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Although knowledge integration has been deemed relevant for the development and survival of family firms, prior studies suggest that the lack of skills to combine and transfer incumbent family members' knowledge within the family may hinder family firms' organizational effectiveness. Knowledge integration, in this context, might depend on family involvement in ownership, management and governance, and family essence, considering the emotional and relational aspects of the influence the family exerts on the business. Relying on knowledge-based view and dynamic capability perspectives, we propose a model suggesting that knowledge integration intervenes in the relationship between familiness and organizational effectiveness. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 102 private Spanish family businesses. The results reveal that familiness is beneficial for knowledge integration, enhancing family firms' organizational effectiveness. Our study provides practical implications for family business owners and managers, and opportunities for further research.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to shed light on the output of project management (PM) dynamic capabilities Specifically, the study investigates what effect PM dynamic capabilities have on company performance, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation effect of project and portfolio performance. Additionally, it tests whether program performance might also mediate the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested using partial least squares with a sample of 63 international firms that engage in projects globally.FindingsThe main finding of this research is that PM dynamic capabilities do not influence firm performance directly but do so indirectly by increasing firms' performance in projects, programs and portfolios. Both project and portfolio performance have a mediation effect on the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance, but portfolio performance absorbs all this effect when the two performances are in the model.Originality/valueThis paper sheds light on the link between dynamic capabilities and firm performance. It tests the real outcome of dynamic capabilities by making an explicit distinction between firm performance at three intermediate levels (project, program and portfolio) and overall firm performance. Moreover, it opens the black box of dynamic capabilities and empirically operationalizes the theoretical model of sensing-seizing-transforming as the three constituting routines of dynamic capabilities.

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En la Huasteca Potosina (HP) existen siete especies nativas de bambú, pero se desconoce la riqueza de especies introducidas. De ambos grupos se carece del registro de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que proporcionan. Por ello, los objetivos del estudio fueron registrar la presencia de las especies introducidas de bambú en la HP e identificar los SE de las especies nativas e introducidas. Métodos: Se efectuaron exploraciones botánicas para visitar todos los municipios del área de estudio; se realizaron 57 recolectas botánicas. Para el registro de los SE de las especies nativas e introducidas se hicieron observaciones en campo, se visitaron comunidades en donde se cultiva y utiliza el bambú y se realizaron 31 entrevistas a informantes clave. Resultados clave: Además de las siete especies nativas de bambú en la HP, existen 11 taxones (diez especies y una variedad) introducidos, todos estos de culmos leñosos. Ocho especies y la variedad son nativas de Asia, una lo es de Sudamérica y otra introducida del estado de Veracruz, México. Las especies introducidas con mayor distribución son Bambusa vulgaris, B. vulgaris var. vittata y B. oldhamii. El principal uso del bambú leñoso es para la construcción y la especie nativa más utilizada para ello es Guadua velutina. Las especies introducidas son producidas para ornato, cerco vivo y construcción. Conclusiones: En la HP hay 44 ha de plantaciones comerciales de bambú; junto con las especies nativas proporcionan tres SE y cinco usos. Los resultados de este trabajo son la base para futuras investigaciones sobre los servicios ecosistémicos del bambú en la HP. Es necesario continuar con el monitoreo de plantaciones comerciales, ya que van en aumento; además de evaluación de los efectos de diferentes prácticas de manejo en plantaciones y usos potenciales, sobre todo de especies nativas.

Methods for teaching higher education students how to learn teamwork skills are constantly evolving. Over the last few years, serious games have become popular in business schools for stimulating t...

Purpose This paper aims to explain the development of an online training curriculum to enable students to acquire the transversal competences needed to work on smart cities projects. In this curriculum, a modern approach to the teaching-learning process was applied, suitable for the interdisciplinary and multinational learning challenges that smart cities impose, but within the framework of a university-industry European partnership. Design/methodology/approach To develop the curriculum, the competences needed for smart cities, common to all disciplines and fields, had to be researched. In addition, real smart cities projects also had to be selected for work following a project-based learning methodology. For both, this study applied the Delphi method, selecting the most relevant ones based on the data obtained by performing a multi-criteria decision analysis. Findings The procedure followed for the identification of transversal competences in a field, the design of an innovative online training program and the results of the first edition of the program are discussed. Research limitations/implications The processes that were developed, both to detect the most relevant transversal competences and to design the online training program, could be extrapolated to other areas. Moreover, it is very likely that the competences detected in this work could also be extrapolated, for the most part, to interdisciplinary teams. Originality/value To date, there is no European initiative addressing the challenges of smart cities that requires a major adjustment in higher education, in the relationship between universities and all the mechanisms of lifelong learning with the industry related to smart cities. This work is a pioneer in this regard.

