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Despite such a wide and comprehensive psychological and psychophysiological examination of recruits in modern professional selection systems both in the armies of NATO countries and Ukraine, the effectiveness of the process is insufficient. To identify the reasons for the insufficient prognostic effectiveness of modern psychophysiological methods, a study was made of the variability in the organization of brain structures to ensure the speed of a simple sensorimotor reaction (PSMR) of a high level as a basic characteristic of the functional state of the central nervous system. As a result of a survey of 54 servicemen of different specialties, it was found that the same indicators of the state of psychophysiological functions are provided by different strategies for their implementation. Electroencephalograms were recorded when military personnel performed a computer test to determine the speed of PSMR. It was revealed that at approximately the same rate of PSMR, different brain structures were activated in servicemen. Since the same PSMR value can be realized by different neural networks, what we do not detect during psychophysiological testing, but later on under stress, load, etc. military personnel may exhibit different behavioral strategies. Such types of behaviour make it possible to achieve the best results in various types of activity and correspond to the profiles of different military specialties, and vice versa, it can be assumed that neural networks of approximately the same type can implement somewhat different indicators of psychophysiological functions. The same psychophysiological profile can correspond to different profiles of military specialties and vice versa, several psychophysiological profiles can correspond to one specialty, since approximately the same values of psychophysiological functions can be realized by different neural networks. Therefore, psychophysiological testing should be supplemented with neurophysiological testing, since it allows revealing the internal features of the organization of the brain and predicting the further behavior of servicemen.

To discover age-related changes in the simple sensorimotor reaction (SSMR), choice reaction (CR), functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) and brain productivity (BP), as well as to determine the stress index (SI) of regulatory systems during performance of these tests. Forty-seven healthy volunteers, representatives of military professions, aged 18–54 were divided into three groups (first group – 18–23 years, n=16; second group – 24– 34 years, n=19; third group – 35–54 years, n=12) and performed original computer tests to determine SSMR, CR, FMNP and BP. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in parallel. Although the rate of SSMR and CR did not differ for participants of three groups, the SI was significantly higher in the third group, compared with the first group (p

According to the analysis of recent domestic and foreign publications on the professional suitability of military personnel, the current state of the human resources policy implementation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires improvement, focusing on enhancing the efficiency of fulfilling duties corresponding to the military occupational speciality. Therefore, there is no doubt about the importance of improving approaches to the professional psychophysiological selection of military personnel at the moment. It is due to the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Labor Protection" states that "a person shall be admitted to perform high-risk works and works requiring a professional selection upon a conclusion of a psychophysiological expertise". The conclusion reflects "the person's compliance (non-compliance) with the requirements of specific activities in strenuous and (or) dangerous conditions in terms of professionally important psychophysiological qualities". It should also be mentioned that modern military operations where the personnel perform complex missions with considerable risk in conditions of extreme uncertainty and danger require the military personnel a high intensity of making adequate and prompt decisions characterized by a considerable level of readiness to perform the assigned missions and accompanied by a significant physical and emotional load. Therefore this personnel should undergo a thorough evaluation of professionally important qualities to determine their professional suitability to perform the assigned missions, including in combat conditions. In any high-risk profession, the professional activity is performed due to individuals possessing slightly different psychophysiological and psychological profiles of professionally important qualities. Such service personnel can successfully perform the job of a specific professional activity. Justifying this conclusion is of great importance for the further improvement of professional selection techniques. The authors conducted a study to analyze and justify the hypothesis that there are equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities among individuals with the same level of professional suitability and developed suggestions for improving the professional selection techniques accordingly. The outcome of the study is the justification and development of a new paradigm for the professional selection of military personnel whose work is associated with increased danger. A new element in this paradigm is the statement that there are many equipotential professional profiles providing the basis for the successful professional activity of service personnel with different categories of professional suitability. The authors have formulated and justified the hypothesis that in every profession burdened with hazardous work, there are objectively individuals with the same professional suitability category who have equipotential profiles of professionally important qualities. New technology for developing the criteria of professional suitability of persons whose work is associated with increased danger has been suggested thereby. Using such profiles will allow improving the quality of the professional selection.

