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Particulate films and coatings have received growing attention in a wide range of optical applications, mainly those that involve passive heating and cooling strategies (e.g., cool coatings for textiles and roofing). They provide a promising sustainable solution, not only in terms of performance but also in terms of cost and feasibility for serious environmental issues such as the Urban Heat Island effect.Accurate prediction of radiation transfer, on the other hand, is a key factor in the design and development of particulate media with predetermined optical properties. This prediction is classified into two categories: analytical and numerical methods, which necessitate the consideration of various aspects. Accordingly, this paper highlights the significant effect of pigment particles on the light scattering behavior of particulate media and explores the influence of parameters that can tune the efficiency of radiation transfer. It also reviews the advancements achieved in this topic across different investigated models to pave the way for newer developments in the design of particulate films and coatings for optical applications.

The knowledge of the occurrence of the result means the customary knowledge of the perpetrator as a result of his committed behavior is one of the constituent elements of the spiritual element in restricted crimes. This is referred to in indirect law as indirect or subordinate intent, while its essential and independent role in the intent of the outcome should not be overlooked. As in cases where the perpetrator of the world to the occurrence of the result, has no intention of the result. This poses a serious challenge to setting a standard for the knowledge of the occurrence of the result and makes the importance of studying it in Iranian criminal law a necessity. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes. In some cases, it is difficult to distinguish between intentional and unintentional crimes.

Evidence suggests that engaging in physical activity improves the mental and physical health of transplant recipients. An opportunity to be more active could be participating in the national and international network of Transplant Games. Although the literature on motivations for and the experience of taking part in the Games is available, little is known about what role applied practitioners, specifically sport and exercise psychologists could play as transplant recipients prepare and compete. This paper offers perspectives on the provision of a sports performance well-being service delivered at the British Transplant Games. The paper consists of several sections. The first offers background and how the service came into being. The second provides details of the model and philosophy that underpinned the service delivery. The third includes the trainee and exercise practitioner's casework and the challenges therein. Informed by the team's reflections and post-games survey the final section proposes recommendations for future applied sport and exercise services at this unique event.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile systemic vasculitis that affects children. Further research is required due to the disease's significance, consequences, and increasing prevalence. This study aimed to determine the frequency of coronary artery complications in patients with KD referred to Taleghani Hospital (Gorgan, Iran) from 2007 to 2017. Methods: Between 2007 and 2017, 108 cases with a definitive diagnosis of KD were studied retrospectively. Data were obtained from medical records and the patients' biographical, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and echocardiographic data. Results: A total of 108 patients diagnosed with KD were involved in the study, 21 (19.44%) of whom showed coronary artery-associated complications. There was no significant difference in clinical and laboratory findings and coronary artery involvement between male and female groups (P-value < 0.05). Left coronary artery (LCA) involvement and the pattern of vascular involvement as ectasia and aneurysm were significantly higher in the echocardiography of the studied patients (P-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Kawasaki disease-related coronary artery complication is more common in children under the age of 3, particularly males, in Gorgan. The LCA is the most common site of coronary artery complications in KD children. The findings can improve the prognosis of KD patients and their related heart diseases.

The response to the complicated issue of the scope of self-ownership has shed light on the issues like unnecessary cosmetic surgery, gender reassignment surgery, and organ transplant in the convicts of execution. From the viewpoint of Islamic jurisprudential doctrines, there are a myriad of disagreements over the subject of whether men are the owners of their organs or not. The resulted approach is that Islamic viewpoint, contrary to western ideologies which are humanistic, does not completely accept self-ownership. From the viewpoint of Islamic jurisprudence, freedom of men and their dominance on their body is an axiom but cannot expose them to unreasonable harm. From the standpoint of western legal theory, the proponents of self-ownership believe men are the owners of their organs and thus maintain that this law faces some limitations in the framework of natural law. Moreover, they hold that criminalization of unreasonable harm to self is not to be justified. In contrast, those who believe in the moral patriarchal theory object to self-ownership and justify the criminalization of such conducts. The present article analyzes the afore-mentioned standpoints through a descriptive method and then compares unreasonable cosmetic surgery in the criminal law of Iran with those of England andؤ