Producción Científica, Even though family firms are characterized by an overlap between the family and business systems, family business research has focused separately on how family firms compete (i. e., strategic behavior) and how families are involved their firms (i. e., types of family orientation). With the aim of closing this research gap, we draw on the heterogeneity principle of family firms and the equifinality principle of the configurative approach to conjecture that family firms can successfully adjust their strategic behavior and family business orientation in a variety of ways to enhance their likelihood of survival. We follow a sample of Spanish family firms over an 11-year period (2004–2015) to test our model. Based on the Kaplan–Meier survival estimator and the Cox proportional hazard model, we find that survival likelihood is higher when firms combine a differentiation strategy with a business-first or a family-enterprisefirst orientation or when firms follow a low-cost strategy with a family-first orientation.

Prior to this study, only four native bamboo species: Guadua longifolia, G. velutina, Lithachne pauciflora and Olyra latifolia, had been recorded in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. However, the ecological and geographical distribution of those species were unknown. Two questions are addressed in this study: How many native bamboo species are there in San Luis Potosí? and, what is the geographical and ecological distribution of those species? The botanical exploration was carried out in 2019 and 2020. The geographical and ecological distribution was determined with a record of herbaria specimens and a botanical exploration. Multivariate methods and a similarity index were used to analyze the information of bamboo species in 13 sub-basins of the Huasteca Potosina (HP). The study registered seven native species, of which five are woody species: Chusquea enigmatica, Guadua aff. longifolia, G. velutina, Otatea acuminata and Riphidocladum racemiflorum, and two are herbaceous species: Lithachne pauciflora and Olyra latifolia. The study also found that G. velutina is the most frequent native species in the study area, registered in 12 of the 13 sub-basins mapped. The species with the least frequency were C. enigmatica and O. acuminata, registered in only one sub-basin each. The sub-basins with the highest richness were located in a strip along the slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental (the SMOR). The seven native bamboo species in San Luis Potosí are distributed in the HP region, from the windward side of the SMOR to its extension to the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP), in an elevation range of 15–1815 m asl. These seven native species are distributed throughout the SMOR, whereas the G. velutina predominates in GCP. The distance from water bodies is a determining factor in the distribution of species, especially G. velutina, identified in the present study as a riparian species.

Pilostyles maya (Apodanthaceae), a new Mexican species endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula, is described and illustrated. Ecological, geographical, molecular, and morphological evidence are provided to support the new species status of Pilostyles maya. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial matR and nuclear 18S genes recovered P. maya as sister to P. mexicana. It is distinguished from its congeners by having cleistogamous, hermaphroditic flowers, tepals with ciliate margins and specificity on a Bauhinia host. These traits are novel for the genus and family. We propose that P. maya be listed as Critically Endangered due to its small known area of distribution and threats from deforestation in its area of occurrence.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a severe clinical condition, among others, affecting the brain after offspring exposure to neonatal anoxia, which causes persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. During peripartum, maternal behaviors are crucial for the healthy development of the offspring. In rats, the vocalization of newborns, around 40 kHz, corresponds to separation calls that encourage their mothers to retrieve them. Alterations in this pattern affect the maternal behavior addressed to the offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the maternal behavior of primiparous rats whose offspring were exposed to neonatal anoxia in P2 (postpartum day) during the lactation period, to assess mother-pup interactions through the pups’ vocalization from P3 to P18. It also intends to quantify eventual neuronal alterations in the mothers’ medial preoptic area after the last weaning (P21) through FOS protein expression. Anoxia offspring were found to reduce maternal behaviors toward them, increased frequency of separation calls in the male anoxia group, and reduced vocalization rate in the female anoxia group compared to their respective controls. Body weight gain reduction of males’ and females’ anoxia was observed. We concluded that anoxia exerts deleterious effects on the vocalization patterns of the pups, with sex differences that alter maternal behavior toward them. Impaired USV makes an additional negative impact on the already noxious effects of neonatal anoxia. Understanding those phenomena applies/contributes to guiding procedures and strategies to mitigate the deleterious outcomes and orient research concerning the complexity of neonatal anoxia events and the influence of maternal care quality concerning the pups, which should also be considered sex differences.

