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1. Plasma 1H-NMR metabolic and amino acid profiles of newborn piglets from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake

Author

Laurence Liaubet, Camille Guilmineau, Gaëlle Lefort, Yvon Billon, Sébastien Reigner, Jean Bailly, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laure Gress, Rémi Servien, Agnès Bonnet, Hélène Gilbert, Nathalie Vialaneix, and Hélène Quesnel

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Together with environmental factors, physiological maturity at birth is a major determinant for neonatal survival and postnatal development in mammalian species. Maturity at birth is the outcome of complex mechanisms of intra-uterine development and maturation during the end of gestation. In pig production, piglet preweaning mortality averages 20% of the litter and thus, maturity is a major welfare and economic concern. Here, we used both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches to provide a deeper understanding of the maturity in a model of lines of pigs divergently selected on residual feed intake (RFI), previously shown to have contrasted signs of maturity at birth. Analyses were conducted on plasma metabolome of piglets at birth and integrated with other phenotypic characteristics associated to maturity. We confirmed proline and myo-inositol, previously described for their association with delayed growth, as potential markers of maturity. Urea cycle and energy metabolism were found more regulated in piglets from high and low RFI lines, respectively, suggesting a better thermoregulation ability for the low RFI (with higher feed efficiency) piglets.

Published
2023
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2. Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding

Author

Bara Lo, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Hélène Manse, Carole Bannelier, Céline Bravo, Renaud Domitile, and Hervé Rémignon

Subjects
Foie gras, hypoxia, oxidative stress, cell death, mule duck, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

The “Foie gras” or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.

Published
2020
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3. Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weight duck foie gras.

Author

Bara Lo, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Helene Manse, Cecile Canlet, Renaud Domitile, and Herve Remignon

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Understanding the evolution of fatty liver metabolism of ducks is a recurrent issue for researchers and industry. Indeed, the increase in weight during the overfeeding period leads to an important change in the liver metabolism. However, liver weight is highly variable at the end of overfeeding within a batch of animals reared, force-fed and slaughtered in the same way. For this study, we performed a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis on two classes of fatty liver samples, called low-weight liver (weights between 550 and 599 g) and high-weight liver (weights above 700 g). The aim of this study was to identify the differences in metabolism between two classes of liver weight (low and high). Firstly, the results suggested that increased liver weight is associated with higher glucose uptake leading to greater lipid synthesis. Secondly, this increase is probably also due to a decline in the level of export of triglycerides from the liver by maintaining them at high hepatic concentration levels, but also of hepatic cholesterol. Finally, the increase in liver weight could lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism associated with a significant increase in the level of oxidative stress. However, all these hypotheses will have to be confirmed in the future, by studies on plasma levels and specific assays to validate these results.

Published
2022
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4. Application of Metabolomics to Identify Hepatic Biomarkers of Foie Gras Qualities in Duck

Author

Zohre Mozduri, Bara Lo, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Ali Akbar Masoudi, Julien Arroyo, Mireille Morisson, Cécile Canlet, Agnès Bonnet, and Cécile M. D. Bonnefont

Subjects
liver, quality, biomarker, metabolomics, foie gras, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Foie gras is a traditional dish in France that contains 50 to 60% of lipids. The high-fat content of the liver improves the organoleptic qualities of foie gras and reduces its technological yield at cooking (TY). As the valorization of the liver as foie gras products is strongly influenced by the TY, classifying the foie gras in their potential technological quality before cooking them is the main challenge for producers. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify hepatic biomarkers of foie gras qualities like liver weight (LW) and TY. A group of 120 male mule ducks was reared and overfed for 6–12 days, and their livers were sampled and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Eighteen biomarkers of foie gras qualities were identified, nine for LW and TY, five specific to LW, and four specific to TY. All biomarkers were strongly negatively correlated to the liver weights and positively correlated to the technological yield, except for the lactate and the threonine, and also for the creatine that was negatively correlated to foie gras technological quality. As a result, in heavy livers, the liver metabolism was oriented through a reduction of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, and the plasma membrane could be damaged, which may explain the low technological yield of these livers. The detected biomarkers have been strongly discussed with the metabolism of the liver in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Published
2021
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5. Identification of Plasmatic Biomarkers of Foie Gras Qualities in Duck by Metabolomics

