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The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare occupational burnout in two groups of teachers from the district of Bijeljina (Bosnia and Herzegovina) measured with the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory survey for workers in human services (MBI-HSS) at the beginning (group 1) and the end of the school year 2018/2019 (group 2) to see if there are seasonal differences. The questionnaire also included standard sociodemographic data and job description (primary and/or secondary school position, length of service, and overtime work). The prevalence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation was low in both groups. However, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation scores significantly shifted to higher values between the beginning and the end of the school year. We also found a statistically significant association between emotional exhaustion and overtime and between depersonalisation and work in a secondary school (p, U ovom je presječnom istraživanju uspoređena prevalencija sindroma izgaranja na poslu u dvjema skupinama nastavnika na području Bijeljine u Bosni i Hercegovini te je procijenjen njegov sezonski karakter. Sindrom izgaranja na poslu mjeren je na početku (skupina I.) i na kraju školske 2018./2019. godine (skupina II.). Za potrebe ovoga istraživanje korištena je srpska inačica Maslachina upitnika izgaranja na poslu za stručnjake pomagačkih zanimanja (izv. Maslach Burnout Inventory Survey for Workers in Human Services, krat. MBI-HSS). Upitnik je uključivao i standardne sociodemografske podatke, kao i podatke o radnomu mjestu (rad u osnovnoj i/ili srednjoj školi, dužina radnog staža i prekovremeni rad). Prevalencija emocionalne iscrpljenosti i depersonalizacije bila je niska u objema skupinama ispitanika na početku mjerenja, ali se na kraju školske godine povećala. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između emocionalne iscrpljenosti i prekovremenoga rada, kao i između depersonalizacije i rada u srednjim školama (p

The two main goals of this research were to assess workers’ mental health (anxiety, depression, and job burnout syndrome) and examine factors related to mental health burdens in two groups of workers. The study was conducted as an online cross-sectional study. The target population consists of workers in essential activities who worked during the pandemic (health, defense, trade, finance, and media), as well as a group of workers who were particularly impacted by the protection measures and either worked under a different regime or were unable to work (caterers, musicians). A questionnaire was constructed for the needs of this research and the scales for anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome were used. In total, 42.2% of non-essential workers and 39.5% of essential workers reported anxiety symptoms, circa 20% of non-essential activity workers and essential activity workers reported depression, and 28.9% of non-essential activity workers and 33.7% of essential activity workers reported burnout. A significant association has been found between certain sociodemographic and health characteristics of respondents, as well as financial stress (worry about losing a job), social stress, media stress, and respondents’ trust in competent authorities and COVID-19 prevention measures, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome. The findings of this study pointed to mental health issues in other activities and highlighted the need for and importance of examining mental health in the population of non-essential activities. It is indicative of significant points that can be investigated in the future for prevention.

The essence of the paper refers to the methodology of improving the delivery process, with the aim of pointing out the importance and advantage of innovative solutions.

Unselective use of antibiotics to treat children with COVID-19 is one of the major issues during the pandemic in Serbia. Thus far, there has been no evidence about the predictors of multiple antibiotic use in the treatment of children with COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of antibiotic use, as well as to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with a greater number of antibiotics and with a longer antibiotic treatment administered to hospitalized children with COVID-19 during the lockdown in Serbia. This study included all children who were hospitalized from 6 March to 31 May 2020 at the only pediatric COVID-19 hospital, and who were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from medical records. The antibiotic treatment included the use of azithromycin, cephalosporin (ceftriaxone), ampicillin-amikacin, and hydroxychloroquine. The overall prevalence of antibiotics use in children hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of age was 47.2% (43.3% in children aged 1–5 years and 44.4% in those aged 5–17 years). In children aged 1–5 years, not having a family member affected by COVID-19 (B = −1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.43, −0.34, p = 0.011), having pneumonia on chest X-ray (B = 0.81, 95%CI 0.34, 1.29, p = 0.002), being a boy (B = −0.65, 95%CI −1.17, −0.13, p = 0.018), and having higher C-reactive protein (CRP) values on admission (B = 0.12, 95%CI 0.07, 0.17, p = 0.001) were associated with the administration of a higher number of antibiotics. These factors, along with having fever (B = 3.20, 95%CI 1.03, 5.37, p = 0.006), were associated with a longer duration of antibiotic treatment in children aged 1–5 years. In children aged 5–17 years, having pharyngeal erythema (B = 1.37, 95%CI 0.61, 2.13, p = 0.001), fever (B = 0.43, 95%CI 0.07, 0.79, p = 0.018), and pneumonia on chest X-ray (B = 0.91, 95%CI 0.53, 1.29, p = 0.001), not having rhinorrhea (B = −1.27, 95%CI −2.47, −0.08, p = 0.037), being a girl (B = 0.52, 95%CI 0.08, 0.97, p = 0.021), and having higher CRP values on admission (B = 0.04, 95%CI 0.01, 0.06, p = 0.006) were associated with the administration of a higher number of antibiotics. These factors, not including the absence of rhinorrhea, were associated with a longer duration of antibiotics treatment in children aged 5–17 years. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters were associated with the use of multiple antibiotics and a longer duration of antibiotic treatment both among children aged 1–5 years and those aged 5–17 years.