Purpose: To use the project management approach for the management of the events and, particularly, to adapt the PM2 methodology to sports events. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical analysis about whether a sport event is a project, and what must be fulfilled for it to be so. Theoretical analysis approach into the roles of the event manager and project manager. Theoretical adaptation of the PM2 to sport management. Findings: Event management could benefit from PM2 with several adaptations. The main ones imply separating the execution phase in two separate ones due to simultaneous and mass involvement of participants and spectators in the event; introducing a marketing orientation in the management of the project to maximize the economic return of the event, or introducing the concept of extended customer to include the owner of the event, the participant and the spectator and including this concept into the governance model. Research limitations/implications: Further empirical research is needed to analyze the implementation of this adaptation of PM2. Practical implications: We offer an adaptation of PM2 for the event managers that allow them to apply project management standards in their particular events. We made the particular case of sport events sector by introducing the marketing approach and the market orientation of the event manager to the PM2 methodology. Social implications: The redefinition of the role of sport event managers with a project management orientation allows to introduce the cost-benefit analysis in the development of a sport event, and by measuring the relative efficiency sport events could be not only successful, but also profitable and sustainable. Originality/value: For the first time, PM2 is applied to events, in particular, to sport events. The specific characteristics of PM2 makes it interesting in any sector, as sports events, where managers do not have extensive experience using project management standards and methodologies

The book portrays the history of the Kararao throughout an ethnographic reconstruction of the origin of this Kayapo group since their scission from the Krinkati1 at the beginning of the 1930s, owin...

Circuit formation in the central nervous system has been historically studied during development, after which cell-autonomous and nonautonomous wiring factors inactivate. In principle, balanced reactivation of such factors could enable further wiring in adults, but their relative contributions may be circuit dependent and are largely unknown. Here, we investigated hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting to gain insight into wiring mechanisms in mature circuits. We found that sole ectopic expression of Id2 in granule cells is capable of driving mossy fiber sprouting in healthy adult mouse and rat. Mice with the new mossy fiber circuit solved spatial problems equally well as controls but appeared to rely on local rather than global spatial cues. Our results demonstrate reprogrammed connectivity in mature neurons by one defined factor and an assembly of a new synaptic circuit in adult brain., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118 (40), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Resumen Introduccion La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es catastrofica, cronica y neurodegenerativa. En etapa avanzada requiere un cuidador informal permanente. Se desconoce la adaptacion del cuidador a su rol, aspecto fundamental para garantizar la calidad asistencial. Objetivo Elaborar una propuesta de cuidado con lenguaje estandarizado para fomentar la adaptacion de cuidadores informales de pacientes con Parkinson a su rol social. Metodos Estudio en 2 fases: revision de la literatura y elaboracion de una propuesta de cuidados. Busqueda en las bases de datos: ProQuest, Scielo, Scient Direct, Pubmed y Google Scholar, en idiomas ingles, espanol y portugues, ultimos 5 anos. Descriptores: enfermedad de Parkinson, enfermedad cronica, cuidadores, adaptacion, proceso de enfermeria. La propuesta articula el modelo de adaptacion de Callista Roy con el proceso de enfermeria utilizando taxonomia NANDA-NOC-NIC. Resultados Escasas publicaciones sobre afrontamiento y adaptacion de cuidadores y sobre proceso de enfermeria a cuidadores utilizando lenguaje estandarizado. Modos de adaptacion comprometidos: funcion de rol y autoconcepto. Diagnosticos de enfermeria relevantes: cansancio del rol del cuidador, interrupcion de procesos familiares, deterioro de la interaccion social, relacion ineficaz, afrontamiento familiar comprometido, voluntad de mejorar el autoconcepto, riesgo de baja autoestima situacional y trastorno de la imagen corporal. Se vincularon 2 resultados NOC y 3 intervenciones NIC para cada diagnostico. Conclusiones La articulacion del modelo de adaptacion de Callista Roy con el lenguaje estandarizado NANDA-NOC-NIC es un aporte innovador al desarrollo disciplinar y profesional de la enfermeria neurologica y comunitaria. La propuesta permite monitorear los niveles de adaptacion del cuidador informal e intervenir de manera oportuna.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, chronic, and progressive eye disease that is considered the leading cause of visual loss among the elderly in developed countries. Advanced AMD, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or geographic atrophy (GA), is associated with substantial and progressive visual impairment that can lead to a significant reduction in functional independence and quality of life (QoL) for affected individuals, whose number is expected to increase in the coming years in line with population growth and ageing. In this context, while an important part of medical care is focused on preventing the progression of the disease, Visual Rehabilitation (VR) aims to address its consequences by providing these patients with a number of strategies to achieve their goals and participate autonomously, actively and productively in society. This chapter aims to provide an update on evidence-based practices in the field and how modern technologies play an important role in the development of new VR approaches.