Abstract Little is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in rewiring the metabolism within tumours and adjacent non-tumour bearing normal tissue and their potential in cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and metabolic components in murine duodenal polyps and non-polyp-derived organoids (mPOs and mNPOs) from a double-mutant Apc Min Fbxw7∆G mouse model of intestinal/colorectal cancer (CRC). We analysed the expression of 373 miRNAs and 12 deregulated metabolic genes in mPOs and mNPOs. Our findings revealed miR-135b might target Spock1. Upregulation of SPOCK1 correlated with advanced stages of CRCs. Knockdown of miR-135b decreased the expression level of SPOCK1, glucose consumption and lactic secretion in CRC patient-derived tumours organoids (CRC tPDOs). Increased SPOCK1 induced by miR-135b overexpression promoted the Warburg effect and consequently antitumour effect of 5-fluorouracil. Thus, combination with miR-135b antisense nucleotides may represent a novel strategy to sensitise CRC to the chemo-reagent based treatment.

Abstract Background Recent epidemiological studies suggest that reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes. However, these associations have not been thoroughly studied in the African populations. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BC molecular subtypes and assess their association with reproductive factors in Tanzanian BC patients. Methods This hospital-based case-only cross-sectional study consisted of 263 histologically confirmed BC patients in Tanzania. Clinico-pathological data, socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and reproductive risk factors were examined using the Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The association among reproductive factors and BC molecular subtypes was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The heterogeneity of the associations was assessed using the Wald test. Results We found evident subtype heterogeneity for reproductive factors. We observed that post-menopausal status was more prevalent in luminal-A subtype, while compared to luminal-A subtype, luminal-B and HER-2 enriched subtypes were less likely to be found in post-menopausal women (OR: 0.21, 95%CI 0.10–0.41, p = 0.001; OR: 0.39, 95%CI 0.17–0.89, p = 0.026, respectively). Also, the luminal-B subtype was more likely to be diagnosed in patients aged ≤ 40 years than the luminal-A subtype (OR: 2.80, 95%CI 1.46–5.32, p = 0.002). Women who had their first full-term pregnancy at