Author

Zohre Mozduri, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Bara Lo, Ali Akbar Masoudi, Mireille Morisson, Cécile Canlet, Julien Arroyo, Agnès Bonnet, and Cécile M. D. Bonnefont

Subjects
liver, foie gras, quality, biomarker, plasma, metabolomics, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

The foie gras is an emblematic product of French gastronomy composed of waterfowl fatty liver. The organoleptic qualities of this product depend on the liver characteristics such as liver weight (LW) and technological yield (TY) at cooking. One of the main issues for producers is to classify the foie gras with high or low technological quality before cooking them. Thus the study aims at identifying biomarkers of these characteristics with non-invasive biomarkers in duck. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton) analyses were performed on plasma of male mule ducks at different time points during the overfeeding period to obtain a large range of liver characteristics so as to identify plasmatic biomarkers of foie gras. We used two methods, one based on bucket data from the 1H-NMR spectra and another one based on the fingerprints of several metabolites. PLS analyses and Linear models were performed to identify biomarkers. We identified 18 biomarkers of liver weight and 15 biomarkers of technological yield. As these two quality parameters were strongly correlated (−0.82), 13 biomarkers were common. The lactate was the most important biomarker, the other were mainly amino acids. Contrary to the amino acids, the lactate increased with the liver weight and decreased with the technological yield. We also identified 5 biomarkers specific to LW (3 carbohydrates: glucuronic acid, mannose, sorbitol and 2 amino acids: glutamic acid and methionine) that were negatively correlated to liver weight. It was of main interest to identify 2 biomarkers specific to the technological yield. Contrary to the isovaleric acid, the valine was negatively correlated to the technological yield.

Published
2021
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6. Proteomic Analysis of Two Weight Classes of Mule Duck 'foie gras' at the End of an Overfeeding Period

Author

Bara Lo, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Carole Pichereaux, Céline Bravo, Hélène Manse, Renaud Domitile, and Hervé Rémignon

Subjects
“foie gras”, proteomic, liver weight, mule duck, oxidative stress, cell death, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

The weight of the liver is one of the important selection criteria in the quality of “foie gras”. This factor is highly variable despite the fact that individuals are reared, overfed and slaughtered in the same way. In this study, we performed an analysis of the proteome profile of two weight classes of light (between 550 and 599 g) and heavy (more than 700 g) livers. For the analysis of the proteic extracts, a liquid chromatographic analysis coupled with mass spectrometry was carried out. In low-weight livers, aerobic energy metabolism, protein metabolism and lipid metabolism oriented toward export and beta-oxidation were overexpressed. On the contrary, high weight livers were characterized by anaerobic energy metabolism and a more active protein catabolism associated with cell apoptosis and reorganization of the cell structure.

Published
2020
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7. Evaluation of the Links between Lamb Feed Efficiency and Rumen and Plasma Metabolomic Data

Author

Florian Touitou, Flavie Tortereau, Lydie Bret, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Didier Marcon, and Annabelle Meynadier

Subjects
residual feed intake, NMR, plasma, rumen, multivariate analysis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Feed efficiency is one of the keystones that could help make animal production less costly and more environmentally friendly. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used criterion to measure feed efficiency by regressing intake on the main energy sinks. We investigated rumen and plasma metabolomic data on Romane male lambs that had been genetically selected for either feed efficiency (line rfi−) or inefficiency (line rfi+). These investigations were conducted both during the growth phase under a 100% concentrate diet and later on under a mixed diet to identify differential metabolite expression and to link it to biological phenomena that could explain differences in feed efficiency. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and correlations between metabolites’ relative concentrations were estimated to identify relationships between them. High levels of plasma citrate and malate were associated with genetically efficient animals, while high levels of amino acids such as L-threonine, L-serine, and L-leucine as well as beta-hydroxyisovalerate were associated with genetically inefficient animals under both diets. The two divergent lines could not be discriminated using rumen metabolites. Based on phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI), efficient and inefficient animals were discriminated using plasma metabolites determined under a 100% concentrate diet, but no discrimination was observed with plasma metabolites under a mixed diet or with rumen metabolites regardless of diet. Plasma amino acids, citrate, and malate were the most discriminant metabolites, suggesting that protein turnover and the mitochondrial production of energy could be the main phenomena that differ between efficient and inefficient Romane lambs.