The objective of this study was to determine risk-taking behaviors for getting HIV infection among university students in Serbia. The study is based on a cross-sectional survey. Five hundred forty four undergraduate, first year students from two Belgrade universities were selected through random sampling, to answer a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire. Data were collected from 252 students from the Faculties of Medical Sciences, University of Belgrade (FMS) and 292 students from the Faculties of Arts, University of Arts Belgrade (FA). The differences between two groups of students and between students with risk and non-risk behavior were assessed by the χ2 and t-test. Besides that, multivariate techniques such as factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used in statistical analysis. Smoking (Odds Radio – OR=5.05, 95% Confidence Interval – CI=3.10–8.24), studying FA, (OR=4.17, 95%CI=2.69–6.46), male sex (OR=3.85, 95% CI=2.38–6.25), committing offences (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.09–2.08) and older age (OR=1.31, 95%CI=1.10–1.55) were the most significant factors connected with the risk-taking behaviors for HIV transmission among the students. In conclusion, HIV prevention efforts must be sustained and designed to reach young people and to prevent patterns of risky behaviors before they start.

The aim of this study was to investigate which one among possible risk factors are independently related to first nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in Belgrade population. Case-control study was conducted in Belgrade during the period 2005-2006. Case group comprised 100 subjects 35-80 years old who were hospitalized because of first nonfatal MI at the coronary care unit in Urgent Center, Belgrade. Control group consisted of 100 persons chosen among patients treated during the same period at the Institute of Rheumatology, Institute for Gastroenterology, and Clinic for Orthopedics, Belgrade, Serbia. Cases and controls were individually matched by sex, age (+/- 2 years) and place of residence (urban/rural communities of Belgrade). According to the multivariate analysis risk factors for MI occurrence were "good" socioeconomic conditions (OR = 2.76), total alcohol consumption (OR = 2.62) and consumption of brandy (OR = 6.73), stressful life events taken together (OR = 3.13) and stress because of close relative Ns death (OR = 3.35), great financial problems (OR = 31.64) and small financial problems (OR = 8.47), hypertension (OR = 2.39), MI among all relatives (OR = 3.66), MI in father (OR = 6.24), and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 152.41). Amateur sport activity in the past was negatively associated with MI development. The results obtained are mainly in accordance with other studies results and can be of help in development of strategy for coronary heart disease prevention in Serbia.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing condition that can have considerable effects on the patients' quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to measure the health-related QOL in patients with AD, using generic and specific instruments, to compare the scores obtained by different instruments and to verify the relationship between them. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 132 outpatients with AD. To assess the QOL, Short Form 36 (SF-36), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were administered. In order to assess the disease severity of AD, we used the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and physician assessment of disease severity. Stressful life events during the last 12 months were assessed with Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events. Patients with AD had inferior social functioning and mental health scores compared with the general population. The correlations between the DLQI and SF-36 were found for the mental components of the QOL. Increasing disease severity was associated with greater impairment in QOL in both, children and adults. Our study found the influence of the stressful life events on the role emotional of AD patients. These results demonstrate that AD influences health-related QOL, especially in children. This study supports the decision to use both generic and skin-specific instruments to assess the impact of AD on QOL.