Digital devices are increasingly being used in the colour measurement of textile‐made materials. Proper scanner characterisation is crucial for accurate and consistent colour measurement. In the present study a fuzzy inference system based on subtractive clustering, called FIS_SC method, for the colorimetric characterisation of a scanner to measure the colour of the fabrics in a small region of a colour space is proposed. The results of the proposed method for 16 colour sets were obtained and compared with the results of the scanner characterisation using polynomial regression and neural network method. It was shown that the FIS_SC method successfully characterised the scanner in the small colour space, so that its mean of the colour difference was lower than the polynomial regression and neural network methods in almost all colour sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess whether impaired vestibular perception of self‐motion is a risk factor for unsteadiness and falls in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods: 113 participants (65–75 years old) with T2D underwent tests of roll and pitch discrimination, postural stability (Berg Balance Scale, Modified Romberg Test, and quantitative posturography), clinical examination and blood chemistry analyses. Falls 1‐year after enrolment were self‐reported. We performed cluster analysis based on the values of the vestibular motion thresholds, and logistic stepwise regression to compare the clinical‐biochemical parameters between clusters. Results: We identified two clusters (VC1 n = 65 and VC2 n = 48 participants). VC2 had significantly (p < 0.001) higher (poorer) thresholds than VC1: mean pitch threshold 1.62°/s (95% CI 1.48–1.78) in VC2 and 0.91°/s (95% CI 0.84–0.98) in VC1, mean roll threshold 1.34°/s (95% CI 1.21–1.48) in VC2 and 0.69°/s (95% CI 0.64–0.74) in VC1. Diabetes duration was significantly (p = 0.024) longer in VC2 (11.96 years, 95% CI 9.23–14.68) than in VC1 (8.37 years, 95% CI 6.85–9.88). Glycaemic control was significantly (p = 0.014) poorer in VC2 (mean HbA1c 6.74%, 95% CI 6.47–7.06) than in VC1 (mean HbA1c 6.34%, 95% CI 6.16–6.53). VC2 had a significantly higher incidence of postural instability than VC1, with a higher risk of failing the Modified Romberg Test C4 (RR = 1.57, χ2 = 5.33, p = 0.021), reporting falls during follow‐up (RR = 11.48, χ2 = 9.40, p = 0.002), and greater postural sway in the medio‐lateral direction (p < 0.025). Conclusions: Assessing vestibular motion thresholds identifies individuals with T2D at risk of postural instability due to altered motion perception and guides vestibular rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorption of solar radiations (especially near infrared region) is the reason for solar heating the surface of object and increasing its temperature. To avoid this undesirable heating, it is possible to use some special nanopigments that can reflect the solar radiation in the near-infrared spectrum. Consequently, the thermal regulation and cooling property of fabric as a result of the surface coating is really important. This work studies the possibility of using Visible, NIR and SWIR reflective coatings on polyester fabric to reduce surface temperature when irradiated with solar radiations. Polyester fabrics were dyed with disperse dye and coated with TiO2 nanopigment with different diameters and concentrations. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and heat box were used to characterize the coating process. Obtained results indicate that, the lower surface temperature was recorded by applying the TiO2 nanopigment on polyester fabric and selected materials can considerably increase the thermal regulation and cooling property of the polyester fabric. The pristine (white) and colored polyester fabric coated with TiO2 (500 nm diameter, 3 gr/L) has the highest reflectance throughout the NIR and SWIR regions of solar radiation. The treated polyester fabric respect to pristine polyester fabric exhibits reasonable cooling power and about 4 °C thermal regulation and cooling. Based on the obtained results by heat box system, the thermal regulation and cooling property as the temperature difference between pristine and coated fabric were increased with increasing the diameter and concentration of TiO2 nanopigments. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to study the effect of physical characteristics of TiO2 nanopigments (size and concentration) on the optical parameters as color difference (ΔE), reflectance factor (R) and reflectance function (K/S) and thermal regulation and cooling property as the temperature difference (ΔT). The obtained results indicate that there are good relationship and correlation between the NIR and SWIR reflectance and cooling properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Severe critical illness-induced immune suppression, termed immunoparalysis, is associated with longer duration of organ dysfunction in septic children. mRNA studies have suggested differential benefit of hydrocortisone in septic children based on their immune phenotype, but this has not been shown using a functional readout of the immune response. This study represents a secondary analysis of a prospectively conducted immunophenotyping study of pediatric severe sepsis to test the hypothesis that hydrocortisone will be differentially associated with clinical outcomes in children with or without immunoparalysis. Methods Children with severe sepsis/septic shock underwent blood sampling within 48 h of sepsis onset. Immune function was measured by quantifying whole blood ex vivo LPS-induced TNFα production capacity, with a TNFα response