Published
2022
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8. Deciphering mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of general production and liver quality traits in the overfed mule duck by pQTL analyses

Author

Yoannah François, Alain Vignal, Caroline Molette, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Stéphane Davail, Laurence Liaubet, and Christel Marie-Etancelin

Subjects
Quantitative Trait Locus, Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis, Melting Rate, Chicken Genome, Quantitative Trait Locus Detection, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms that underlie phenotypic quantitative trait loci (QTL) in overfed mule ducks by identifying co-localized proteomic QTL (pQTL). The QTL design consisted of three families of common ducks that were progeny-tested by using 294 male mule ducks. This population of common ducks was genotyped using a genetic map that included 334 genetic markers located across 28 APL chromosomes (APL for Anas platyrhynchos). Mule ducks were phenotyped for 49 traits related to growth, metabolism, overfeeding ability and meat and fatty liver quality, and 326 soluble fatty liver proteins were quantified. Results One hundred and seventy-six pQTL and 80 phenotypic QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wide significance threshold. The great majority of the identified pQTL were trans-acting and localized on a chromosome other than that carrying the coding gene. The most significant pQTL (1% genome-wide significance) were found for alpha-enolase on APL18 and fatty acid synthase on APL24. Some proteins were associated with numerous pQTL (for example, 17 and 14 pQTL were detected for alpha-enolase and apolipoprotein A1, respectively) and pQTL hotspots were observed on some chromosomes (APL18, 24, 25 and 29). We detected 66 co-localized phenotypic QTL and pQTL for which the significance of the two-trait QTL (2t-QTL) analysis was higher than that of the strongest QTL using a single-trait approach. Among these, 16 2t-QTL were pleiotropic. For example, on APL15, melting rate and abundance of two alpha-enolase spots appeared to be impacted by a single locus that is involved in the glycolytic process. On APLZ, we identified a pleiotropic QTL that modified both the blood level of glucose at the beginning of the force-feeding period and the concentration of glutamate dehydrogenase, which, in humans, is involved in increased glucose absorption by the liver when the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 gene is mutated. Conclusions We identified pleiotropic loci that affect metabolic pathways linked to glycolysis or lipogenesis, and in the end to fatty liver quality. Further investigation, via transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, is required to confirm the biomarkers that were found to impact the genetic variability of these phenotypic traits.

Published
2017
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9. Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weights duck foie gras

Author

Hervé Rémignon, Renaud Domitile, Hélène Manse, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Cécile Canlet, and Bara Lo

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Cholesterol, Glucose uptake, Fatty liver, Lipid metabolism, Metabolism, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, Endocrinology, Liver metabolism, Internal medicine, medicine, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Understanding the evolution of fatty liver metabolism of ducks is a recurrent issue for researchers and industry. Indeed, the increase in weight during the overfeeding period leads to an important change in the liver metabolism. However, liver weight is highly variable at the end of overfeeding within a batch of animals reared, force-fed and slaughtered in the same way. For this study, we performed a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis on two classes of fatty liver samples, called low-weight liver (weight between 550 and 599 g) and high-weight liver (weight above 700 g). The aim of this study was to identify the differences in metabolism between two classes of liver weight (low and high). Firstly, the results showed that increased liver weight is associated with higher glucose uptake leading to greater lipid synthesis. Secondly, this increase is probably also due to a decline in the level of export of triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver by maintaining them at high hepatic concentration levels. Finally, the increase in liver weight could lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism associated with a significant increase in the level of oxidative stress.

Published
2021
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10. Joint Automatic Metabolite Identification and Quantification of a Set of

Author

Gaëlle, Lefort, Laurence, Liaubet, Nathalie, Marty-Gasset, Cécile, Canlet, Nathalie, Vialaneix, and Rémi, Servien

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Metabolome, Metabolomics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract

Metabolomics is a promising approach to characterize phenotypes or to identify biomarkers. It is also easily accessible through NMR, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolome of any living organisms. However, the analysis of

Published
2021

11. Identification of Plasmatic Biomarkers of

Author

Zohre, Mozduri, Nathalie, Marty-Gasset, Bara, Lo, Ali Akbar, Masoudi, Mireille, Morisson, Cécile, Canlet, Julien, Arroyo, Agnès, Bonnet, and Cécile M D, Bonnefont

