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An incisional hernia is a typical long-term consequence of abdominal surgery. The majority of surgeons advise that these hernias be repaired as soon as they are identified. As a result, there was a need to study the disease condition and its many manifestations, as well as to assess the level of awareness among the patients who came to us and to decide the appropriate treatment modality in our facility. The following operative procedures were adopted in our study: 1. Prosthetic mesh repair (onlay) 2. Anatomical suture repair 3. IPOM 4. Open PCST In our study the age of the patient ranges from 25 years to 70 years. The mean age was 48.36 years (SD ± 11.00). In our present series of 36 cases of incisional hernia, 23 were female patients (63.89%) and 13 were males (36.11%). The male: female ratio was found to be 1: 1.76. Laparotomy were a major contributing procedure for Incisional hernia comprising of 21 (58.3%) cases out of 36 Incisional hernia cases, followed by gynecological operations 12(33.4%) cases, 2(5.6%) case of Open Cholecystectomy and 1(2.8%) case of Open Appendicectomy. Out of gynecological surgeries, major contributing surgeries were LSCS 10(27.8%) cases, Hysterectomy 2(5.6%) cases. Incisional hernias have a maximum diameter of the hernial defect in our study 12 cm. 2 cases of small incisional hernias were repaired by IPOM. There were 36 cases of incisional hernia comprising whose maximum diameter of the hernial sac is between 5 to 10 cm. 30 of these cases were repaired by open onlay mesh repair. In these cases, laparotomy followed by adhesiolysis, reduction of content, onlay mesh placement and closure of abdominal incision with suture was done. There was one case of incisional hernia whose diameter was more than 12 cm where open PCST was attempted with sublay mesh repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Savonius-like hydrokinetic turbine (SAHT) in low-speed flow streams of perennial rivers is not much explored. In this paper, a triple-bladed double-stage SAHT is designed, and its performance is investigated for low flow speeds within 0.45-0.65 m/s under the effect of blade overlapping (within 10-20% in each stage), turbine diameter (within 208-234 mm), and without and with space between the stages (5.0 mm) at different operating speed ratios. Different combinations of design and operating input parameters are studied to obtain a reliable assessment of SAHT performance. After analyzing the results, the best conditions of input parameters and output performance parameters are reported in their nondimensional forms for future use of the obtained results. The torque produced by the turbine increased with the applied brake load, leading to its maximum value at the highest brake load 0.83 times the maximum load. The highest coefficient of performance is obtained as 0.086 at a space 0.25 times the maximum space (i.e. 20 mm), overlapping 15%, brake load 0.83 times the maximum load, tip speed ratio 0.276. And for this, the corresponding power 0.85 times the maximum power (i.e. 0.201 W) at free-stream flow speed of 0.85 times the maximum flow speed (i.e. 0.65 m/s) is obtained. The present turbine with space and overlapping exhibits better performance than some available SAHT designs of single/double stage, two-blade/multi-blade with/without overlap configurations. The novelty of the work is that an improved SAHT has been developed for low-flow speed perennial river applications in the band of low tip speed ratios by combining design conditions like double-stage, space between stages, and overlapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green spaces provide environmental ameliorates by reducing air pollution, mitigating urban heat island effects, and cooling urban areas. The present study aimed to assess the urban green spaces along with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and land surface temperature of 41 wards of Chittagong City Corporation in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2020. The study revealed a dramatic increase in the urban green coverage in the Chittagong City Corporation areas during 20 years of time-lapse. The total urban green space increased by 58.09%, from 4488.85 ha in 2000 to 7096.42 ha in 2020. Thus, per-capita green coverage increased from 0.003 ha to 0.004 ha. The time series analysis shows that the annual mean value of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index increased to 0.46 in 2020 from 0.44 in 2000, which indicates a rise in green areas in the Chittagong City Corporation. The time series analysis also shows a gradual increase in the annual mean temperature from 2000 through 2020. During this time frame, the annual mean temperature in 2000 was 29.46°C, while it was 30.41°C in 2020. The study findings will help urban planners build this city sustainably, considering the concept of a healthy and eco-friendly city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study is to experimentally analyze the thermal performance of an all-glass evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) with an innovative heat exchanger design by employing TiO2-H2O nanofluid as a heat transmission fluid. Different higher volume concentration (v/c) of TiO2 nanoparticles, i.e. 0.83%, 0.9%, and 0.94% are examined to explore the impact of the nanofluids on the ETSC performance in comparison with only water based ETSC. An outdoor experimental investigation has been carried out using nanofluid at 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 l/min volumetric rates of flow and its impact using serpentine copper tube coil having uniform pitch distance of 14.3 cm with aluminum fins attached on both side of coil having diameter 12 mm and thickness 1 mm, respectively. The study indicates that thermal performance of ETSC increases with the rise in volumetric flow rate with higher v/c of nanoparticles. For this condition, the temperature rise of water using nanofluid is higher than simple water-based ETSC system, recording an increase in outlet temperature by 4.21%. The maximum thermal efficiency obtained is 52.33% at 0.9% v/c and 0.8 l/min. A comparative assessment between the obtained results and some of the published results reveals that by using serpentine copper coil attached with aluminum fins, with higher concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles and maintaining higher volumetric flow rate, thermal efficiency of ETSC can be much improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]