Neonatal anoxia is a well-known world health problem which results in neurodevelopmental deficits, such as sensory alterations that are observed in patients with cerebral palsy and autism disorder, for which oxygen deprivation is a risk factor. Nociceptive response, as part of the sensory system, has been reported as altered in these patients. To determine whether neonatal oxygen deprivation alters nociceptive sensitivity and promotes medium- and long-term inflammatory feedback in the central nervous system, Wistar rats of around 30 h old were submitted to anoxia (100% nitrogen flux for 25 min) and evaluated on PND23 (postpartum day) and PND90. The nociceptive response was assessed by mechanical, thermal and tactile tests in the early postnatal and adulthood periods. The lumbar spinal cord (SC -L4-L6) motor neurons (MNs) and the posterior insular cortex neurons were counted and compared with their respective controls after anoxia. In addition, we evaluated the possible effect of anoxia on the expression of astrocytes in the spinal cord at adulthood. The results showed increased nociceptive responses in both males and females submitted to anoxia, although these responses were different according to the nociceptive stimulus. A decrease in MNs in adult anoxiated females and an upregulation of GFAP expression in the SC were observed. In the insular cortex, a decrease in the number of cells of anoxiated males was observed in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest that oxygen-deprived nervous systems in rats may affect their response at the sensorimotor pathways and respective controlling centers with sex differences, which were related to the used stimulus.

Although entrepreneurial intention has been widely studied using cognitive models, we still lack entrepreneurial vocation and, therefore, lack disruptive innovations. Entrepreneurship scholars have some understanding of the reasons underlying this weakness, although there is much room for improvement in our learning concerning how to promote entrepreneurship among university students, especially in the transformed context of digital technologies. This paper focuses on the early stages of start-up, and in particular seeks to evaluate what role social and psychological factors play in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Drawing on network theory, we consider the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, we analyze the influence of two types of social networks: face-to-face and online social networks, with the latter proving especially important in digital transformations. In addition, based on affective congruency theory, we relate affect with entrepreneurial intention. Particularly, we evaluate the influence of positive and negative dispositional affectivity on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, since affect and emotions can also be related with social relationships, we analyze whether dispositional affectivities influence entrepreneurial intention through the mediation effect of social networks. Using structural equation modeling, we confirm the impact of both online and face-to-face social networks, as well as positive dispositional affectivity on entrepreneurial intention for 589 higher education students in Spain. However, negative dispositional affectivity is not seen to influence entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, both face-to-face and online social networks are influenced by positive dispositional affectivity. Moreover, these two types of networks can even partially mediate the relationship between positive dispositional affectivity and entrepreneurial intention. Positive dispositional affectivity can thus influence entrepreneurial intention in two different ways: directly and indirectly through both face-to-face and online social networks. This study provides further insights and adds to the literature on affect, social networks, and entrepreneurial intention. From a broader perspective, we also contribute to the literature on disruptive innovations by explaining how the development of entrepreneurial intentions would have positive consequences for university students vis-à-vis achieving these disruptive innovations.