Subjects
Physiology, quality, biomarker, foie gras, liver, metabolomics, plasma, Original Research
Abstract

The foie gras is an emblematic product of French gastronomy composed of waterfowl fatty liver. The organoleptic qualities of this product depend on the liver characteristics such as liver weight (LW) and technological yield (TY) at cooking. One of the main issues for producers is to classify the foie gras with high or low technological quality before cooking them. Thus the study aims at identifying biomarkers of these characteristics with non-invasive biomarkers in duck. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton) analyses were performed on plasma of male mule ducks at different time points during the overfeeding period to obtain a large range of liver characteristics so as to identify plasmatic biomarkers of foie gras. We used two methods, one based on bucket data from the 1H-NMR spectra and another one based on the fingerprints of several metabolites. PLS analyses and Linear models were performed to identify biomarkers. We identified 18 biomarkers of liver weight and 15 biomarkers of technological yield. As these two quality parameters were strongly correlated (−0.82), 13 biomarkers were common. The lactate was the most important biomarker, the other were mainly amino acids. Contrary to the amino acids, the lactate increased with the liver weight and decreased with the technological yield. We also identified 5 biomarkers specific to LW (3 carbohydrates: glucuronic acid, mannose, sorbitol and 2 amino acids: glutamic acid and methionine) that were negatively correlated to liver weight. It was of main interest to identify 2 biomarkers specific to the technological yield. Contrary to the isovaleric acid, the valine was negatively correlated to the technological yield.

Published
2020

12. Joint automatic metabolite identification and quantification of a set of 1H NMR spectra

Author

Gaëlle Lefort, Cécile Canlet, Laurence Liaubet, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Rémi Servien, Nathalie Vialaneix, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), SubPig project funded by INRAE metaprogram fund GISA, ANR-16-CONV-0004,DIGITAG,Institut Convergences en Agriculture Numérique(2016), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
Computer science, Metabolite, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Analytical Chemistry, Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Metabolome, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], 030304 developmental biology, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], 0303 health sciences, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pattern recognition, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 0104 chemical sciences, Identification (information), chemistry, Proton NMR, Biomarker (medicine), Artificial intelligence, Joint (audio engineering), business, Biological system, [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics
Abstract

Metabolomics is a promising approach to characterize phenotypes or to identify biomarkers. It is also easily accessible through NMR, which can provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolome of any living organisms. However, the analysis of 1H NMR spectrum remains difficult, mainly due to the different problems encountered to perform automatic identification and quantification of metabolites in a reproducible way. In addition, methods that perform automatic identification and quantification of metabolites often do it for one given complex mixture spectrum. Hence, when a set of complex mixture spectra coming from the same experiment has to be processed, the approach is simply repeated independently for every spectrum, despite their resemblance. Here, we present a new method that is the first to identify and quantify metabolites by integrating information coming from several complex spectra of the same experiment. The performances of this new method are then evaluated on both simulated and real datasets. The results show an improvement in the metabolite identification and in the accuracy of metabolite quantifications, especially when the concentration is low. This joint procedure is available in version 2.0 of ASICS package.

Published
2020
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13. Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding

Author

C. Bannelier, Bara Lo, Céline Bravo, Hélène Manse, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Hervé Rémignon, Renaud Domitile, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and IDENA

Subjects
Programmed cell death, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], mule duck, Necroptosis, medicine.disease_cause, Metabolism and Nutrition, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Enteral Nutrition, medicine, Animals, oxidative stress, lcsh:SF1-1100, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, hypoxia, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, Foie gras, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Enzyme assay, Fatty Liver, Metabolic pathway, Ducks, cell death, Liver, Apoptosis, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, Steatosis, Biomarkers, Oxidative stress
Abstract

International audience; The "Foie gras" or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways , such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.

