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This study aimed to assess the effect of the Lower Extremity Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (LE-CIMT) intervention on the intra-limb hip-knee coordination and its variability in walking in chronic post-stroke individuals considering the lenses of the dynamic systems approach to motor behavior. Twelve chronic post-stroke individuals received the LE-CIMT intervention for 10 days following all protocol’s recommendations and designed according to individuals’ needs. Before, three days, and 30 days after the intervention, angular kinematics in the sagittal plane of the trunk, hip and knee of both extremities were analyzed. We analyzed joint angles for swing and stance phases of walking, and the intra-limb coordination of hip-knee joints through the vector coding technique. For separate joint angular kinematics, we found differences between affected extremities but no effects of the intervention. However, we observed changes in intra-limb coordination pattern as a function of increased variability after intervention and increased stability at follow-up. These changes follow the predicted pattern from the dynamic systems approach to motor behavior. The immediate decreased stability of the initial pattern could be due to the active exploration of space solution offered by the LE-CIMT and, posteriorly, the stability increased after finding new movement solutions in the real-life environment.

Objective To investigate the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on body structure and function, activity, and participation in individuals with Parkinson Disease (PD) in the mild to moderate stages. Data Sources Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and PEDro were searched from inception until June 2020 using the terms “Parkinson Disease,” “Exercise,” “Resistance Training,” “Muscle Strength,” “Cardiorespiratory Fitness,” “Postural Balance,” “Gait,” and “Quality of Life.” Study Selection We included studies conducted in individuals with PD involving RE compared with a control group. Two independent reviewers performed the selection process based on titles, abstracts, and full-text reading. In total, 270 individuals with PD were included from 10 selected studies. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted characteristics related to participants, intervention and control types, and results. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality, and the level of evidence was analyzed and synthesized using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. Data Synthesis The level of evidence for body structure and function was low and without effect for lower limb muscle strength; very low and with effect for upper limb muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and postural balance; and very low and without effect for flexibility after RE training. For activity, the evidence was very low and with effect for gait and very low and without effect for mobility. For participation (ie, quality of life) the evidence was very low and without effect. Conclusions Although the level of evidence was low to very low, RE was shown to promote improvements in body structure and function (upper limb muscle strength, cardiovascular function, postural balance) and activity (gait). In contrast, RE did not significantly improve participation (quality of life). However, based on the present findings, the practice of RE can be recommended for individuals with PD in the mild to moderate stages.

Este libro es un esfuerzo conjunto de investigadores de Brasil, México y Colombia, y del semillero de investigación Estudios sociales del desarrollo y los territorios del Programa de Sociología de la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia - UNAD, que busca identificar los factores asociados que impulsan o desincentivan la participación política en la población de sus países, con una visión multidisciplinar que estudia este fenómeno social a través de disciplinas como la economía, la ciencia política, la psicología y demás ciencias que aportan al conocimiento. Las democracias latinoamericanas tienen como reto enorme y permanente generar mecanismos que permitan la participación política a sus ciudadanos; entender los factores asociados a dicha participación es el reto que se propone el libro, el cual aborda la participación política en dos enfoques: uno ligado a la participación política electoral, que es uno de los ejercicios de derechos más comunes en Latinoamérica, complementándolo con una segunda mirada, la cual está ligada a la participación sociopolítica de los ciudadanos en organizaciones sociales. Ambos enfoques de participación política permiten al lector entender cuáles son las probabilidades de cada uno de los factores o dimensiones asociados a la participación política tanto a nivel de características individuales del ciudadano, como de los factores asociados a contextos socioeconómicos, que terminan afectando en mayor proporción la decisión de participar bien sea en un proceso político electoral o en una organización político social.