Producción Científica, Advances on the study of entrepreneurial intention among students from universities motivate to further investigate the factors behind this intention. In this paper, we focus on the effect of affective traits (positive and negative) on the entrepreneurial intention antecedents proposed by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior drawing on the arguments of affect priming. Using a sample of 597 students from Spain, we use structural equation model to test our hypotheses. Our results show that positive affective traits have a positive impact on the attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE), perceived behavioral control of entrepreneurship (PBC), and social norms toward entrepreneurship (SN). Negative affective traits negatively influence ATE and SN, but not PBC. In addition, using a K-means clustering analysis and an analysis of variance, our study further explores how different affective personalities relate to a particular level of entrepreneurial intention. Our results contribute to understand of the psychological processes that influence entrepreneurial intention. Overall, our research contributes to the literature on affect and entrepreneurial cognition by evaluating the interaction of affect and the cognitive antecedents of entrepreneurial intention.

Producción Científica, Purpose –The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roots of family firms’ competitive advantages by defining and testing the familiness learning mechanisms that emerge from the interaction between family and firm. Because family members are economically, emotionally and socially attached to the firm, family firms are expected to be able to develop unique and difficult to imitate learning mechanisms related to family firm value creation. Design/methodology/approach – This study operationalizes and tests the concept of the familiness learning mechanism using a sample of nonlisted Spanish family firms. The sample is analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Findings – Results show that family firms’ ability to accumulate internal and external knowledge, integrate social knowledge, as well as create and retain socioemotional knowledge forms the concept of the familiness learning mechanism, and the authors show what implications it might have for family firm value creation. Originality/value – By using the dynamic capabilities approach, this article highlights the importance of the knowledge and learning derived from family involvement in the firm. The creation of learning mechanisms occurs because of the close relationships between family members and their simultaneous participation in the family and in the company systems, which creates a unique context wherein knowledge and learning emerge in an idiosyncratic manner, Ministerio de ciencia e Innovación español (Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación científica y técnica de excelencia) (ECO2016-78128-P)

Producción Científica, The problem of achieving individual project performance has been replaced by the problem of achieving organizational goals through project performance. Only project-based firms able to learn and build project capabilities can successfully compete in today’s dynamic environments. The purpose of this paper is to present a dynamic capability-based framework that sheds light on how project and organizational dynamic capabilities are built and how these dynamic capabilities allow project-based firms to perform in dynamic environments. Our theoretical framework unpacks the processes of building dynamic capabilities inside a project-based firm, discussing the routines and procedures that are useful to manage projects in unstable and dynamic environments and to build and reconfigure organizational capabilities from project-led knowledge., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - (Proyecto ECO2016-78128-P)

Objective: To identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease progression in Brazilian children and to evaluate the interactions between factors. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort in São Paulo, involving 209 children with CKD stages 3–4. The study outcome included: (a) death, (b) start of kidney replacement therapy, (c) eGFR decrease >50% during the followup. Thirteen risk factors were tested using univariate regression models, followed by multivariable Cox regression models. The terms of interaction between the variables showing significant association with the outcome were then introduced to the model. Results: After a median follow-up of 2.5 years (IQR = 1.4–3.0), the outcome occurred in 44 cases (21%): 22 started dialysis, 12 had >50% eGFR decrease, seven underwent transplantation, and three died. Advanced CKD stage at onset (HR = 2.16, CI = 1.14–4.09), nephrotic proteinuria (HR = 2.89, CI = 1.49–5.62), age (HR = 1.10, CI = 1.01–1.17), systolic blood pressure Z score (HR = 1.36, CI = 1.08–1.70), and anemia (HR = 2.60, CI = 1.41–4.77) were associated with the outcome. An interaction between anemia and nephrotic proteinuria at V1 (HR = 0.25, CI = 0.06–1.00) was detected. Conclusions: As the first CKD cohort in the southern hemisphere, this study supports the main factors reported in developed countries with regards to CKD progression, affirming the potential role of treatments to slow CKD evolution. The detected interaction suggests that anemia may be more deleterious for CKD progression in patients without proteinuria and should be further studied. Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para progressão da DRC em crianças do Brasil e avaliar as interações entre os fatores. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva multicêntrica em São Paulo, envolvendo 209 crianças com DRC em estágios 3-4. O desfecho do estudo incluiu: a) óbito, b) início da terapia de substituição renal, c) redução de > 50% na taxa estimada de filtração glomerular (eGFR) durante o acompanhamento. Foram testados 13 fatores de risco com o modelo de regressão univariada seguido do modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox. Os termos de interação entre as variáveis mostraram associação significativa e foram introduzidos ao modelo. Resultados: Após média de acompanhamento de 2,5 anos (IIQ = 1,4 a 3,0), 44 casos (21%) apresentaram desfecho: 22 iniciaram diálise, 12 apresentaram redução de > 50% na eGFR, sete foram submetidos a transplante e três morreram. Estágio avançado de DRC no acometimento (RR = 2,16, IC = 1,14-4,09), proteinúria nefrótica (RR = 2,89, IC = 1,49-5,62), idade (RR – 1,10, IC = 1,01-1,17), escore Z da pressão arterial sistólica (RR = 1,36, IC = 1,08-1,70) e anemia (RR = 2,60, IC – 1,41-4,77) foram associados ao resultado. Foi detectada interação entre anemia e proteinúria nefrótica na primeira visita (V1) (RR = 0,25, IC = 0,06-1,00). Conclusões: Como a primeira coorte de DRC no hemisfério sul, este estudo é concordante com os principais fatores relatados em países desenvolvidos com relação à progressão da DRC, afirmando o possível papel dos tratamentos para mostrar a evolução da DRC. A interação detectada sugere que a anemia pode ser mais nociva na progressão da DRC em pacientes sem proteinúria e deve ser ainda mais estudada. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Epidemiology, Risk factors, Progressive patient care, Pediatrics, Palavras-chave: Doença renal crônica, Epidemiologia, Fatores de risco, Cuidado progressivo do paciente, Pediatria