Published
2020
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14. Effect of different chilling rates on the quality parameters of mule duck fatty liver

Author

Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Hervé Rémignon, G. Sandri, Sahar Awde, A. Dalle Zotte, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Agripolis, Universita degli Studi di Padova, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
technological yield, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Meat, Time Factors, Food Handling, Proteolysis, Food storage, Internal temperature, 03 medical and health sciences, Food Quality, medicine, Matrix metalloproteases, Animals, Zymography, Food science, fatty liver, proteases, texture, zymography, 030304 developmental biology, Cathepsin, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Cold Temperature, Ducks, Food Storage, Liver, Biochemistry, Peptide Hydrolases, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of chilling rates on the quality features of fatty livers. Three different chilling rates were applied: ultra-fast (UF), fast (FA), and slow (SL). Technological and proteomic results were compared at time T1 when the internal temperature of livers reached 10°C and at time T2 = 24 h post mortem. Samples from the UF group reached the T1 temperature at 50 min post mortem and had the least hard livers and the lowest cooking loss percentage (25 ± 9%) at time T2 = 24 h post mortem (P-value of < 0.01). The FA and SL groups reached the T1 temperature after 120 and 210 min post mortem and presented higher melting (36 ± 9 and 41 ± 9%, respectively, at time T2) and harder livers compared to the UF group. In parallel, we conducted semi-quantifications of proteins by electrophoresis and proteolytic activities by mono-dimensional zymography for three families of proteases: Matrix metalloproteases (MMP), Cathepsins, and Calpains. The proteomic assays revealed less modified proteolytic activities in samples from the UF group, and less associated proteins degradations than in samples from the FA and the SL groups. Effects of the different chilling rates were mainly significant at time T2 (24 h post mortem). As a conclusion we were able to highlight an indirect positive relation between proteolysis and melting yield in ducks' fatty liver.

Published
2015
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15. Deciphering mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of general production and liver quality traits in the overfed mule duck by pQTL analyses

Author

Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laurence Liaubet, Christel Marie-Etancelin, Alain Vignal, Stéphane Davail, Yoannah François, C. Molette, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chicken Genome, Poultry Products, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis, Fatty liver, Melting Rate, Genetic Pleiotropy, General Medicine, alternative model, Ducks, Liver, loci, Female, Quantitative Trait Locus Detection, Glycolysis, Research Article, Quantitative Trait Locus, qtl detection, lcsh:QH426-470, chicken, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetic variation, expression, medicine, Animals, Genetic variability, foie gras, education, Gene, genome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, variability, Lipogenesis, Genetic Variation, Phenotypic trait, medicine.disease, livestock, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, metabolism, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture
Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms that underlie phenotypic quantitative trait loci (QTL) in overfed mule ducks by identifying co-localized proteomic QTL (pQTL). The QTL design consisted of three families of common ducks that were progeny-tested by using 294 male mule ducks. This population of common ducks was genotyped using a genetic map that included 334 genetic markers located across 28 APL chromosomes (APL for Anas platyrhynchos). Mule ducks were phenotyped for 49 traits related to growth, metabolism, overfeeding ability and meat and fatty liver quality, and 326 soluble fatty liver proteins were quantified. Results One hundred and seventy-six pQTL and 80 phenotypic QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wide significance threshold. The great majority of the identified pQTL were trans-acting and localized on a chromosome other than that carrying the coding gene. The most significant pQTL (1% genome-wide significance) were found for alpha-enolase on APL18 and fatty acid synthase on APL24. Some proteins were associated with numerous pQTL (for example, 17 and 14 pQTL were detected for alpha-enolase and apolipoprotein A1, respectively) and pQTL hotspots were observed on some chromosomes (APL18, 24, 25 and 29). We detected 66 co-localized phenotypic QTL and pQTL for which the significance of the two-trait QTL (2t-QTL) analysis was higher than that of the strongest QTL using a single-trait approach. Among these, 16 2t-QTL were pleiotropic. For example, on APL15, melting rate and abundance of two alpha-enolase spots appeared to be impacted by a single locus that is involved in the glycolytic process. On APLZ, we identified a pleiotropic QTL that modified both the blood level of glucose at the beginning of the force-feeding period and the concentration of glutamate dehydrogenase, which, in humans, is involved in increased glucose absorption by the liver when the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 gene is mutated. Conclusions We identified pleiotropic loci that affect metabolic pathways linked to glycolysis or lipogenesis, and in the end to fatty liver quality. Further investigation, via transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, is required to confirm the biomarkers that were found to impact the genetic variability of these phenotypic traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-017-0313-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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16. Multistress effects on goldfish (Carassius auratus) behavior and metabolism