Objective: To identify the profile of patients with Skin Tears in hospital admission and propose the development of a digital instrument for nurse assessment. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study, in a university hospital in the city of São Paulo. The collection was performed in the months of September 2021 to April 2022, with quantitative analysis. Results: The sample was composed of 34 patients, with a prevalence of men, with a mean age of 66.3 years, 44% admitted to the ICU with a higher predominance of cause of hospitalization for infection. In this study, 17 patients had hypertension and 74.7% used a cotinous mixture of medications. Among the patients, 79.4% had edema, 41.2% performed body hydration, 88.2% did not wander, 94% required help to change their decubitus, and 26 patients were bedridden. Laboratory tests indicated changes in C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. The most prevalent medical device was central venous catheter/dialysis (64.7%), pressure injury was present in 42 patients (123.5%) and the most prevalent friction injury, using the STAR classification, was class 1 a (23.5%), being present in half of the patients in the upper limbs (50%). Conclusion: In the present study, it was possible to identify the main characteristics of the patient with Skin Tears and the nurse's need for information and knowledge about this type of injury to prevent its development through prevention and perform the appropriate treatment. Objetivo: Identificar el perfil de los pacientes con Skin Tears en la internación hospitalaria y proporcionar el desarrollo de un instrumento digital para la evaluación del enfermero. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal, en un hospital universitario de la ciudad de São Paulo. La recogida se realizó en los meses de septiembre de 2021 a abril de 2022, con un análisis cuantitativo. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 34 pacientes, con un predominio de hombres, con una edad media de 66,3 años, 44% ingresados en la UCI con un mayor predominio de causa de hospitalización por infección. En este estudio, 17 pacientes tenían hipertensión y el 74,7% utilizaba una mezcla cotinua de medicamentos. Entre los pacientes, el 79,4% tenía edema, el 41,2% realizaba hidratación corporal, el 88,2% no deambulaba, el 94% requería ayuda para cambiar su decúbito y 26 pacientes estaban encamados. Las pruebas de laboratorio indicaron cambios en la proteína C reactiva, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y las plaquetas. El dispositivo médico más prevalente fue el catéter venoso central/diálisis (64,7%), la lesión por presión estuvo presente en 42 pacientes (123,5%) y la lesión por fricción más prevalente, utilizando la clasificación STAR, fue la clase 1 a (23,5%), estando presente en la mitad de los pacientes en los miembros superiores (50%). Conclusión: En este estudio se pudieron identificar las principales características del paciente con Skin Tears y la necesidad de información y conocimiento de la enfermera sobre este tipo de lesión para evitar su desarrollo mediante la prevención y realizar el tratamiento adecuado. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de pacientes com Skin Tears em internação hospitalar para subsidiar o planejamento do cuidado de enfermagem. Método: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal em um hospital de ensino do município de São Paulo. A coleta foi realizada nos meses de setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022, com análise quantitativa. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 34 pacientes, com prevalência do sexo masculino, com média de 66,3 anos de idade, 44% internados em UTI com maior predominância de causa de internação por infecção. Neste estudo, 17 pacientes eram portadores de Hipertensão Arterial e 74,7% faziam uso de miscelânia de medicamentos cotínuo. Entre os pacientes, 79,4% possuíam edema, 41,2% realizavam hidratação corporal, 88,2% não deambuavam, 94% necessitavam de auxílio para mudança de decúbito e 26 pacientes estavam acamados. Os exames laboratoriais dos indicaram alterações na proteína C reativa, hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas. O dispositivo médico de maior prevalência foi o catéter venoso central/diálise (64,7%), a lesão por pressão esteve presente 42 pacientes (123,5%) e a lesão por fricção de maior incidência, utilizando a classificação STAR, foi a da classe 1 a (23,5%), sendo na metade dos pacientes presente nos membros superiores (50%). Conclusão: No presente estudo foi possível identificar as principais características do paciente com Skin Tears e a necessidade da informação e aprimoramento do conhecimento pelo enfermeiro sobre esse tipo de lesão, a fim de evitar seu desenvolvimento através da prevenção e realizar o tratamento adequado.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Este trabajo analiza organizaciones comunitarias de abastecimiento de agua, sus repercusiones (simbólicas, políticas y técnicas) y su posibilidad de articulación y complementariedad con la gestión estatal del servicio del agua. Para ello, se seleccionaron tres organizaciones comunitarias del servicio del agua, también conocidas como “acueductos comunitarios”, en la ciudad de Villavicencio, en Colombia. Localizada donde la cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos se encuentra con la región conocida como Llanos Orientales, en el centro del país, Villavicencio posee 531.275 habitantes y ha experimentado fuertes transformaciones urbanas y socioeconómicas en los últimos veinte años. El principal prestador del servicio de abastecimiento de agua en la ciudad es la Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Villavicencio (EAAV), una empresa municipal que ha sido criticada por presentar diversas deficiencias técnicas y administrativas, tales como cortes prolongados en el servicio. En este contexto, una multiplicidad de prestadores, privados y comunitarios, han surgido en el tejido urbano, poniendo en entredicho la idea de que el modelo de distribución universal e industrial de agua constituye un monopolio natural y la vía única -e idónea – para la prestación del agua en las ciudades. Por medio de una metodología de investigación-acción, este trabajo, llevado a cabo entre 2017 y 2022, empleó diversos procedimientos metodológicos cualitativos como la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas, censos comunitarios y talleres participativos. Orientada por la ecología política, el enfoque de los “bienes comunes”, propio de la Teoría de la Acción Colectiva (Ostrom, 2011), y las reflexiones de Dardot y Laval (2010, 2015) sobre “lo común” como un proceso político, esta investigación levanta tres reflexiones principales. Primero, se interroga sobre la pertinencia técnica y los efectos sociales del gran sistema de redes de infraestructura de agua. Segundo, aunque los acueductos comunitarios también presentan conflictos y dificultades, se reconoce la gestión comunitaria del servicio del agua como estrategia de abastecimiento flexible, participativa y contestataria, donde las organizaciones comunitarias han dado origen, además, a movimientos sociales más amplios que cuestionan los principios -normativos e ideológicos – que sustentan la gestión del servicio del agua en Colombia. Tercera, y como propuesta general de este trabajo, se señala la posibilidad de articular la acción pública con estrategias comunitarias de abastecimiento de agua de escala local, forjando nuevos paradigmas de gestión del servicio de agua, más democráticos, más sostenibles y más pertinentes para la realidad de las ciudades. This research analyzes community water supply organizations, their effects (symbolic, political and technical), as well as possibilities of articulation and complementarity with public management. For this purpose, three community water service organizations were selected in the city of Villavicencio, Colombia. Located where the eastern mountain range of the Colombian Andes meets the region known as Llanos Orientales, in the center of the country, Villavicencio has 531,275 inhabitants and has undergone strong urban and socioeconomic transformations in the last twenty years. The main provider of water supply services in the city is the Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Villavicencio (EAAV), a public company that has been criticized for various technical and administrative deficiencies, such as extended service cuts. In this context, a multiplicity of private and community providers have emerged in the urban area, challenging the idea that the universal and industrial water distribution model is a natural monopoly and the only - and ideal - way for water supply in the cities. Through an action research methodology, this work, carried out between 2017 and 2022, employed various qualitative methodological procedures such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, community censuses and participatory workshops. Guided by the political ecology approach, the "commons" perspective of the Theory of Collective Action (Ostrom, 2011), and Dardot and Laval's (2010, 2015) arguments about "the common" as a political process, this research raises three main considerations. First, it questions the technical relevance and social effects of the "big system" of water infrastructure networks. Second, although community water organizations also present conflicts and difficulties, they can be recognized as a flexible and more democratic supply model, where community organizations have also given rise to broader social movements that question the principles - normative and ideological - that underpin the water services management in Colombia. Third, and as a general proposal of this research, it suggests the possibility of articulating public action with community water supply strategies at a local scale, forging new paradigms of water service management that are more democratic, more sustainable and more relevant to the reality of the cities.