We examined the latent periods (LP) of simple sensorimo- tor reaction (SSMR) and peculiarities of brain connectiv- ity during carrying out tests on SSMR in the group of veterans of Joint Forces Operation (JFO) and in military men-patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To this aim, we used a computer test with coherent analysis of EEG. Differences in brain activation were analyzed by LORETA method. It was shown that the speed of SSMR in the group of JFO veterans was significantly lower than in the con- trol group. The LP of SSMR in the group of JFO veterans were 279 ms vs 258 ms in the control group. Comparative analysis of SSMR LP in the group of JFO veterans and in the group with PTSD as well as group with mTBI did not reveal significant differences. The EEG study and coherent analysis showed a significant decrease in the brain connectivity in the group of JFO veterans compared to control group, especially in the low frequency ranges. There were no significant differences in brain activation between the JFO veterans, PTSD and mTBI patients, but JFO veterans had significantly lower activation of cu- neus, middle occipital gyrus and lingual gyrus compared to control group. Conclusively, in order to detect hidden brain lesions, an additional medical examination may be recommended for JFO veterans.

Physical education and sports for people with disabilities are the areas of physical and social rehabilitation. The im- plementation of this can be possible through the use of an inclusive approach in the training process of athletes with disabilities. Anthropometric measurements and testing of athletes with disabilities were conducted to determine the impact of an inclusive approach in the construction of the training process. The main purpose of this research was to demonstrate the positive impact of inclusive training sessions within the developed program on the development of the physical abilities of athletes with disabilities. The research used theoretical (analysis of scientific and methodologi- cal literature; analysis of sports programs for athletes with disabilities), empirical (pedagogical observation; pedagog- ical experiment) methods, as well as methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the research showed a positive impact from the training on the developed karate program for people with disabilities. It also presented the increase of the testing results in the exercises “Sit and reach test”, “Standing long jump” and “Abdominal crunches”.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary challenge for all countries and affects the psychological wellbeing of healthcare professionals working with people suffering from COVID-19 and puts them at a high risk of mental health problems. The aim of the study was to identify stress-related factors that affect the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine.A total of 1098 Ukrainian healthcare workers were surveyed using an online questionnaire consisting of questions relating to a) socio-demographic characteristics; b) perceptions of the COVID-19 related situation; and c) stress and protective factors. Respondents were divided into two groups, depending on whether they provided care to the patients with COVID-19 or not.Of the 1087 healthcare workers, 863 (79.4%) were found to have anxiety / fear caused by the COVID-19. No significant difference was detected between professionals who did and did not provide personal assistance to patients with COVID-19 concerning anxiety / fear related to COVID-19 (p=0.0776). Based on logistic regression model (χNegative risk perception, high consumption of COVID-19 news, and shortage of staff in health care facilities were significant predictors of anxiety / fear caused by the COVID-19.

Despite the high importance of small business for the development of economic systems, it faces a number of difficulties due to its size. These circumstances have attracted the attention of the scientific community. As the dynamics of the number of publications on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises shows, scientists around the world are interested in a wide range of issues. The purpose of this article was to analyze the evolution of research fronts and identify key research topics, the current knowledge base and influential publications of Russian and foreign scientists. We used the freeware product CiteSpaceV to conduct our research. To analyze the publications, we used the ISI Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database, the selected time interval was from 1997 to 2020. As a result of this study, eight major clusters in the field of SME development were identified according to foreign publications; only one cluster was identified according to Russian publications. A comparison of research fronts on foreign publications with Russian topics can become the basis for forecasting promising research areas.

The aim: To study the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in Ukraine. Materials and methods: 1087 healthcare workers across all regions of Ukraine completed an online questionnaire. Respondents were divided into two groups: A – 863 (79.4%), В – 224 (20.6%), according to whether or not they experienced anxiety/fear related to COVID-19. Results: Such factors as risk of contracting COVID-19, news of new cases, insufficient staff in healthcare facilities, risk of transmission of COVID-19 to family or friends, risk of death from COVID-19, the threat of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with high level of anxiety/fear among healthcare workers. Factors that facilitate coping with stress included absence of Covid-19 cases among staff, recovering patients, availability of gear and protective equipment and absence of COVID-19 infected among loved ones, relieving stress (relaxation, going info sports and so on), communication with family and friends to relieve stress and get support, avoidance of COVID-19 media reports in particular on deaths connected cases, getting information about the spread of Covid-19 only from legitimate sources. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study indicate an urgent need for the development and implementation of preventive and rehabilitation measures aimed at stabilizing the psycho-emotional state of health workers and improving the quality of care in the special conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Achieving these goals will be facilitated by taking into account the specifics of the response to COVID-19 and measures to reduce the effects of stress while enhancing the effects of stressors among health care workers.

