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Purpose: Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with illicit stimulants use, less is known about their prospective association in university students. We aimed to examine the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year among university students., Methods: The i-Share cohort recruited French students from February 2013 to July 2020. The study included 4270 participants. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was used to evaluate ADHD symptoms at inclusion. Illicit stimulants use was assessed at inclusion and 1 year after inclusion. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association between ADHD symptoms at inclusion and illicit stimulants use following 1 year., Results: High levels of ADHD symptoms at inclusion were associated with a greater probability of illicit stimulants use following 1 year (adjusted OR: 2.42 (1.51-3.8)). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.7 (1.08-7.84) among participants who had used illicit stimulant at least once (continuation) and 2.25 (1.04-4.37) among participants who had never used illicit stimulants at inclusion (initiation)., Conclusion: High levels of ADHD symptoms are a feature that may promote both initiation and continuation of illicit stimulants use among university students. Our findings suggest that university students with high levels of ADHD symptoms may benefit from screening to help identify those at risk of illicit stimulants use., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.)

In a cross sectional study of 13,837 university students, we aimed to explore the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and lifetime psychoactive substance use (LPSU) on a wide range of illicit substances. Logistic and Hurdel multivariable regressions were used. ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with the lifetime use of ketamine, magic mushrooms, poppers, and nine other psychoactive substances. There was an association between ADHD symptoms and both LPSU and truncated count of lifetime psychoactive substance use. High levels of ADHD symptoms are associated with the use of a large variety and multiple LPSU., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: At the end of the treatment, many young breast cancer (BC) survivors face difficulties related to fertility and sexuality, mainly due to the side effects of treatment. Integrating patient needs into medical decisions is becoming increasingly essential for high quality care. To this end, there is a compelling need to elicit patients' perspectives through qualitative studies, to understand their experiences and needs in the aftermath of cancer. We aim to: (1) identify clinical, social and economic determinants of sexuality and fertility, and describe other living conditions of young BC survivors in France; and (2) explore young women's experience after BC in relation to clinical and information needs about fertility preservation and sexual health., Methods and Analysis: This is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, population-based study. In the quantitative component, women diagnosed with non-metastatic BC between 2009 and 2016 and aged 40 years or younger at diagnosis will be identified through the French network of cancer registries (FRANCIM). Participants will complete self-report questionnaires including standardised measures of sexuality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, social deprivation and social support. Fertility and professional reintegration issues will also be assessed. Sexuality profiles will be identified by ascending hierarchical classification and fertility profiles will be identified by latent class models. Determinants of sexuality, fertility and HRQoL will be identified using a mixed regression model. Subsequently, semistructured interviews will be performed with a sample of 30 women who participated in the quantitative study. Interviews will be recorded, transcribed synthetically and content analysis will be performed, with the aid of NVivo software., Ethics and Dissemination: This study will be performed in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved in October 2020 by the Committee for the Protection of Persons North-West III (20.07.16.44445) and by the French national data protection authority (CNIL-MR003 No1989764-v0).The results of this project will be communicated to the scientific community through publications in international scientific peer-reviewed journals and communications to national and international congresses. Popularised results will also be provided to patient associations. The results of Candy project will also be published on the website of the sponsor, www.cgfl.fr., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

In recent decades, the living conditions of young breast cancer (BC) survivors have garnered increasing attention. This population-based study aimed to identify the clinical, social and economic determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and to describe other living conditions of young long-term BC survivors. Women with non-metastatic BC diagnosed between 2006 and 2015, aged 45 years and younger at the time of diagnosis, were identified through the Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Registry of the Côte d'Or, France. Participants completed self-report questionnaires including standardized measures of HRQoL, anxiety, depression, social deprivation, social support and sexuality. Fertility and professional reintegration issues were also assessed. The determinants of HRQoL were identified using mixed regression model. In total, 218 BC survivors participated in the survey. The main determinants of poor HRQoL were anxiety, depression, comorbidities, social deprivation and menopausal status. Among 72% of women who did not receive information about fertility preservation, 38% of them would have liked to have been informed. Finally, 39% of survivors reported a negative impact of BC on their professional activity. This study showed that BC stage or treatments did not have an impact on HRQOL of young long-term BC survivors. Fertility, sexuality and professional reintegration remained the main concerns for survivors. Specific interventions in these population should focus on these issues.

Context: Previous studies, mainly originating from North America, suggest that women are less likely than men to obtain professorships in academic medical settings. However, research providing a comprehensive picture of such gender disparities in other national contexts and addressing associated contextual factors is lacking., Objectives: Our objectives were to assess gender differences in access to professorships in academic medical settings in France, to determine their evolution across regions and medical specialties and over time, and to identify the factors associated with the likelihood of a professor being a woman., Methods: We carried out a national administrative cohort study of all new professors appointed during 1989-2015 in all medical specialties in the whole of France. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of the percentage of professorships awarded to women and its variations by time, region and specialty. We then ran a logistic regression model to determine factors significantly associated with the likelihood of a professor being a woman., Results: Between 1989 and 2015, 3950 professors were appointed, of whom fewer than one in five were women. Female professors consistently represented a minority in all French regions and specialties over the study period. Although a small increase was observed over the years, women never represented more than 29% of newly appointed professors. After adjustments for other factors, the likelihood of a professor being a woman was significantly higher in specialties with a higher percentage of women among hospital practitioners, in regions with higher numbers of appointed professors and in recent years., Conclusions: Gender inequalities in career evolution exist in academic medical settings in France and have continued over time despite moderate improvements. Increased awareness based on scientific evidence is a first step towards reducing such inequalities., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and The Association for the Study of Medical Education.)

Background: The regulation of mucociliary clearance is a key part of the defense mechanisms developed by the airway epithelium. If a high aggregate quality of evidence shows the clinical effectiveness of nasal irrigation, there is a lack of studies showing the intrinsic role of the different irrigation solutions allowing such results. This study investigated the impact of solutions with different pH and ionic compositions, eg, normal saline, non-diluted seawater and diluted seawater, on nasal mucosa functional parameters., Methods: For this randomized, controlled, blinded, in vitro study, we used airway epithelial cells obtained from 13 nasal polyps explants to measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and epithelial wound repair speed (WRS) in response to 3 isotonic nasal irrigation solutions: (1) normal saline 0.9%; (2) non-diluted seawater (Physiomer®); and (3) 30% diluted seawater (Stérimar). The results were compared to control (cell culture medium)., Results: Non-diluted seawater enhanced the CBF and the WRS when compared to diluted seawater and to normal saline. When compared to the control, it significantly enhanced CBF and slightly, though nonsignificantly, improved the WRS. Interestingly, normal saline markedly reduced the number of epithelial cells and ciliated cells when compared to the control condition., Conclusion: Our results suggest that the physicochemical features of the nasal wash solution is important because it determines the optimal conditions to enhance CBF and epithelial WRS thus preserving the respiratory mucosa in pathological conditions. Non-diluted seawater obtains the best results on CBF and WRS vs normal saline showing a deleterious effect on epithelial cell function., (© 2016 The Authors International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, published by ARSAAOA, LLC.)