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de pacientes com Skin Tears em internação hospitalar para subsidiar o planejamento do cuidado de enfermagem. Método: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal em um hospital de ensino do município de São Paulo. A coleta foi realizada nos meses de setembro de 2021 a abril de 2022, com análise quantitativa. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 34 pacientes, com prevalência do sexo masculino, com média de 66,3 anos de idade, 44% internados em UTI com maior predominância de causa de internação por infecção. Neste estudo, 17 pacientes eram portadores de Hipertensão Arterial e 74,7% faziam uso de miscelânia de medicamentos cotínuo. Entre os pacientes, 79,4% possuíam edema, 41,2% realizavam hidratação corporal, 88,2% não deambuavam, 94% necessitavam de auxílio para mudança de decúbito e 26 pacientes estavam acamados. Os exames laboratoriais dos indicaram alterações na proteína C reativa, hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas. O dispositivo médico de maior prevalência foi o catéter venoso central/diálise (64,7%), a lesão por pressão esteve presente 42 pacientes (123,5%) e a lesão por fricção de maior incidência, utilizando a classificação STAR, foi a da classe 1 a (23,5%), sendo na metade dos pacientes presente nos membros superiores (50%). Conclusão: No presente estudo foi possível identificar as principais características do paciente com Skin Tears e a necessidade da informação e aprimoramento do conhecimento pelo enfermeiro sobre esse tipo de lesão, a fim de evitar seu desenvolvimento através da prevenção e realizar o tratamento adequado.

