Author: "National Council for Scientific Research" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"National Council for Scientific Research"' showing total 487 results

Start Over Author "National Council for Scientific Research"

487 results on '"National Council for Scientific Research"'

1. Genome Size Evolution and Dynamics in Iris, with Special Focus on the Section Oncocyclus

Author: National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), European Commission, Saint Joseph University, Samad, Nour Abdel, Hidalgo, Oriane, Saliba, Elie, Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Strange, Kit, Leitch, Ilia J., Dagher-Kharrat, Magda, National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), European Commission, Saint Joseph University, Samad, Nour Abdel, Hidalgo, Oriane, Saliba, Elie, Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Strange, Kit, Leitch, Ilia J., and Dagher-Kharrat, Magda
Abstract: Insights into genome size dynamics and its evolutionary impact remain limited by the lack of data for many plant groups. One of these is the genus Iris, of which only 53 out of c. 260 species have available genome sizes. In this study, we estimated the C-values for 41 species and subspecies of Iris mainly from the Eastern Mediterranean region. We constructed a phylogenetic framework to shed light on the distribution of genome sizes across subgenera and sections of Iris. Finally, we tested evolutionary models to explore the mode and tempo of genome size evolution during the radiation of section Oncocyclus. Iris as a whole displayed a great variety of C-values; however, they were unequally distributed across the subgenera and sections, suggesting that lineage-specific patterns of genome size diversification have taken place within the genus. The evolutionary model that best fitted our data was the speciational model, as changes in genome size appeared to be mainly associated with speciation events. These results suggest that genome size dynamics may have contributed to the radiation of Oncocyclus irises. In addition, our phylogenetic analysis provided evidence that supports the segregation of the Lebanese population currently attributed to Iris persica as a distinct species.
Published: 2020

2. Polyploidy in the conifer genus Juniperus: An unexpectedly high rate

Author: National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), Saint Joseph University, Farhat, Perla, Hidalgo, Oriane, Robert, Thierry, Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Leitch, Ilia J., Adams, Robert P., Dagher-Kharrat, Magda, National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), Saint Joseph University, Farhat, Perla, Hidalgo, Oriane, Robert, Thierry, Siljak-Yakovlev, S., Leitch, Ilia J., Adams, Robert P., and Dagher-Kharrat, Magda
Abstract: Recent research suggests that the frequency of polyploidy may have been underestimated in gymnosperms. One notable example is in the conifer genus Juniperus, where there are already a few reports of polyploids although data are still missing for most species. In this study, we evaluated the extent of polyploidy in Juniperus by conducting the first comprehensive screen across nearly all of the genus. Genome size data from fresh material, together with chromosome counts, were used to demonstrate that genome sizes estimated from dried material could be used as reliable proxies to uncover the extent of ploidy diversity across the genus. Our analysis revealed that 16 Juniperus taxa were polyploid, with tetraploids and one hexaploid being reported. Furthermore, by analyzing the genome size and chromosome data within a phylogenetic framework we provide the first evidence of possible lineage-specific polyploidizations within the genus. Genome downsizing following polyploidization is moderate, suggesting limited genome restructuring. This study highlights the importance of polyploidy in Juniperus, making it the first conifer genus and only the second genus in gymnosperms where polyploidy is frequent. In this sense, Juniperus represents an interesting model for investigating the genomic and ecological consequences of polyploidy in conifers.
Published: 2019

3. Influence of muscle strength gains on functional capacity improvements following resistance training in older adults: A linear mixed model approach

Author: <p>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) National Council of Scientific Research (CNPq) Brazil</p>, Moura, Bruno M., Ruas, Cassio V., Diefenthaeler, Fernando, <p>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) National Council of Scientific Research (CNPq) Brazil</p>, Moura, Bruno M., Ruas, Cassio V., and Diefenthaeler, Fernando
Abstract: Moura, B. M., Ruas, C. V., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2021). Influence of muscle strength gains on functional capacity improvements following resistance training in older adults: A linear mixed model approach. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics, 39(2), 113-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/02703181.2020.1809601

4. Vegetation changes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in Lebanon: a pollen record from the Bekaa Valley

Author: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) ; CNRS - Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Centre for remote sensing ; National Council for Scientific Research, Hajar, Lara, Khater, C., Cheddadi, Rachid, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier (ISEM) ; CNRS - Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD - Université Montpellier II - Sciences et techniques, Centre for remote sensing ; National Council for Scientific Research, Hajar, Lara, Khater, C., and Cheddadi, Rachid
Abstract: International audience, A sediment core retrieved from Quaternary deposits from the Aammiq wetland (Bekaa Valley, Lebanon) provided a pollen record carrying valuable information which allowed reconstruction of past vegetation dynamics in relation to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Core stratigraphy and microfossil data helped interpret the depositional settings of the sequence. Before c. 12.2 kyr cal. BP, an expansion of cedars (Cedrus libani) and deciduous oaks (Quercus cerris-type) is observed. The Younger Dryas is marked by the spread of a Chenopodiaceae steppe and a regression of cedars and deciduous oaks. During the early Holocene, an open oak forest expanded concomitantly with the development of a marsh in the Bekaa Valley. Between c. 6.0 and c. 3.4 kyr cal. BP, major disturbances in the sedimentation process are recorded, leading to some dissimilarities with other palaeobotanical records from the Eastern Mediterranean region. After c. 3.4. kyr cal. BP, the pollen data reveal that agriculture in the Bekaa Valley was mainly oriented towards livestock rearing since there is very little record of cultivated plants. In this regard, the results conflict somewhat with other studies carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean region, where intensive cultures have been observed since the early Holocene. Cultures might have been present in other regions in Lebanon but apparently not in this part of the Bekaa Valley.

5. Whole Exome/Genome Sequencing Joint Analysis of a Family with Oligogenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Author: Youmna Ghaleb, Sandy Elbitar, Anne Philippi, Petra El Khoury, Yara Azar, Miangaly Andrianirina, Alexia Loste, Yara Abou-Khalil, Gaël Nicolas, Marie Le Borgne, Philippe Moulin, Mathilde Di-Filippo, Sybil Charrière, Michel Farnier, Cécile Yelnick, Valérie Carreau, Jean Ferrières, Jean-Michel Lecerf, Alexa Derksen, Geneviève Bernard, Marie-Soleil Gauthier, Benoit Coulombe, Dieter Lütjohann, Bertrand Fin, Anne Boland, Robert Olaso, Jean-François Deleuze, Jean-Pierre Rabès, Catherine Boileau, Marianne Abifadel, Mathilde Varret, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiopathologie et épidémiologie cérébro-cardiovasculaire [Dijon] (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations (CERPOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University Hospital Bonn, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratory of Excellence GENMED [Paris] (Medical Genomics), Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fondation Jean Dausset-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), PCSK9013, 13CVD03, ANR-10-LABX-0013, National Institutes of Health, NIH: BB-033-00065, R01 HL107816, Broad Institute, International Atherosclerosis Society, IAS, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, IRSC: 2017–2022, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé, FRQS, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-16-RHUS-0007, Fondation Leducq, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, This work was supported by grants from the Leducq Foundation (FLQ # 13CVD03), the Laboratory of Excellence GENMED (Medical Genomics) grant no. ANR-10-LABX-0013 managed by the National Research Agency (ANR), part of the Investment for the Future program, and the National Project CHOPIN (Cholesterol Personalized Innovation) granted by the National Research Agency (ANR-16-RHUS-0007), INSERM (Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale). Youmna Ghaleb is supported by a grant from the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation and the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS). Yara Azar and Yara Abou-Khalil are supported by grants from the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L) and the Council of Research of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon, Yara Azar is supported by a grant from AMGEN funding (PCSK9013). Yara Abou-Khalil is supported by a grant from Minist?re de l?Education Nationale et de la Technologie (France) and a grant from Nouvelle Soci?t? Francophone de l?Ath?roscl?rose (France). Genevi?ve Bernard received a Research Scholar Junior 1 award from the Fonds de Recherche du Qu?bec?Sant? (FRQS) (2012?2016) and the New Investigator Salary Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2017?2022). Acknowledgments: We thank all family members and the proband cohort for participating in the study. We thank Sekar Kathiresan, Gina Peloso and Nathan Stitziel (Broad Institute of MIT, Boston, MA, USA) for their help in the exome sequencing experiments. Sekar Kathiresan was supported by NIH R01 HL107816. We acknowledge the use of the bioresources of the Necker DNA Biobank (BB-033-00065). We thank Silvia Friedrichs for the technical assistance in sterol and bile acid analyses by GC-MS., Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Leducq Foundation (FLQ # 13CVD03), the Laboratory of Excellence GENMED (Medical Genomics) grant no. ANR-10-LABX-0013 managed by the National Research Agency (ANR), part of the Investment for the Future program, and the National Project CHOPIN (Cholesterol Personalized Innovation) granted by the National Research Agency (ANR-16-RHUS-0007), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale). Youmna Ghaleb is supported by a grant from the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation and the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS). Yara Azar and Yara Abou-Khalil are supported by grants from the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L) and the Council of Research of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon, Yara Azar is supported by a grant from AMGEN funding (PCSK9013). Yara Abou-Khalil is supported by a grant from Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Technologie (France) and a grant from Nouvelle Société Francophone de l’Athérosclérose (France). Geneviève Bernard received a Research Scholar Junior 1 award from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec—Santé (FRQS) (2012–2016) and the New Investigator Salary Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2017–2022)., Acknowledgments: We thank all family members and the proband cohort for participating in the study. We thank Sekar Kathiresan, Gina Peloso and Nathan Stitziel (Broad Institute of MIT, Boston, MA, USA) for their help in the exome sequencing experiments. Sekar Kathiresan was supported by NIH R01 HL107816. We acknowledge the use of the bioresources of the Necker DNA Biobank (BB-033-00065). We thank Silvia Friedrichs for the technical assistance in sterol and bile acid analyses by GC-MS., HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ANR-16-RHUS-0007,CHOPIN,CHOPIN(2016)
Subjects: LRP6, CYP7A1, autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, oligogenic hypercholesterolemia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, LDL uptake, Biochemistry, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], LDLRAP1, polygenic risk score, linkage analysis, next-generation sequencing, Molecular Biology, protein structural models
Abstract: International audience; Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia (ADH) is a genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and APOE genes. We sought to identify new candidate genes responsible for the ADH phenotype in patients without pathogenic variants in the known ADH-causing genes by focusing on a French family with affected and non-affected members who presented a high ADH polygenic risk score (wPRS). Linkage analysis, whole exome and whole genome sequencing resulted in the identification of variants p.(Pro398Ala) in CYP7A1, p.(Val1382Phe) in LRP6 and p.(Ser202His) in LDLRAP1. A total of 6 other variants were identified in 6 of 160 unrelated ADH probands: p.(Ala13Val) and p.(Aps347Asn) in CYP7A1; p.(Tyr972Cys), p.(Thr1479Ile) and p.(Ser1612Phe) in LRP6; and p.(Ser202LeufsTer19) in LDLRAP1. All six probands presented a moderate wPRS. Serum analyses of carriers of the p.(Pro398Ala) variant in CYP7A1 showed no differences in the synthesis of bile acids compared to the serums of non-carriers. Functional studies of the four LRP6 mutants in HEK293T cells resulted in contradictory results excluding a major effect of each variant alone. Within the family, none of the heterozygous for only the LDLRAP1 p.(Ser202His) variant presented ADH. Altogether, each variant individually does not result in elevated LDL-C; however, the oligogenic combination of two or three variants reveals the ADH phenotype.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Integration of L-Band Derived Soil Roughness into a Bare Soil Moisture Retrieval Approach from C-Band SAR Data

Author: Marcel M. El Hajj, Ghaleb Faour, Mohamad Hamze, Bruno Cheviron, Hassan Bazzi, Nicolas Baghdadi, Mehrez Zribi, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), ITK [Clapiers], King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Space Study Center (CNES, TOSCA 2021 project), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (French Embassy in Beirut), Lebanese National Council of Scientific Research, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, C band, Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Surface roughness, C-band, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Mathematics, soil moisture, surface roughness, SAR, L-band, ALOS/PALSAR, Sentinel-1, artificial neural networks, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Soil roughness
Abstract: International audience; Surface soil moisture (SSM) is a key variable for many environmental studies, including hydrology and agriculture. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data in the C-band are widely used nowadays to estimate SSM since the Sentinel-1 provides free-of-charge C-band SAR images at high spatial resolution with high revisit time, whereas the use of L-band is limited due to the low data availability. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to develop an operational approach for SSM estimation that mainly uses data in the C-band (Sentinel-1) with L-bands (ALOS/PALSAR) as additional data to improve SSM estimation accuracy. The approach is based on the use of the artificial neural networks (NNs) technique to firstly derive the soil roughness (Hrms) from the L-band (HH polarization) to then consider the L-band-derived Hrms and C-band SAR data (VV and VH polarizations) in the input vectors of NNs for SSM estimation. Thus, the Hrms estimated from the L-band at a given date is assumed to be constant for a given times series of C-band images. The NNs were trained and validated using synthetic and real databases. The results showed that the use of the L-band-derived Hrms in the input vector of NN in addition to C-band SAR data improved SSM estimation by decreasing the error (bias and RMSE), mainly for SSM values lower than 15 vol.% and regardless of Hrms values. Based on the synthetic database, the NNs that neglect the Hrms underestimate and overestimate the SSM (bias ranges between −8.0 and 4.0 vol.%) for Hrms values lower and higher than 1.5 cm, respectively. For Hrms 2.0 cm and SSM between 8 to 22 vol.%, the accuracy on the SSM estimation improved and the overestimation decreased by 2.2 vol.% (from 4.5 to 2.3 vol.%). From the real database, the use of Hrms estimated from the L-band brought a significant improvement of the SSM estimation accuracy. For in situ SSM less than 15 vol.%, the RMSE decreased by 1.5 and 2.2 vol.% and the bias by 1.2 and 2.6 vol.%, for Hrms values lower and higher than 1.5 cm, respectively.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. A new cost-performance grid to compare different flood modelling approaches