Die hereditaren Netzhautdystrophien (IRD; inherited retinal diseases) sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Krankheiten – unter anderem Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Lebersche kongenitale Amaurose (LCA) und Netzhautdystrophie mit fruhem Krankheitsbeginn (EO[S]RD; early-onset [severe] retinal dystrophy) –, die sich hinsichtlich der Schwere der Krankheit und des Alters bei Krankheitsbeginn unterscheiden. IRD konnen durch Mutationen in >250 verschiedenen Genen hervorgerufen werden. Varianten des RPE65-Gens sind die Ursache fur 0,6–6% aller Falle von RP und fur 3–16% der Falle von LCA/EORD. Voretigen Neparvovec ist eine Gentherapie, die zur Behandlung von Patienten mit autosomal-rezessiver Retinadystrophie infolge biallelischer RPE65-Varianten ( RPE65-IRD) zugelassen ist. Die korrekte molekulare Diagnostik ist daher bei RPE65-IRD von entscheidender Bedeutung, um therapeutisch nutzbare, d. h. potenziell von der Therapie profitierende Genotypen zu identifizieren, und sie ist eine tragende Saule des Patientenmanagements. Es sind bereits Hunderte von RPE65-Varianten bekannt, und wahrend ein Teil als pathogen oder wahrscheinlich pathogen identifiziert werden konnte, ist die Signifikanz anderer Varianten noch unklar. In dieser Ubersichtsarbeit beschreiben wir das erforderliche gendiagnostische Vorgehen, um diejenigen Patienten auszuwahlen, die die Voraussetzungen fur die Behandlung mit Voretigen Neparvovec erfullen. Die sorgfaltige klinische Charakterisierung der Patienten durch interdisziplinare Expertenteams in Kombination mit der Verfugbarkeit von Next-Genera­tion-Sequenzierung kann den Zugang der Patienten zu verfugbaren Therapieoptionen beschleunigen.

Neurological and psychiatric side effects accompany the high-dose interferon-alpha (IFNA) therapy. The primary genes responsible for these complications are mostly unknown. Our genome-wide search in mouse and rat genomes for the conservative genes containing IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) in their promoters revealed a new potential target gene of IFNA, Grin3α, which encodes the 3A subunit of NMDA receptor. This study aimed to explore the impact of IFNA on the expression of Grin3α and Ifnα genes and neurotransmitters endo/exocytosis in the mouse brain. We administered recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b (rhIFN-α2b) intracranially, and 24 h later, we isolated six brain regions and used the samples for RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Synaptosomes were isolated from the cortex to analyze endo/exocytosis with acridine orange and L-[14C]glutamate. IFNA induced an increase in Grin3α mRNA and GRIN3A protein, but a decrease in Ifnα mRNA and protein. IFNA did not affect the accumulation and distribution of L-[14C]glutamate and acridine orange between synaptosomes and the extra-synaptosomal space. It caused the more significant acridine orange release activated by NMDA or glutamate than from control mice's synaptosomes. In response to IFNA, the newly discovered association between elevated Grin3α expression and NMDA- and glutamate-evoked neurotransmitters release from synaptosomes implies a new molecular mechanism of IFNA neurotoxicity.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of homocysteine in the blood associated with multiple human pathologies including preeclampsia – the most feared complication of pregnancy, with placenta playing the central role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The developing placenta is highly sensitive to different adverse factors but its response to hyperhomocysteinemia is not fully clear. Previously we have demonstrated the activation of reactions of methionine cycle and the transsulfuration pathway in placental explants cultivated with homocysteine. The reactions of the methionine cycle are tightly connected with reactions of the folate cycle, encompassing reactions ofde novopurine biosynthesis, which are crucial for the developing placenta, as they support rapid ATP generation to maintain energy status and increased biosynthesis of macromolecules. The sensitivity ofde novopurine biosynthesis to hyperhomocysteinemia is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of homocysteine on placentalde novopurine biosynthesis.MethodsWe developed a simplified method to measure the level of all and newly formed purines by HPLC/ESI-MS, using a stable isotope glycine to label newly synthesized purines. The developed method proved to be highly sensitive, interday repeatable and intraday reproducible. We applied a method for placental explants from the first and third trimesters of gestation and MCF7 cells cultivated with 20 μM and 40 μM homocysteine corresponding to its concentrations at mild and intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia.ResultsThe developed method proved to be highly sensitive, interday repeatable and intraday reproducible. The content of total purines in placental explants from the first trimester of gestation was around 9.0 μmol/g wet tissues at specified conditions of cultivation. The newly formed purines comprised around 1 % of total purines, decreased steadily in explants cultivated with 20 μM and 40 μM homocysteine, and reached the values characteristic for explants from third trimester cultivated without homocysteine, 4.0 μmol/g wet tissues. The effect of homocysteine reproduced with MCF7 cells.ConclusionHomocysteine in concentrations characteristic of mild and intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia induces the down regulation ofde novopurine biosynthesis in placental explants, and implies the shift of metabolic pathway to homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration at the expense ofde novopurine biosynthesis.