The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can exert a negative impact in social participation in affected older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether social participation in older adults with AD is associated with disease stage and cognitive function as well as the quality of life and depressive symptoms in their caregivers. A correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 older adults with AD (28 women and 12 men) and 40 caregivers (30 women and 10 men). Social participation was assessed using the 'social participation' domain of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire. Disease stage was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and cognitive function was assessed using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. Quality of life and depressive symptoms in the caregivers were evaluated using the Quality of Life Assessment Scale on Alzheimer's Disease and Beck Depression Inventory respectively. The older adults with AD had a mean percentage of 59.4% on the social participation domain and a mean score of 49.0 for cognitive function. The caregivers had mean scores of 39.1 for quality of life and 9.9 for depressive symptoms. The stepwise backward multiple linear regression model indicated that the predictors analysed together explained 48% of the variability in social participation among older adults with AD. Therefore, lower social participation among older adults with AD is associated with more advanced stages of the disease and cognitive decline in these individuals as well as a lower perception of quality of life and greater levels of depressive symptoms in their caregivers.

El mundo está viviendo una etapa de importantes transformaciones tecnológicas conocida como la cuarta revolución industrial. En este marco histórico, el sector industrial colombiano deberá superar los retos que supone la convergencia de sistemas virtuales y físicos para crear procesos inteligentes, flexibles, eficientes, y más competitivos. Para lograr la transformación a la industria 4.0, es necesario capacitar profesionales alineados con las nuevas tecnologías y con habilidades transversales. Este trabajo presenta el proyecto del desarrollo tecnológico que se llevará a cabo entre la Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) y la empresa Diseño y Automatización Industrial (DAUTOM SAS) enfocado en el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de una plataforma IIoT de formación de profesionales en tecnologías de la cuarta revolución industrial. Se describen las características deseadas y los elementos que componen la plataforma, así como las etapas del proyecto, sus beneficios para la industria y la academia, y sus potenciales aportes innovadores.