Author: Roger Moussa, F. Colin, Rouya Hdeib, Chadi Abdallah, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and This research is part of the first author's PhD thesis, which is funded by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (L-CNRS) with the cooperation of the Laboratory for the study of Soil-AgrosystemHydrosystem interactions at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRAE-LISAH) and the Montpellier National Superior School of Agronomy (Montpellier-SupAgro).
Subjects: Structure (mathematical logic), Flood myth, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, inundation maps, Inference, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Grid, computer.software_genre, Model complexity, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Data availability, model complexity, 020801 environmental engineering, cost–performance, Data mining, flood modeling, computer, data availability, Selection (genetic algorithm), Cost performance, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The wise selection of modeling approaches with an appropriate level of complexity for the study objectives is critical for robust inference. In this paper, the structure of a cost-performance grid designed for flood modeling is presented. The grid is developed to compare different flood modeling approaches of variable complexity and to guide on the proper selection of the couple data-model. The methodology involves defining metrics to quantify the three variables: data costs, model costs, and performance. Preliminarily, eighteen flood modeling applications in literature were arbitrarily selected and analyzed to guide on the implementation of the grid. The cost-performance diagram allows tracing a cost-performance curve and grouping applications in 4 zones corresponding to 4 modeling approaches (empirical and geomorphic, hydrological, hydraulic, and coupling). The grid is a tool to support the comparison, classification, and future selection of cost-effective modeling approaches. It is flexible and can be extrapolated to other modeling objectives.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Experimental determination of calcite solubility and the stability of aqueous Ca– and Na–carbonate and –bicarbonate complexes at 100–160 °C and 1–50 bar pCO2 using in situ pH measurements

Author: Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Pascale Bénézeth, Jacques Schott, A. Yu. Bychkov, Yu. V. Shvarov, Alain Castillo, Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban (CNRS Liban), National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bicarbonate, Analytical chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Reference electrode, law.invention, high temperature, chemistry.chemical_compound, carbonate, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Solubility, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, Aqueous solution, pH, solubility, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta calcite, Glass electrode, 6. Clean water, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Electrode, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Carbonate, pCO 2
Abstract: International audience; The solubility of calcite was measured at 100, 120, 140 and 160°C at 1-50 bar pCO2 in10-3-0.1 mol·kg-1 NaCl solutions using a new experimental setup involving in situ pH measurements with high-temperature solid-contact H-selective glass and two types of reference electrodes: i) Ag/AgCl in 3.5 M KCl, saturated AgCl placed in a Teflon extensible container with liquid junction, and ii) solid-contact high-T Na-selective glass electrode in the cell without liquid junction. The stability constants of NaHCO3° and NaCO3-aqueous complexes formation were determined in NaCl-Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solutions in CO2-free media and under 10 bar pCO2 from 100 to 160 °C. These values allowed calculation of the pH of the calibration solution in the system NaCl-CO2-H2O used in the cell without liquid junction with Na+-selective electrode as a reference. This highly stable, low-cost electrode system can be recommended for routine pH measurements at 4 < pH < 10 in sodium-bearing solutions up to 160°C and the critical point of CO2. The values of the stability constants of CaCO3° and CaHCO3+ aqueous complexes and calcite solubility product were generated at 100, 120, 140 and 160 °C allowing a description of the solubility of calcite in a wide range of pH and pCO2.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Data Lake Governance: Towards a Systemic and Natural Ecosystem Analogy

Author: Marzieh Derakhshannia, Carmen Gervet, Hicham Hajj-Hassan, Arnaud Martin, Anne Laurent, WEB-CUBE, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), WEB Architecture x Semantic WEB x WEB of Data (WEB3), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Fouille de données environnementales (TATOO), Declarative & Reliable management of Uncertain, user-generated Interlinked Data (DRUID), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Supply chain, Big data, 02 engineering and technology, Information repository, data lakes, 12. Responsible consumption, Data governance, natural lake, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Normalization (sociology), data governance, sustainability, supply chain management, ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Complex data type, Supply chain management, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], lcsh:T58.5-58.64, lcsh:Information technology, business.industry, Knowledge acquisition, Data science, 13. Climate action, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business
Abstract: International audience; The realm of big data has brought new venues for knowledge acquisition, but also major challenges including data interoperability and effective management. The great volume of miscellaneous data renders the generation of new knowledge a complex data analysis process. Presently, big data technologies provide multiple solutions and tools towards the semantic analysis of heterogeneous data, including their accessibility and reusability. However, in addition to learning from data, we are faced with the issue of data storage and management in a cost-effective and reliable manner. This is the core topic of this paper. A data lake, inspired by the natural lake, is a centralized data repository that stores all kinds of data in any format and structure. This allows any type of data to be ingested into the data lake without any restriction or normalization. This could lead to a critical problem known as data swamp, which can contain invalid or incoherent data that adds no values for further knowledge acquisition. To deal with the potential avalanche of data, some legislation is required to turn such heterogeneous datasets into manageable data. In this article, we address this problem and propose some solutions concerning innovative methods, derived from a multidisciplinary science perspective to manage data lake. The proposed methods imitate the supply chain management and natural lake principles with an emphasis on the importance of the data life cycle, to implement responsible data governance for the data lake.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Bioaccessibility of lead in Dittrichia viscosa plants and risk assessment of human exposure around a fertilizer industry in Lebanon

Author: Hanna Chebib, Amine Kassouf, Lina Nafeh Kassir, Omar El Samad, Dany Saba, Naim Ouaini, Nastaran Manouchehri, Rola Bou Khozam, Philippe Cambier, Stephane Besançon, Ingénierie, Procédés, Aliments (GENIAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik [Jounieh], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), University of Tripoli - University Al Fateh, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-Lebanon)
Subjects: Adult, Environmental Engineering, Soil test, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Biological Availability, Bioaccessibility, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Human health risk assessment, Toxicology, Hazard quotient, Soil, Fertilizer industry, Ingestion, Humans, Soil Pollutants, Lebanon, Child, Fertilizers, Waste Management and Disposal, PBET, Pb, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Potential risk, General Medicine, Dittrichia viscosa, biology.organism_classification, 020801 environmental engineering, Lead, Human exposure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Risk assessment, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Total and bioaccessible lead (Pb) concentrations in "Dittrichia viscosa" and soil samples were considered for estimating the potential health risk, related to both plant intake and accidental soil ingestion by adult and child consumers, near a Lebanese fertilizer plant. A total of 27 plant samples, from 9 uncultivated sites situated around the plant, were analyzed in order to assess the total and bioaccessible Pb content. Physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was used to estimate oral bioaccessibility of Pb in edible plant parts. Washed and unwashed leaves were compared in order to show the importance of good consumer practice on Pb intake. Extracted Pb in the intestinal medium accounted for 24 up to 87% of Pb extracted in the gastric medium. The total hazard quotient (HQtot) and the total bioaccessible hazard quotient (BHQ), related to both plants' intake and soil ingestion, for two maximalist child and adult scenarios, were calculated in order to estimate human health risk assessment. HQtot estimations considering the total concentration of Pb in soil and plant suggest that this metal is a contributor in elevating health risks problems on local plants' consumers, especially children inhabitants. However, the integration of bioaccessible concentrations of Pb in risk estimations reduces remarkably the potential risk.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Estimation of secondary phytoplankton pigments from satellite observations using self‐organizing maps (SOMs)

Author: Michel Crépon, Ghaleb Faour, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Olivier Aumont, Roy El Hourany, Sylvie Thiria, Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon CNES, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Self-organizing map, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Advanced very-high-resolution radiometer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data set, Sea surface temperature, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ocean color, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Phytoplankton, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Satellite, 14. Life underwater, Scale (map), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: This study presents a method for estimating secondary phytoplankton pigments from satellite ocean color observations. We first compiled a large training data set composed of 12,000 samples; each sample is composed of 10 in situ phytoplankton high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-measured pigment concentrations, GlobColour products of chlorophyll-a concentration, and remote sensing reflectance (Rrs()) data at different wavelengths, in addition to advanced very high resolution radiometer sea surface temperature measurements. The resulting data set regroups a large variety of encountered situations between 1997 and 2014. The nonlinear relationship between the in situ and satellite components was identified using a self-organizing map, which is a neural network classifier. As a major result, the self-organizing map enabled reliable estimations of the concentration of chlorophyll-a and of nine different pigments from satellite observations. A cross-validation procedure showed that the estimations were robust for all pigments (R-2>0.75 and an average root-mean-square error=0.016mg/m(3)). A consistent association of several phytoplankton pigments indicating phytoplankton group specific dynamic was shown at a global scale. We also showed the uncertainties for the estimation of each pigment. Plain Language Summary The knowledge of phytoplankton variability is essential to the understanding of the marine ecosystem dynamics and its response to environmental changes. This paper presents a new approach to estimate phytoplankton pigment concentrations from satellite observations by using an artificial neural network, the so-called self-organizing map. This neural network was calibrated using a large data set of in situ pigment observations from oceanic cruises along with ocean color satellite data provided by the Globcolour project and advanced very high resolution radiometer sea surface temperature. This approach allows an accurate estimation of phytoplankton pigment concentrations and their related uncertainties. Moreover, the method allows to reproduce the spatio-temporal variability of pigment concentration and the dynamics of phytoplankton groups. A particular attention is given to the Southern Ocean whose phytoplankton communities are specific.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Mutations socio-environnementales, paysages et archéologie dans une montagne à risques : La vallée du Nahr Ibrahim au mont Liban

Author: Harfouche, Romana, Abdallah, Chadi, Faour, Ghaleb, Poupet, Pierre, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research, Partenaires INRAE, Centre National de Télédétection (CNT/CNRS LIBAN), Conseil national de la recherche scientifique, centre national de télédétection, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie du Proche-Orient Hellénistique et Romain (APOHR), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: patrimoine paysager, paléoenvironnement, paleoenvironment, landscape heritage, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Liban, geoarchaeology, Lebanon, dry stone, pierre sèche, géoarchéologie
Abstract: International audience; Mount Lebanon has remarkable water resources among the middle-eastern countries, but the inhabitants of the upper Nahr Ibrahim valley, a major river in the Lebanese mountain, are facing an increasing hydric stress and an erosion risk that is enhanced by global change. This complex framework links a multi-millenary territorial history with moments of disruption or brakes related to natural variables (climate, ancient seismicity, mass movements,…) and/or anthropic variables (socio-economic changes) that shows a high resiliency of the inhabitants. The multidisciplinary and diachronic « Nahr Ibrahim Project » puts forward local management strategies of this multi-millenary landscape and built heritage to support the socioeconomic development of the upper valleys, as these mountainous regions remain on the margins of the national pubic investment plans.; Le Mont Liban dispose de ressources en eau remarquables dans le contexte proche-oriental, mais les habitants de la haute vallée du Nahr Ibrahim, fleuve majeur de la montagne libanaise, font face à un stress hydrique croissant dans un milieu à risque (particulièrement l'érosion) dont les effets sont accentués par les changements globaux récents. C'est un cadre d'étude complexe alliant une construction des territoires très ancienne, qui s'inscrit dans une trajectoire des sociétés agricoles plurimillénaires, et des moments de rupture liés aux variables naturelles (climat, sismicité ancienne, mouvements de masse, …) et/ou anthropiques (mutations socio-économiques) qui démontrent une forte résilience des habitants. Le projet de recherche interdisciplinaire et diachronique « Nahr Ibrahim » permet de proposer des stratégies locales de gestion d'un patrimoine paysager et bâti plurimillénaire pour soutenir le développement socio-économique des hautes vallées qui demeurent en marge des plans d'investissement des politiques publiques nationales.
Published: 2019

13. Towards a microzonation of the Greater Beirut area: an instrumental approach combining earthquake and ambient vibration recordings

Author: R. Jomaa, Christophe Voisin, A. Sursock, Cécile Cornou, Marleine Brax, Anne-Marie Duval, Muhsin-Elie Rahhal, Etienne Bertrand, Pierre-Yves Bard, National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet MOUVGS (Cerema Equipe-projet MOUVGS), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Ecole supérieure d'ingénieurs de Beyrouth (ESIB), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio, Beirut, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Ambient noise level, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fundamental frequencies, 01 natural sciences, Standard site to reference spectral ratio method, Seismic hazard, HV, Transfer functions, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Hydrogeology, Amplifications, Sampling (statistics), Transform fault, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Geophysics, Submarine pipeline, Microtremor, Structural geology, Geology, Seismology
Abstract: International audience; Lebanon is situated on the 1000 km long Levant transform fault that separates the Arabic from the African tectonic plates. In Lebanon, the Levant fault splits up into a set of ramifications that had, in the past, generated major destructive earthquakes causing a lot of destruction and thousands of casualties. The most devastating one was the 551 A.D. offshore earthquake that destroyed Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. This paper presents a site effect study in Beirut, aimed at proposing a framework for future microzonation works in the city. It includes two complementary parts. A 6-month, temporary seismological experiment was first conducted to estimate the site response at 10 sites sampling the main geological units of Beirut on the basis of local and regional earthquake recordings. This spatially sparse information was then complemented by a large number (615) of microtremor measurements covering the Beirut municipality and part of its suburbs with a 400 m dense grid. The recordings were analysed with the standard site-to-reference and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio methods for earthquake recordings, and the horizontal-to-vertical ratio for ambient noise recordings. Significant ground motion amplification effects (up to a factor of 8) are found in a few areas corresponding to recent deposits. The consistency between results from earthquake and microtremor recordings allows proposing a map of the resonance frequencies within the city and its suburbs, with frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 5 Hz for the deepest deposits, and 5–10 Hz for shallow areas. Finally, the results are discussed and a way to combine the results obtained from the temporary stations to the great number of recordings coming from the permanent Lebanese network is proposed.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Juvenile fish caging as a tool for assessing microplastics contamination in estuarine fish nursery grounds