Young people in all countries are an important factor of the socio-economic development and renewal of economic life. The aim of this study was to determine the value orientations of young people and their interrelation with the human potential development in the region. The questionnaire survey was the principal method used in the study. An important result was the exposed non-compliance of the value profile of a part of young people with the existing moral and ethical standards of society, the mismatch between the disclosed values and the existing stereotypes. To solve the identified problems, higher school teachers are recommended to use the coaching method in their teaching practice, with an application project described in the paper. The scientific relevance of the study is the substantiation of a new approach to the adjustment of the value orientation of young people through additional training, which will contribute to the development of the human potential in the region.

Water-soluble analogue of quercetin, corvitin is used in patients with myocardial infarction as blocker of 5-lipoxygenase. However, its effects on secretion, lipid content and physico-chemical properties of bile have not been understood yet. We investigated the effect of corvitin, applied in different doses, on the level of bile flow, the content of bile free and esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, triacylglycerols, and free fatty acids. In order to determine stability of the bile colloidal system, we examined the relationship between different lipid components. The rats were injected intraportally with a bolus of corvitin. At doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, the latter increased bile flow and concentration of total cholates, as well as free fatty acids. Corvitin (5 mg/kg) elevated phospholipids and cholesterol content, but at a dose of 10 mg/kg it increased the concentration of bile cholesterol esters and triacylglycerols. Corvitin applied at doses of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg increased total cholates/cholesterol ratio, but at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the drug reduced cholesterol / esterified cholesterol ratio. The results suggest that corvitin exerts choleretic effect and improves stability of bile colloidal system.

Purine nucleotides serve as immediate building blocks for the synthesis of RNAs and DNA, energy carriers and co-substrates in the activation of many metabolites, regulators in cellular metabolism, and signaling molecules. Knowledge of the actual tissue-specific concentration of these metabolites and their synthesis rate is essential to studies focused on a tissue-specific metabolic rewiring in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including carcinogenesis. The existing data mainly characterize the purine concentration in body fluids and malignant cells. The protocols for estimating de novo purine biosynthesis usually required the usage of radioactive precursors and costly facilities like HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. We developed a new simplified method to measure the level of purines by HPLC/ESI-MS, using a stable isotope glycine to label and measure newly synthesized purines. The developed method proved to be highly sensitive, interday repeatable, and intraday reproducible. We applied the method to measure purine concentration and the rate of purine synthesis in placental explants from the first and third trimesters of gestation and MCF7 cells cultivated with 20 μM and 40 μM homocysteine. Corresponding homocysteine concentration is typical for breast cancer and pregnancy-associated complications affecting the human placenta. The content of total purines in placental explants from the first trimester of gestation was around 9.0 μmol/g wet tissues at specified cultivation conditions. The newly formed purines comprised approximately 1% of total purines and decreased steadily in explants cultivated with 20 mM and 40 μM homocysteine. They reached the values characteristic for explants from the third trimester grown without homocysteine, 4.0 μmol/g wet tissues. In MCF7 cells, the newly formed purines comprised around 50% of total purines and decreased under homocysteine treatment. A low-cost mass spectrometry-based approach may be used to estimate the level and the rate of purine synthesis in eukaryotes’ tissues in a wide range of purines concentrations.

Research, the results of which were reflected in an article, was carried on in regards to some very relevant issues in Russian and the world – determining contemporary research fronts for Russia integration into global value chains, which in the conditions of an information society differs from the existing international division of labor. The difference in the material presented is defined by its emphasis on the economic foundation for effective Russia integration into global value chains by means of analyzing added cost in gross export. Furthermore, to process a massive amount of data, a software product was used called CiteSpace, which is a supplement to Java and encompasses methods of visualizing information, bibliometrics, and algorithms of intellectual data analysis. As a result, contemporary research fronts were determined and the distinction of priority trends in developing contemporary research fronts in Russia with an aim to work Russia into global value chains.

Russian Abstract: Статья посвящена анализу особенностей текстильной промышленности России, оценке динамики и перспектив ее развития и поиску путей преодоления кризисных явлений в данной отрасли на основании возможностей ее инновационного развития. Подчеркивается, что текстильная промышленность относится к категории отраслей индустриального экономического уклада. Это ограничивает возможности инновационного развития в рамках традиционных подходов и требует разработки специализированной программы антикризисного управления текстильной промышленностью. В статье изложены базовые пункты данной программы.English Abstract: This article analyzes the characteristics of the textile industry in Russia, assessing the dynamics and prospects of its development and find ways to overcome the crisis in the industry based on the capabilities of its innovative development. It is stressed that the textile industry is classified as an industrial sectors of economic structure. This limits the possibilities of innovation development in the framework of traditional approaches and requires the development of a specialized program of crisis management of the textile industry. The article outlines the basic points of the program.