Mixing acerola pulp with whey, a by-product of the dairy industry, led to this study, whose aim was the development of a powdered beverage mix of acerola pulp, whey and maltodextrin (DE20). To determine the proportions of the mixture, a simplex-centroid mixture design was used. Different proportions of the mixture were dehydrated in a spray dryer at 175 °C. The results were evaluated in relation to hygroscopicity, moisture and ascorbic acid. Higher proportions of whey and pulp increased hygroscopicity and moisture, while maltodextrin reduced these parameters. An increase in pulp content raised the levels of ascorbic acid. The proportions (m m-1) of 50% acerola pulp, 25% whey and 25% maltodextrin resulted in significantly lower hygroscopicity (8.25 g 100 g-1) and moisture (1.66%), and appreciable levels of ascorbic acid (1492.49 g 100 g-1). The results indicated that the powder obtained shows good stability after 75 days of storage, with 9.20%, 1.79% and 1146.13 g 100 g-1 of hygroscopicity, moisture and ascorbic acid respectively. RESUMO A mistura de polpa de acerola com soro lácteo, subproduto da indústria de laticínios, conduziu a base deste trabalho, cujo objetivo foi desenvolver uma bebida composta em pó de polpa de acerola, soro lácteo e maltodextrina (dextrose equivalente 20). Para determinação das proporções da mistura foi utilizado um delineamento de misturas de tipo Simplex Centroide. Diferentes proporções da mistura foram desidratadas em secador tipo spray dryer à 175 ºC. Os resultados foram avaliados em relação a higroscopicidade, umidade e ácido ascórbico. Maiores proporções de soro e polpa, elevaram a higroscopicidade e umidade, enquanto que a maltodextrina reduziu estes parâmetros. O aumento do teor de polpa elevou os valores de ácido ascórbico. Proporções (m m-1) de 50% polpa de acerola, 25% soro lácteo e 25% maltodextrina, resultaram em higroscopicidade (8,25 g 100g-1) e umidade (1,66 %) significativamente baixos e valores apreciáveis de ácido ascórbico (1492, 49 g 100g-1). Os resultados indicaram que o pó obtido possui boa estabilidade após 75 dias de armazenamento com 9,20 %, 1,79 % e 1146,13 g 100 g-1 de higrocopicidade, umidade e ácido ascórbico, respectivamente.

In the Paris agreement about climate change, it was established that greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 0% in order to avoid irreversible damage, so the world economy based on fossil fuels must undergo a transformation towards an economy clean, safe and sustainable. As a result, it has been established that the only alternative that guarantees 0% emissions of polluting gases is the economy of hydrogen. Countries such as the Netherlands, the United States, and the European Union have projected policy towards 2050 that expects to meet the objectives set out in the Paris agreement. In this document shows the different alternative fuels that are currently being proposed to mitigate polluting emissions, as well as the overview of these fuels in Colombia, and how, from the different renewable energy sources that this country has, could venture economically and politically towards economy based on the use of hydroxy and hydrogen as a raw material and energy source, showing its possible applications. The foregoing will allow to identify the potential of application of these fuels in the energy matrix of Colombia and define policies to accelerate their implementation.Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Energy Policy, Alternative Fuels, Hydrogen, Renewable Energy.JEL Classifications: L78, L90, O31, Q20DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8395

Background Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have difficulty with activities that require the upper extremities secondary to deficits in strength and range of motion, spasticity, and poor timing and coordination of movement. This study aimed to identify and compare timing and coordination of the trunk and upper extremity in children with and without CP during a functional task. Methods Eighteen children, N = 9 with CP and N = 9 with typical development were enrolled. Participants were seated in a standard chair and instructed to drink from a glass placed at a distance of 75% of available arm length. The task was divided into 3 Phases: 1) reaching to the glass, 2) transporting the glass to the mouth, and 3) returning the glass to the table. The spatiotemporal and angular variables were analyzed with 3D kinematics of movement using a 4-camera Qualysis Motion System. Findings Children with CP demonstrated poor upper extremity timing and coordination. Despite significant trunk displacement used as a compensation in Phase 1, children with CP demonstrated a significantly lower mean velocity and velocity peak during Phases 2 and 3; and demonstrated less straight motion which required more time and movement units in all phases. Interpretation Children with CP demonstrated poor upper extremity timing and coordination when drinking (even when they successfully completed the task) measured by more trunk displacement, slower, less straight movements, and more movement units. Current rehabilitation strategies could consider training speed and use functional tasks that require different strategies across multiple phases.