Author: Maria El Rakwe, Maria Kazour, Vincent Cornille, Rachid Amara, Ludovic Hermabassiere, Khalef Rabhi, Florane Le Bihanic, Gaby Khalaf, Alexandre Dehaut, Jérôme Cachot, Guillaume Duflos, Sharif Jemaa, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Région Hauts-de-France, Anses, GIP Seine Aval, CPER 2014-2020 MARCO, Plastic-Seine (GIP Seine Aval), HQFISH (GIP Seine Aval), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)
Subjects: Microplastics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Flounder, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, caging, 01 natural sciences, Caging, Juvenile flounder, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Juvenile, Animals, 14. Life underwater, EUROPEAN FLOUNDER, education, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Aquatic ecosystem, General Medicine, Juvenile fish, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Fishery, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Raman spectroscopy, Plastic pollution, Estuaries, Plastics, juvenile flounder, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Estuaries serve as nursery grounds for many marine fish species. However, increasing human activities within estuaries and surrounding areas lead to significant habitat quality degradation for the juveniles. In recent years, plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue as plastic debris are found in all aquatic environments with potential adverse impacts on marine biota. Given the important ecological role of estuaries and implications of microplastics (MP) in ecosystems, here we assess the occurrence, number, size and polymer types of MP ingested by wild and caged juveniles European flounder (Platichthys flesus). We deployed caged fish for one month at five sites in three estuaries in the Eastern English Channel. The Seine estuary, heavily impacted by manmade modifications and one of the most contaminated estuaries in Europe, was compared to two smaller estuaries (Canche and Liane) less impacted by industrial activities. We found that juvenile flounders (7- 9 cm) were vulnerable to plastic ingestion. 75% of caged fish and 58% of wild caught fish had the presence of MP items in their digestive tract. Fibers (69%) dominated in the fish’s digestive tract at all sites. An average of 2.04 ± 1.93 MP items were ingested by feral juveniles flounder and 1.67 ± 1.43 by caged juveniles flounder. For the caged fish, the three sites impacted by wastewater treatment plant (Liane, Le Havre Harbor and Rouen) were those with the highest percentage of individuals that have ingested MP items. Most of the isolated items were fibers and blue in color. Polymers identified by micro Raman spectroscopy were Polycaprolactam, Polyethylene Terephtalate and Polyurethane. Although other environmental factors may have affected caged fish condition and mortality, we found no significant correlation with the number of ingested MP. However, the high occurrence of MP ingested by juvenile fish on nursery grounds raises concerns on their potential negative effects for fish recruitment success and population renewal. Finally, this study describes, for the first time, the feasibility of using caged juvenile fish as an assessing tool of MP contamination in estuarine nursery grounds.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. New Insights in Biocontrol Strategy against Cephalcia tannourinensis, the Principal Insect Defoliator of Lebanese Cedars

Author: Martine Rehayem, Elise Noujeim, Olivier Thaler, Bernard Duvic, Sylvie Pages, Nabil Nemer, Jean-Claude Ogier, National Center for Marine Sciences [Lebanon], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Holy-Spirit University of Kaslik, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Lebanon, and Programme Hubert Curien CEDRE franco-libanais [32953UL]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Integrated pest management, Cedrus libani, natural environmental conditions, Ecology, integrated pest management, Ecological Modeling, media_common.quotation_subject, Principal (computer security), Biological pest control, Forestry, Introduced species, Insect, Cephalcia tannourinensis, 15. Life on land, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Natural enemies, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Endemism, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Tannourine cedars forest, dominated by cedars (Cedrus libani, Richard), suffers from native sawfly attacks, Cephalcia tannourinensis (Chevin). The current study assesses the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) endemic to the forest for their potential use as biocontrol agents in an integrated pest management to control C. tannourinensis. A survey was conducted using Galleria mellonella baits in fifteen selected sites taking into consideration the cedars' different habitats. One EPN species, Steinernema feltiae, as determined by morphometric and molecular analyses, was found in one site in the forest and was tested under laboratory conditions against C. tannourinensis prepupae, causing a mortality of 64% at 250 Infective Juveniles (IJs)/prepupa. In light of previous studies, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (commercial strain) was accordingly considered for the controlled in situ experiments where the pathogenicity of this EPN was evaluated on C. tannourinensis. A concentration of 625,000 IJs/m(2) of H. bacteriophora caused a mortality rate of 85% on C. tannourinensis following inundative treatments conducted in jars buried in the forest's soil. While EPN succeeded to emerge from G. mellonella cadavers under the same conditions, no EPN emerged out of C. tannourinensis despite the high mortality percentage; also, opportunistic nematodes emerged unexpectedly out of C. tannourinensis cadavers.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. A novel approach for mapping wheat areas using high resolution Sentinel-2 images

Author: T. Darwish, Hatem Belhouchette, Mario Mhawej, Ghaleb Faour, Nicolas Baghdadi, Salem Darwich, Ali Nasrallah, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Libanaise, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: INDICATORS, Winter cereal, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IMAGE SATELLITE, 0211 other engineering and technologies, PRODUCTION AGRICOLE, 02 engineering and technology, Agricultural engineering, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, MEASUREMENT, wheat, WHEATS, LIBAN, lcsh:TP1-1185, MESURE, Instrumentation, INDICE DE VEGETATION, 2. Zero hunger, RADAR A SYNTHESE D'OUVERTURE, Ground truth, Food security, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, CULTURE D'HIVER, Staple food, CARTOGRAPHY, Triticale, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, WINTER CROPS, BEKAA, Geography, BLE, DONNEE DE PRODUCTION, IMAGING TECHNIQUES, SURFACE, NDVI, Context (language use), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Article, PRODUCTION DATA, CLASSIFICATION, REMOTE SENSING, tree-like approach, INDICATEUR, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, SURVEILLANCE, APPROCHE ARBORESCENTE, CAPTEUR, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, AIDE A LA DECISION, TELEDETECTION, CARTOGRAPHIE, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, LEBANON, crop classification, 15. Life on land, SURFACE AREA, DECISION SUPPORT, Agriculture, Sentinel-2, business
Abstract: Global wheat production reached 754.8 million tons in 2017, according to the FAO database. While wheat is considered as a staple food for many populations across the globe, mapping wheat could be an effective tool to achieve the SDG2 sustainable development goal&mdash, End Hunger and Secure Food Security. In Lebanon, this crop is supported financially, and sometimes technically, by the Lebanese government. However, there is a lack of statistical databases, at both national and regional scales, as well as critical information much needed in the subsidy and compensation system. In this context, this study proposes an innovative approach, named Simple and Effective Wheat Mapping Approach (SEWMA), to map the winter wheat areas grown in the Bekaa plain, the primary wheat production area in Lebanon, in the years of 2016 and 2017. The proposed methodology is a tree-like approach relying on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values of four-month period that coincides with several phenological stages of wheat (i.e., tillering, stem extension, heading, flowering and ripening). The usage of the freely available Sentinel-2 imageries, with a high spatial (10 m) and temporal (5 days) resolutions, was necessary, particularly due to the small sized and overlapped plots encountered in the study area. Concerning the wheat areas, results show that there was a decrease from 11,063 &plusmn, 1309 ha in 2016 to 7605 &plusmn, 1184 in 2017. When SEWMA was applied using 2016 ground truth data, the overall accuracy reached 87.0% on 2017 data, whereas, when implemented using 2017 ground truth data, the overall accuracy was 82.6% on 2016 data. The novelty resides in executing early classification output (up to six weeks before harvest) as well as distinguishing wheat from other winter cereal crops with similar NDVI yearly profiles (i.e., barley and triticale). SEWMA offers a simple, yet effective and budget-saving approach providing early-season classification information, very crucial to decision support systems and the Lebanese government concerning, but not limited to, food production, trade, management and agricultural financial support.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Study of the degradation process of ofloxacin with free chlorine by using ESI-LCMSMS: Kinetic study, by-products formation pathways and fragmentation mechanisms

Author: Maha Hoteit, Montaha Yassine, Mohammad Al iskandarani, Ahmad Rifai, Patrick Mazellier, National Council of Scientific Research (NCSR), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory of Analysis of Organic Pollutants (LAOP), B. P. 11- 8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon, Equipe LPTC - Laboratoire EPOC (CNRS/université de Bordeaux) - Bordeaux, France, National Council of Scientific Research (NCSR), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory of Analysis of Organic Pollutants (LAOP), B. P. 11- 8281, Riad El Solh, 1107 2260, Beirut, Lebanon., Faculty of Public Health-Section I, Beyrouth, Lebanon, and Faculty of Public Health-Section I, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
Subjects: Ofloxacin, Environmental Engineering, Halogenation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, Ofloxacine, Ion, Water Purification, LCMSMS, chemistry.chemical_compound, Degradation, Reaction rate constant, Computational chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Formation and fragmentation pathways, Chlorine, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Environmental Chemistry, Chlorination, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Thiosulfate, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Substrate (chemistry), General Medicine, General Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Disinfection, Kinetic study, Water chlorination, Kinetics, chemistry, Reagent, Water Pollutants, Chemical, medicine.drug, Chromatography, Liquid, Half-Life
Abstract: International audience; This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the fate of fluoroquinolone antibacterial ofloxacin (OFX) which is the free available chlorine (FAC) in order to determine its effect during water chlorination process. The Direct reactions of FAC with OFX were quite rapid. A half-life of 7.7 s was measured under pseudo-first order conditions in the presence of an excess of total chlorine ([FAC]0 = 13 μM and [OFX]0 = 0.55 μM at pH 7.2 and 20 °C in buffered reagent water. Free chlorine reactions rates were of first-order type in both substrate and oxidant with specific second-order rate constants of 6.8 × 103 M-1 s-1. No induced back reactions or other interference by using thiosulfate to stop the chlorination reaction was shown. The seven products of the reaction were determined by using the LC/MS/MS analysis. Structures were investigated due to the explication of transitions obtained at different CID energies by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Pathways of the formations of these by-products were presented in this study and pathways of the fragmentations of pseudo molecular ions of the structures proposed were presented in supplementary files.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. View selection for sketch-based 3D model retrieval using visual part shape description

Author: Zahraa Yasseen, Anne Verroust-Blondet, Ahmad Nasri, Robotics & Intelligent Transportation Systems (RITS), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research(CNRS) : a Ph.d. Scholarship given to Zahraa Yasseen and a research grant awarded to Ahmad Nasri.
Subjects: Side view, 02 engineering and technology, 2D Shape description, Silhouette, Computer graphics, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Symmetry estimation, Sketch-based 3D object retrieval, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Selection (linguistics), Computer vision, Projection (set theory), Mathematics, business.industry, Perspective (graphical), 020207 software engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Object (philosophy), Sketch, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Best view selection, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, Symmetry (geometry), business, Software
Abstract: International audience; Hand drawings are the imprints of shapes in human’s mind. How a human expresses a shape is a consequence of how he or she visualizes it. A query-by-sketch 3D object retrieval application is closely tied to this concept from two aspects. First, describing sketches must involve elements in a figure that matter most to a human. Second, the representative 2D projection of the target 3D objects should be limited to “the canonical views” from a human cognition perspective. We advocate for these two rules by presenting a new approach for sketch-based 3D object retrieval that describes a 2D shape by the visual protruding parts of its silhouette. Furthermore, we present a list of candidate 2D projections that represent the canonical views of a 3D object. The general rule is that humans would visually avoid part occlusion and symmetry. We quantify the extent of part occlusion of the projected silhouettes of 3D objects by skeletal length computations. Sorting the projected views in the decreasing order of skeletal lengths gives access to a subset of the best representative views. We experimentally show how views that cause misinterpretation and mismatching can be detected according to the part occlusion criteria. We also propose criteria for locating side, off axis, or asymmetric views.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Oxidation of danofloxacin by free chlorine—kinetic study, structural identification of by-products by LC–MS/MS and potential toxicity of by-products using in silico test

Author: Ahmad Rifai, Samah Doumyati, Mohamad Al Iskandarani, Patrick Mazellier, Montaha Yassine, Aurélien Trivella, Hélène Budzinski, National Council of Scientific Research (CNRS)-Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory of Analysis of Organic Pollutants (LAOP), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon., EPOC, L'équipe de Physico et Toxico Chimie de l'Environnement, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5805, 33400, Talence, France., Dr. Faculté de Santé Publique, Section I, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon., and National Council of Scientific Research (CNRS)-Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory of Analysis of Organic Pollutants (LAOP), 11-8281, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2260, Lebanon. mohamad_isk@hotmail.com.
Subjects: Halogenation, Danofloxacin, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Kinetics, Developmental toxicity, Cyprinidae, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, Water Purification, Lethal Dose 50, Reaction rate constant, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, medicine, Chlorine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Chlorination, Computer Simulation, Toxicity prediction, Degradation pathways, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, Chemistry, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rats, Kinetic study, Water chlorination, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Oxidation-Reduction, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Degradation products, medicine.drug, Chromatography, Liquid, Fluoroquinolones
Abstract: In this study, we aimed to investigate the kinetics and the mechanism of reaction of the fluoroquinolone antibacterial danofloxacin (DANO) by free available chlorine (FAC) during water chlorination process. Kinetic study was thus performed at pH 7.2, 20 °C in the presence of an excess of total chlorine. Under these experimental conditions, a second-order reaction rate constant (first-order relative to DANO concentration and first-order relative to FAC concentration) was evaluated to k~1446 M−1 s−1. Five degradation products were identified at different reaction times. Their structures were investigated by using fragmentations obtained at different CID collision energies in MS/MS experiments. Moreover, the toxicity of the proposed structures was predicted by using T.E.S.T. program. The results indicated that all by-products may have a developmental toxicity. The oral rat LD50 concentration was predicted to be lower than that of DANO. Furthermore, two degradation compounds presented a concentration level for fathead minnow LC50 (96 h) lower than that of DANO and presented toxicity for the marine animals.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Feeding the pyramid builders: Early agriculture at Giza in Egypt