BackgroundCritical injury has been associated with reduction in innate immune function in adults, with infection risk being related to degree of immune suppression. This relationship has not been reported in critically injured children.HypothesisInnate immune function will be reduced in critically injured children, and the degree of reduction will predict the subsequent development of nosocomial infection.MethodsChildren (≤18 years old) were enrolled in this longitudinal, prospective, observational, single-center study after admission to the pediatric intensive care unit following critical injury, along with a cohort of outpatient controls. Serial blood sampling was performed to evaluate plasma cytokine levels and innate immune function as measured by ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production capacity.ResultsSeventy-six critically injured children (and 21 outpatient controls) were enrolled. Sixteen critically injured subjects developed nosocomial infection. Those subjects had higher plasma interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels on posttrauma days 1-2 compared with those who recovered without infection and outpatient controls. Ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α production capacity was lower on posttrauma days 1-2 (P = 0.006) and over the first week following injury (P = 0.04) in those who went on to develop infection. A TNF-α response of less than 520 pg/mL at any time in the first week after injury was highly associated with infection risk by univariate and multivariate analysis. Among transfused children, longer red blood cell storage age, not transfusion volume, was associated with lower innate immune function (P < 0.0001). Trauma-induced innate immune suppression was reversible ex vivo via coculture of whole blood with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.ConclusionsTrauma-induced innate immune suppression is common in critically injured children and is associated with increased risks for the development of nosocomial infection. Potential exacerbating factors, including red blood cell transfusion, and potential therapies for pediatric trauma-induced innate immune suppression are deserving of further study.

Evidence suggests that engaging in physical activity improves the mental and physical health of transplant recipients. An opportunity to be more active could be participating in the national and international network of Transplant Games. Although the literature on motivations for and the experience of taking part in the Games is available, little is known about what role applied practitioners, specifically sport and exercise psychologists could play as transplant recipients prepare and compete. This paper offers perspectives on the provision of a sports performance well-being service delivered at the British Transplant Games. The paper consists of several sections. The first offers background and how the service came into being. The second provides details of the model and philosophy that underpinned the service delivery. The third includes the trainee and exercise practitioner's casework and the challenges therein. Informed by the team's reflections and post-games survey the final section proposes recommendations for future applied sport and exercise services at this unique event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparency and comprehensiveness are obvious features of an efficient law. The legislators under Article 151 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013, explicitly mentioned the punishment for Duressor in the crimes punishable by Ta'zir, while explaining the punishment for direct offenders in crimes. The concluding part of the above mentioned provision stipulates: "In crimes punishable with Hadd and retaliation (Qisas) matters shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of law." Duress in felony under the subject matters in Articles 375-380 of the Act is described in more exhaustive detail than the previous law. However, punishment of Duressor for crimes of Hadd is only referred to in offenses of pederasty, gay, and lesbian, in the assumption of duress by one of the parties to the crime. The legislators just like in the previous legislations on punishment of Duressor in other offenses of Hadd and Bilateral offenses of Hadd, is silent. The vast majority of Islamic jurisprudents believe that punishment of Hadd is inapplicable to Duressor in the above hypothesis. In contrast to the common view, the writers believe that imposing sentences of Hadd on the Duressor is feasible in crimes that can be attributed to the Duressor.

Background: Healing bone involves osteoconductive and osteoinductive components as well as a scaffold with adequate porosity to allow good cell infiltration. Materials and Methods: Herein, cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction potential of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous electrospun scaffold with different electron microscopy, MTT assay, DAPI and alizarin porosities (35%-90%) and chemical bonding was assessed through scanning red S staining, calcium content and alkaline phosphatase assay. Moreover, the relative expression of three important osteogenic-related genes Col I, RUNX 2 and osteocalcin was studied. Results: Covalent bonding played a more significant osteogenic role in scaffolds in scaffolds with lower porosity, namely H35cov. Although low porosity limits cell infiltration, substrate with lower porosities were easier to handle. On the other hand, substrates with higher porosity showed higher levels of cell proliferation, mineralization as well as osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion: Results indicated that PCL scaffold with higher porosity degree up to 90%, covalently functionalized by collagen, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was a good candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Abstract Carcinomas are complex heterocellular systems containing epithelial cancer cells, stromal fibroblasts, and multiple immune cell‐types. Cell‐cell communication between these tumor microenvironments (TME) and cells drives cancer progression and influences response to existing therapies. In order to provide better treatments for patients, we must understand how various cell‐types collaborate within the TME to drive cancer and consider the multiple signals present between and within different cancer types. To investigate how tissues function, we need a model to measure both how signals are transferred between cells and how that information is processed within cells. The interplay of collaboration between different cell‐types requires cell‐cell communication. This article aims to review the current in vitro and in vivo mono‐cellular and multi‐cellular cultures models of colorectal cancer (CRC), and to explore how they can be used for single‐cell multi‐omics approaches for isolating multiple types of molecules from a single‐cell required for cell‐cell communication to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells. Integrating the existing single‐cell signaling measurements and models, and through understanding the cell identity and how different cell types communicate, will help predict drug sensitivities in tumor cells and between‐ and within‐patients responses.