Author

Franck Gilbert, Julie Canal, Séverine Jean, Allison Gandar, Pascal Laffaille, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Climate Change, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Temperature warming, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Stress, Physiological, Goldfish, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Atrazine, Pesticides, Muscle, Skeletal, Global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, General Medicine, Metabolism, Pesticide, Pollution, Zootechnie, Pendimethalin, 030104 developmental biology, Fish, chemistry, Liver, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, Bioturbation, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Crossed effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affects the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental changes. The aim of our study was to assess the individual and crossed effects of temperature rising and pesticide contamination on fish. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, were exposed during 96 h at two temperatures (22 and 32 °C) to a mixture of common pesticides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine- desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin, and tebuconazol) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations MIX1=8.4 μg L−1 and MIX2=42 μg L−1). We investigated the sediment reworking behavior, which has a major ecological functional role. We also focused on three physiological traits from the cellular up to the whole individual level showing metabolic status of fish (protein concentration in liver and muscle, hepatosomatic index, and Fulton’s condition factor). Individual thermal stress and low concentrations of pesticides decreased the sediment reworking activity of fish and entrained metabolic compensation with global depletion in energy stores. We found that combined chemical and thermal stresses impaired the capacity of fish to set up an efficient adaptive response. Our results strongly suggest that temperature will make fish more sensitive to water contamination by pesticides, raising concerns about wild fish conservation submitted to global changes.

Published
2016
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17. Effet du type de maïs en gavage et de la durée de jeûne avant abattage sur les caractéristiques biochimiques et génomiques fonctionnelles du foie gras chez le canard mulard

Author

Cécile Bonnefont, Rawane El Kouba, Marina Travanca, Sebastien Dejean, Alain Vignal, Michel Bouillier-Oudot, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Emmanuelle Labarthe, Hélène Manse, Julien Arroyo, Jean-Pierre Dubois, Didier Viala, Christophe Chambon, Caroline Molette, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association des Eleveurs de Dordogne (Asseldor), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASSELDOR, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, UMR5219, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Qualité des Produits Animaux ( QUAPA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, gavage, maïs, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, généomique, biochimie, jeune, Agricultural sciences, Alimentation et Nutrition, Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

Une période de mise à jeûne des animaux permet de diminuer les risques de contamination des carcasses lors de l’éviscération. Les objectifs de cet essai sont d’étudier en détails les effets de la durée de jeûne et de la digestibilité du maïs sur les performances zootechniques de canards mulards gavés et sur la qualité de leurs foies. Les relations entre ces performances et le métabolisme des foies ont été étudiées. Un lot de 60 canards mulards a été élevé jusqu’à 12 semaines d’âge dans des conditions standards. Puis les canards ont été gavés soit avec du maïs waxy (riche en amylopectine et rapidement digestible) soit avec du maïs témoin. Pour étudier le métabolisme du foie en fonction du type de maïs et de la durée du jeûne, des analyses biochimiques, transcriptomiques et protéomiques ont été réalisées sur les foies obtenus après 9h et 15h de jeûne. Les foies de tous les canards ont un poids équivalent même si le taux de lipides est supérieur après 15h de jeûne (p=0,019). Mais le rendement technologique est supérieur de 7,0 points pour les canards gavés au maïs waxy à 9h de jeûne (p=0,039). Ces différences de rendement technologique semblent s’expliquer par le taux de lipides qui est inférieur de 3,9 points lorsque le maïs waxy est utilisé (p=0,019) et par un niveau d’expression plus élevé des protéines et transcrits impliqués dans la glycolyse et la lipogenèse.