Author: Sheisha, Hader, Kaniewski, David, Marriner, Nick, Djamali, Morteza, Younes, Gamal, Chen, Zhongyuan, El-Qady, Gad, Saleem, Amr, Khater, Carla, Véron, Alain, Anthony, Edward, Abdelmaguid, Mohamed Mustapha, Abouarab, Mohamed A.R., Akacha, Zahra, Ilie, Maria, Morhange, Christophe, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Europôle méditerranéen de l'Arbois, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de Biologie et Géosciences, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3, France, Ain Shams University (ASU), SKLEC-State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics [Helwan] (NRIAG), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Centre de Recherche en Gestion (CEREGE), Université de Poitiers, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Kafrelsheikh University, Department of Archaeology – Durham University, FSHST-CGMED, Université de Tunis, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest (UniBuc), Archéologie et Philologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Sciences de l'Antiquité - ENS Paris (DSA ENS-PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Livestock breeding, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, giza necropolis, Dynastic Egypt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agriculture, Palynology, khufu branch of the Nile
Abstract: International audience; While the exact technical processes employed in the construction of the pyramids are still a subject of ongoing debate, it is widely recognized that the Giza Plateau served as a hub where various trades converged with the common objective of building the necropolis. Of particular importance was the development of a local and sustainable food supply for the thousands of laborers involved in this monumental undertaking. Here, we explore the long-term behavioural mechanisms that led human societies to gradually colonize the Nile swamps at Giza. They developed herding and farming, paving the way for greater human exploitation of the area during the Dynastic Egypt. We show that transhumance tribes, originally from the Eastern Sahara, settled along the Giza Plateau 5200 years ago, primarilyengaging in herding and, more sporadically, agriculture. Giza was transformed into a pastoral landscape, with the development of large swaths of the floodplain, providing societies with permanent access to livestock produce (e.g. proteins, milk, meat and wool). Our palaeoecological data reveal that the initial complex societies at Giza were deeply rooted in transhumance, pastoralism and animal husbandry. These activities played a fundamental role in establishing the foundations of a robust and sustainable food system, while also serving as a crucial logistical support for the subsequent construction of the monumental structures that celebrated the grandeur of pharaonic Egypt.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Pertinence of protected areas networks in biodiversity conservation strategies: insights from an eastern Mediterranean context

Author: Errol Vela, Ali Khalife, Thierry Tatoni, Rita El-Hajj, Carla Kahter, National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Libanaise, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, Biodiversity, Distribution (economics), Context (language use), Land cover, Protected Areas, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, Indicators, biodiversité, aires protégées, critères, indicateurs, SIG, Liban, Ecosystem, Lebanon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Soil map, Ecology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Environmental resource management, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, GIS, Criteria, 010601 ecology, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, biodiversity, protected areas, criteria, indicators, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 050703 geography
Abstract: Biodiversity conservation has become one of today’s major challenges in a complex socio-ecological context, where common socioeconomic needs for resources exploitation are confronted to striking ecological conservation priorities. Protected areas constitute the key foundation for national and international strategies of effective biodiversity and ecosystems conservation. This paper assesses the effectiveness of protected areas networks in representing key ecological assemblages in Mediterranean environments. Based on a spatial interpretation of the distribution of existing and «preset » protected areas in Lebanon, and the analysis of their coherence with key ecological conservation needs, the pertinence of protected areas designation with respect to biodiversity conservation priorities is assessed. Analysis is performed through the overlay of the protected areas map of Lebanon with that of the areas of high ecological conservation value, the land cover/ land use map, the soil map, and the overlaid map of bioclimatic and vegetation levels. A chi-square statistic is also used to significantly compare and assess the distribution of existing protected areas according to land cover, soil and bioclimatic/ vegetation aspects. Results exhibit that the existing network of protected areas does not represent the country’s main ecological assets in terms of species richness, soil specificities, important areas for biodiversity, and key eco-complexes. Current protected areas designation seems to answer very particular needs and to follow sociopolitical opportunities in Lebanon (in particular) and the Mediterranean (in general), while it should be based on pertinent ecological and socioeconomic criteria that would highlight the relevance and priority for conservation measures. Rethinking/ widening the government efforts towards biodiversity protection is thus identified as a major need., Marginalisée des considérations nationales, surtout en termes de prise de décisions et lors de l’élaboration de politiques territoriales, la biodiversité représente le maillon faible de la chaîne des considérations environnementales, notamment en Méditerranée. Les aires protégées constituent les piliers fondamentaux des stratégies nationales et internationales de conservation de la biodiversité. Répondant aux exigences de la convention pour la biodiversité, le Liban a entamé la désignation d’aires protégées depuis 1930. Si le réseau actuel regroupe quinze réserves naturelles, trente-deux sites et monuments naturels, vingt-sept forêts protégées, quinze Himas, trois réserves de biosphère, quatre sites Ramsar et cinq sites du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO, seules les réserves naturelles et les sites naturels disposent d’un cadre juridique, bien qu’incomplet. Il n’existe ni de critères propres aux différentes catégories d’aires protégées ni de mécanismes de désignation bien définis. Une analyse spatiale de la distribution des aires protégées au Liban, basée sur la superposition de la carte du réseau actuel d’aires protégées sur les cartes des zones à importance écologique de conservation (IPA et IBA), la carte des sols, la carte du mode d’occupation des sol, la carte des étages de végétation et la carte des étages bioclimatiques, montre que ce réseau ne couvre pas les principales richesses écologiques que l’on retrouve sur le territoire. La désignation actuelle des aires protégées semble répondre à un pattern sociopolitique opportuniste plutôt qu’écologique et celles-ci seraient principalement vouées à la conservation de quelques espèces phares ou d’habitats d’espèces protégées ou vulnérables. Au-delà de cette considération écologique de base, les critères orientant le choix de conservation semblent totalement absents ou subjectifs. Dans un contexte où, conserver la biodiversité et les écosystèmes naturels revient à les classer par ordre prioritaire d’intervention, il s’agit surtout de proposer une démarche objective, basée sur une combinaison de descripteurs écologiques et socio-économiques, permettant d’orienter les mesures de protection pour les rendre plus efficaces., El-Hajj Sawaya Rita, Khater Carla, Vela Errol, Khalife Ali, Tatoni Thierry. Pertinence of protected areas networks in biodiversity conservation strategies: insights from an eastern Mediterranean context. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 42 n°2, 2016. pp. 5-19.
Published: 2016

22. Environmental changes over the past 25 000 years in the southern Middle Atlas, Morocco

Author: Tabel, Jalal, Khater, Carla, Rhoujjati, Ali, Dezileau, Laurent, Bouimetarhan, Ilham, Carre, Matthieu, Vidal, Laurence, Benkaddour, Abdelfattah, Nourelbait, Majda, Cheddadi, Rachid, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Laboratoire Géoressources, Morocco, Risques (Géosciences Montpellier), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia [Marrakech], Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Laboratoire de Géo-ressources, Unité associée au CNRST (URAC 42) (LGR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; A new fossil record from the southern Middle Atlas spans continuously the last 25000 years and provides evidence of an increased amount of snow precipitation during the last glacial period and a warm early Holocene with rather dry climate conditions. This environmental reconstruction is based on a multi-proxy approach that integrates pollen, micro-charcoals, grain size and geochemical analysis. During the last glacial period we observe a strong presence of aquatic plants species that today flower during late spring and summer. These occurrences are related to an increased amount of snow precipitation on the surrounding mountains which fed the marsh during the summer season. Although the early Holocene reveals a slight and steady expansion of Mediterranean oaks, the semi-arid Artemisia steppe remained dominant in the landscape until 6.8ka cal BP. Thus, the early Holocene seems to have been less humid than elsewhere in North Africa. The Atlas cedars began to establish around 6ka cal BP. This indicates that the amount of annual rainfall increased after the mid-Holocene. The late Holocene is marked by an increase of fire events, which may be related to a strengthening of the dry season and/or a higher seasonality. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Effect of agricultural practices and coastal constraints on soil microbial functional properties in Mediterranean olive orchards

Author: Boukhdoud, Nathalie, Gros, R, Darwish, T., Farnet Da Silva, Anne Marie, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], and National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L)
Subjects: parasitic diseases, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract: International audience; This research examines how agricultural practices commonly used in Lebanese olive tree orchards (no-tillage, co-culture with Vicia sativa L. var. sativa and conventional tillage) affect soil microbial and chemical characteristics, and whether this depends on geographical context (coastal or inland areas). Four coastal and four inland sampling sites were selected, and at each site three practices were considered (one practice per plot). For each plot (200m(2)), 20 soil samples were taken and homogenized to obtain a composite sample from which soil was characterized chemically and microbiologically. Differences in chemical properties (smaller N content and alkyl C fraction in the coastal area) depended on geographical location rather than on agricultural practices. For microbial properties, catabolic structure varied with geographical location; the index of catabolic diversity was larger in the coastal area. Importantly, the basal respiration was similar in both areas although the soil contained less nitrogen (N) in the coastal area. The negative effect of conventional tillage on microbial functioning of the soil was observed only in relation to geographical location. We found that this effect was reduced by co-culture, for example with Vicia sativa L. var. sativa. Our study reveals that geographical location affects how agricultural practices affect soil properties (in the coastal area, enhanced mineralization of labile C and change in microbial catabolic profile). This suggests that soil management should take into account the environmental conditions specific to coastal areas, which enhance the adverse effects of conventional tillage. Consequently, this type of management should not be implemented in coastal areas of the Mediterranean.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Hydrological response characteristics of Mediterranean catchments: a review

Author: Merheb, Mohammed, Moussa, Roger, Abdallah, Chadi, Colin, François, Perrin, C., Baghdadi, Nicolas, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN)
Subjects: BASSIN VERSANT, RISQUE NATUREL, HYDROLOGIE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, drought, flood risk, natural risk, TELEDETECTION, MODELISATION
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; This work examines 140 hydrological studies conducted in the Mediterranean region. It identifies key characteristics of the hydrological responses of Mediterranean catchments at various time scales and compares different methods and modelling approaches used for individualcatchmentstudies. The study area is divided into the northwestern (NWM), eastern (EM) and southern (SM) Mediterranean. The analysis indicates regional discrepancies in which the NWM shows the most extreme rainfall regime. A tendency for reduced water resources driven by both anthropogenic and climatic pressures and a more extreme rainfall regime are also noticeable. Catchments show very heterogeneous responses over time and space, resulting in limitations in hydrological modelling and large uncertainties in predictions. However, few models have been developed to address these issues. Additional studies are necessary to improve the knowledge of Mediterranean hydrological features and to account for regional specificities.
Published: 2016

25. Presence of entomopathogenic nematodes along the coastal area in Lebanon

Author: Noujeim, Elise, Sakr, Joe, Fanelli, Elena, Toccoli, Alberto, Pages, Sylvie, Tarasco, Eustachio, De Luca, Francesca, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), National Research Council (CNR), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti (DISSPA), National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: nématodes entomopathogènes Steinernema Heterorhabditis, nématode entomopathogène, sequence analysis, insect nematodes, heterorhabditis, liban, lutte biologique, analyse de séquences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, génomique des populations, steinernema
Abstract: Presence of entomopathogenic nematodes along the coastal area in Lebanon. 21. Conférence Scientifique Internationale du LAAS
Published: 2015

26. A fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard model for Lebanon, controlling parameters and hazard levels

Author: Sarah El Kadri, C. Beauval, M. Brax, PY. Bard, M. Vergnolle, Y. Klinger, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), and ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010)
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Moment-balanced earthquake recurrence model, Active faults, Building and Construction, Lebanon, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Ground-motions, Civil and Structural Engineering, Seismic hazard assessment
Abstract: The present work develops a comprehensive probabilistic seismic hazard study for Lebanon, a country prone to a high seismic hazard since it is located along the Levant fault system. The historical seismicity has documented devastating earthquakes which have struck this area. Contrarily, the instrumental period is typical of a low-to-moderate seismicity region. The source model built is made of a smoothed seismicity earthquake forecast based on the Lebanese instrumental catalog, combined with a fault model including major and best-characterized faults in the area. Earthquake frequencies on faults are inferred from geological as well as geodetic slip rates. Uncertainties at every step are tracked and a sensitivity study is led to identify which parameters and decisions most influence hazard estimates. The results demonstrate that the choice of the recurrence model, exponential or characteristic, impacts the most the hazard, followed by the uncertainty on the slip rate, on the maximum magnitude that may break faults, and on the minimum magnitude applied to faults. At return periods larger than or equal to 475 years, the hazard in Lebanon is fully controlled by the sources on faults, and the off-fault model has a negligible contribution. We establish a source model logic tree populated with the key parameters, and combine this logic tree with three ground-motion models (GMMs) potentially adapted to the Levant region. A specific study is led in Beirut, located on the hanging-wall of the Mount Lebanon fault to understand where the contributions come from in terms of magnitudes, distances and sources. Running hazard calculations based on the logic tree, distributions of hazard estimates are obtained for selected sites, as well as seismic hazard maps at the scale of the country. Considering the PGA at 475 years of return period, mean hazard values found are larger than 0.3g for sites within a distance of 20 to 30km from the main strand of the Levant Fault, as well as in the coastal region in-between Saida and Tripoli (≥ 0.4g considering the 84 th percentile). The study provides detailed information on the hazard levels to expect in Lebanon, with the associated uncertainties, constituting a solid basis that may help taking decisions in the perspective of future updates of the Lebanese building code.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Ανάλυση και μοντελοποίηση της οξίνισης στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα

Author: Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRSL), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Catherine GOYET, and Marie ABBOUD-ABI SAAB
Subjects: Méditerranée, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Modeling, Dr. très honorable, Mediterranean, Anthropogenic CO2, Water masses, acidification, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], masse d’eau, système des carbonates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Carbonate system, CO2 anthropique, modélisation
Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to contribute in the estimation of the anthropogenic CO2 concentrations (CANT) and the acidification in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as to predict the future acidification variations. Firstly, it is necessary to study the distribution of the hydrological (Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization) and the carbonate system (total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon) parameters based on the MedSeA cruise data, collected between the 2nd of May and the 2nd of June 2013. Then, the water masses have been characterized and linear regressions between the salinity and the carbonate system parameters (AT and CT) have been established for every single Mediterranean sub-basin, at all depths. Moreover, the calculation of water masses mixing coefficients in the two main basins of the Mediterranean Sea, allowed to study the evolution of its water masses between 2008 and 2013. Afterwards, the concentrations of the CANT were estimated via TrOCA approach. All Mediterranean waters are contaminated by the CANT with concentrations (between 35.2 and 101.9 µmol kg-1, below 300 m) pretty higher than those recorded for other oceanic areas. This fact indicates that the CANT is, unfortunately, efficiently transferred from the atmosphere to the Mediterranean waters. In general, the Oriental basin is less contaminated by the CANT than the Occidental one. In addition, the acidification variation (ΔpHpreindustriel-2013) in the Mediterranean Sea varies from 0.055 to 0.156 unity of pH. It shows that all the Mediterranean waters are already acidified, particularly those of the Occidental basin where the ΔpH is rarely below 0.1 unity of pH. Based on the most optimistic IPCC scenario (B1, 2001), the established model in this study predicts an acidification increase of 0.5263 and 0.5571 for the Oriental and Occidental basins respectively by 2100. Whereas, it forecasts, with the most pessimistic IPCC scenario (A1F1 ; 2001), a ΔpH increase of 1.3998 and 1.4103 in the Oriental and Occidental sub-basins respectively, at the end of this century. Furthermore, this model indicates that the actual acidification level is very fast and it tends to increase more dramatically in the near future (few years). Although both Mediterranean basins are oversaturated with respect to calcite and aragonite, the Occidental basin is characterized by lower carbonate concentrations and saturation levels than the other basin. This observation demonstrates that at long time scale, the pH decrease may influence the carbonate ions dissolution and thus, the biological activity of many marine organisms, especially the calcareous ones.; L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’estimation des concentrations du CO2 anthropique (CANT) et de l’acidification en Mer Méditerranée, ainsi que d’estimer les variations futures de cette acidification. Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire d’étudier la formation et le devenir des masses d’eau en Méditerranée, ainsi que la distribution des paramètres hydrologiques (température, salinité, oxygène dissous) et du système des carbonates (alcalinité totale et carbone inorganique total) en se basant sur des données collectées durant la mission MedSeA, réalisée entre le 2 mai et le 2 juin 2013. Les masses d’eau ont été caractérisées et des régressions linéaires entre l’alcalinité totale et la salinité (AT-S) d’une part, et entre le carbone total inorganique et la salinité (CT-S) d’autre part, ont été établies pour chaque sous-bassin méditerranéen. De plus, le calcul des coefficients de mélange des masses d’eau dans les deux bassins méditerranéens principaux, permet d’étudier l’évolution des masses d’eau dans cette mer entre les années 2008 et 2013. Dans un deuxième temps, les concentrations du CANT sont estimées par l’approche TrOCA. Toutes les eaux méditerranéennes semblent contaminées par le CO2 anthropique avec des concentrations (entre 35,2 et 101,9 µmol kg-1 au dessous de 300 m) bien plus élevées que celles enregistrées dans les autres océans. Le CANT est donc, malheureusement, efficacement transféré de l’atmosphère vers les eaux méditerranéennes. En général, le bassin Oriental est moins contaminé par le CANT que le bassin Occidental. La variation d’acidification (ΔpHpréindustrielle-2013) en Mer Méditerranée varie de 0,055 à 0,156 unités de pH. Elle indique que toutes les eaux méditerranéennes sont déjà acidifiées, surtout celles du bassin Occidental où le ΔpH est rarement inférieur à 0,1 unité de pH. En se basant sur le scénario le plus optimiste de l’IPCC (B1, 2001), le modèle établi dans cette étude prédit en 2100 une augmentation de l’acidification égale à 0,5263 dans le bassin Oriental et 0,5571 dans le bassin Occidental. Avec le scénario le plus pessimiste d’IPCC (A1F1 ; 2001), on prévoit en 2100 une augmentation de ΔpH égale à 1,3998 et 1,4103 respectivement dans le bassin Oriental et le bassin Occidental. De plus, ce modèle indique que le niveau d’acidification est très rapide actuellement et aura tendance à augmenter d’une façon encore plus rapide dans quelques années. Bien que les deux bassins méditerranéens sont sursaturés respectivement en calcite et en aragonite, le bassin Occidental est caractérisé par des concentrations plus faibles en ions carbonates et des degrés de saturation inférieurs à ceux enregistrés dans l’autre bassin. Ceci indique qu’à long terme la diminution du pH pourrait influencer la dissolution des ions carbonates et ensuite l’activité biologique de plusieurs organismes marins, surtout les calcifiants.
Published: 2014

28. Analyse und Modellierung der Säuerung im Mittelmeer

Author: Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRSL), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Catherine GOYET, and Marie ABBOUD-ABI SAAB
Subjects: Méditerranée, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Modeling, Dr. très honorable, Mediterranean, Anthropogenic CO2, Water masses, acidification, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], masse d’eau, système des carbonates, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Sea, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Carbonate system, CO2 anthropique, modélisation
Abstract: The objective of this thesis is to contribute in the estimation of the anthropogenic CO2 concentrations (CANT) and the acidification in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as to predict the future acidification variations. Firstly, it is necessary to study the distribution of the hydrological (Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization) and the carbonate system (total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon) parameters based on the MedSeA cruise data, collected between the 2nd of May and the 2nd of June 2013. Then, the water masses have been characterized and linear regressions between the salinity and the carbonate system parameters (AT and CT) have been established for every single Mediterranean sub-basin, at all depths. Moreover, the calculation of water masses mixing coefficients in the two main basins of the Mediterranean Sea, allowed to study the evolution of its water masses between 2008 and 2013. Afterwards, the concentrations of the CANT were estimated via TrOCA approach. All Mediterranean waters are contaminated by the CANT with concentrations (between 35.2 and 101.9 µmol kg-1, below 300 m) pretty higher than those recorded for other oceanic areas. This fact indicates that the CANT is, unfortunately, efficiently transferred from the atmosphere to the Mediterranean waters. In general, the Oriental basin is less contaminated by the CANT than the Occidental one. In addition, the acidification variation (ΔpHpreindustriel-2013) in the Mediterranean Sea varies from 0.055 to 0.156 unity of pH. It shows that all the Mediterranean waters are already acidified, particularly those of the Occidental basin where the ΔpH is rarely below 0.1 unity of pH. Based on the most optimistic IPCC scenario (B1, 2001), the established model in this study predicts an acidification increase of 0.5263 and 0.5571 for the Oriental and Occidental basins respectively by 2100. Whereas, it forecasts, with the most pessimistic IPCC scenario (A1F1 ; 2001), a ΔpH increase of 1.3998 and 1.4103 in the Oriental and Occidental sub-basins respectively, at the end of this century. Furthermore, this model indicates that the actual acidification level is very fast and it tends to increase more dramatically in the near future (few years). Although both Mediterranean basins are oversaturated with respect to calcite and aragonite, the Occidental basin is characterized by lower carbonate concentrations and saturation levels than the other basin. This observation demonstrates that at long time scale, the pH decrease may influence the carbonate ions dissolution and thus, the biological activity of many marine organisms, especially the calcareous ones.; L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’estimation des concentrations du CO2 anthropique (CANT) et de l’acidification en Mer Méditerranée, ainsi que d’estimer les variations futures de cette acidification. Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire d’étudier la formation et le devenir des masses d’eau en Méditerranée, ainsi que la distribution des paramètres hydrologiques (température, salinité, oxygène dissous) et du système des carbonates (alcalinité totale et carbone inorganique total) en se basant sur des données collectées durant la mission MedSeA, réalisée entre le 2 mai et le 2 juin 2013. Les masses d’eau ont été caractérisées et des régressions linéaires entre l’alcalinité totale et la salinité (AT-S) d’une part, et entre le carbone total inorganique et la salinité (CT-S) d’autre part, ont été établies pour chaque sous-bassin méditerranéen. De plus, le calcul des coefficients de mélange des masses d’eau dans les deux bassins méditerranéens principaux, permet d’étudier l’évolution des masses d’eau dans cette mer entre les années 2008 et 2013. Dans un deuxième temps, les concentrations du CANT sont estimées par l’approche TrOCA. Toutes les eaux méditerranéennes semblent contaminées par le CO2 anthropique avec des concentrations (entre 35,2 et 101,9 µmol kg-1 au dessous de 300 m) bien plus élevées que celles enregistrées dans les autres océans. Le CANT est donc, malheureusement, efficacement transféré de l’atmosphère vers les eaux méditerranéennes. En général, le bassin Oriental est moins contaminé par le CANT que le bassin Occidental. La variation d’acidification (ΔpHpréindustrielle-2013) en Mer Méditerranée varie de 0,055 à 0,156 unités de pH. Elle indique que toutes les eaux méditerranéennes sont déjà acidifiées, surtout celles du bassin Occidental où le ΔpH est rarement inférieur à 0,1 unité de pH. En se basant sur le scénario le plus optimiste de l’IPCC (B1, 2001), le modèle établi dans cette étude prédit en 2100 une augmentation de l’acidification égale à 0,5263 dans le bassin Oriental et 0,5571 dans le bassin Occidental. Avec le scénario le plus pessimiste d’IPCC (A1F1 ; 2001), on prévoit en 2100 une augmentation de ΔpH égale à 1,3998 et 1,4103 respectivement dans le bassin Oriental et le bassin Occidental. De plus, ce modèle indique que le niveau d’acidification est très rapide actuellement et aura tendance à augmenter d’une façon encore plus rapide dans quelques années. Bien que les deux bassins méditerranéens sont sursaturés respectivement en calcite et en aragonite, le bassin Occidental est caractérisé par des concentrations plus faibles en ions carbonates et des degrés de saturation inférieurs à ceux enregistrés dans l’autre bassin. Ceci indique qu’à long terme la diminution du pH pourrait influencer la dissolution des ions carbonates et ensuite l’activité biologique de plusieurs organismes marins, surtout les calcifiants.
Published: 2014

29. Landslides induced by the 2017 Mw7.3 Sarpol Zahab earthquake (Iran)

Author: Aya Cheaib, Pascal Lacroix, Swann Zerathe, Denis Jongmans, Najmeh Ajorlou, Marie-Pierre Doin, James Hollingsworth, Chadi Abdallah, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences [Zanjan] (IASBS), and National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Abstract: International audience; Landslides are the main secondary effects of earthquakes in mountainous areas. The spatial distribution of these landslides is controlled by the local seismic ground motion and the local slope stability. While gravitational instabilities in arid and semi-arid environments are understudied, we document the landslides triggered by the Sarpol Zahab earthquake (November 12, 2017, Mw7.3, Iran/Iraq border), the largest event ever recorded in the semi-arid Zagros Mountains. An original earthquake-induced landslide inventory was derived, encompassing landslides of various sizes and velocities (from rapid disrupted rockfalls to slow-moving coherent landslides). This inventory confirms the low level of triggered landslides in semi-arid environments. It also displays clear differences in the spatial and volumetric distributions of earthquake-induced landslides, having 386 rockfalls of limited size triggered around the epicenter, and 9 giant (areas of ca. 106 m2) active and ancient deep-seated landslides coseismically accelerated at locations up to 180 km from the epicenter. This unusual distant triggering is discussed and interpreted as an interaction between the earthquake source properties and the local geological conditions, emphasizing the key role of seismic ground motion variability at short spatial scales in triggering landslides. Finally, the study documents the kinematics of slow-moving ancient landslides accelerated by earthquakes, and opens up new perspectives for studying landslide triggering over short (~ 1–10 years) and long-time (~ 1000–10,000 years) periods.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Climate change threatens olive oil production in the Levant

Author: David Kaniewski, Nick Marriner, Christophe Morhange, Carla Khater, Jean-Frédéric Terral, Guillaume Besnard, Thierry Otto, Frédéric Luce, Quentin Couillebault, Labrini Tsitsou, Majid Pourkerman, Rachid Cheddadi, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CNRS, Toulouse, France, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), and MITI CNRS‘Evénements rares’, AQUASANMARCO program
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plant Science
Abstract: International audience; The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the species best adapted to a Mediterranean-type climate. Nonetheless, the Mediterranean Basin is deemed to be a climate change ‘hotspot’ by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change because future model projections suggest considerable warming and drying. Within this context, new environmental challenges will arise in the coming decades, which will both weaken and threaten olive-growing areas, leading to a loss of productivity and changes in fruit and oil quality. Olive growing, a core of the Mediterranean economy, might soon be under stress. To probe the link between climate and olive trees, we here report 5,400 years of olive tree dynamics from the ancient city of Tyre, Lebanon. We show that optimal fruiting scales closely with temperature. Present-day and palaeo data define an optimal annual average temperature of 16.9 ± 0.3 °C for olive flowering that has existed at least since the Neolithic period. According to our projections, during the second half of the twenty-first century, temperature increases in Lebanon will have detrimental consequences on olive tree growth and olive oil production, especially in the country’s southern regions, which will become too hot for optimal flowering and fruiting. These data provide a template to understand present and future thresholds of olive production under climate change.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Seismic and air monitoring observatory for greater Beirut : a citizen observatory of the 'urban health' of Beirut

