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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Assessment of anti-PD-1 scFv binding. (A) Transgene schematic of bicistronic vector for constitutive secretion of anti-PD-1 scFv; (B) Supernatant from transfected HEK-293T cells producing anti-PD-1scFv was tested to confirm binding to PD-1+SupT1 cell line via flow cytometry; (C) Binding affinity measured via SPR using an anti-PD-1 scFv-Fc coated CM5 Chip: representative sensogram (of 3 independent repeats) of response units (RU) to increasing concentrations of PD-1 protein (0µg/ml–2.5µg/ml). Fig. S2. Transduction efficiency and additional in vitro characterization of F CAR and F i-CAR-T cells effector functions. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots of F CAR and F i-CAR T cells demonstrating comparable transduction levels between constructs as assessed by mCherry expression; (B) Representative flow cytometry of ROR1 and PD-L1 expression on positive MDA-MB-231, H1975 and negative control SUPT1 cell lines; (C) Anti-PD1 scFv was Luciferase-tagged and co-culture conditions were tested for scFv production via addition of substrate (coelenterazine) and luminescence quantified. Results are mean from 3 donors in triplicate; (D) Cytotoxicity assay following 72h of co-culture with CAR-T cells, viable ROR1- target cell lines were assessed via flow cytometry, results are mean+SD of 3 donors in triplicates normalized to control CD19 CAR-T cells; (E) Immune checkpoint expression was assessed via flow cytometry and shown as % of CAR-T cells. 2way ANOVA used: *p

We report the correction of hyperglycemia of STZ induced diabetic mice using one intravenous systemic administration of a single stranded serotype 8 pseudotyped adeno-associated virus (ssAAV2/8) vector encoding the human proinsulin gene under a constitutive liver specific promoter. In vivo dose titration experiments were carried out and we identified an optimal range that achieved maintenance of euglycaemia or a mild diabetic condition for at least 9 months and ongoing to beyond 1 year for some animals, accompanied by human C-peptide secretion and weight gain. Further DNA codon optimization of the insulin gene construct resulted in approximately 3-10 times more human C-peptide secreted in the blood of codon optimized treated animals thereby reducing the number of vector particles required to achieve the same extent of reduction in blood glucose levels as the non-codon optimized vector. The constitutive secretion of insulin achieved with a single administration of the vector could be of therapeutic value for some diabetic patients.