Published
2015

18. Relationship between Proteolytic Activities and Cooking Loss Variability in Liver Issued from Force-Fed Mule Ducks

Author

Kriengkrai Prahkarnkaeo, Sahar Awde, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Hervé Rémignon, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Mahidol University [Bangkok], Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. program, and French Embassy in Thailand

Subjects
Proteases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, proteolytic activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, medicine, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Dry matter, Zymography, fatty liver, 030304 developmental biology, Cathepsin, 0303 health sciences, Protease, Chemistry, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, cooking losses, zymography, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Biochemistry, Lipid content, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Loss rate
Abstract

International audience; We investigated liver protease activities to better understand the mechanisms responsible for losses during the cooking of Mule ducks' fatty livers. Fatty livers of similar masses (520 g) were randomly selected among a large flock of overfed male Mule ducks and divided into two groups on the basis of their cooking loss rate, L+ (high cooking losses, 36%) and L (low cooking losses, 21%). In addition to dry matter and total lipid contents, main hepatic protease (matrix metalloproteinase 2, cathepsins, and calpains) activities were measured by zymography. The results show that L+ samples present higher total relative proteolytic activity (6.15 +/- 1.07 vs 4.46 +/- 0.52 for L+ and L- samples, respectively) and total lipid content (61.0 +/- 3.03% vs 53.7 +/- 3.22% for L+ and L- samples, respectively) than L- samples. The results imply that proteases could be involved in the fragilization of the hepatocyte structure, resulting thus in higher cooking losses in L+ samples.

Published
2014
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19. Proteomic Analysis of Duck Fatty Liver during Post-Mortem Storage Related to the Variability of Fat Loss during Cooking of 'Foie Gras'

Author

Didier Viala, Christophe Chambon, Carole Pichereaux, Laetitia Théron, Michel Rossignol, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Xavier Fernandez, C. Molette, Thierry Astruc, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA, CIFOG, and Region Midi-Pyrenees

Subjects
Proteomics, duck, Food Handling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Breeding, WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY, Protein expression, MUSCLES, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Cooking, Processing plants, BEEF, proteomic, mass spectrometry, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, MEAT, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Fatty liver, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cold Temperature, Ducks, Biochemistry, Liver, shot-gun, foie gras quality, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Fat loss, technological yield, PROTEINS, Proteolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, two-dimensional electrophoresis, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Dietary Fats, Low ionic strength, Diet, Solubility
Abstract

International audience; Fat loss during cooking of duck "foie gras" is the main problem for both manufacturers and consumers. Despite the efforts of the processing industry to control fat loss, the variability of fatty liver cooking yields remains high and uncontrolled. To understand the biochemical effects of postslaughter processing on fat loss during cooking, this study characterizes for the first time the protein expression of fatty liver during chilling using a proteomic approach. For this purpose the proteins were separated according to their solubility: the protein fraction soluble in a buffer of low ionic strength (S) and the protein fraction insoluble in the same buffer (IS). Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze the S fraction and mass spectrometry for the identification of spots of interest. This analysis revealed 36 (21 identified proteins) and 34 (26 identified proteins) spots of interests in the low-fat-loss and high-fat-loss groups, respectively. The expression of proteins was lower after chilling, which revealed a suppressive effect of chilling on biological processes. The shot-gun strategy was used to analyze the IS fraction, with the identification of all the proteins by mass spectrometry. This allowed identification of 554 and 562 proteins in the low-fat-loss and high-fat-loss groups, respectively. Among these proteins, only the proteins that were up-regulated in the high-fat-loss group were significant (p value = 3.17 X 10(-3)) and corresponded to protein from the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that the variability of technological yield observed in processing plants could be explained by different aging states of fatty livers during chilling, most likely associated with different proteolytic patterns.

Published
2013
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20. Current advances in proteomic analysis of (fatty) liver

Author

Xavier Fernandez, Hervé Rémignon, Laetitia Théron, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, C. Molette, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]

Subjects
Proteomics, bird, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Computational biology, Biology, liver, Biochemistry, Protein evolution, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver steatosis, Two dimensional electrophoresis, medicine, mammalian, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Poultry Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, proteome map, two-dimensional electrophoresis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Biotechnology, Fatty Liver, Liver metabolism, Ducks, waterfowl, business
Abstract

Biochemical Research Methods; International audience; In this review, an overview on proteomic studies conducted in livers of farm animals is conducted with a special focus on liver steatosis in waterfowl. Several studies had interest in understanding liver metabolism in dairy cows under various conditions (e.g. fasting) or the evolution of liver proteome during embryonic phases or growing periods in chicken. Those studies provide interesting results leading to a better understanding of the liver metabolism. Liver steatosis development in waterfowl represents a special case and a focus on proteomic studies conducted in these birds will be done. Indeed, recent studies aimed at resolving protein evolution during overfeeding in duck. Proteomic analysis combining two complementary approaches (2-dimensional electrophoresis gels and shot gun strategy) in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the variability of cooking yield of fatty liver will be presented.