Russian Abstract: Определение перспективных направлений исследований в различных областях знаний является очень важным фактором в современных условиях среди большого потока информации, что обеспечивает повышение уровня научного развития. Особое внимание должно быть уделено изучению молодежи из-за ее важности для развития экономических систем. Исследования в области молодежи имеют давнюю традицию, и, начиная с 2006 года количество исследований ежегодно увеличивается. Целью статьи является выявление исследовательских фронтов в области развития молодежи на основе российского и зарубежного опыта. Web of Science и Scopus были использованы в качестве информационной базы. Был использован программный продукт Cite Space для идентификации научно-исследовательских фронтов и их визуализации. Наши результаты показали, что существуют различия между научными направлениям в России и других странах, которые вызваны принципиально различным уровнем развития. Результаты нашего исследования могут быть основой прогнозирования перспективных направлений исследований.English Abstract: Identifying promising areas of research in different fields of knowledge is a very important factor that contributes to increase the level of scientific development in modern conditions among a large information flow. Special attention shall be paid to studies of youth because of its importance for the development of economic systems. Researches in the field of youth have a long tradition and since the 2008s this field has grown significantly. The purpose of this article is the identification of advanced research in the field of the youth on the basis of Russian and foreign experience. Web of Science and Scopus were used as an information base. We used specific methods for identification of research fronts that include Cite Space for the definition and visualization of research fronts. Our results showed that there are differences between research areas in Russia and other countries that are caused by fundamentally different level of development. The results of our study can be the basis of forecasting perspective directions of research.

Russian Abstract: В статье определены проблемы разработки и реализации государственных программ развития. Обоснована необходимость использования лучших практик управления проектами. Разработан и рассмотрен поэтапно алгоритм сравнительного анализа практик управления проектами в области разработки и реализации программ и проектов регионального развития.English Abstract: The problems of working-out and implementation of government development programs are defines in this article. The need to use the best practices of project management is justified. Developed and reviewed in stages algorithm project management best practices in the working-out and implementation of regional development programs and projects.

Employment in small business sector is an essential factor in improving quality of life (QOL) for a region. Successful small businesses require human, financial, technological investments and result in improved QOL. Small business and entrepreneurship is now commonly seen as the primary engine of economic development. Small business creates new workplaces, reduce unemployment payments and reduce crime in regions. An aging population pared with depopulation result in increased cost of benefits like pension payments which adversely impact the Russian national budget. Stimulation of secondary employment (employment for retired) in small business sector can result in improved QOL for the elderly. Problems of unemployment can be solved mostly through small business development. The objective of this research is to evaluate a relationship between employment in small business sector and QOL in 78 Russian regions. The regression model was used for an empirical analysis. The results show that there is an effect of employment in small business sector on QOL at a reasonable level. The findings and analysis revealed that employment in small business sector has a positive effect on QOL in all Russian regions analyzed.

Russian Abstract: Обоснована необходимость использования современных методов управления творческим потенциалом персонала на предприятии. Выявлены проблемы развития творческой активности. Определены стратегии управления творческим потенциалом и механизмы их реализации.English Abstract: Necessity of modern management methods use in creative potential of the personnel at the enterprise is proved. Problems of creative activity development are revealed. Management strategy in creative potential and mechanisms of their realization are defined.

This article has been written to emphasize the significant role of small businesses in the development of different countries’ economy. It defines the condition and various issues of small businesses’ functioning in Russia and demonstrates the consequences of its oversight. The author’s evaluation system for small business development is also provided from a regional standpoint. Also presented are the results of cluster analysis, the analysis goes on to discuss the strategic trends of small business in Russia, and it proposes mechanisms and instruments for its implementation depending on a region’s attractiveness and competitiveness for small businesses.

The article covers the subject of maximizing efficiency in planning and implementation of programmes of regional development. The main drawbacks of programme measures and their criteria are identified. Principles of development of programmes promoting project management for government authorities are suggested and examined.

Changing dynamics of the Russian economy, use of reproductive mechanisms to accelerate the transition to sixth technological order and ensuring of the modernization course in general sense are impossible without complex implementation of optimal investment and resource transformations at the level of the Federation members. Meanwhile one of the most important aspects of these transformations in national and regional perspectives is a structural one that implies the reasonable definition of promising types of economic activity for the purpose of the efficient dispersal of financial investments.