In this study, the prediction of CMYK digital values and inversion of forward characterization models have been investigated using a genetic algorithm (GA). First, the forward characterization of the printer is performed and the optimum n-values in YNSN and spectral n-value models are obtained. The optimum n-values are used for the prediction of CMYK digital values, and the effective area coverages are obtained by GA. Then, the effective area coverages are converted in to CMYK digital values. The results show that the forward characterization of the printer by spectral n-value is better than others. Also, the best result of CMYK digital values prediction is obtained by GA using spectral n-value as the objective function. So, the quality of forward characterization model is one of the important factors in color matching by GA using inversion of the forward characterization models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, several Cys2-His2 (C2H2) domain-containing proteins have emerged as critical players in repairing DNA-double strand breaks. Human FLYWCH1 is a newly characterised nuclear transcription factor with (C2H2)-type zinc-finger DNA-binding domains. Yet, our knowledge about FLYWCH1 is still in its infancy. This study explores the expression, role and regulation of FLYWCH1 in the context of DNA damage and repair. We provide evidence suggesting a potential contribution of FLYWCH1 in facilitating the recruitment of DNA-damage response proteins (DDRPs). We found that FLYWCH1 colocalises with γH2AX in normal fibroblasts and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. Importantly, our results showed that enforced expression of FLYWCH1 induces the expression of γH2AX, ATM and P53 proteins. Using an ATM-knockout (ATMKO) model, we indicated that FLYWCH1 mediates the phosphorylation of H2AX (Ser139) independently to ATM expression. On the other hand, the induction of DNA damage using UV-light induces the endogenous expression of FLYWCH1. Conversely, cisplatin treatment reduces the endogenous level of FLYWCH1 in CRC cell lines. Together, our findings uncover a novel FLYWCH1/H2AX phosphorylation axis in steady-state conditions and during the induction of the DNA-damage response (DDR). Although the role of FLYWCH1 within the DDR machinery remains largely uncharacterised and poorly understood, we here report for the first-time findings that implicate FLYWCH1 as a potential participant in the DNA damage response signaling pathways.

Background: Paying attention to sexual dysfunction and its coping strategies is essential owing to its impact on mental health in postmenopausal women and their families. This study aimed to determine the relationship between women coping strategies toward the process of menopause and sexual dysfunction in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 233 married menopausal women were sampled in the first 5 years after cessation of menstrual cycle using health records in the health centers in Isfahan in 2015. The method of data collection was a demographic characteristics form, sexual function questionnaire of Rosen et al., along with a researcher-made coping strategies questionnaire. The validity and reliability of these instruments were assessed, and the resulting data were analyzed utilizing inferential statistical tests (t-test and Chi-square test) and SPSS 16 software. Results: According to the results of this study, the relative frequency of sexual dysfunction in menopausal women is 67.42%. The mean score of the avoidance strategy in people with overall sexual dysfunction was significantly higher than the group without disorder (P < 0.001). The mean of coping strategies of social support seeking (P < 0.001), problem-solving (P = 0.016), and target replacement strategy (P = 0.004) were significantly lower than that in the group without disorder. Conclusions: In line with the findings of this study, problem-oriented strategies such as social support, problem solving, and target replacement are the best strategies for decreasing sexual dysfunction or increasing sexual satisfaction. These results emphasize the reinforcement of health personnel skills in teaching approach of these strategies to this group of women.