Published
2012
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21. Identification by proteomic analysis of early post-mortem markers involved in the variability in fat loss during cooking of mule duck 'foie gras'

Author

C. Molette, Christophe Chambon, Xavier Fernandez, Carole Pichereaux, Didier Viala, Laetitia Théron, Thierry Astruc, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Michel Rossignol, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Génopole de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Géno Toul), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), The financial supports of INRA, CIFOG, and Region Midi-Pyrenees enabled the implementation of this project., and Molette, Caroline

Subjects
Proteomics, Hot Temperature, Anabolism, duck, food science and technology, Food Handling, Ingénierie des aliments, Food technology, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, protéomique, Poultry Products, proteomic, bidimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, shotgun, fatty liver, quality, technological yield, electrophorese bidimensionnelle spectrometrie de masse, abattaga, qualite du foie gras, chemistry, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Fatty liver, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ducks, Biochemistry, Liver, spectrométrie, Dietary Proteins, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Fat loss, acceptabilité, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver steatosis, High fat, medicine, Food engineering, Animals, foie gras, canard, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Bidimensional electrophoresis, 0402 animal and dairy science, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Dietary Fats, Fatty Liver, Postmortem Changes, Food Technology, business, rendement technologique, Biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Fat loss during cooking of duck “foie gras” is the main quality issue for both processors and consumers. Despite the efforts of the processing industry to control fat loss, the variability of fatty liver cooking yield remains high and uncontrolled. To better understand the biological basis of this phenomenon, a proteomic study was conducted. To analyze the protein fraction soluble at low ionic strength (LIS), we used bidimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for the identification of spots of interest. To analyze the protein fraction not soluble at low ionic strength (NS), we used the shotgun strategy. The analysis of data acquired from both protein fractions suggested that at the time of slaughter, livers with low fat loss during cooking were still in anabolic processes with regard to energy metabolism and protein synthesis, whereas livers with high fat loss during cooking developed cell protection mechanisms. The variability in the technological yield observed in processing plants could be explained by a different physiological stage of liver steatosis.

Published
2011
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22. Evaluation of the Links between Lamb Feed Efficiency and Rumen and Plasma Metabolomic Data

Author

Florian Touitou, Flavie Tortereau, Lydie Bret, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Didier Marcon, Annabelle Meynadier, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Unité Expérimentale de Bourges (P3R), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Internal fundings (MILAGE and Phenefficace), ANR-19-SUGA-0001,GrassToGas,Strategies to mitigate GHG emissions from pasture-based sheep systems(2019), European Project: 772787,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1., and H2020-EU.3.2.,SMARTER(2018)

Subjects
rumen, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biochemistry, NMR, residual feed intake, plasma, multivariate analysis, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Molecular Biology
Abstract

International audience; Feed efficiency is one of the keystones that could help make animal production less costly and more environmentally friendly. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used criterion to measure feed efficiency by regressing intake on the main energy sinks. We investigated rumen and plasma metabolomic data on Romane male lambs that had been genetically selected for either feed efficiency (line rfi−) or inefficiency (line rfi+). These investigations were conducted both during the growth phase under a 100% concentrate diet and later on under a mixed diet to identify differential metabolite expression and to link it to biological phenomena that could explain differences in feed efficiency. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and correlations between metabolites’ relative concentrations were estimated to identify relationships between them. High levels of plasma citrate and malate were associated with genetically efficient animals, while high levels of amino acids such as L-threonine, L-serine, and L-leucine as well as beta-hydroxyisovalerate were associated with genetically inefficient animals under both diets. The two divergent lines could not be discriminated using rumen metabolites. Based on phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI), efficient and inefficient animals were discriminated using plasma metabolites determined under a 100% concentrate diet, but no discrimination was observed with plasma metabolites under a mixed diet or with rumen metabolites regardless of diet. Plasma amino acids, citrate, and malate were the most discriminant metabolites, suggesting that protein turnover and the mitochondrial production of energy could be the main phenomena that differ between efficient and inefficient Romane lambs.

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