Entrepreneurial intention is a key research question in entrepreneurship. Previous studies have proven the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain entrepreneurial intention. Scholars have thus focused on analyzing factors to develop the three antecedents of TPB, one of which is social capital. However, research has barely considered social capital online. We extend research by exploring the effect of social capital on these antecedents and on entrepreneurial intention, and by analyzing the differences in these influences between social capital online and offline. Using partial least squares and commonality analysis for 587 individuals in Spain, we find that social capital influences these antecedents and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, social capital online has a greater effect in attitude toward entrepreneurship, a similar effect on perceived behavioral control, and a lesser effect on social norms than social capital offline. Finally, social capital online has a greater influence on entrepreneurial intention than social capital offline. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M1 Business Administration, M13 New Firms • Startups

Producción Científica, La riqueza socioemocional se relaciona con las dotaciones emocionales que la familia acumula en la empresa. Es una de las características más importantes que diferencian a las empresas familiares de otros tipos de organizaciones. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios desarrollados en el contexto de los antecedentes y consecuencias de la creación y uso de la riqueza socioemocional en la empresa familiar. Por tanto, en este estudio, utilizando una muestra de empresas familiares espanolas ˜ que no cotizan en bolsa, se explica cómo la influencia familiar afecta la creación y uso de la riqueza socioemocional y, de este modo, a la efectividadorganizativa de la empresa familiar. Los resultados indican resultados mixtos con respecto al impacto de la participación familiar en la esencia de la empresa familiar. Además, sugieren una relación positiva entre la creación y uso de la riqueza socioemocional y la efectividad organizativa de la empresa familiar

Relationship conflicts between family members can have disastrous consequences on the performance of the family firm (FF) and even endanger its continuity. This study examines the relationship between family influence, relationship conflicts, and the organizational effectiveness of FF. Using a sample of 102 Spanish FFs, the authors analyzed the data using a partial least squares structural equation model. The results show that the involvement of family members in the ownership and on the boards of governance and management enhance the incorporation of the family values and culture into the firm and thus reduce relationship conflicts. More importantly, we find a negative relation between relationship conflicts and the effectiveness of FF.

Background Neonatal anoxia may cause neurological injuries, behavioral alterations and changes in somatic growth. Somatic developmental changes suggest a possible effect of anoxia on energy metabolism and/or feeding behavior. Short-term effects of oxygen deficit on energy homeostasis have been described. In contrast, just a few studies report long-term effects. This study investigated the effects of neonatal anoxia on energy metabolism and somatic development at adulthood of males and females Wistar rats. Method Male (m) and female (f) rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of Anoxia or Control treatment. At P34 part of the subjects of each group was fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h and then perfused 30 min later, at P35; the remaining subjects were submitted to these treatments at P94 and perfused at P95. Therefore, there were 8 groups: AmP35, AmP95, AfP35, AfP95, CmP35, CmP95, CfP35 and CfP95. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90. For subjects perfused at P35 and P95, glycemia, leptin and insulin were assessed after fasting and refeed. After perfusion the encephalon and pancreas were collected for Fos immunohistochemistry and Hematoxylin-Eosin stain analyses. Results Even though neonatal anoxia did not interfere with regular food intake, it reduced body weight gain along growing in both male and female subjects as compared to the corresponding controls. At P35 neonatal anoxia decreased post-prandial glycemia and increased insulin. While at P95 neonatal anoxia altered the pancreatic histomorphology and increased post-fasting weight loss, decreasing leptin, insulin and glycemia secretion, as well Fos immunoreactivity (IR) in ARC. Conclusion Neonatal anoxia impairs long-term energy metabolism and somatic development in Wistar rats, with differences related to sex and age.