This study determined the ratio between glenohumeral and three-dimensional scapular motion during arm elevation and lowering in 91 individuals without shoulder pain. Scapular kinematics were assessed using an electromagnetic tracking device. Individuals performed 3 repetitions of elevation and lowering of the arm in the sagittal plane. Two-way ANOVAs (interval: 30-60°, 60-90°, 90-120° x phase: elevation and lowering) and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. For scapular internal/external rotation, lesser scapular internal rotation contribution was found during the 60-90° interval as compared to the 90-60° interval. Lesser scapular external rotation was identified in the 60-30° interval of arm lowering. The ratio was greater during arm elevation (1.89) compared to lowering (1.74) across the entire motion arc. For scapular upward rotation, greater upward rotation contribution was observed during arm elevation at the 30-60° interval, and less scapular downward rotation contribution in the final range of arm lowering. For scapular tilt, lesser scapular posterior tilt contribution during arm elevation was observed compared to arm lowering. The ratios between glenohumeral elevation/lowering and each individual scapulothoracic motion showed either differences between intervals and/or between elevation and lowering during specific intervals in healthy individuals.

Desde principios del siglo XX la ingeniería de los tejidos ha desarrollado múltiples estudios relacionados como respuesta a la búsqueda de biomateriales similares al tejido óseo, intentando encontrar solución a los fracasos de implantación. Dentro de los biomateriales más importantes y con mayor sustento científico que existe, se encuentra la hidroxiapatita (HA). El objetivo de este artículo es revisar conceptos básicos y la evidencia en torno al uso de HA en odontología. La aplicación clínica de HA ha mostrado excelentes resultados, en ambientes tanto in vitro como in vivo, convirtiéndose en una excelente alternativa como coadyuvante en la cicatrización, mostrando óptimos resultados respecto a la calidad ósea, para terapias periodontales, elevaciones de seno o rehabilitaciones sobre implante.El objetivo de este artículo es revisar conceptos básicos y evidencia en torno al uso de HA como recubrimiento en odontología.

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative and absolute reliability of assessment tests addressing body structure and function and activity in older adults with dementia. Methods Medline, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Scielo were searched from inception until March 2021. Two independent reviewers performed the selection process based on titles, abstracts, and full text. Reliability studies of assessment tests in older adults with dementia were included. Methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist. Relative reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) interpreted based on Munro classification. Absolute reliability was analyzed using the minimal detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement. Results Fifteen studies involving a total of 560 older adults with dementia were included. Nineteen assessment tests were identified: 13 addressing body structure and function (muscle strength, postural balance, cardiorespiratory fitness) and 6 addressing activity (walking and mobility). Studies determined test–retest and interrater reliability. Fifteen studies evaluated relative reliability using the ICC, with values ranging from no or small correlation to very high correlations. Ten studies evaluated absolute reliability using the MDC or standard error of measurement or both. Conclusion Relative reliability of the assessment tests for body structure and function and activity was high to very high based on ICCs, demonstrating good reproducibility. Regarding absolute reliability, the analysis of the MDC values revealed the need for substantial change to determine that a real change had occurred. Future investigations should consider the type of dementia and standardization of verbal encouragement during the assessment. Impact This review identified the good reproducibility of assessment tests of body structure and function (muscle strength, postural balance, cardiorespiratory fitness) and activity (walking and mobility) domains in older adults with dementia. Clinically important values may differ when older adults with dementia of diverse etiologies are analyzed together and older adults specifically with Alzheimer disease. Identifying the type of dementia, analyzing types of dementia separately, and standardizing verbal commands during the execution of tests is of considerable clinical importance for this population of older adults.