Author: Cornou, Cecile, Drapeau, Laurent, El Bakouny, Youssef, Lahoud, Samer, Polikovitch, Alain, Abdallah, Chadi, Abou Chakra, Charbel, Afif, Charbel, Al Bitar, Ahmad, Cartier, Stephane, Fanice, Pascal, Fenianos, Johnny, Guillier, Bertrand, Khater, Carla, Khoury, Gabriel, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), CNRS – GDRI 0851, France-Chine Stem cells and Regenerative medicine, National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), UN-HABITAT, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Arts Sciences and Technology University (.) (AUL)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Already sensitive because of its geology (seismic-tsunamic risk) and its interface between arid and temperate ecosystems, the Mediterranean Basin is being transformed by climate change and major urban pressure on resources and spaces. Lebanon concentrates on a small territory the environmental, climatic, health, social and political crises of the Middle East: shortages and degradation of surface and groundwater quality, air pollution, landscape fragmentation, destruction of ecosystems, erosion of biodiversity, telluric risks and very few mechanisms of information, prevention and protection against these vulnerabilities. Further, Lebanon is sorely lacking in environmental data at sufficient temporal and spatial scales to cover the range of key phenomena and to allow the integration of environmental issues for the country's development. This absence was sadly illustrated during the August 4th, 2020, explosion at the port of Beirut, which hindered the effective management of induced threats to protect the inhabitants. In this degraded context combined with a systemic crisis situation in Lebanon, frugal innovation is more than an option, it is a necessity. Initiated in 2021 within the framework of the O-LIFE lebanese-french research consortium (www.o-life.org), the « Seismic and air monitoring observatory for greater Beirut » (SMOAG) project aims at setting up a citizen observatory of the urban health of Beirut by deploying innovative, connected, low-cost, energy-efficient and robust environmental and seismological instruments. Through co-constructed web services and mobile applications with various stakeholders (citizens, NGOs, decision makers and scientists), the SMOAG citizen observatory will contribute to the information and mobilization of Lebanese citizens and managers by sharing the monitoring of key indicators associated with air quality, heat islands and building stability, essential issues for a sustainable Beirut.The first phase of the project was dedicated to the development of a low-cost environmental sensor enabling pollution and urban weather measurements (particle matters, SO2, CO, O3, N02, solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, humidity, rainfall) and to the development of all the software infrastructure, from data acquisition to the synoptic indicators accessible via web and mobile application, while following the standards of the Sensor Web Enablement and Sensor Observation System of the OGC and to the FAIR principles (Easy to find, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). A website and Android/IOS applications for the restitution of data and indicators and a dashboard allowing real time access to data have been developed. Environmental and low-cost seismological stations (Raspberry Shake) have been already deployed in Beirut, most of them hosted by Lebanese citizens. These instrumental and open data access efforts were completed by participatory workshops with various stakeholders to improve the ergonomy of the web and application interfaces and to define roadmap for the implantation of future stations, consistently with most vulnerable populations identified by NGOs and the current knowledge on the air pollution and heat islands in Beirut.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. An electroencephalography connectome predictive model of major depressive disorder severity

Author: Kabbara, Aya, Robert, Gabriel, Khalil, Mohamad, Verin, Marc, Benquet, Pascal, Hassan, Mahmoud, Lebanese Association for Scientific Research [Tripoli] (LASeR), MINDig, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes], Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Comportement et noyaux gris centraux - EA 4712, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), emlyon business school (EM), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de la Technologie (EDST), Azm Center for research in biotechnology and its applications [TRIPOLI], Université Libanaise, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Reykjavík University, robert, gabriel, Comportement et noyaux gris centraux = Behavior and Basal Ganglia [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes (INCR), This work was financed by the Rennes University, the Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Rennes (Projects named EEGCog and EEGNET3). This work was also financed by the AZM and SAADE Association, Tripoli, Lebanon and by the National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Lebanon. Authors would like to thank Campus France, Programme Hubert Curien CEDRE (PROJET N° 42257YA) and the Lebanese Association for Scientific Research (LASER) for their support, HAL UR1, Admin, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes = Institute of Clinical Neurosciences of Rennes (INCR)
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Depressive Disorder, Major, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV.NEU.PC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Brain, Electroencephalography, [STAT] Statistics [stat], Machine Learning, [STAT]Statistics [stat], [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], FOS: Biological sciences, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Connectome, Humans, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Emerging evidence showed that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with disruptions of brain structural and functional networks, rather than impairment of isolated brain region. Thus, connectome-based models capable of predicting the depression severity at the individual level can be clinically useful. Here, we applied a machine-learning approach to predict the severity of depression using resting-state networks derived from source-reconstructed Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Using regression models and three independent EEG datasets (N = 328), we tested whether resting state functional connectivity could predict individual depression score. On the first dataset, results showed that individuals scores could be reasonably predicted (r = 0.6, p = 4 × 10–18) using intrinsic functional connectivity in the EEG alpha band (8–13 Hz). In particular, the brain regions which contributed the most to the predictive network belong to the default mode network. We further tested the predictive potential of the established model by conducting two external validations on (N1 = 53, N2 = 154). Results showed statistically significant correlations between the predicted and the measured depression scale scores (r1 = 0.52, r2 = 0.44, p
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Automatic Optimization of Chirp Setting Parameters in Medical Ultrasound Contrast Imaging

Author: Sébastien Ménigot, Jamal Charara, Amira Zaylaa, Jean-Marc Girault, Imagerie et cerveau, Université François Rabelais - Tours - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Electronics, Lebanese University [Beirut], IUT de Ville-d'Avray, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (UPOND), Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese University and Imaging and Brain Laboratory INSERM U930 at François Rabelais University of Tours in France, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Equipe 5 : imagerie et ultrasons, Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Council for Scientific Research in Lebanon, Lebanese University, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer science, Acoustics, Contrast imaging, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, automatic technique, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, chirp setting parameters, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0103 physical sciences, Chirp, 010301 acoustics, Medical ultrasound, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, High contrast, business.industry, Ultrasound, Inversion (meteorology), chirp inversion, optimal command, Microbubbles, Medical ultrasound contrast imaging, Gradient descent, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Medical ultrasound contrast imaging is a powerful modality undergoing successive developments in the last decade to date. Lately, pulse inversion has been used in both ultrasound tissue harmonic and contrast imaging. However, there was a tradeoff between resolution and penetration. Chirp excitations partially solved the tradeoff, but the chirp setting parameters were not optimized. The present work proposes for the first time combining chirp inversion with ultrasound contrast imaging, with the motivation to improve the contrast, by automatically optimizing the setting parameters of chirp excitation, it is thus an optimal command problem. Linear chirps, 5 ?m diameter microbubbles and gradient ascent algorithm were simulated to optimize the chirp setting parameters. Simulations exhibited a gain of 5 dB by automatic optimization of chirp inversion relative to pulse inversion. The automatic optimization process was quite fast. Combining chirp inversion with ultrasound contrast imaging led to a maximum backscattered power permitting high contrast outcomes and optimum parameters.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. The first record of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabiditiae: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in natural ecosystems in Lebanon: A biogeographic approach in the Mediterranean region

Author: Patrick Tailliez, Carla Khater, Sylvie Pages, Jean-Claude Ogier, Mouïn Hamze, Elise Noujeim, Olivier Thaler, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), National Council for Scientific Research, Partenaires INRAE, Ecologie microbienne des insectes et interactions hôte-pathogène (EMIP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nematoda, xenorhabdus, Biological pest control, Xenorhabdus, wooded ecosystem, 01 natural sciences, steinernema, photorhabdus, Photorhabdus luminescens, Botany, Animals, heterorhabditis, 14. Life underwater, Lebanon, Symbiosis, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, herbaceous ecosystem, biology, Heterorhabditis, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, PEST analysis, Photorhabdus, 010606 plant biology & botany, Symbiotic bacteria
Abstract: International audience; A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes in Lebanon was conducted for the first time during 2008–2009. Samples were collected on the coastal strip and in nine vegetation types extending from the coastal line to 3088 m above sea level. Wooded and herbaceous ecosystems were considered for sampling purposes. A total of 570 samples were taken, out of which 1% were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes. Approximately, 15.8% out of the 19 sites sampled revealed entomopathogenic nematodes presence (representing three samples). Two entomopathogenic nematodes species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae were recovered, and identification of their symbiotic bacteria revealed the presence of a Xenorhabdus bovienii, Photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. Laumondii
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Estimating surface soil moisture from TerraSAR-X data over two small catchments in Sahelian part of western Niger

Author: Jean François Desprats, Chadi Abdallah, Mehrez Zribi, Christophe Sannier, Oumarou Malam Issa, Pauline Camus, Jean-Louis Rajot, Nicolas Baghdadi, Nicolas Beaugendre, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Aucun, SIRS, Groupe d'Étude sur les Géomatériaux et Environnements Naturels, Anthropiques et Archéologiques - EA 3795 (GEGENAA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), French National Research Agency (ANR, Biocrust project), CEMAGREF (Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne (MSH-URCA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Baghdadi, Nicolas
Subjects: Wet season, INDICATEUR BIOLOGIQUE, SOIL MOISTURE ESTIMATION, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AGRICULTURE, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Sciences de l'environnement, Reference image, Dry season, humidité du sol, DEGRADATION DU SOL, CROUTE, lcsh:Science, TELEDETECTION, Water content, CARTOGRAPHIE, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Moisture, SURFACE DU SOL, saison sèche, soil moisture estimation, Sahel, TerraSAR-X, biological crust, HUMIDITE DU SOL, SAHEL, MICROORGANISME, saison de pluie, TERRASAR-X, 15. Life on land, NIGER, image radar, RADAR, bassin versant, MICROFLORE, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, BIOLOGICAL CRUST, AFRIQUE, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE; L'objectif de cette étude est de valider une approche basée sur la détection de changement dans des images radar TerraSAR-X multi-temporelles pour la cartographie de l'humidité du sol dans des zones sahéliennes. La méthode consiste à utiliser deux images radar, une acquise en saison sèche et une acquise en saison de pluie. La précision sur l'estimation de l'humidité est de l'ordre de 2.3% (RMSE). / The objective of this study is to validate an approach based on the change detection in multitemporal TerraSAR images (X-band) for mapping soil moisture in the Sahelian area. In situ measurements were carried out simultaneously with TerraSAR-X acquisitions on two study sites in Niger. The results show the need for comparing the difference between the rainy season image and a reference image acquired in the dry season. The use of two images enables a reduction of the roughness effects. The soils of plateaus covered with erosion crusts are dry throughout the year while the fallows show more significant moisture during the rainy season. The accuracy on the estimate of soil moisture is about 2.3% (RMSE) in comparison with in situ moisture contents.
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Surface circulation properties in the Eastern Mediterranean emphasized using machine learning methods

Author: Georges Baaklini, Roy El Hourany, Milad Fakhri, Julien Brajard, Leila Issa, Gina Fifani, Laurent Moriter, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Department of Computer Science and Mathematics [Lebanese American University] (CSM/SAS/LAU), Lebanese American University (LAU), and Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], General Medicine
Abstract: The Eastern Mediterranean surface circulation is highly energetic, composed of structures interacting stochastically. However, some main features are still debated, and the behavior of some fine-scale dynamics and their role in shaping the general circulation is yet unknown. In the following paper, we use an unsupervised neural network clustering method to analyze the long-term variability of the different mesoscale structures. We decompose 26 years of altimetric data into clusters reflecting different circulation patterns of weak and strong flows with either strain or vortex-dominated velocities. The vortex-dominated cluster is more persistent in the western part of the basin, which is more active than the eastern part due to the strong flow along the coast, interacting with the extended bathymetry and engendering continuous instabilities. The cluster that reflects a weak flow dominated the middle of the basin, including the Mid-Mediterranean Jet (MMJ) pathway. However, the temporal analysis shows a frequent and intermittent occurrence of a strong flow in the middle of the basin, which could explain the previous contradictory assessment of MMJ existence using in-situ observations. Moreover, we prove that the Levantine Sea is becoming more and more energetic as the activity of the main mesoscale features is showing a positive trend.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Finite time blow-up for a wave equation with a nonlocal nonlinearity

Author: Fino, Ahmad, Kirane, Mokhtar, Georgiev, Vladimir, Laboratoire de mathématiques et applications (LaMA--Liban), Université Libanaise, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques, Image et Applications - EA 3165 (MIA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Dipartimento di Matematica [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, The Italian National Council of Scientific Research, the Lebanese National Council of Scientific Research (CNRS), European Project, and La Rochelle Université (ULR)
Subjects: mild and weak solutions, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals and derivatives, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Hyperbolic equation, local existence, blow-up, 58J45, 26A33, 35B44, Strichartz estimate, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: In this article, we study the local existence of solutions for a wave equation with a nonlocal in time nonlinearity. Moreover, a blow-up results are proved under some conditions on the dimensional space, the initial data and the nonlinear forcing term.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. <scp>AcrAB</scp> , the major <scp>RND</scp> ‐type efflux pump of Photorhabdus laumondii , confers intrinsic multidrug‐resistance and contributes to virulence in insects