Previous research emphasizes that the participation of the family in business operations is the source of resources and capabilities that conditions the strategic behavior of the family firm. This influence has been recognized as “familiness.” However, this definition is contextualized from static reasoning that ignores the effect of family dynamics on the behavior and value generation of the family-owned business. Prior literature has recognized that the family influence has a dynamic character based on the idiosyncratic process of knowledge management that manifests itself in the company, dynamic familiness. This family capability is shaped by family organizational routines through the family influence and aims to increase its knowledge portfolios for the strategic use of its resources. This chapter addresses the relationship between family influence and the process of learning and knowledge management. The analysis of this relationship allows assessing how family influence can promote the generation of family organizational routines based on knowledge management processes.

Based on a comparative study of two alliances, this paper provides an in-depth examination of the role of interpartner dissimilarities in Industry-University (IU) alliances. We make a conceptual distinction between routine-based dissimilarities (differences in partners' behavior) and orientation-based dissimilarities (differences in partners' goals and expectations), illuminating their joint implications for collaborative processes and outcomes over time. Our findings reveal that interpartner dissimilarities might not be problematic at the start-up or honeymoon stage in IU alliances. In the post-formation alliance stages, however, they are likely to complicate the collaboration. Orientation-based dissimilarities might frustrate partners' attempts to solve routine-based dissimilarities by impeding successful joint sensemaking. We conclude that different combinations of the two types of dissimilarities are likely to trigger particular coordination and cooperation patterns in IU alliances, eliciting different outcomes on both technological and relational levels. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of top managers in firm performance is central to strategic management. Specifically, the influence of top management involvement in project and portfolio performance has been widely research. However, the nature of that influence is still unknown. Based on an international sample of firms performing projects, this paper addresses the question of how top managers influence project, portfolio, and firm performance. Results of our structural equation model show that the relation between top managers and project, portfolio, and firm performance is mediated by operational and dynamic capability building. Thus, the building of operational capabilities at project level and dynamic capabilities at the portfolio level appears as the generative mechanism for top managers' influence over firm performance.

A key issue of family firms’ strategic management is to determine the factors that are specific to family firms. Despite theoretical and empirical progress in understanding the mechanisms behind strategic decision making in family firms, there is still no strategic management theory for family firms. To address this gap, we adapt the dynamic capabilities approach to family firms by developing a theoretical model that attempts to serve as a framework for helping family firms in the strategic decision making process. The model is based on the concept of familiness and family learning mechanisms (knowledge accumulation, integration, codification and socioemotional wealth preservation) suggesting that the interplay of the two impacts on the efficient strategic management of family firms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Succession is a concern for most family firms. The literature has addressed succession in family firms from different perspectives. However, there are still unaddressed questions concerning the microfoundations of succession, and there is a need to secure a better understanding of the succession process and what role parents play therein. Using the dynamic capabilities approach, we shed light on the influence of parents&rsquo, behaviors on successors&rsquo, intentions. In particular, the paper pursues a twofold aim, first, to analyze the effect of learning mechanisms that parents deliberately use with their children in the family firm on the succession dynamic capability, and second, to explore the impact of this dynamic capability of successor intention to continue in the family firm. We test the model on a sample of potential successors of family firms in Spain. Using partial least squares (PLS) for a sample of 9146 individuals, we confirm the positive impact of the use of parents&rsquo, deliberate learning mechanisms on succession dynamic capability and, in turn, the positive effect of the created succession dynamic capability on the successor&rsquo, s intention to continue the family firm. Furthermore, we find that perceived self-efficacy fails to have any effect on successor intention.