Author: Paloma Kiwan, Fida Nassar, Alain Givaudan, Anne Lanois, Linda Hadchity, Ziad Abi Khattar, Laboratoryof Georesources, GeosciencesandEnvironment, Microbiologyteam, Faculty of Science 2, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lebanese University, National Council for Scientific Research - Lebanon, and University of Montpellier
Subjects: Insecta, Mutant, Virulence, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bacterial Proteins, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Phenotype, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Multiple drug resistance, chemistry, Efflux, Photorhabdus, Nutrient agar, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; The resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps AcrAB and MdtABC contribute to multidrug-resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria. Photorhabdus is a symbiotic bacterium of soil nematodes that also produces virulence factors killing insects by septicaemia. We previously showed that mdtA deletion in Photorhabdus laumondii TT01 resulted in no detrimental phenotypes. Here, we investigated the roles of the last two putative RND transporters in TT01 genome, AcrAB and AcrAB-like (Plu0759-Plu0758). Only ΔacrA and ΔmdtAΔacrA mutants were multidrug sensitive, even to triphenyltetrazolium chloride and bromothymol blue used for Photorhabdus isolation from nematodes on the nutrient bromothymol blue-triphenyltetrazolium chloride agar (NBTA) medium. Both mutants also displayed slightly attenuated virulence after injection into Spodoptera littoralis. Transcriptional analysis revealed intermediate levels of acrAB expression in vitro, in vivo and post-mortem, whereas its putative transcriptional repressor acrR was weakly expressed. Yet, plasmid-mediated acrR overexpression did not decrease acrAB transcript levels neither MDR in TT01 WT. While no pertinent mutations were detected in acrR of the same P. laumondii strain grown either on NBTA or nutrient agar, we suggest that AcrR-mediated repression of acrAB is not physiologically required under conditions tested. Finally, we propose that AcrAB is the primary RND-efflux pump, which is essential for MDR in Photorhabdus and may confer adaptive advantages during insect infection.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Caractérisation des propriétés hydrodynamiques d'un sol de la Bekaa (Liban) sur les rives du fleuve Litani

Author: Chalhoub, Maha, Vachier, Pierre, Coquet, Yves, Darwish, T., Dever, L., Mroueh, M., Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lebanese University [Beirut], National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: PLOUGHED SOIL, COARSE ELEMENTS, RETENTION D'EAU, CONDUCTIVITE HYDRAULIQUE FRACTION D'EAU MOBILE, SOL LABOURE, WATER RETENTION, MOBILE WATER FRACTION, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, HORIZON DE SOL, ELEMENTS GROSSIERS, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract: absent
Published: 2009

40. Effect of channel density, inverse solutions and connectivity measures on EEG resting-state networks reconstruction: A simulation study

Author: Sahar Allouch, Aya Kabbara, Joan Duprez, Mohamad Khalil, Julien Modolo, Mahmoud Hassan, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Azm Center for Research and Biotechnologies, Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), MINDig, Lebanese Association for Scientific Research [Tripoli] (LASeR), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de la Technologie (EDST), Reykjavík University, and The authors would like to acknowledge the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L), the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), and the Lebanese University for granting Ms. Allouch a doctoral scholarship. This work was also supported by the Labex Cominlabs project PKSTIM and by the Institute of Clinical Neuroscience of Rennes (Projects EEGCog and EEGNET3). The authors would also like to thank Campus France, Programme Hubert Curien CEDRE (PROJET N° 42257YA), and the Lebanese Association for Scientific Research (LASER) for their support.
Subjects: Functional connectivity, Analytical variability, Channel density, Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience, EEG resting-state networks, Neural mass model, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Inverse solution
Abstract: International audience; Along with the study of brain activity evoked by external stimuli, the past two decades witnessed an increased interest in characterizing the spontaneous brain activity occurring during resting conditions. The identification of connectivity patterns in this so-called "resting-state" has been the subject of a great number of electrophysiology-based studies, using the Electro/Magneto-Encephalography (EEG/MEG) source connectivity method. However, no consensus has been reached yet regarding a unified (if possible) analysis pipeline, and several involved parameters and methods require cautious tuning. This is particularly challenging when different analytical choices induce significant discrepancies in results and drawn conclusions, thereby hindering the reproducibility of neuroimaging research. Hence, our objective in this study was to shed light on the effect of analytical variability on outcome consistency by evaluating the implications of parameters involved in the EEG source connectivity analysis on the accuracy of resting-state networks (RSNs) reconstruction. We simulated, using neural mass models, EEG data corresponding to two RSNs, namely the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attentional network (DAN). We investigated the impact of five channel densities (19, 32, 64, 128, 256), three inverse solutions (weighted minimum norm estimate (wMNE), exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming) and four functional connectivity measures (phase-locking value (PLV), phase-lag index (PLI), and amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) with and without source leakage correction), on the correspondence between reconstructed and reference networks. We showed that, with different analytical choices related to the number of electrodes, source reconstruction algorithm, and functional connectivity measure, high variability is present in the results. More specifically, our results show that a higher number of EEG channels significantly increased the accuracy of the reconstructed networks. Additionally, our results showed significant variability in the performance of the tested inverse solutions and connectivity measures. Such methodological variability and absence of analysis standardization represent a critical issue for neuroimaging studies that should be prioritized. We believe that this work could be useful for the field of electrophysiology connectomics, by increasing awareness regarding the challenge of variability in methodological approaches and its implications on reported results.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Global Positioning System measurements of strain accumulation and slip transfer through the restraining bend along the Dead Sea fault system in Lebanon

Author: Robert Reilinger, C. Tabet, R. Jaafar, Francisco Gomez, M. Khawlie, Simon McClusky, Philippe Vernant, Kamal Khair, Gebran N. Karam, Muawia Barazangi, Department of Geological Sciences [Columbia], University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Department of Civil Engineering [Lebanese American University] (CE/SOE/LAU), School of Engineering [Lebanese American University] (SOE/LAU), Lebanese American University (LAU)-Lebanese American University (LAU), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institute for the Study of the Continents [Ithaca] (INSTOC), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Ithaca) (EAS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], University of Missouri [Columbia], Department of Civil Engineering [Jbail], Lebanese American University (LAU), National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Cornell University-Cornell University
Subjects: Dead sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], GPS, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Dead Sea fault system, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Global Positioning System, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neotectonics, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Measurement method, business.industry, crustal deformation, fault motion, Geodesy, Strike-slip tectonics, Geophysics, transform faults, business, Geology, Seismology
Abstract: Approximately 4 yr of campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements across the Dead Sea fault system (DSFS) in Lebanon provide direct measurements of interseismic strain accumulation along a 200-km-long restraining bend in this continental transform fault. Late Cenozoic transpression within this restraining bend has maintained more than 3000 m of topography in the Mount Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon ranges. The GPS velocity field indicates 4-5 mm yr(-1) of relative plate motion is transferred through the restraining bend to the northern continuation of the DSFS in northwestern Syria. Near-field GPS velocities are generally parallel to the major, left-lateral strike-slip faults, suggesting that much of the expected convergence across the restraining bend is likely accommodated by different structures beyond the aperture of the GPS network (e.g. offshore Lebanon and, possibly, the Palmyride fold belt in SW Syria). Hence, these geodetic results suggest a partitioning of crustal deformation involving strike-slip displacements in the interior of the restraining bend, and crustal shortening in the outer part of the restraining bend. Within the uncertainties, the GPS-based rates of fault slip compare well with Holocene-averaged estimates of slip along the two principal strike-slip faults: the Yammouneh and Serghaya faults. Of these two faults, more slip occurs on the Yammouneh fault, which constitutes the primary plate boundary structure between the Arabia and Sinai plates. Hence, the Yammouneh fault is the structural linkage that transfers slip to the northern part of the transform in northwestern Syria. From the perspective of the regional earthquake hazard, the Yammouneh fault is presently locked and accumulating interseismic strain.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Importance de la prise en compte du MNA dans les trois dimensions pour la cartographie du potentiel de ruissellement, application au Liban

Author: Bou Kheir, Rania, Cerdan, Olivier, GIRARD, Michel-Claude, Abdallah, Chadi, National Center For Remote Sensing [Beirut], National Council for Scientific Research [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], and National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HYDROLOGIE
Abstract: Importance of taking into account DTM in three dimensions for the mapping of runoff potential, application to Lebanon. - Mapping water erosion at a regional scale is based on combining a certain number of factors, which do not have an equal importance with respect to the determination of the quantity of eroded soil. It is based on runoff potential map depending on physical environmental parameter characteristics and their behavior against erosion. Two maps of runoff potential were produced in a representative region of Lebanon. The first map (3 factors) was established from data on 1) vegetal cover, 2) density of hydrographic network and 3) slope gradient in degrees. The second (5 factors) integrates in addition to these data 4) slope aspect and slope curvature, issued from digital terrain model (DTM). Comparison of these two maps indicates an increase of the sum of polygons of 24 %, a concordance (or total precision) of 52 % and a. gaining of polygons limit of 38 %. Field verification (earth pillars) indicates that: 1) the units of the map 5 factors are more separated between them and 2) the total precision in the map 5 factors is equal to 82.5 % while that of the map 3 factors is equal to 42 %. Khi2 test shows a better coincidence between the map 5 factors and reality on the field. These results indicate the necessity and the importance of integrating slope curvature and aspect in order to evaluate the runoff potential at regional scale.; La cartographie de l'érosion hydrique à l'échelle régionale se fonde sur la combinaison d'un certain nombre de facteurs qui n'ont pas une importance égale vis-à-vis de la détermination de la quantité de terre érodée. Elle se base sur la carte du potentiel de ruissellement qui relève des caractères propres des paramètres physiques du terrain et de leur comportement vis-à-vis de l'érosion. Deux cartes du potentiel de ruissellement ont été produites dans une région représentative du Liban. La première carte (3 facteurs) a été établie à partir des données sur 1) le recouvrement végétal, 2) la densité du réseau hydrographique et 3) le gradient des pentes en degrés. La seconde (5 facteurs) intègre en plus de ces données 4) l'exposition des versants et 5) les courbures des pentes, issues du modèle numérique d'altitude (MNA). La comparaison de ces deux cartes indique une augmentation de l'effectif des plages de 24%, une concordance (ou précision totale) de 52% et un gain de limites des plages de 38%. La validation par rapport à la réalité du terrain (pédicules) montre que: 1) les unités de la carte 5 facteurs sont mieux séparées entre elles-mêmes et 2) que la précision totale dans la carte 5 facteurs est égale à 82,5%, tandis que celle de la carte 3 facteurs est de 42%. Le test Chi2 montre une meilleure coïncidence entre la carte 5 facteurs et la réalité du terrain. Ces résultats indiquent la nécessité et l'importance de l'intégration des courbures des pentes et de l'exposition des versants afin d'évaluer le potentiel du ruissellement à l'échelle régionale.
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Structural revision of the Mcl-1 inhibitor MIM1: synthesis and biological studies on ovarian cancer cells with evaluation of designed analogues

Author: Hippolyte Paysant, Jérôme Bignon, Marie Jouanne, Christophe Denoyelle, Assaad Nasr El Dine, Anne Sophie Voisin-Chiret, Louis Bastien Weiswald, Olivier Tasseau, Nicolas Elie, Siham Hedir, Frédéric Justaud, Thierry Roisnel, Ali Hachem, Emilie Brotin, Laurent Poulain, Fanny Roussi, René Grée, Ali Soulieman, Nicolas Levoin, Unité de recherche interdisciplinaire pour la prévention et le traitement des cancers (ANTICIPE), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Libanaise, Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), Normandie Université (NU), ImpedanCELL, Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Bioprojet-Biotech, CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) European Commission, University of Rennes 1, Ligue contre le Cancer, Conseil Interregional Grand Ouest, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Conseil Interregional de Normandie et Comite du Calvados, Conseil Regional de Basse Normandie Region Normandie, European Union (The ONCOTHERA European project 'Normandy Network for innovative therapeutics in oncology' - Normandy County Council), European Union (The ONCOTHERA European project 'Normandy Network for innovative therapeutics in oncology' - European Union), French State (CPER Innovons 2), University of Caen Normandie, Inserm Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) uropean Commission, Lebanon by the Research Grant program at the Lebanese University, National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon (CNRS-L) / Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), Lebanese University (UL), 'Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation' - Normandy Doctoral School [497], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse [Caen] (UNICANCER/CRLC), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-UNICANCER-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Normandie Université (NU)-UNICANCER-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Jonchère, Laurent
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Biological studies, Chemistry, [CHIM.THER] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biological activity, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational biology, Biochemistry, Small molecule, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Ovarian cancer cells, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Fluorescence anisotropy, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; In the area of cancer research, the development of new and potent inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins is a very active and promising topic. The small molecule MIM1 has been reported earlier as one of the first selective inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. In the present paper, we first revised the structure of this molecule based on extensive physicochemical analyses. Then we designed and synthesized a focused library of analogues for the corrected structure of MIM1. Next, these molecules were subjected to a panel of in cellulo biological studies, allowing the identification of dual Bcl-x(L)/Mcl-1 inhibitors, as well as selective Mcl-1 inhibitors. These results have been complemented by fluorescence polarization assays with the Mcl-1 protein. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were discussed and extensive molecular modelling studies allowed us to propose a rationale for the biological activity of this series of new inhibitors, in particular for the selectivity of inhibition of Mcl-1 versus Bcl-x(L).
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Nitrones with gem ‐Difluoroalkyl Side Chains Through Cascade Reactions

Author: Zeinab Barakat, Joël Boustie, Thierry Roisnel, Ali Hachem, Rima Ibrahim, Nicolas Gouault, Ali Soulieman, René Grée, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lebanese University [Beirut] (LU), Research Grant program at Lebanese University, French CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rennes 1 (CNRS UMR 6226), National Council for Scientific Research of Lebanon (CNRS-L), Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), Lebanese University (UL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Nitrones, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluorine, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorial chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Nitroalkanes, Propargylic fluorides, Cascade, Cascade reactions, Side chain, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; New five-membered cyclic nitrones withgem-difluoroalkyl groups in gamma-position have been prepared by a 3-step sequence starting from propargylic alcohols. This domino process involves a base-mediated isomerization reaction to enones, which are trapped in situ by nitroalkane anions. In a final step, starting from these key precursors, a reduction-cyclization process affords the target molecules. Mono- and bicyclic nitrones have been prepared by this route which allows, as well, the synthesis of nitrones with functional groups in terminal position of the side chain.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Liquid–(Liquid)–Vapor Equilibrium of Solvents (P-Xylene, Methyl Hexadecanoate, and Methyl Oleate), Binary Systems (Water + Solvents), and Ternary Systems (Water + Methyl Hexadecanoate + Model Molecule of Tar) Issued from the Biomass Gasification Process

Author: Georgio Bassil, Jacques Jose, Maria Aoun, Joseph Saab, Christelle Goutaudier, Ilham Mokbel, Université Libano-canadienne, Lebanese Atomic Energy Comission [CNRS-L] (LAEC-CNRS), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), Equipe Thermodynamique Equilibre Phases & Anal Avance (Equipe ThEAA), Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK), Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Vapor pressure, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enthalpy, 020401 chemical engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, Organic chemistry, 0204 chemical engineering, Tar, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Molecules, p-Xylene, Alkyls, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Scientific method, Solvents, Biomass gasification, Ternary operation, Syngas
Abstract: International audience; As the most promising biomass utilization method, biomass gasification is gaining attention as a route for biomass energy production, but the syngas generated from the process contains unacceptable levels of tar. The syngas in reality leads to a liquid–liquid–vapor equilibrium. This syngas becomes saturated with water steam, solvent, and trace of volatile tar. The aim of this work is to study the liquid–(liquid)–vapor equilibrium of extracting solvents (P-xylene, methyl hexadecanoate, and methyl oleate), binary systems (water + solvents), and ternary systems (water + methyl hexadecanoate + model molecule of tar) and to determine the vapor pressure for those systems from 303.15 to 453.15 K. Vaporization enthalpies of each solvent at 298.15 K are also calculated and compared to the literature. The obtained data were correlated using the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model for the liquid phase combined with the perfect gas equation for the vapor phase.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Genetic Structure and Diversity of the Endangered Fir Tree of Lebanon (Abies cilicica Carr.): Implications for Conservation

Author: Carla Khater, Rachid Cheddadi, Anne Roig, Bruno Fady, Lara Awad, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Council for Scientific Research, Partenaires INRAE, Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) [245303], National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (NCSR), EcoChange project, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Population genetics, Plant Science, Plant Genetics, 01 natural sciences, Linkage Disequilibrium, Trees, abies cilicica, Effective population size, genetic structure, diversity of the fir tree of Lebanon, endangered, conservation, lcsh:Science, health care economics and organizations, race en voie de disparition, Conservation Science, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Geography, biology, Mediterranean Region, Agriculture, Forestry, Gene Pool, Biodiversity, Plants, Biogeography, Genetic structure, population characteristics, Abies, Research Article, Gene Flow, Conservation of Natural Resources, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, Effective Population Size, Genetics, liban, education, Biology, Alleles, diversité, 030304 developmental biology, Abies cilicica, Population Biology, lcsh:R, Genetic Drift, Endangered Species, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Biological dispersal, lcsh:Q, human activities, Environmental Protection, Population Genetics, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; The threatened conifer Abies cilicica currently persists in Lebanon in geographically isolated forest patches. The impact of demographic and evolutionary processes on population genetic diversity and structure were assessed using 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. All remnant 15 local populations revealed a low genetic variation but a high recent effective population size. FST -based measures of population genetic differentiation revealed a low spatial genetic structure, but Bayesian analysis of population structure identified a significant Northeast-Southwest population structure. Populations showed significant but weak isolation-by-distance, indicating non-equilibrium conditions between dispersal and genetic drift. Bayesian assignment tests detected an asymmetric Northeast-Southwest migration involving some long-distance dispersal events. We suggest that the persistence and Northeast-Southwest geographic structure of Abies cilicica in Lebanon is the result of at least two demographic processes during its recent evolutionary history: (1) recent migration to currently marginal populations and (2) local persistence through altitudinal shifts along a mountainous topography. These results might help us better understand the mechanisms involved in the species response to expected climate change.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. High-rate GNSS Reflectometry Estimates for Airborne Soil-moisture Detection

Author: Serge Reboul, Hamza Issa, Jens Wickert, Maximilian Semmling, Georges Stienne, Mohamad Raad, Ghaleb Faour, Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Lebanese International University (LIU), and Department Geodesy and Remote Sensing [Potsdam]
Subjects: High rate, Environmental science, Water content, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Remote sensing, GNSS reflectometry
Abstract: Soil moisture remote sensing on a global scale has been an active area of research over the past few decades due to its essential role in agriculture and in the prediction of some natural disasters. In this regard, GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is proven as an efficient tool for the measurement of soil moisture content using remote sensing techniques. GNSS-R is a bi-static radar technique that uses the L-band GNSS signals as sources of opportunity to characterize Earth's surface, due to the fact that the reflected signals are often affected by the properties of the reflecting surface. In the context of this work, it is important to detect and fastly reach the area of interest (reflecting surface) for which the soil moisture content shall be monitored. A GNSS-R setup onboard a gyrocopter meets all the requirements of our application. This paper is dedicated to the study of airborne GNSS-R techniques for soil moisture monitoring using a low-altitude airborne carrier with a high rate (1ms for GPS C/A) carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) observations. To cope with the rapid displacement of the satellites footprints along the receiver trajectory, high rate (1000 Hz rate) C/N0 observations are processed. For this purpose, real flight experimentation has taken place on October 19, 2020 for 45 min. During the flight, the gyrocopter maintained a low-altitude of approximately 315m above the ground with an average speed of 95 km/h. Based on that, the size of the major axis of the first Fresnel zones that constitute the detected footprints ranged between 1,316m for a minimum elevation angle of 3° and 15m for a maximum elevation angle of 75°. Concerning the temporal resolution of the application, the raw data were sampled at a frequency of 25MHz and the C/N0 estimates were realized at a rate of 1000Hz.During the flight, an average of 9 GPS satellites have been detected of which 4 GPS satellite signals were extensively analyzed to observe the reflectivity corresponding to land, beach, and sea reflections. After analyzing the Delay Doppler Maps which provides an image of the scattering cross-section in terms of time and frequency and consequently tracking the corresponding signals, the 1ms C/N0 estimations were derived using the in-phase components of the signals as observations. The reflected signals are then linked to the footprints of the satellites and thus to the reflecting surfaces from which each processed signal has reflected using the GPS time, attitude, and position provided by onboard sensors and the GPS time extracted from the digitized GNSS signals. The ultimate aim of this study is to obtain reflectivity measurements from high rate C/N0 observations in order to provide a soil moisture mapping of the studied area, where we notice that the signals reflected from the beach had the best reflectivity followed by sea then land reflections.
Published: 2022

48. APOE Molecular Spectrum in a French Cohort with Primary Dyslipidemia

Author: Yara Abou Khalil, Oriane Marmontel, Jean Ferrières, François Paillard, Cécile Yelnik, Valérie Carreau, Sybil Charrière, Eric Bruckert, Antonio Gallo, Philippe Giral, Anne Philippi, Olivier Bluteau, Catherine Boileau, Marianne Abifadel, Mathilde Di-Filippo, Alain Carrié, Jean-Pierre Rabès, Mathilde Varret, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares du Nord et Nord Ouest [CHRU Lille], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille-CHU Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université - Faculté de médecine [CHU Pitié Salpétrière], CIC Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-UFR de Médecine, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-16-RHUS-0007, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, This work was supported by grants from the national project CHOPIN (CHolesterol Person-alized Innovation) granted by the National Research Agency (ANR-16-RHUS-0007), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale). YAK was supported by a grant from Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Technologie (France), a grant from Nouvelle Société Francophone de l’Athérosclérose (France), and grants from the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS-L) and the Council of Research of Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon., and HAL UVSQ, Équipe
Subjects: hypercholesterolemia, ADH, FCHL, apolipoprotein E, APOE gene, mutation, variant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, Inorganic Chemistry, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Primary hypercholesterolemia is characterized by elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels isolated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) or associated with elevated triglyceride levels in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Rare APOE variants are known in ADH and FCHL. We explored the APOE molecular spectrum in a French ADH/FCHL cohort of 5743 unrelated probands. The sequencing of LDLR, PCSK9, APOB, and APOE revealed 76 carriers of a rare APOE variant, with no mutation in LDLR, PCSK9, or APOB. Among the 31 APOE variants identified here, 15 are described in ADH, 10 in FCHL, and 6 in both probands. Five were previously reported with dyslipidemia and 26 are novel, including 12 missense, 5 synonymous, 2 intronic, and 7 variants in regulatory regions. Sixteen variants were predicted as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and their carriers had significantly lower polygenic risk scores (wPRS) than carriers of predicted benign variants. We observed no correlation between LDL-C levels and wPRS, suggesting a major effect of APOE variants. Carriers of p.Leu167del were associated with a severe phenotype. The analysis of 11 probands suggests that carriers of an APOE variant respond better to statins than carriers of a LDLR mutation. Altogether, we show that the APOE variants account for a significant contribution to ADH and FCHL.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Multilateral benefit-sharing from digital sequence information will support both science and biodiversity conservation

Author: Amber Hartman Scholz, Jens Freitag, Christopher H. C. Lyal, Rodrigo Sara, Martha Lucia Cepeda, Ibon Cancio, Scarlett Sett, Andrew Lee Hufton, Yemisrach Abebaw, Kailash Bansal, Halima Benbouza, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Sylvain Brisse, Michael W. Bruford, Hayley Clissold, Guy Cochrane, Jonathan A. Coddington, Anne-Caroline Deletoille, Felipe García-Cardona, Michelle Hamer, Raquel Hurtado-Ortiz, Douglas W. Miano, David Nicholson, Guilherme Oliveira, Carlos Ospina Bravo, Fabian Rohden, Ole Seberg, Gernot Segelbacher, Yogesh Shouche, Alejandra Sierra, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jessica da Silva, Desiree M. Hautea, Manuela da Silva, Mutsuaki Suzuki, Kassahun Tesfaye, Christian Keambou Tiambo, Krystal A. Tolley, Rajeev Varshney, María Mercedes Zambrano, Jörg Overmann, European Commission, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), One Planet Solutions, Montpellier, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC-ERIC), Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, National Academy of Agricultural Science and Global Plant Council, New Delhi, National Council of Scientific Research and Technologies (NCSRT), Algiers (NCSRT), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Nairobi, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Cardiff University, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Global Genome Initiative, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute, Bogota, South African National Biodiversity Institute, University of Nairobi (UoN), Instituto Tecnológico Vale [Belém, Brazil] (ITV), Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Developmentment, University of Lethbridge, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], National Centre for Cell Science [Pune, India] (NCCS), Mariano Galvez University, Guatemala City, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Institute of Biotechnology [Vilnius], Life Science Center [Vilnius], Vilnius University [Vilnius]-Vilnius University [Vilnius], Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health [Edimburgh] (CTLGH), Murdoch University, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogota, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) WiLDSI 031B0862 (A.H.S., J.O., and J.F.) and Horizon Europe EVA-GLOBAL 871029 (A.H.S.). I.K.M. was supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health., European Project: 871029,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2019-1,EVA-GLOBAL(2020), and European Project: 01UU1602A/C
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Open access to sequence data is a cornerstone of biology and biodiversity research, but has created tension under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Policy decisions could compromise research and development, unless a practical multilateral solution is implemented. This workwas funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) WiLDSI 031B0862 (A.H.S., J.O., and J.F.) and Horizon Europe EVA-GLOBAL 871029 (A.H.S.). I.K.M. was supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Guiding Conservation for Mountain Tree Species in Lebanon

Author: Rachid Cheddadi, Carla Khater, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Center For Remote Sensing [CNRS-L], National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), and Vulpes
Subjects: climate change, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, conservation index, Forestry, protected areas, biodiversity conservation, mountains, Lebanon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: International audience; The objective of this study is to contribute to the conservation of upland tree species in the face of climate change. We used a conservation index to prioritize the areas and populations of three conifer species in the mountains of Lebanon. This conservation index integrates (1) mountain topography to identify areas that could provide a suitable microclimate, (2) genetic diversity to assess the adaptive capacity of populations in these mountain areas, and (3) a hypothetical climate change scenario that could affect this Mediterranean region. The idea of this index is to prioritize protected areas based on a match between the relevance of the area to be protected and the populations that need local and long-term protection. The stronger the match, the higher the priority of the area to be protected. We applied this conservation index to 36 populations of 15 fir, 15 cedar, and 6 juniper. These populations were genotyped by different authors whose published data we used. The results show that 10 populations of the 3 species have a very high index and 9 others have a lower but still high index, indicating a high conservation priority. These 19 populations occur in 5 different areas that we delineated and that form a network along the Lebanon Mountains. We hypothesize that the conservation of these 19 populations across the Lebanon Mountains could contribute to the longterm sustainability of the 3 species in the face of a 2 °C increase in mean seasonal temperature and a 20% decrease in seasonal precipitation compared to the current climate.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

487 results on '"National Council for Scientific Research"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources