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1. Endoparasitoid lifestyle promotes endogenization and domestication of dsDNA viruses

Author

Benjamin Guinet, David Lepetit, Sylvain Charlat, Peter N Buhl, David G Notton, Astrid Cruaud, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Julia Stigenberg, Damien M. de Vienne, Boussau Bastien, Julien Varaldi, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zoological Museum [Copenhagen], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), This work was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to J.V. (ANR-11-JSV7-0011 Viromics). We also thank the ANR project HORIZON (ANR-17-CE02-0021, S. Charlat) for financial support., ANR-11-JSV7-0011,viromics,Distribution et impact des virus héritables dans une communauté hôtes-parasitoïdes(2011), ANR-17-CE02-0021,Horizon,Patterns and processes of horizontal DNA transfer: an in-depth exploration of the host-parasitoid route(2017), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Natural Sciences Department, National Museums Collection Centre, 242 West Granton Road, Granton, Edinburgh, EH5 1JA, Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, and This work was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to J.V. (ANR-11-JSV7-0011 Viromics). We also thank the ANR project HORIZON (S. Charlat) for financial support.

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], evolutionary biology, Hymenoptera, EVE, dsDNA virus, domestication, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, genomics, horizontal gene transfer, genetics, parasitoid, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

All sequencing data are available at NCBI via the BioProject accession number NCBI: PRJNA826991. All scripts and additional tables as well as all cluster phylogeny figures are available under the github repository : (BenjaminGuinet/Viral-domestication-among-Hymenoptera).; International audience; The accidental endogenization of viral elements within eukaryotic genomes can occasionally provide significant evolutionary benefits, giving rise to their long-term retention, that is, to viral domestication. For instance, in some endoparasitoid wasps (whose immature stages develop inside their hosts), the membrane-fusion property of viruses has been repeatedly domesticated following the ancestral endogenizations of double-stranded DNA viruses. The endogenized genes provide female wasps with a delivery tool to inject virulence factors that are essential to the developmental success of their offspring. Because all known cases of viral domestication involve endoparasitic wasps, we hypothesized that this lifestyle, relying on a close interaction between individuals, may have promoted the endogenization and domestication of viruses. By analyzing the composition of 124 Hymenoptera genomes, spread over the diversity of this clade and including free-living, ecto- and endoparasitoid species, we tested this hypothesis. Our analysis first revealed that double-stranded DNA viruses, in comparisons with other viral genomic structures (ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA), are more often integrated (that is, endogenized) and domesticated (that is, retained by selection) than expected from their estimated abundance in insect viral communities. Secondly, our analysis indicates that the rate at which dsDNA viruses are endogenized is higher in endoparasitoids than in ectoparasitoids or free-living hymenopterans, which also translates into more frequent events of domestication. Hence, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the endoparasitoid lifestyle has facilitated the endogenization of dsDNA viruses, in turn increasing the opportunities of domestications that now play a central role in the biology of many parasitoid lineages.

Published
2023

2. Controls on potassium incorporation in foraminifera and other marine calcifying organisms

Author

Romi Nambiar, Hagar Hauzer, William R. Gray, Michael J. Henehan, Laura Cotton, Jonathan Erez, Yair Rosenthal, Willem Renema, Wolfgang Müller, David Evans, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth Surface Geochemistry [Postdam], GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences [New Brunswick], School of Environmental and Biological Sciences [New Brunswick], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), and Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden]

Subjects
Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2023

3. Hotspots of Cenozoic Tropical Marine Biodiversity

Author

Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Markus Reuter, Skye Yunshu Tian, Jonathan D. Cybulski, Aaron O’Dea, Briony L. Mamo, Laura J. Cotton, Emanuela Di Martino, Ran Feng, Clay R. Tabor, Gabriel Reygondeau, Qianshuo Zhao, Mark T. Warne, Kyawt K. T. Aye, Jingwen Zhang, Anne Chao, Chih-Lin Wei, Fabien L. Condamine, Adam T. Kocsis, Wolfgang Kiessling, Mark J. Costello, Derek P. Tittensor., Chhaya Chaudhary, Marina C. Rillo, Hideyuki Doi, Yun-wei Dong, Thomas M. Cronin, Erin E. Saupe, Heike K. Lotze, Kenneth G. Johnson, Willem Renema, John M. Pandolfi, Mathias Harzhauser, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Yuanyuan Hong, School of biological sciences (Hong Kong, Chine), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Smithsonian Institution, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Macquarie University, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of British Columbia (UBC), Ocean University of China (OUC), Deakin University [Burwood], National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture [Bodø], University of Nordland, Dalhousie University [Halifax], United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC) (UNEP WCMC), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, University of Hyogo, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, US Geological Survey [Salt Lake City], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), University of Oxford, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGPAS-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Nanjing Branch], This work is a product of the PSEEDS (Palaeobiology as the Synthetic Ecological, Evolutionary, and Diversity Sciences) project and is partly supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (project codes: HKU 17300821, HKU 17300720, HKU 17302518, C7050-18E, C7013-19G), the Marine Conservation Enhancement Fund (project code: MCEF20002_L01), the Marine Ecology Enhancement Fund (project code: MEEF2021001), the Small Equipment Grant of the University of Hong Kong, the Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research of the University of Hong Kong (project codes: 202011159122, 201811159076), the Faculty of Science RAE Improvement Fund of the University of Hong Kong, the Seed Funding of the HKU-TCL Joint Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence of the University of Hong Kong and the SKLMP Seed Collaborative Research Fund (SKLMP/SCRF/0031) (to M.Y.), by the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SENACYT) (to A.O), by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (to J.M.P.), by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project code: P 29158-N29) (to M.R.), and by State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (project code: 203108) (to Y.H.)., Stephen J. Hawkins, A. Louise Allcock, Peter A. Todd, Stephen E. Swearer‬, Maria Byrne, Louise B. Firth, Anaëlle J. Lemasson, Cathy H. Lucas, Ezequiel M. Marzinelli, Peter J. Mumby, Bayden D. Russell, I. Philip Smith, and Hawkins, S. J.

Subjects
Species diversity gradients, Global patterns, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Tropics, Neogene, Paleobiology, Fossil records, Paleogene
Abstract

International audience; Hotspots of tropical marine biodiversity are areas that harbour disproportionately large numbers of species compared to surrounding regions. The richness and location of these hotspots have changed throughout the Cenozoic. Here, we review the global dynamics of Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity hotspots, including the four major hotspots of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA), western Tethys (present Mediterranean), Arabian Sea and Caribbean Sea. Our review supports the ‘Hopping Hotspots’ model, which proposes that the locations of peak biodiversity are related to Tethyan faunal elements and track broad-scale shallow-marine habitats and high coastal complexity created by the collision of tectonic plates. A null hypothesis is the ‘Whack-A-Mole’ model, which proposes that hotspots occur in habitats suitable for high diversity regardless of taxonomic identity or faunal elements. Earlier ‘Centre-of’ theories (e.g. centres of origin with diversity decreasing with distance from supposed areas of exceptionally high rates of speciation, for which easy connection to adjacent regions to the east and west is important) were based on the analysis of recent biotas with no palaeontological foundation, and may better explain diversity dynamics within a hotspot rather than those between hotspots. More recently, however, human disturbance is massively disrupting these natural patterns.

Published
2022

4. Nd isotope constraints on ocean circulation, paleoclimate, and continental drainage during the Jurassic breakup of Pangea

Author

Guillaume Dera, Dominique Delsate, Jonathan Prunier, Alexander V. Guzhov, James W. Haggart, Evgeny V. Popov, Germain Bayon, Paul L. Smith, Guillaume Charbonnier, Mikhail A. Rogov, Gilles Cuny, Detlev Thies, Emmanuelle Pucéat, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse ( GET ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] ( EOAS ), University of British Columbia ( UBC ), Geological Survey of Canada, Dpt of Palaeontology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Paleontological Institute, Geological Institute, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Institut für Geologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] ( LUH ), The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) ( GM ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), Geological Survey of Canada [Sidney - Vancouver] (GSC Pacific), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Department of Palaeontology, Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University [Saratov], Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut für Geologie [Hannover], Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (P.S.), the Russian Academy of Science for program no. 1 of the Earth Science Division of RAS, and RFBR grants 13-05-00943, 05-05-64692 and 14-05-00828., ANR-12-BS06-0011,Anox-Sea,Rôle de la configuration des continents dans le développement d'anoxies globales dans l'océan profond.(2012), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Saratov state university, Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface ( IDES ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-12-BS06-0011,Anox-Sea,Rôle de la configuration des continents dans le développement d'anoxies globales dans l'océan profond. ( 2012 ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
Paleoclimate, Continental drainage, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Jurassic, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Precambrian, Paleoceanography, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Paleoclimatology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Radiogenic nuclide, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Volcanic arc, Pacific Plate, Neodymium isotopes, Ocean current, Geology, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Oceanography, Arctic, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy
Abstract

17 pages; International audience; The breakup of Pangea and onset of growth of the Pacific plate led to several paleoenvironmental feedbacks, which radically affected paleoclimate and ocean chemistry during the Jurassic. Overall, this period was characterized by intense volcanic degassing from large igneous provinces and circum-Panthalassan arcs, new oceanic circulation patterns, and changes in heat and humidity transports affecting continental weathering. Few studies, however, have attempted to unravel the global interactions linking these processes over the long-term. In this paper, we address this question by documenting the global changes in continental drainage and surface oceanic circulation for the whole Jurassic period. For this purpose, we present 53 new neodymium isotope values (εNd(t)) measured on well-dated fossil fish teeth, ichthyosaur bones, phosphatized nodules, phosphatized ooids, and clastic sediments from Europe, western Russia, and North America.Combined with an extensive compilation of published εNd(t) data, our results show that the continental sources of Nd were very heterogeneous across the world. Volcanic inputs from a Jurassic equivalent of the modern Pacific Ring of Fire contributed to radiogenic εNd(t) values (− 4 ε-units) in the Panthalassa Ocean. For the Tethyan Ocean, the average surface seawater signal was less radiogenic in the equatorial region (− 6.3), and gradually lower toward the epicontinental peri-Tethyan (− 7.4), western Russian (− 7.4) and Euro-Boreal seas (− 8.6). Different Nd sources contributed to this disparity, with radiogenic Nd influxes from westward Panthalassan currents or juvenile volcanic arcs in open oceanic domains, and substantial unradiogenic inputs from old Laurasian and Gondwanan shields for the NW Tethyan platforms. Overall, the εNd(t) values of Euro-Boreal, peri-Tethyan, and western Russian waters varied quite similarly through time, in response to regional changes in oceanic circulation, paleoclimate, continental drainage, and volcanism. Three positive shifts in εNd(t) values occurred successively in these epicontinental seas during the Pliensbachian, in the Aalenian–Bathonian interval, and in the mid-Oxfordian. The first and third events are interpreted as regional incursions of warm surface radiogenic currents from low latitudes. The Aalenian–Bathonian shift seems linked to volcanic outbursts in the NW Tethys and/or circulation of deep currents resulting from extensional events in the Hispanic Corridor and reduced influences of boreal currents crossing the Viking Corridor. In contrast, the εNd(t) signals decreased and remained very low (< − 8) during the global warming events of the Toarcian and Late Oxfordian–Early Tithonian intervals. In these greenhouse contexts, a latitudinal expansion of humid belts could have extended the drainage pathways toward boreal Nd sources of Precambrian age and increased the supply of very unradiogenic crustal-derived inputs to seawater. Finally, a brief negative εNd(t) excursion recorded in parallel with regional drops in seawater temperature suggests that southward circulation of cold unradiogenic Arctic waters occurred in the NW Tethys in the Callovian–Early Oxfordian. All these results show that changes in surface oceanic circulation resulting from the Pangean breakup could have regionally impacted the evolution of seawater temperatures in the NW Tethys.

Published
2014

7. Functional repertoire convergence of distantly related eukaryotic plankton lineages abundant in the sunlit ocean

Author

Tom O. Delmont, Morgan Gaia, Damien D. Hinsinger, Paul Frémont, Chiara Vanni, Antonio Fernandez-Guerra, A. Murat Eren, Artem Kourlaiev, Leo d'Agata, Quentin Clayssen, Emilie Villar, Karine Labadie, Corinne Cruaud, Julie Poulain, Corinne Da Silva, Marc Wessner, Benjamin Noel, Jean-Marc Aury, Colomban de Vargas, Chris Bowler, Eric Karsenti, Eric Pelletier, Patrick Wincker, Olivier Jaillon, Shinichi Sunagawa, Silvia G. Acinas, Peer Bork, Christian Sardet, Lars Stemmann, Magali Lescot, Marcel Babin, Gabriel Gorsky, Nigel Grimsley, Lionel Guidi, Pascal Hingamp, Stefanie Kandels, Daniele Iudicone, Hiroyuki Ogata, Stéphane Pesant, Matthew B. Sullivan, Fabrice Not, Karp-Boss Lee, Emmanuel Boss, Guy Cochrane, Michael Follows, Nicole Poulton, Jeroen Raes, Mike Sieracki, Sabrina Speich, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Tara Oceans-GOSEE (FR2022), Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), The University of Chicago Medicine [Chicago], Life & Soft [Fontenay-aux-Roses], Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), BABIN, Marcel, Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili, ANR-17-CE02-0012,ALGALVIRUS,Adaptations Génomique des Algues Marines aux Virus(2017), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Tara Oceans Coordinators, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, and Not, Fabrice

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, functions, metagenomics, Tara Oceans, Planktonic eukaryotes, Genomics metagenomics, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, anvi'o, evolution, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, genomics, anvi’o, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Abstract

18 pages, 4 figures, supplemental information https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100123.-- Data and code availability: • All data our study generated are publicly available at http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/tara/. The link provides access to the 11 raw metagenomic co-assemblies, the FASTA files for 713 MAGs and SAGs, the ∼10 million protein-coding sequences (nucleotides, amino acids and gff format), and the curated DNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes (MAGs and SAGs and METdb transcriptomes). This link also provides access to the supplemental figures and the Supplemental material. Finally, code development within anvi’o for the BUSCO single copy core genes is available at https://github.com/merenlab/anvio. • Original code has been deposited at Zenodo and is publicly available. The accession number is listed in the key resources table. • Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request, Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the evolutionary history and genomic underpinnings of planktonic ecosystems. Here, we used 280 billion Tara Oceans metagenomic reads from polar, temperate, and tropical sunlit oceans to reconstruct and manually curate more than 700 abundant and widespread eukaryotic environmental genomes ranging from 10 Mbp to 1.3 Gbp. This genomic resource covers a wide range of poorly characterized eukaryotic lineages that complement long-standing contributions from culture collections while better representing plankton in the upper layer of the oceans. We performed the first, to our knowledge, comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of abundant unicellular eukaryotic plankton, revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. Neither trophic modes of plankton nor its vertical evolutionary history could completely explain the functional repertoire convergence of major eukaryotic lineages that coexisted within oceanic currents for millions of years, Tara Oceans (which includes the Tara Oceans and Tara Oceans Polar Circle expeditions) would not exist without the leadership of the Tara Ocean Foundation and the continuous support of 23 institutes (https://oceans.taraexpeditions.org/). We thank the commitment of the following people and sponsors who made this singular expedition possible: CNRS (in particular Groupement de Recherche GDR3280 and the Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution FR2022/Tara GOSEE), the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genoscope/CEA, the French Ministry of Research and the French Governement ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ programs Oceanomics (ANR-11-BTBR-0008), FRANCE GENOMIQUE (ANR-10-INBS-09), ATIGE Genopole postdoctoral fellowship, HYDROGEN/ANR-14-CE23-0001, MEMO LIFE (ANR-10-LABX-54), PSL Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) and EMBRC-France (ANR-10-INBS-02), Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders, VIB, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, UNIMIB, ANR (projects ALGALVIRUS ANR-17-CE02- 0012, PHYTBACK/ANR-2010-1709-01, POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348, PROMETHEUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-217, TARA-GIRUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-218), EU FP7 (MicroB3/No. 287589, IHMS/HEALTH-F4-2010-261376), Genopole, CEA DRF Impulsion program, OCEANOMICS (project no. ANR-11-BTBR-0008), ERC Advanced Award Diatomic (grant agreement No 835067) to CB. The authors also thank Agnès B. and E. Bourgois, the Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation, the Veolia Foundation, the EDF Foundation, Region Bretagne, Lorient Agglomeration, Worldcourier, Illumina, Serge Ferrari, and the Fonds Francais pour l'Environnement Mondial for support and commitment. [...] Part of the computations were performed using the platine, titane, and curie HPC machine provided through GENCI grants (t2011076389, t2012076389, t2013036389, t2014036389, t2015036389, and t2016036389, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

Published
2022

11. A DELTA-LAKE SYSTEM AT JEZERO CRATER (MARS) FROM LONG DISTANCE OBSERVATIONS

Author

Sanjeev Gupta, Nicolas Mangold, Bell, Jim F., Olivier Gasnault, Tarnas, J. D., Sholes, S., Briony Horgan, Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Roberta Yingst, Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Fred Calef, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Ehlmann, B., Kenneth Farley, Grotzinger, John P., Hickman-Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, Linda C., Kanine, M., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, Scott M., Sylvestre Maurice, Nuñez, J., Ollila, A. M., Gerhard Paar, Paolo Pilleri, Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Katie Stack‐morgan, Vivian Sun, Treiman, Allan H., Weiss, B., Wiens, Roger C., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, Kenneth H., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Joanneum Research, College of Engineering and Science [Louisiana], Louisiana Tech University, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentolgoy, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Orbital and rover observations of relictgeomorphic features and stratigraphic architectures indicate Mars once had a warmer, wetter climate. Constraining the character, relative timing and persistence of ancient aqueous activity on Mars is possible through detailed interrogation of the stratal geometry of aqueously deposited sedimentary bodies. Such analyses inform interpretations of Martian climate evolution, potential habitability, and search strategies for rocks that might contain potential biosignatures. A prominent sedimentary fan deposit at the westernmargin of Jezero crater has been inferred to be a river delta that built into an ancient lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8 Ga) [1, 2, 3]. The Perseverance rover landed on 18 February 2021 ~2.2 km from the western fan. During the early phase of mission investigations, highresolution images obtained from the Mastcam-Z camera and from the Remote Micro-Imager of the SuperCaminstrument provided the first ground-based observations of the western fan and an associated remnant outcrop, named Kodiak. Here, we report its sedimentology, which provide new constraints on the nature of the fan deposits, and their paleoenvironmental implications (4).

Published
2022

12. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VARIATIONS IN FLUVIAL INPUT WITHIN JEZERO CRATER FROM PERSEVERANCE ROVER OBSERVATIONS

Author

Nicolas Mangold, Sanjeev Gupta, Gwénaël CARAVACA, Olivier Gasnault, Gilles Dromart, Tarnas, J., Sholes, S., Horgan, B., Cathy Quantin-Nataf, Brown, A., Stéphane Le Mouélic, Yingst, R., Bell, J., Olivier Beyssac, Bosak, T., Calef, F., Ehlmann, B., Farley, K., Grotzinger, J., Hickman- Lewis, K., Holm-Alwmark, S., Kah, L., Martinez-Frias, J., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Nuñez, J., Ollila, A., Pilleri, P., Rice, J., Rice, M., Simon, J., Shuster, D., Stack, K., Sun, V., Treiman, A., Weiss, B., Wiens, R., Williams, A., Williams, N., Williford, K., Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Plancius Research LLC, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Lund University [Lund], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), JHUAPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), College of Science & Engineering (College of Science & Engineering), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Perseverance rover landed on the floor of Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. The landing site, named “Octavia E. Butler” is located ~2.2 km from the SE-facing erosional scarp of the western fan deposits, which are of strong interest for the mission [1-2]. Images obtained using the Mastcam-Z camera and the Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) of the SuperCam instrument provided the first Mars ground-based observations of this western fan (Fig. 1). At the distance images were taken, the RMI images offer a pixel resolution of 2.2 cm, thus enabling identification of objects of typically 7-8 cm (3-4 pixels). Observations of the residual butte Kodiak confirmed the presence of a lake within Jezero crater, but also showed that the lake deduced from the deltaic architecture at Kodiak had a level ~100 m lower than expected (-2495/-2500 m), and was thus a closed system for a significant period [3]. In addition, the coarser deposits (boulder conglomerates and pebbly sandstones) observed near the top of all of the scarps are typical of fluvial floods with high energy, reflecting a change in hydrology of the fluvial system. Here, we focus on the hydrological characteristics of fluvial deposits observed within the scarps of the delta, both as topsets and as boulder conglomerates.

Published
2022

13. Multilateral benefit-sharing from digital sequence information will support both science and biodiversity conservation

Author

Amber Hartman Scholz, Jens Freitag, Christopher H. C. Lyal, Rodrigo Sara, Martha Lucia Cepeda, Ibon Cancio, Scarlett Sett, Andrew Lee Hufton, Yemisrach Abebaw, Kailash Bansal, Halima Benbouza, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Sylvain Brisse, Michael W. Bruford, Hayley Clissold, Guy Cochrane, Jonathan A. Coddington, Anne-Caroline Deletoille, Felipe García-Cardona, Michelle Hamer, Raquel Hurtado-Ortiz, Douglas W. Miano, David Nicholson, Guilherme Oliveira, Carlos Ospina Bravo, Fabian Rohden, Ole Seberg, Gernot Segelbacher, Yogesh Shouche, Alejandra Sierra, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi, Jessica da Silva, Desiree M. Hautea, Manuela da Silva, Mutsuaki Suzuki, Kassahun Tesfaye, Christian Keambou Tiambo, Krystal A. Tolley, Rajeev Varshney, María Mercedes Zambrano, Jörg Overmann, European Commission, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH / Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), One Planet Solutions, Montpellier, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), European Marine Biological Resource Centre (EMBRC-ERIC), Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa, National Academy of Agricultural Science and Global Plant Council, New Delhi, National Council of Scientific Research and Technologies (NCSRT), Algiers (NCSRT), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Cooperatives, Nairobi, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Cardiff University, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Global Genome Initiative, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute, Bogota, South African National Biodiversity Institute, University of Nairobi (UoN), Instituto Tecnológico Vale [Belém, Brazil] (ITV), Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Developmentment, University of Lethbridge, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], National Centre for Cell Science [Pune, India] (NCCS), Mariano Galvez University, Guatemala City, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Institute of Biotechnology [Vilnius], Life Science Center [Vilnius], Vilnius University [Vilnius]-Vilnius University [Vilnius], Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health [Edimburgh] (CTLGH), Murdoch University, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogota, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], This work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) WiLDSI 031B0862 (A.H.S., J.O., and J.F.) and Horizon Europe EVA-GLOBAL 871029 (A.H.S.). I.K.M. was supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health., European Project: 871029,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2019-1,EVA-GLOBAL(2020), and European Project: 01UU1602A/C

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Open access to sequence data is a cornerstone of biology and biodiversity research, but has created tension under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Policy decisions could compromise research and development, unless a practical multilateral solution is implemented. This workwas funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) WiLDSI 031B0862 (A.H.S., J.O., and J.F.) and Horizon Europe EVA-GLOBAL 871029 (A.H.S.). I.K.M. was supported by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Published
2022
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14. New species of belytine and diapriine wasps (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) from Eocene Baltic amber

Author

Lars Vilhelmsen, Manuel Brazidec, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Invertebrate Department, Zoological Museum, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
Bartonian-Priabonian, Diapriinae, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cenozoic, Biodiversity, Hymenoptera, fossil record, Diapriidae, ddc:590, Animalia, Belytinae, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy
Abstract

International audience; The fossil diversity of Diapriidae in Baltic amber, dated Upper Eocene, has been poorly investigated. However, some studies suggest that this family was already diversified at this time. This is supported by our present study of the Baltic amber collection of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, from which we describe and figure ten new species belonging to the subfamilies Belytinae: Belyta knudhoejgaardi sp. nov., Cinetus breviscapus sp. nov., Cinetus elongatus sp. nov., Pantoclis globosa sp. nov., Pantolyta augustinusii sp. nov., Pantolyta chemyrevae sp. nov., Pantolyta similis sp. nov.; and Diapriinae: Basalys villumi sp. nov., Doliopria baltica sp. nov. and Spilomicrus succinalis sp. nov. The diversity of extant genera observed leads us to propose an origin in the early Cenozoic for these taxa. The fossil record of the Diapriidae in Baltic amber is also summarized.

Published
2022

15. Evolution and classification of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and their close relatives (Castilleae) united by involucral bracts

Author

Nina Rønsted, Sam Bruun-Lund, Wendy L. Clement, Alanna Cohen, Finn Kjellberg, George D. Weiblen, The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mixtiflores, Pollination, Ficus, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Asperae, Clade, paralogy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coevolution, 030304 developmental biology, Mutualism (biology), 0303 health sciences, Noyera, biology, phylogenetic reconstruction, external transcribed spacer, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Moraceae, Castilleae, Evolutionary biology, Involucrata, Evolutionary ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Figs and fig wasps are a classic example of an obligate pollination mutualism. Decades of work untangling the ecology and evolution of these organisms has simultaneously contributed to development of the fields of mutualism, coevolution and plant-insect interactions at large. With > 800 species, figs (Ficus, Moraceae) are among some of the larger genera of angiosperms. Phylogenetic studies of Moraceae have supported the clade Castilleae as the sister lineage of Ficus. Compared to Ficus, Castilleae have many fewer species (60 species in 11 genera), suggesting changes in rates of diversification along these two branches. Relatively little is known about Castilleae compared to Ficus, and we argue that defining the clade comprising Ficus and Castilleae, hereafter Involucrata, focuses attention on opportunities for comparative studies of pollination mutualisms and diversification rates. In this study, we define Involucrata and propose a revised classification scheme that accounts for the phylogenetic reconstruction based on the most comprehensive sampling of this group to date. Moving forward, this classification will better guide and support evolutionary, ecological and comparative pollination biology studies of this group. Additional Keyword: Asperae-external transcribed spacer-Involucrata-Mixtiflores-Noyera-paralogy-phylogenetic reconstruction.

Published
2020

18. AMBITION – comet nucleus cryogenic sample return

Author

Hervé Cottin, Carsten Güttler, Stavro Ivanoski, Colin Snodgrass, Claudio Codella, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Kelly E. Miller, Pierre Henri, Maria Drozdovskaya, Alain Herique, Gianrico Filacchione, Kathrin Altwegg, Nicolas Thomas, Martin Bizzarro, Maria Cristina De Sanctis, Rosita Kokotanekova, E. Bianchi, Björn Davidsson, Lydie Bonal, Stefan Ulamec, Cécile Engrand, Cecilia Tubiana, Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, Mathieu Choukroun, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Marina Galand, Alessandra Rotundi, Jürgen Blum, M. Schönbächler, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Centre for Star and Planet Formation (STARPLAN), Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Center for Space and Habitability (CSH), University of Bern, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), European Southern Observatory (ESO), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie [Napoli] (DIST), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universität Bern [Bern], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, and Imperial College London-Imperial College London

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Space missions, Space exploration, Astrobiology, Comet nucleus, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Solar system, 520 Astronomy, Giant planet, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 620 Engineering, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Formation and evolution of the Solar System, Geology
Abstract

We describe the AMBITION project, a mission to return the first-ever cryogenically-stored sample of a cometary nucleus, that has been proposed for the ESA Science Programme Voyage 2050. Comets are the leftover building blocks of giant planet cores and other planetary bodies, and fingerprints of Solar System’s formation processes. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science and Solar System formation after the successful Rosetta mission. We show that many of these scientific questions require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We summarize measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions. We emphasize the need for returning a sample collected at depth or, still more challenging, at cryogenic temperatures while preserving the stratigraphy of the comet nucleus surface layers. We provide requirements for the next generation of landers, for cryogenic sample acquisition and storage during the return to Earth. Rendezvous missions to the main belt comets and Centaurs, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets, are also discussed. The AMBITION project is discussed in the international context of comet and asteroid space exploration.

Published
2021

19. Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change

Author

Mark Nuttall, Sebastian Wetterich, Rebecca Jackson, Thomas Davidson, Simone Wengrat, Erik Jeppesen, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Sami J. Taipale, Jari Syväranta, William Colgan, Guillaume Massé, Kaarina Weckström, Steffen M. Olsen, Sofia Ribeiro, Jacques Giraudeau, Eleanor Georgiadis, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Antoon Kuijpers, Bjarne Grønnow, Audrey Limoges, Astrid Strunk, Jesper V. Olsen, Xavier Crosta, Kasper Lambert Johansen, Helen Mackay, Martin Nissen, Anders Mosbech, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Naja Mikkelsen, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Eastern Finland, The School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Department of Geography (UNIVERSITé DE DURHAM), Durham University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Aarhus University Hospital, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), SINO-DANISH CENTRE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH BEIJING CHN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), University of Alberta, National Museum of Denmark, Department of Conservation, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Biosciences, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem ecology, General Physics and Astronomy, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, palaeoceanography, Palaeoceanography, TEMPERATURES, ilmasto, HOLOCENE, Holocene, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, arktinen alue, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Climate-change ecology, ecosystem ecology, RECORD, GREENLAND, VARIABILITY, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lämpeneminen, SEA-ICE, ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, SEDIMENTS, climate-change ecology, Science, Grönlanti, Climate change, inuitit, palaeoclimate, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Ecosystem, RECONSTRUCTION, 14. Life underwater, Keystone species, 1172 Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global warming, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, ilmastonmuutokset, ekosysteemit (ekologia), Arctic, 13. Climate action, merijää, paleoklimatologia
Abstract

High Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-to-late Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk., The North Water polynya is a unique but vulnerable ecosystem, home to Indigenous people and Arctic keystone species. New palaeoecological records from Greenland suggest human abandonment c. 2200–1200 cal yrs BP occurred during climate-forced polynya instability, foreshadowing future ecosystem declines.

Published
2021

21. Kinetic and equilibrium Ca isotope effects in high-T rocks and minerals

Author

Barbara Tripoli, Martin Schiller, Michael A. Antonelli, Edward S. Grew, Thomas Chacko, Tushar Mittal, Donald J. DePaolo, Edwin A. Schauble, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Partenaires INRAE, ‎ Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada, Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA, and National Science Foundation (NSF)EAR100500Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSERC post-graduate funding PGS-D3-438843-2013National Science Foundation (NSF)DPP 76-80957EAR1530306

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lower crust, Analytical chemistry, engineering.material, granulites-facies, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Anorthite, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Kinetic isotope effect, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Plagioclase, density-functional theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, disequilibrium, Olivine, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], calcium isotopes, diffusion, Silicate, Equilibrium fractionation, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, engineering, Kinetic fractionation, Geology
Abstract

Calcium isotope data ( δ 44 Ca , μ 42 / 44 Ca , and μ 48 / 44 Ca ) are reported for high-temperature metamorphic rocks and minerals, and compared with density-functional theory (DFT) estimates of equilibrium Ca isotope fractionation factors for plagioclase, garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine, and apatite. The data and calculations are used to evaluate equilibrium and kinetic fractionation effects that apply to high-temperature metamorphism, where extended residence at high temperature should promote equilibration, but where centimeter-to-meter scale Ca transport could produce diffusive kinetic effects. At upper-granulite facies conditions (T ≥ ∼900 °C), DFT-predicted equilibrium fractionations between minerals are ≤0.8‰, decreasing to ca. 0.6‰ at 1100 °C. We find much larger δ 44 Ca variations in both whole-rock samples (range of ∼4‰) and individual minerals (range of ∼8‰), and large variations in the Ca isotope fractionation between mineral pairs (e.g. Δ 44 Ca grt-plag from −1.5 to +1.5‰). Deviations from equilibrium tend to be larger in concert with indications of higher temperature, such as increasing whole-rock Mg#, plagioclase anorthite content, orthopyroxene Ca/Mg, and garnet Mg#. These large variations are inferred to be due to intragranular or grain-boundary diffusion during metamorphism, as this is the only mechanism that can produce such large isotopic variations. We can confirm the kinetic origin of the variations using measurements of μ 48 / 44 Ca by MC-ICP-MS to distinguish kinetic from equilibrium fractionation processes using a triple-isotope approach. A new variable ( Δ 48 Ca ′ ) quantifies deviations from the Ca-isotope equilibrium slope on a plot of 48Ca/44Ca vs. 42Ca/44Ca. Available geochronological constraints and numerical modeling indicate that observed kinetic isotope fractionations between adjacent high and low Ca rock layers require effective Ca diffusivities of 10−10 to 10−7 m2/yr, and a ratio of Ca isotope diffusivities of D 44 / D 40 ≈ 0.99. The diffusivities are consistent with Ca transport by volume- and grain-boundary diffusion. The apparent contrast in isotopic diffusivities is large and more consistent with silicate liquids than aqueous fluids. This study confirms that kinetic Ca isotope effects are abundant in nature and can overwrite small equilibrium effects, even at high temperatures and even when other techniques (such as Fe-Mg exchange and Ca-in-Opx thermometry) suggest the establishment of chemical equilibrium. Our results imply that kinetic fractionation effects may complicate the use of δ 44 Ca measurements for geothermometry or as a tracer of carbonate recycling into the mantle.

Published
2019

22. Contrasting gene decay in subterranean vertebrates: insights from cavefishes and fossorial mammals

Author

Julien Fumey, Cédric Cabau, Corentin Dechaud, Sylvie Rétaux, Louis Bernatchez, Peter Møller, Magali Naville, Christophe Klopp, Claude Thermes, Erik García-Machado, Maxime Policarpo, Jean-Nicolas Volff, Philippe Lafargeas, Didier Casane, Delphine Naquin, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme de séquençage à haut débit (NGS), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Système d'Information des GENomes des Animaux d'Elevage (SIGENAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE92-0019,EVOBOOSTER,Impact des éléments transposables sur les réseaux de régulation génique : application aux voies biologiques à évolution rapide chez les poissons(2016), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, genetic structures, Pseudogene, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, relaxed selection, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Lucifuga, 03 medical and health sciences, Cave, Loss of Function Mutation, Circadian Clocks, Genetics, Animals, Sinocyclocheilus, Selection, Genetic, education, Molecular Biology, Gene, molecular dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Discoveries, Vision, Ocular, Zebrafish, eye-specific genes, 030304 developmental biology, cavefishes, 0303 health sciences, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Pigmentation, Fossorial, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, Fishes, biology.organism_classification, Moles, Caves, machine learning, Evolutionary biology, pseudogenization, Pseudogenes
Abstract

Evolution sometimes proceeds by loss, especially when structures and genes become dispensable after an environmental shift relaxes functional constraints. Subterranean vertebrates are outstanding models to analyze this process, and gene decay can serve as a readout. We sought to understand some general principles on the extent and tempo of the decay of genes involved in vision, circadian clock, and pigmentation in cavefishes. The analysis of the genomes of two Cuban species belonging to the genus Lucifuga provided evidence for the largest loss of eye-specific genes and nonvisual opsin genes reported so far in cavefishes. Comparisons with a recently evolved cave population of Astyanax mexicanus and three species belonging to the Chinese tetraploid genus Sinocyclocheilus revealed the combined effects of the level of eye regression, time, and genome ploidy on eye-specific gene pseudogenization. The limited extent of gene decay in all these cavefishes and the very small number of loss-of-function mutations per pseudogene suggest that their eye degeneration may not be very ancient, ranging from early to late Pleistocene. This is in sharp contrast with the identification of several vision genes carrying many loss-of-function mutations in ancient fossorial mammals, further suggesting that blind fishes cannot thrive more than a few million years in cave ecosystems.

Published
2021

25. Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics

Author

Rencia van der Sluis, Nadine Thiele, Borja Milá, Araxi O. Urrutia, Josefin Stiller, Joel Cracraft, Zongji Wang, Qiye Li, Barney A. Schlinger, Guojie Zhang, Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, Oliver A. Ryder, Rebecca B. Dikow, Thomas L. Parchman, Emily Cavill, John G. Blake, Libby C. Megna, Andrew G. Clark, Christopher C. Witt, Ángela M. Parody-Merino, Jason T. Weir, Wanjun Chen, Jason T. Howard, T. Brandt Ryder, Michael G. Campana, Jon Fjeldså, Robb T. Brumfield, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Alexandre Aleixo, Gerald Borgia, Qi Fang, Phil F. Battley, Ellen D. Ketterson, Matthew I. M. Louder, Scott A. Taylor, Glaucia Del-Rio, Scott V. Edwards, Sergio Andreu-Sánchez, Fumin Lei, Irby J. Lovette, Neil J. Gemmell, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Carole A. Parent, Huanming Yang, André E. R. Soares, David W. Burt, Guanliang Meng, André Corvelo, Nicolas Dussex, Jimmy A. McGuire, Kira E. Delmore, Marc P. Hoeppner, Julio Rozas, Ângela M. Ribeiro, Les Christidis, Haw Chuan Lim, Guillermo Friis, Guangji Chen, Martin Stervander, Mads F. Bertelsen, Siavash Mirarab, Biao Wang, Hanna Sigeman, Lara Puetz, Qi Zhou, Marta Riutort, Knud A. Jønsson, Christopher N. Balakrishnan, Alexander Suh, Edward L. Braun, Nicholas Costa Barroso Lima, Jeffrey M. DaCosta, Reed Bowman, Yang Liu, Kim Rutherford, Ashot Margaryan, Peter Njoroge, Beth Shapiro, Benedict Paten, Shaohong Feng, Adam M. Fudickar, Jacob González-Solís, Bent O. Petersen, Subir B. Shakya, Henrik Mouritsen, Glauco Camenisch, Maude W. Baldwin, Andrew Hart Reeve, Bruce C. Robertson, Morgan Wirthlin, Shannon J. Hackett, Chunxue Guo, Bengt Hansson, Peter G. Ryan, Miriam Liedvogel, Alain Vignal, Saul J. Cowen, Matthew J. Fuxjager, Robert C. Fleischer, Dustin J. Foote, Joel Armstrong, Joann Mudge, Nancy F. Chen, Santiago Claramunt, Joan Ferrer-Obiol, John W. Fitzpatrick, Leopold Eckhart, Mark E. Hauber, Michael Bunce, Carsten Rahbek, George Pacheco, Dieter Thomas Tietze, Gang Song, Jérôme Fuchs, John P. Dumbacher, Henriette van der Zwan, Love Dalén, Michael J. Braun, Lukas F. Keller, Yuan Deng, Jian Wang, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Tamás Székely, Erich D. Jarvis, Alison Cloutier, David Haussler, Matthew D. Carling, Carina Visser, Paul B. Frandsen, Anna Tigano, Andre Franke, Suvi Ponnikas, Claudio V. Mello, Vicki L. Friesen, Timothy B. Sackton, Rute R. da Fonseca, Frederick H. Sheldon, Duo Xie, Brant C. Faircloth, Bette A. Loiselle, Gary R. Graves, Ian G. Jamieson, Mark Diekhans, Lainy B. Day, Peter A. Hosner, Murray P. Cox, Oliver Krone, Andrew E. Fidler, Peter Houde, Francisco Prosdocimi, Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Carlsberg Foundation, Velux Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health (US), China National GeneBank, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Louisiana State University (LSU), Museum of Natural Science, IT University of Copenhagen, AIMST University, Zhejiang University, University of Vienna [Vienna], Zhejiang University School of Medicine [China], Institute of Molecular Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia (IMB NAS RA), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Novogene, Duke University Medical Center, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (U54 HG007990, T32 HG008345, R01 HG010053), NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) (U01 HL137183), 25621572 - Van der Zwan, Henriëtte, and 21224919 - Van der Sluis, Rencia

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, GENES, PROTEINS, Tree of life, Genomics, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Article, Evolutionary genetics, génomique, Evolutionsbiologi, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, ACCELERATED EVOLUTION, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, REVEALS, genomics, Genetics, DIVERGENCE, Genomes, Genetik, Cladistic analysis, Selection (genetic algorithm), TREE, 030304 developmental biology, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, SEQUENCES, Human evolutionary genetics, Cladística, Biodiversity, DNA, 15. Life on land, échantillonnage, Sampling Methods, Biodiversitat, DUPLICATION, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Evolutionary biology, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, PACKAGE
Abstract

Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity1–4. Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference5, and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families—including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species., A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.

Published
2020

28. Ecological variables for deep-ocean monitoring must include microbiota and meiofauna for effective conservation

Author

Ann Vanreusel, Jyotsna Sharma, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Ellen Pape, Jeroen Ingels, Lara Macheriotou, William B. Homoky, Martin V. Sørensen, Hartmut Arndt, Andrew J. Gooday, Nuria Sánchez, John R. Dolan, Jan Pawlowski, Daniela Zeppilli, Daniel Leduc, Clare Woulds, Alexandra Schoenle, Francesca Pasotti, Pedro Martínez Arbizu, Sabine Gollner, Michaela Schratzberger, Florida State University [Panama City], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of Leeds, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], IFREMER- Département Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds (DEEP/LEP), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, SEA, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Meiobenthos, media_common.quotation_subject, Microbiota, Oceans and Seas, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

The deep sea (>200 m depth) encompasses >95% of the world’s ocean volume and represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (

Published
2020

29. Population genomics of the widespread African savannah trees Afzelia africana and Afzelia quanzensis reveals no significant past fragmentation of their distribution ranges

Author

Myriam Heuertz, Olivier J. Hardy, Jérôme Duminil, Kasso Daïnou, Armel S L Donkpegan, Jean-Louis Doucet, Rosalía Piñeiro, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Exeter, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Sub-Regional Office for Central Africa, and Partenaires INRAE

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Afzelia africana, Population fragmentation, Range (biology), isolation by distance, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Afzelia, Genetics, demographic expansion, Humans, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, kinship, Isolation by distance, Genetic diversity, biology, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Fabaceae, Afzelia quanzensis, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, SSRs, Evolutionary biology, Fabaceae - Detarioideae, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, savannah trees, Metagenomics, Biologie, 010606 plant biology & botany, Microsatellite Repeats, SNPs, spatial genetic structure
Abstract

Premise: Few studies have addressed the evolutionary history of tree species from African savannahs. Afzelia contains economically important timber species, including two species widely distributed in African savannahs: A. africana in the Sudanian region and A. quanzensis in the Zambezian region. We aimed to infer whether these species underwent range fragmentation and/or demographic changes, possibly reflecting how savannahs responded to Quaternary climate changes. Methods: We characterized the genetic diversity and structure of these species across their distribution ranges using nuclear microsatellites (SSRs) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers. Six SSR loci were genotyped in 241 A. africana and 113 A. quanzensis individuals, while 2800 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 30 A. africana individuals. Results: Both species appeared to be mainly outcrossing. The kinship between individuals decayed with the logarithm of the distance at similar rates across species and markers, leading to relatively small Sp statistics (0.0056 for SSR and 0.0054 for SNP in A. africana, 0.0075 for SSR in A. quanzensis). The patterns were consistent with isolation by distance expectations in the absence of large-scale geographic gradients. Bayesian clustering of SSR genotypes did not detect genetic clusters within species. In contrast, SNP data resolved intraspecific genetic clusters in A. africana, illustrating the higher resolving power of GBS. However, these clusters revealed low levels of differentiation and no clear geographical entities, so that they were interpreted as resulting from the isolation by distance pattern rather than from past population fragmentation. Conclusions: These results suggest that populations have remained connected throughout the large, continuous savannah landscapes. The absence of clear phylogeographic discontinuities, also found in a few other African savannah trees, indicates that their distribution ranges have not been significantly fragmented during the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene, in contrast to patterns commonly found in African rainforest trees., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

30. A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses

Author

Olivier J. Hardy, Brecht Verstraete, Hans Beeckman, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, C.A.M. Marshall, Marc S.M. Sosef, Vincent Droissart, Vincent S. F. T. Merckx, Olivier Maurin, Steven B. Janssens, William D. Hawthorne, Fidèle Baya, Denis Beina, Michelle van der Bank, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Gilles Dauby, Samuel Vanden Abeele, Arne Mertens, Maurizio Mascarello, Léo-Paul M.J. Dagallier, Filip Vandelook, Botanic Garden Meise, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Ministère Centrafricain des Eaux, Forêts, Chasses et Pêches (MEFCP), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), HERBAXYLAREDD project (BR/143/A3/HERBAXYLAREDD), BELSPO research program AFRIFORD, Couvreur, Thomas LP [0000-0002-8509-6587], Mertens, Arne [0000-0003-3272-9464], Dagallier, Leo-Paul MJ [0000-0002-3270-1544], Vanden Abeele, Samuel [0000-0001-9100-3642], Mascarello, Maurizio [0000-0003-0325-2345], Droissart, Vincent [0000-0001-9798-5616], Marshall, Cicely [0000-0002-7397-6472], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Couvreur, Thomas L P [0000-0002-8509-6587], and Dagallier, Leo-Paul M J [0000-0002-3270-1544]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, FOSSIL EVIDENCE, Angiosperms, Evolution, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biology, phylogeny, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, WESTERN INTERIOR, 03 medical and health sciences, GENUS, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species level, Phylogenetics, evolution, R PACKAGE, lcsh:QH301-705.5, FRUITS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, NEW-JERSEY, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, EARLY EOCENE, NORTH-AMERICA, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, lcsh:Biology (General), Large-scale dating analyses, FOS: Biological sciences, GenBank, large-scale dating analyse, large-scale dating analyses, Biodiversity Conservation, SP-NOV, Research questions, DIVERSIFICATION, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), angiosperms, Biologie, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article
Abstract

Phylogenies are a central and indispensable tool for evolutionary and ecological research. Even though most angiosperm families are well investigated from a phylogenetic point of view, there are far less possibilities to carry out large-scale meta-analyses at order level or higher. Here, we reconstructed a large-scale dated phylogeny including nearly 1/8th of all angiosperm species, based on two plastid barcoding genes, matK (incl. trnK) and rbcL. Novel sequences were generated for several species, while the rest of the data were mined from GenBank. The resulting tree was dated using 56 angiosperm fossils as calibration points. The resulting megaphylogeny is one of the largest dated phylogenetic tree of angiosperms yet, consisting of 36,101 sampled species, representing 8,399 genera, 426 families and all orders. This novel framework will be useful for investigating different broad scale research questions in ecological and evolutionary biology., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

31. The role of Bells in the continuous accretion between the CM and CR chondrite reservoirs

Author

Martin Bizzarro, Elishevah M. M. E. van Kooten, D. Wielandt, Larissa L. Cavalcante, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institute of Chemistry [University of São Paulo] | Instituto de Química [Universidade de São Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Centre for Star and Planet Formation [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo

Subjects
Solar System, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, Astrobiology, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, CHRONOLOGY, AL-26, HETEROGENEITY, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ORIGIN, METEORITES, MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPE ANOMALIES, Chondrule, Articles, CHONDRULES, Accretion (astrophysics), EVOLUTION, TIMESCALES, Geophysics, Meteorite, AQUEOUS ALTERATION, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Terrestrial planet, Original Article, Geology
Abstract

CM meteorites are dominant members of carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), which evidently accreted in a region separated from the terrestrial planets. These chondrites are key in determining the accretion regions of solar system materials, since in Mg and Cr isotope space, they intersect between what are identified as inner and outer solar system reservoirs. In this model, the outer reservoir is represented by metal-rich carbonaceous chondrites (MRCCs), including CR chondrites. An important question remains whether the barrier between MRCCs and CCs was a temporal or spatial one. CM chondrites and chondrules are used here to identify the nature of the barrier as well as the timescale of chondrite parent body accretion. We find based on high precision Mg and Cr isotope data of seven CM chondrites and 12 chondrules, that accretion in the CM chondrite reservoir was continuous lasting by the anomalous CM chondrite Bells. We further argue that although MRCCs likely accreted later than CM chondrites, CR chondrules must have initially formed from a reservoir spatially separated from CM chondrules. Finally, we hypothesize on the nature of the spatial barrier separating these reservoirs.

Published
2020

32. Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Author

Johanna E. Kowalko, Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira, Maja Zagmajster, J. Judson Wynne, Paulo A. V. Borges, Thais Giovannini Pellegrini, Meredith Protas, Florian Malard, Stefano Mammola, Naowarat Cheeptham, Melissa B. Meierhofer, Raoul Manenti, Louis Deharveng, William R. Jeffery, Jure Jugovic, Žiga Fišer, Michael P. Venarsky, Cene Fišer, Matthew L. Niemiller, Isabel R. Amorim, David C. Culver, Diana E. Northup, Alejandro Martínez, Tanja Pipan, Daniel W. Fong, Pedro Cardoso, Steven J. B. Cooper, David Eme, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Thomas M. Lilley, Maria Elina Bichuette, Christian Griebler, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki (LUOMUS), Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Laboratory of Subterranean Studies, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), University of Adelaide, Department of Environmental Science [Washington], American University Washington D.C. (AU), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ifremer BE/LBCM Centre Atlantique, Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, SubBioLab [Ljubljana, Slovénie], University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Science and Policy [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University–Commerce, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biology [New Mexico], The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute, UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Domenicas University of California, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University [Brisbane], Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Finnish Museum of Natural History, and Zoology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Big data, DIVERSITY, Globe, REGRESSIVE EVOLUTION, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, groundwater, Natural (music), Groundwater, Horizon Scanning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 0303 health sciences, FRESH-WATER CRAYFISHES, Ecology, Scope (project management), Research Questions, Genomics, Expert Opinion, Adaptation, Physiological, expert opinion, Caves, medicine.anatomical_structure, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, stygofauna, Engineering ethics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, CAVE CONSERVATION, Geology, SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS, Stygofauna, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, troglobionts, GENE FLOW, medicine, Adaptation (computer science), 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, DIVING BEETLES, 15. Life on land, research questions, LIFE, 13. Climate action, cave biology, BIODIVERSITY, Biospeleology, Troglobionts, biospeleology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Cave Biology, horizon scanning, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field. S.M acknowledge support by the CAWEB project “Testing macroecological theory using simplified systems”, funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowships (Grant no. 882221). I.R.A. was supported by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Norma Transitória – DL57/2016/ CP1375/CT0003. D.E. was supported by IFREMER and by the CERES “Climate change and European Aquatic Resources” project funded by European Commission through Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant no. 678193). C.F., Z.F., and M.Z. were supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (program P1-0184, project N1-0069). J.E.K. was funded by NSF awards DEB1754231 and IOS1933428, and EDGE award 1923372. F.M. was supported by the French National Research Agency projects CONVERGENOMICS (ANR-15-CE32-0005) and EUR H2O’Lyon (ANR-17-EURE-0018). A.M. was supported by the ANCAVE project “Anchialine caves to understand evolutionary processes”, funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowships (Grant no. 745530). P.A.V.B. was supported by the project AZORESBIOPORTAL – PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072), financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020. A.S.P.S.R. was supported by VILLUM FONDEN (Grant no. 15471) and by a Carlsbergfondet grant (CF19-0609). T.G.P. was supported by Vale S.A. and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for individual fellowship (RDP 00092-18). T.P. was supported by the Karst Research Programme P6-0119, LifeWatch ERIC, RI-SI LifeWatch, and EU H2020 project eLTER. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2020
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33. Chromium Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Ureilite Parent Body

Author

Jean-Alix Barrat, Frédéric Moynier, Ke Zhu, D. Wielandt, K. K. Larsen, Martin Schiller, Martin Bizzarro, Elishevah M. M. E. van Kooten, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), ‎ Inst Univ France, 103 Blvd St Michel, F-75005 Paris, France, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Univ Copenhagen, Globe Inst, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark, Centre for Star and Planet Formation [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6538, Lab Geosci Ocean, Occidentale & Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Pl Nicolas Copern, F-29280 Plouzane, France, and European Research Council under the H2020 framework program/ERC 637503-PristineUnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite ANR-10-LABX-0023ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02French National Research Agency (ANR) Danmarks GrundforskningsfondDNRF97European Research Council (ERC)616027-Stardust2AsteroidsChina Scholarship Council201706340161O. Richard Norton Award Meteoritical Society

Subjects
Physics, 010506 paleontology, chemistry.chemical_element, Small solar system bodies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ureilite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Asteroids, Parent body, Astrobiology, Chromium, Cosmochemistry, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Cosmochronology, Isotopic abundances, Solar system planets, Nucleosynthesis, Astrochemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We report on the mass-independent Cr isotope compositions of 11 main group ureilites and an ureilitic trachyandesite (ALM-A). The 54Cr/52Cr ratios for main group ureilites vary from −1.06±0.04 to −0.78±0.05 and averaged at −0.91±0.15 (2SD, N=18) including the data from literature. We argue that this variation reflects primitive mantle heterogeneities within the ureilite parent body (UPB). As such, this body did not experience a global-scale magma ocean, which is consistent with heterogeneous O isotope in ureilites. Furthermore, the ε54Cr values, Mn/Cr ratios, C isotope ratios, Mg# values, and Fe/Mn ratios in the olivine cores of ureilites are correlated with each other, which suggests the mixing of ureilite precursors from at least two reservoirs, rather than a smelting process or the oxidation from ice melting. All the ureilite samples (including the ALM-A) fall on a well-defined 53Mn–53Cr isochron corresponding to a 53Mn/55Mn ratio of (6.02 ± 1.59)×10−6, which translates to an age of 4566.7±1.5 Ma (within 2 Ma after calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions; CAIs) when anchored to the U-corrected Pb–Pb age for the D’Orbigny angrite. This old age indicates early partial melting on the UPB, consistent with the early accretion of the UPB (within 1 Ma after CAIs) predicted by thermal modeling. Furthermore, there is a 4∼5 Ma age difference between the external isochron in this study and internal isochron ages for the feldspathic clasts in polymict ureilites, which likely reflects an impact history during the early evolution of the UPB.

Published
2020
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34. A major collapse of Kangerlussuaq Glacier's ice tongue between 1932 and 1933 in East Greenland

Author

David J. Wangner, Vincent Klein, Flor Vermassen, Camilla S. Andresen, Anders A. Bjørk, John M. Jaeger, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Kurt H. Kjær, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Jeremie Mouginot, Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), NAIV project funded by LEFE/INSU, Carlsberg Foundation (Grant CF17‐0529), VILLUM project 'Past and Future Dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet: what is the ocean hiding?', University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Florida [Gainesville], University of Grenoble Alpes, France, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), and University of California-University of California

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fjord, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, medicine, Bathymetry, alkenones, Glacier retreat, Collapse (medical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Kangerlussuaq Glacier, historical documents, Sediment, Glacier, Sea surface temperature, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Moraine, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Ice tongue, IRD, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Physical geography, medicine.symptom, Geology
Abstract

International audience; In recent years, several large outlet glaciers in Greenland lost their floating ice tongue, yet little is known regarding their stability over a longer timescale. Here we compile historical documents to demonstrate a major ice tongue collapse of Kangerlussuaq Glacier between 1932 and 1933. This event resulted in a 9-km retreat, exceeding any of the glacier's recent major retreat events. Sediment cores from the fjord are used to reconstruct sea surface temperatures and to investigate a potential sedimentological trace of the collapse. During the 1920s, local and regional sea surface temperatures and air temperatures increased rapidly, suggesting a climatic trigger for the collapse. Fjord bathymetry played an important role too, as the (partially) pinned ice tongue retreated off a submarine moraine during the event. This historical analogue of a glacier tongue collapse emphasizes the fragility of remaining ice tongues in North Greenland within a warming climate. Plain Language Summary In the past two decades, multiple Greenlandic glaciers retreated because their floating part (="ice tongue") melted and broke off. While it is believed that such events are the result of a warming climate, not much is known about how often or when such events have occurred in the past. In this study, we compiled multiple historical sources to show that Kangerlussuaq Glacier, one of Greenland's largest glaciers, retreated drastically between 1932 and 1933. During this event the ice tongue collapsed, leading to a 9-km retreat, which is more than during any of the glacier's recent retreat events. By studying fjord sediments we show that the ocean temperatures increased prior to the event, as did air temperatures. Thus, climatic warming likely triggered the collapse. While other glaciers had already started their retreat decades earlier, Kangerlussuaq Glacier had been stable until 1932, probably due to stabilizing effect of an underwater moraine. Overall, this study emphasizes that ice tongues are sensitive to climatic warming and highlights the precarious position of current ice tongues in Northern Greenland.

Published
2020

35. Miocene diversification in the Savannahs precedes tetraploid rainforest radiation in the african tree genus Afzelia (Detarioideae, Fabaceae)

Author

Donkpegan, Armel S. L., Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier J., Heuertz, Myriam, Piñeiro, Rosalía, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Exeter, and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)

Subjects
High-throughput sequencing, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], high-throughput sequencing, Phylogenomics, phylogenomics, Plant Science, Leguminosae (Detarioideae), species trees, Biome shift, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Afzelia, coalescent approaches, Molecular dating, Coalescent approaches, Biologie, biome shift, molecular dating
Abstract

The dating of diversification events, including transitions between biomes, is key to elucidate the processes that underlie the assembly and evolution of tropical biodiversity. Afzelia is a widespread genus of tropical trees, threatened by exploitation for its valuable timber, that presents an interesting system to investigate diversification events in Africa. Africa hosts diploid Afzelia species in the savannahs north and south of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest and autotetraploid species confined to the rainforest. Species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships among the diploid and tetraploid species remained unresolved in previous studies using small amounts of DNA sequence data. We used genotyping-by-sequencing in the five widespread Afzelia species in Africa, the savannah species A. africana and A. quanzensis and the rainforest species A. bipindensis, A. pachyloba, and A. bella. Maximum likelihood and coalescent approaches resolved all species as monophyletic and placed the savannah and rainforest taxa into two separate clades corresponding to contrasted ploidy levels. Our data are thus compatible with a single biome shift in Afzelia in Africa, although we were unable to conclude on its direction. SNAPP calibrated species trees show that the savannah diploids started to diversify early, at 12 (9.09–14.89) Ma, which contrasts with a recent and rapid diversification of the rainforest tetraploid clade, starting at 4.22 (3.12 – 5.36) Ma. This finding of older diversification in a tropical savannah clade vs. its sister rainforest clade is exceptional; it stands in opposition to the predominant observation of young ages for savannahs lineages in tropical regions during the relatively recent expansion of the savannah biome., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

36. AMBITION Comet Nucleus Cryogenic Sample Return

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, D., Filacchione, Gianrico, Altwegg, Kathrin, Bianchi, Eleonora, Bizzarro, Martin, Blum, Jürgen, Bonal, Lydie, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Codella, Claudio, Choukroun, Mathieu, Cottin, Hervé, Davidsson, Björn, De Sanctis, Maria Cristina, Drozdovskaya, Maria, Engrand, Cécile, Galand, Marina, Güttler, Carsten, Henri, Pierre, Herique, Alain, Ivanoski, Stavro, Kokotanekova, Rosita, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny Chantal, Miller, Kelly E., Rotundi, Alessandra, Schönbächler, Maria, Snodgrass, Colin, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, Ulamec, Stefan, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Star and Planet Formation (STARPLAN), Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Space and Habitability (CSH), University of Bern, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), European Southern Observatory (ESO), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This white paper proposes that AMBITION, a Comet Nucleus Sample Return mission, be a cornerstone of ESA's Voyage 2050 programme. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science after the successes of the Rosetta mission, many of which require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We then summarise measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions, with a recommendation that ESA select an ambitious cryogenic sample return mission. Rendezvous missions to Main Belt comets and Centaurs are compelling cases for M-class missions, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets. AMBITION would engage a wide community, drawing expertise from a vast range of disciplines within planetary science and astrophysics. With AMBITION, Europe will continue its leadership in the exploration of the most primitive Solar System bodies., 8 figures, 26 pages

Published
2019

37. Isotopic fractionation of zirconium during magmatic differentiation and the stable isotope composition of the silicate Earth

Author

Zhengbin Deng, Paul S. Savage, Frédéric Moynier, Matthew G. Jackson, John Creech, James M.D. Day, Fang-Zhen Teng, Martin Bizzarro, Edward C. Inglis, University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Isotope Geochemistry, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), ‎ Inst Univ France, Paris, France, Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Geological Museum [Copenhagen], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, and University of St Andrews [Scotland]

Subjects
Non-traditional stable isotope, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, NDAS, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Magmatic differentiation, Isotope fractionation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Zr isotopes, OIB, Rayleigh fractionation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GE, Stable isotope ratio, Chemistry, Ocean island basalt, MORB, Igneous rock, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Primitive mantle, GE Environmental Sciences, Zircon
Abstract

We thank the ERC under the European Community’s H2020 framework program/ERC grant agreement # 637503 (Pristine)) and for the UnivEarthS Labex program (no. ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02). Parts of this work were supported by IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, and by Region île-de-France SESAME Grant (no. 12015908). High-precision double-spike Zr stable isotope measurements (expressed as δ94/90ZrIPGP-Zr, the permil deviation of the 94Zr/90Zr ratio from the IPGP-Zr standard) are presented for a range of ocean island basalts (OIB) and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) to examine mass-dependent isotopic variations of zirconium in Earth. Ocean island basalts samples, spanning a range of radiogenic isotopic flavours (HIMU, EM) show a limited range in δ94/90ZrIPGP-Zr (0.046 ± 0.037 ‰; 2sd, n=13). Similarly, MORB samples with chondrite-normalized La/Sm of > 0.7 show a limited range in δ94/90ZrIPGP-Zr (0.053 ± 0.040 ‰; 2sd, n=8). In contrast, basaltic lavas from mantle sources that have undergone significant melt depletion, such as depleted normal MORB (N-MORB) show resolvable variations in δ94/90ZrIPGP-Zr, from -0.045 ± 0.018 to 0.074 ± 0.023 ‰. Highly evolved igneous differentiates (>65 wt% SiO2) from Hekla volcano in Iceland are isotopically heavier than less evolved igneous rocks, up to 0.53 ‰. These results suggest that both mantle melt depletion and extreme magmatic differentiation leads to resolvable mass-dependent Zr isotope fractionation. We find that this isotopic fractionation is most likely driven by incorporation of light isotopes of Zr within the 8-fold coordinated sites of zircons, driving residual melts, with a lower coordination chemistry, towards heavier values. Using a Rayleigh fractionation model, we suggest a αzircon-melt of 0.9995 based on the whole rock δ94/90ZrIPGP-Zr values of the samples from Hekla volcano (Iceland). Zirconium isotopic fractionation during melt-depletion of the mantle is less well-constrained, but may result from incongruent melting and incorporation of isotopically light Zr in the 8-fold coordinated M2 site of orthopyroxene. Based on these observations lavas originating from the effect of melt extraction from a depleted mantle source (N-MORB) or that underwent zircon saturation (SiO2 >65 wt%) are removed from the dataset to give an estimate of the primitive mantle Zr isotope composition of 0.048 ± 0.032 ‰; 2sd, n=48. These data show that major controls on Zr fractionation in the Earth result from partial melt extraction in the mantle and by zircon fractionation in differentiated melts. Conversely, fertile mantle is homogenous with respect to Zr isotopes. Zirconium mass-dependent fractionation effects can therefore be used to trace large-scale mantle melt depletion events and the effects of felsic crust formation. Publisher PDF

Published
2019

38. Stability in Lepidoptera names is not served by reversal to gender agreement: a response to Wiemers et al. (2018)

Author

Axel Hausmann, Ian J. Kitching, Hossein Rajaei, Matthias Nuss, Jürgen Rodeland, Ole Karsholt, Peter Huemer, Rodolphe Rougerie, Jeremy D. Holloway, Erwin Rennland, Manfred Sommerer, Malcolm J. Scoble, Gregory R. Pohl, Erik J. van Nieukerken, Sergey Sinev, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Zoologische Staatssammlung München, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Innsbruck, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), and Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (SNSB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insecta, Arthropoda, none, media_common.quotation_subject, 010607 zoology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Genealogy, Agreement, Lepidoptera, Lepidoptera genitalia, lcsh:Biology (General), Insect Science, Animalia, Animal Science and Zoology, Nomenclature, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, media_common
Abstract

International audience; In a recent paper in ZooKeys, Wiemers et al. (2018) provided an updated list of European butterfly names. In this list the authors follow gender agreement for species names, when interpreted as adjectival in derivation, in contrast to the common practice among most lepidopterists. Here we comment on this aspect of the paper, and voice our concern that this reversal does not benefit the stability of Lepidoptera names and is, indeed, inimical to their stability.Modern zoological science needs the communities of taxonomists and users to agree on the names that are used to communicate information about the taxa we study and cherish. In this age, such collegiate acceptance is more important than ever, given that the number of users of scientific names has increased enormously. Agreement is particularly important when considering the numerous online databases, observation sites, Wikipedia, etc. Several global and local initiatives over the last several decades have begun to compile authoritative lists of taxonomic names to serve the community and build towards a greater stability, including Species 2000 / Catalogue of Life (Roskov et al. 2018; Roskov et al. 2019), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF Secretariat 2019) and Fauna Europaea (de Jong et al. 2014; Fauna Europaea 2017).Unfortunately, the current (and likely future) funding situation for most of these projects is poor, to say the least, and populating these databases relies heavily on a diminishing number of taxonomists, who rarely receive recognition for their work. The Fauna Europaea database, which is of special importance as Europe’s main zoological taxonomic index, has suffered particularly, being an EU-supported project that was only funded by the European Commission between 2000 and 2004. Subsequently, updating was carried out at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam (de Jong et al. 2014), first under the umbrella of the PESI project (PESI 2011; de Jong et al. 2015), then later without funding, until the Amsterdam museum was merged with Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden in 2011. Since then, the Fauna Europaea database has been run by the Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany. Recently, however, updating has come to a stand-still, very much to the frustration both of taxonomists who wish to update their lists and of users who need an up-to-date and authoritative nomenclature.Given these circumstances, we enthusiastically applaud the initiative that several specialists of European butterflies have taken separately to publish an update for butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea) in an open access journal, to produce a new list for the use of the scientific community (Wiemers et al. 2018).

Published
2019

39. Les communautés d'Arthropodes dans les sporophores de champignons sont faiblement structurés par le climat et la biogéographie dans les hêtraies européennes

Author

Heinz Bussler, Sebastian Seibold, Simon Thorn, Thibault Lachat, Al Vrezec, Roland Brandl, Christophe Bouget, Kris Vandekerkhove, Kostadin B. Georgiev, Ulrich Mergner, Elodie Magnanou, Jörg Müller, Martin Mikoláš, Claus Bässler, Martin Brändle, R. Gil, Martin M. Gossner, Gunnar Isacsson, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Thomas Wagner, Miroslav Svoboda, Livia Zapponi, Maria-Barbara Winter, Anton Krištín, Jürgen Schmidl, Alexander Maringer, Antoine Brin, Laurent Larrieu, Nicolas Friess, Lars Opgenoorth, Pablo Aramendi, PHILIPPS UNIVERSITAT MARBURG DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), BAVARIAN FOREST NATIONAL PARK GRAFENAU DEU, Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, UNIVERSITY OF WROCLAW POL, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), SWEDISH FOREST AGENCY HASSLEHOLM SWE, INSTITUTE OF FOREST ECOLOGY SAS ZVOLEN SVK, BERN UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES ZOLLIKOFEN CHE, Centre régional de la propriété forestière du Languedoc-Roussillon (crpf), Centre régional de la propriété forestière du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GESAUSE NATIONAL PARK ADMONT AUT, FOREST COMPANY EBRACH DEU, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG ERLANGEN DEU, UNIVERSITY OF WURZBURG DEU, INBO RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURE AND FORESTS GERAARDSBERGEN BEL, National Institute of Biology [Ljubljana] (NIB), UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU DEU, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BADEN WURTTEMBERG FREIBURG DEU, CENTRO NAZIONALE PER LO STUDIO E LA CONSERVAZIONE DELLA BIODIVERSITA FORESTALE BOSCO FONTANA MARMIROLO ITA, and TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT MUNCHEN FREISING DEU

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, saproxylic, restoration, Sporocarp (ferns), Fomes fomentarius, Fagus sylvatica, Biogeography, INSECTS, Dead wood, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INVERTEBRATES, CHAMPIGNON, FAGUS SYLVATICA, FOMES FOMENTARIUS, insects, Beech, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, RESTORATION, Invertebrate, dead wood, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, invertebrates, ddc, SPOROCARP, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SAPROXYLIC, sporocarp, Arthropod, DEAD WOOD
Abstract

International audience; Aim: The tinder fungus Fomes fomentarius is a pivotal wood decomposer in European beech Fagus sylvatica forests. The fungus, however, has regionally declined due to centuries of logging. To unravel biogeographical drivers of arthropod communities associated with this fungus, we investigated how space, climate and habitat amount structure alpha and beta diversity of arthropod communities in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius. Location: Temperate zone of Europe. Taxon: Arthropods. Methods: We reared arthropods from fruitbodies sampled from 61 sites throughout the range of European beech and identified 13 orders taxonomically or by metabarcoding. We estimated the total number of species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius in European beech forests using the Chao2 estimator and determined the relative importance of space, climate and habitat amount by hierarchical partitioning for alpha diversity and generalized dissimilarity models for beta diversity. A subset of fungi samples was sequenced for identification of the fungus' genetic structure. Results: The total number of arthropod species occurring in fruitbodies of F. fomentarius across European beech forests was estimated to be 600. Alpha diversity increased with increasing fruitbody biomass; it decreased with increasing longitude, temperature and latitude. Beta diversity was mainly composed by turnover. Patterns of beta diversity were only weakly linked to space and the overall explanatory power was low. We could distinguish two genotypes of F. fomentarius, which showed no spatial structuring. Main conclusion: Fomes fomentarius hosts a large number of arthropods in European beech forests. The low biogeographical and climatic structure of the communities suggests that fruitbodies represent a habitat that offers similar conditions across large gradients of climate and space, but are characterized by high local variability in community composition and colonized by species with high dispersal ability. For European beech forests, retention of trees with F. fomentarius and promoting its recolonization where it had declined seems a promising conservation strategy.

Published
2019

40. Palaeogenomic insights into the origins of French grapevine diversity

Author

Anne Kathrine W. Runge, Roberto Bacilieri, Jasmin Ramos-Madrigal, Thierry Lacombe, Bent O. Petersen, Nathan Wales, Caroline Schaal, Thomas M. P. Gilbert, Isabel Figueiral, Patrice This, José M. Martínez-Zapater, Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon, Charlotte Hallavant, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Reinhard Töpfer, Laurent Bouby, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), BioArch, Department f Archeology, University of York, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Montpellier (UM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COMUE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR5608 (pôle Terrae) Bureau d’études Hadès, laboratoire TRACES, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC-UR-Gobierno de La Rioja), Universidad de la Rioja, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, NTNU University Museum [Trondheim], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-PLANT-KBBE-2008 GrapeReSeq, ANR-16-CE27-0013,VINICULTURE,Vignes et vins en France du Néolithique au Moyen Age. Approche intégrée en archéosciences(2016), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, UMR 6249 GéoArchEon Sarl, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche Comté (UFC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE27-0013 VINICULTURE, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), University of California (UC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Danish Council for Independent Research, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Crops, Agricultural, Vegetative reproduction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wine, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Middle Ages, Vitis, Cultivar, History, Ancient, Taxonomy, Winemaking, 2. Zero hunger, Genetic diversity, Diversity, Ecology, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, humanities, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Archaeology, Iron Age, Vitis vinifera, Seeds, Grapevine, France, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The Eurasian grapevine (Vitis vinifera) has long been important for wine production as well as being a food source. Despite being clonally propagated, modern cultivars exhibit great morphological and genetic diversity, with thousands of varieties described in historic and contemporaneous records. Through historical accounts, some varieties can be traced to the Middle Ages, but the genetic relationships between ancient and modern vines remain unknown. We present target-enriched genome-wide sequencing data from 28 archaeological grape seeds dating to the Iron Age, Roman era and medieval period. When compared with domesticated and wild accessions, we found that the archaeological samples were closely related to western European cultivars used for winemaking today. We identified seeds with identical genetic signatures present at different Roman sites, as well as seeds sharing parent–offspring relationships with varieties grown today. Furthermore, we discovered that one seed dated to ~1100 CE was a genetic match to ‘Savagnin Blanc’, providing evidence for 900 years of uninterrupted vegetative propagation., This project was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research (10–081390) and the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94). L.B. and R.B. were supported by the French National Agency of Research (VINICULTURE project—ANR-16-CE27–0013).

Published
2019

41. Exceptionally high delta N-15 values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level carnivores

Author

Jean-Jacques Hublin, William Rendu, Sahra Talamo, Michael P. Richards, Marie Soressi, Frido Welker, Klervia Jaouen, Adeline Le Cabec, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Faculty of Archaeology, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Jaouen, Klervia, Richards, Michael P., Le Cabec, Adeline, Welker, Frido, Rendu, William, Hublin, Jean-Jacque, Soressi, Marie, and Talamo, Sahra

Subjects
compound-specific isotope analyses, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Zoology, stable isotopes, 15 N, Diet, radiocarbon dating, 01 natural sciences, Paleolithic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, biology, Stable isotope ratio, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], 010401 analytical chemistry, δ15N, biology.organism_classification, Isotopes of nitrogen, 0104 chemical sciences, late Neanderthals, Freshwater fish, Upper Paleolithic, Mammal, diet
Abstract

Identifying past hominin diets is a key to understanding adaptation and biological evolution. Bone collagen isotope studies have added much to the discussion of Neandertal subsistence strategies, providing direct measures of diet. Neandertals consistently show very elevated nitrogen isotope values. These values have been seen as the signature of a top-level carnivore diet, but this interpretation was recently challenged by a number of additional theories. We here apply compound-specific isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen single amino acids of two Neandertals. These Neandertals had the highest nitrogen isotope ratios of bulk collagen measured so far, and our study confirms that these values can be most parsimoniously explained by a carnivorous diet.Isotope and archeological analyses of Paleolithic food webs have suggested that Neandertal subsistence relied mainly on the consumption of large herbivores. This conclusion was primarily based on elevated nitrogen isotope ratios in Neandertal bone collagen and has been significantly debated. This discussion relies on the observation that similar high nitrogen isotopes values could also be the result of the consumption of mammoths, young animals, putrid meat, cooked food, freshwater fish, carnivores, or mushrooms. Recently, compound-specific C and N isotope analyses of bone collagen amino acids have been demonstrated to add significantly more information about trophic levels and aquatic food consumption. We undertook single amino acid C and N isotope analysis on two Neandertals, which were characterized by exceptionally high N isotope ratios in their bulk bone or tooth collagen. We report here both C and N isotope ratios on single amino acids of collagen samples for these two Neandertals and associated fauna. The samples come from two sites dating to the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition period (Les Cottés and Grotte du Renne, France). Our results reinforce the interpretation of Neandertal dietary adaptations as successful top-level carnivores, even after the arrival of modern humans in Europe. They also demonstrate that high δ15N values of bone collagen can solely be explained by mammal meat consumption, as supported by archeological and zooarcheological evidence, without necessarily invoking explanations including the processing of food (cooking, fermenting), the consumption of mammoths or young mammals, or additional (freshwater fish, mushrooms) dietary protein sources.

Published
2019

42. Bony pseudoteeth of extinct pelagic birds (Aves, Odontopterygiformes) formed through a response of bone cells to tooth-specific epithelial signals under unique conditions

Author

Louchart, Antoine, Buffrénil, Vivian De, Bourdon, Estelle, Dumont, Maitena, Viriot, Laurent, Sire, Jean-Yves, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Section of Biosystematics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Evolution et développement du squelette (EDS), Evolution Paris-Seine, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
Odontoblasts, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Extinction, Biological, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Biological Evolution, Epithelium, Article, Birds, Jaw, stomatognathic system, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Medicine, Animals, Odontogenesis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Tooth, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, Signal Transduction
Abstract

International audience; Modern birds (crown group birds, called Neornithes) are toothless; however, the extinct neornithine Odontopterygiformes possessed bone excrescences (pseudoteeth) which resembled teeth, distributed sequentially by size along jaws. The origin of pseudoteeth is enigmatic, but based on recent evidence, including microanatomical and histological analyses, we propose that conserved odontogenetic pathways most probably regulated the development of pseudodentition. The delayed pseudoteeth growth and epithelium keratinization allowed for the existence of a temporal window during which competent osteoblasts could respond to oral epithelial signaling, in place of the no longer present odontoblasts; thus, bony pseudoteeth developed instead of true teeth. Dynamic morphogenetic fields can explain the particular, sequential size distribution of pseudoteeth along the jaws of these birds. Hence, this appears as a new kind of deep homology, by which ancient odontogenetic developmental processes would have controlled the evolution of pseudodentition, structurally different from a true dentition, but morphologically and functionally similar.

Published
2018

43. Identification of a meteoritic component using chromium isotopic composition of impact rocks from the Lonar impact structure, India

Author

Bérengère Mougel, D. Wielandt, Frédéric Moynier, Martin Bizzarro, Christian Koeberl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Inst Univ France, 1 Rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris 05, France, Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Nat Hist Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, Centre for Star and Planet Formation [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
TERRESTRIAL, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, SYSTEMATICS, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chromium, CRATER, Impact structure, PETROGRAPHY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Component (thermodynamics), KeyWords Plus:TARGET ROCKS, Isotopic composition, PROJECTILES, INSIGHTS, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], GLASSES, Identification (biology), MELT ROCKS, GEOCHEMISTRY, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The existence of mass-independent chromium isotope variability of nucleosynthetic origin in meteorites and their components provides a means to investigate potential genetic relationship between meteorites and planetary bodies. Moreover, chromium abundances are depleted in most surficial terrestrial rocks relative to chondrites such that Cr isotopes are a powerful tool to detect the contribution of various types of extra-terrestrial material in terrestrial impactites. This approach can thus be used to constrain the nature of the bolide resulting in breccia and melt rocks in terrestrial impact structures. Here, we report the Cr isotope composition of impact rocks from the ~0.57 Ma Lonar crater (India), which is the best-preserved impact structure excavated in basaltic target rocks. Results confirm the presence of a chondritic component in several bulk rock samples of up to 3%. The impactor that created the Lonar crater had a composition that was most likely similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites, possibly a CM-type chondrite.

Published
2018

44. New national and regional bryophyte records, 48

Author

Marko Sabovljevic, M. Lüth, Michał Węgrzyn, Antun Alegro, Vladimir E. Fedosov, N. Nikolić, Reesa Gupta, K. Damsholt, E. L. dos Santos, Denilson Fernandes Peralta, R. Rios, E. Fuertes, José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues, S. Poponessi, Dimas Marchi do Carmo, Tomas Hallingbäck, Cecília Sérgio, Aneta Sabovljevic, Vadim A. Bakalin, Ángel Benítez, Catherine Reeb, Ivan Parnikoza, Dániel Kovács, V. M. Virchenko, S. R. Gradstein, Vedran Šegota, Yu. S. Mamontov, S. Ştefănuţ, J. A. W. Nieuwkoop, Ashish Kumar Asthana, William R. Buck, N. J. M. Gremmen, Beata Cykowska-Marzencka, Michele Aleffi, Leonard T. Ellis, Alexey D. Potemkin, Thomas Kiebacher, Marcin Nobis, F. Osorio, Dragica Purger, Vítězslav Plášek, Peter Erzberger, Nadezhda A. Konstantinova, Roberto Venanzoni, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra, M. Lebouvier, Z. Skoupá, Juan Larraín, D. Stončius, C. Cacciatoro, Eugene A. Borovichev, Johannes Enroth, Felisa Puche, Paulina Wietrzyk, Cs. Németh, V. J. Singh, János Csiky, E. Rodriguez-Quiel, C. Arrocha, Judit Deme, Anna A. Vilnet, I. Jukonienė, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), University of Zagreb, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Botanical Garden Institute, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden Institute, Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), University of Pecs, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Helsinki, Freie Universität Berlin, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Universidade dos Açores, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Data Analyse Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Botany Lithuania, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Komarov Bot Inst, Szent Istvan University, Botanical Garden Soroksar, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Instituto de Botânica, Faculty of Sciences (Ostrava, Czech Republic), Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Dept Appl Biol, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Universidad de Valencia, Universitat de València (UV), Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Dicranum scoparium, Antarctic Iles-Kerguelen, Population, South-Shetland-islands, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Andreaea rothii F.Weber & D.Mohr subsp. rothii, 03 medical and health sciences, Fagus sylvatica, Botany, Scree, education, Beech, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, annotated checklist, biology, grimmiaceae, 15. Life on land, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Moss, taxonomic revision, moss genus, Geography, heard Island, Quercus petraea, Bryophyte, sp-nov, New-Zealand, red-list, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Andreaea rothii has been recorded for the first time in Croatia. It is a boreo-temperate suboceanic species (Hill et al., 2007) relatively rare in SE Europe, since it is known only from Romania (Ellis et al., 2014d), Slovenia and Serbia (Sabovljevic´ et al., 2008 ; Hodgetts, 2015). The species was found in the Papuk Mountains, situated in the mainly lowland area of NE Croatia. In this region Papuk is the largest and highest mountain range, with peaks between 800 and 900 m a.s.l. They are characterized by high geological diversity dominated by metamorphic rocks, such as different types of schists, as well as granites. The climate is temperate, moderately warm without an explicit dry period. About 60% of the almost totally forested area is covered by different communities of beech forests. The well-developed black patches of A. rothii cover an area ca 2 m× 0.5 m on a steep north-facing cliff on the edge of an acidothermophilic sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg.) forest. The specimens of A. rothii grew on the bare rock with the following bryophyte species: Cynodontium polycarpon (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp., Dicranum scoparium Hedw., Polytrichum piliferum Schreb. ex Hedw. and Rhabdoweisia (cf.) fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. The population is very small with an extremely high risk of extinction, therefore we propose CR as Red List status for the taxon in Croatia. According to the last checklist of the moss flora of Croatia (Sabovljevic´, 2006), only Andreaea rupestris Hedw., collected from just one locality in 1927 (Horvat, 1932 and ZA), was reported for the genus. The locality is very interesting from the point of view of the vegetation of Croatia, because it is within 100 m of the second stand of Fagus sylvatica L.-Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. forest (Alegro et al., 2015). The second occurrence of Dicranum spurium Hedw. (Ellis et al., 2014d) and Rhabdoweisia fugax (Papp et al., 2013) in Croatia are also found here. Another interesting moss is S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., that forms small red patches within the thick carpets of S. quinquefarium under the open oulder scree forest in the neighbourhood.

Published
2016

45. Dating and Tracing the Origin of Enstatite Chondrite Chondrules with Cr Isotopes

Author

Martin Schiller, Frédéric Moynier, Martin Bizzarro, Ke Zhu, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Globe Inst, Oster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark, and UnivEarthS Labex program at University of Paris Danmarks GrundforskningsfondDNRF97European Research Council (ERC)616027-Stardust2Asteroids637503-PristineIPGP multidisciplinary program PARI Paris-IdF region SESAME 12015908China Scholarship Council201706340161

Subjects
Geochemistry, Tracing, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Author Keywords:Astrochemistry, Cr isotopes, Isotopic abundances, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Chondrule, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Meteoroids, Cosmochemistry, Chondrules, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Enstatite, engineering, Cosmochronology, Chondrites, Nucleosynthesis, Solar system
Abstract

International audience; Chondrules are major components of chondrites and are believed to drive the accretion of planetary embryos. As such, constraining the timing and origin of chondrules is central for understanding the early evolution of the solar system and the formation of planets. Enstatite chondrites (ECs) have isotope compositions for multiple elements that match that of the Earth and, thus, are considered to be good analogs of the precursor material from which the Earth formed. Here, we report the first high-precision mass-independent Cr isotope data of nine chondrules in one of the least-altered EH chondrites, Sahara 97096. Seven primitive chondrules show typical Cr-54/Cr-52 ratios of bulk ECs, whereas two chondrules have ratios similar to carbonaceous chondrites. The presence of two chondrules with a carbonaceous chondrite signature suggests early inward transport of material to the EC accretion region. The Mn/Cr ratios of the EC-like chondrules (except one with high Fe content) correlate with their Cr-53/Cr-52 isotope ratios, which we interpret as a fossil isochron, with a slope corresponding to a Mn-53/Mn-55 initial ratio of (5.01 0.59) x 10(-6) (2 sigma). When anchored to the D'Orbigny angrite, this Mn-53/Mn-55 ratio returns an absolute age of 4565.7 0.7 Ma for EC chondrule formation (precursor age), 1.6 0.7 Ma after solar system formation. This protracted formation of EC chondrules may suggest that the mass transfer of outer solar system material started prior to the end of planetary embryo accretion, as chondrules could represent the main building blocks of terrestrial planets.

Published
2020

46. Middle Eocene vertebrates from the sabkha of Gueran, Atlantic coastal basin, Saharan Morocco, and their peri-African correlations

Author

Samir Zouhri, Philip Gingerich, Sylvain Adnet, Estelle Bourdon, Stéphane Jouve, Bouziane Khalloufi, Ayoub Amane, Najia Elboudali, Jean-Claude Rage, France De Lapparent De Broin, Abdelhadi Kaoukaya, Samira Sebti, laboratoire de geosciences, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Section of Biosystematics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Ecology, Fauna, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Genus, Carcharhiniformes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Lamniformes, 14. Life underwater, Pelagornithidae, Cheloniidae, Dermochelyidae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pelagornis
Abstract

The sabkha of Gueran in the Southwest Moroccan Sahara has yielded a rich and diverse fauna of late middle Eocene vertebrates that include the world's richest Bartonian age archaeocete assemblage. Archeocete remains were described previously and here we report on the rest of the vertebrate fauna. The Gueran fauna includes abundant chondrichthyan species belonging to Lamniformes, Carcharhiniformes and Rhinopristiformes, and actinopterygian assemblage consisting of Cylindracanthus, of a siluriform, and of Perciformes. Turtles are represented by at least two marine taxa referred to as Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae. Crocodylian remains belong to at least two longirostrine species, including gavialoid remains. Snakes are represented by Pterosphenus cf. schweinfurthi (Palaeophiidae). Seabirds are represented by a pseudo-toothed bird (Pelagornithidae). The avian fossil belonged to a gigantic soaring bird and constitutes the earliest occurrence of the genus Pelagornis. The presence of proboscideans is attested by dental fragments. This fossil assemblage from Gueran shows affinities with those of the Eocene beds of Egypt and Libya. The numerous shared taxa support a close biogeographical connection between faunas from southeastern and southwestern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.

Published
2018

47. Evidence for extremely rapid magma ocean crystallization and crust formation on Mars

Author

Arnaud Agranier, Jeremy J. Bellucci, Laura C. Bouvier, D. Wielandt, Michael Storey, Martin J. Whitehouse, Martin Bizzarro, Frédéric Moynier, Bleuenn Gueguen, Joshua F. Snape, James N. Connelly, Maria Schönbächler, Alexander A. Nemchin, Ninna K. Jensen, M. M. Costa, Geology and Geochemistry, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Geol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Stockholm, Sweden, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Danmarks GrundforskningsfondDNRF97European Research Council (ERC)616027, European Project: 616027,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,STARDUST2ASTEROIDS(2014), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Star & Planet Format, Copenhagen, Denmark, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Univ Copenhagen, Quadlab, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Univ Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6538, Lab Geosci Ocean, Occidentale & Inst Univ Europeen Mer, Pl Nicolas Copern, F-29280 Plouzane, France

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, HAFNIUM ISOTOPES, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, CONTINENTAL-CRUST, DETRITAL ZIRCONS, MARTIAN CRUST, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, MC-ICP-MS, LU-HF, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Martian, Basalt, Multidisciplinary, Andesite, Crust, Geokemi, PROTOPLANETARY DISK, EVOLUTION, Igneous rock, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Plus:HF-ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS, Primitive mantle, Geology, Planetary differentiation, PB, Zircon
Abstract

International audience; The formation of a primordial crust is a critical step in the evolution of terrestrial planets but the timing of this process is poorly understood. The mineral zircon is a powerful tool for constraining crust formation because it can be accurately dated with the uraniumto- lead (U-Pb) isotopic decay system and is resistant to subsequent alteration. Moreover, given the high concentration of hafnium in zircon, the lutetium-to-hafnium (Lu-176-Hf-176) isotopic decay system can be used to determine the nature and formation timescale of its source reservoir(1-3). Ancient igneous zircons with crystallization ages of around 4,430 million years (Myr) have been reported in Martian meteorites that are believed to represent regolith breccias from the southern highlands of Mars(4,5). These zircons are present in evolved lithologies interpreted to reflect re-melted primary Martian crust(4), thereby potentially providing insight into early crustal evolution on Mars. Here, we report concomitant high-precision U-Pb ages and Hf-isotope compositions of ancient zircons from the NWA 7034 Martian regolith breccia. Seven zircons with mostly concordant U-Pb ages define Pb-207/Pb-206 dates ranging from 4,476.3 +/- 0.9 Myr ago to 4,429.7 +/- 1.0 Myr ago, including the oldest directly dated material from Mars. All zircons record unradiogenic initial Hf-isotope compositions inherited from an enriched, andesitic-like crust extracted from a primitive mantle no later than 4,547 Myr ago. Thus, a primordial crust existed on Mars by this time and survived for around 100 Myr before it was reworked, possibly by impacts(4,5), to produce magmas from which the zircons crystallized. Given that formation of a stable primordial crust is the end product of planetary differentiation, our data require that the accretion, core formation and magma ocean crystallization on Mars were completed less than 20 Myr after the formation of the Solar System. These timescales support models that suggest extremely rapid magma ocean crystallization leading to a gravitationally unstable stratified mantle, which subsequently overturns, resulting in decompression melting of rising cumulates and production of a primordial basaltic to andesitic crust(6,7).

Published
2018

48. Comprehensive inventory of true flies (Diptera) at a tropical site

Author

Tiffany Yau, Alessandra Rung, Sergio Ibáñez-Bernal, Carl W. Dick, Brian V. Brown, Jeffrey H. Skevington, Gunnar Mikalsen Kvifte, John O. Stireman, Terry L. Whitworth, Eric Fisher, Stephen A. Marshall, F. Christian Thompson, Bradley J. Sinclair, Maria Wong, Owen Lonsdale, Renato S. Capellari, Dalton de Souza Amorim, Terry A. Wheeler, Cheslavo A. Korytkowski, S. M. Paiero, John Swann, Marc Pollet, Alessandre Pereira-Colavite, Greg Curler, Thomas J. Zavortink, Vera Cristina Silva, Justin B. Runyon, David A. Grimaldi, Pekka Vilkamaa, Wayne N. Mathis, Peter H. Kerr, John M. Hash, Mathias Jaschhof, John F. Burger, Daniel N. R. Costa, Jeffrey M. Cumming, Daniel J. Bickel, Norman E. Woodley, Stephen D. Gaimari, Stefan Naglis, Art Borkent, Allen L. Norrbom, Jade Savage, John H. Epler, D. Monty Wood, Elena P. Kameneva, M. A. Zumbado, Thomas Pape, Z. L. Burington, Scott E. Brooks, Kevin N. Barber, Sabrina Rochefort, Peter H. Adler, Martin Hauser, Giar-Ann Kung, Verner Michelsen, Heikki Hippa, Stéphanie Boucher, V. A. Korneyev, Jon K. Gelhaus, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, Clemson University, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Natural Resources Canada, Australian Museum, Macdonald Campus, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, University of New Hampshire, Wright State University, Distrito Industrial II, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Mississippi State University, Western Kentucky University, Field Museum of Natural History, Independent Investigator, California State Collection of Arthropods, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, American Museum of Natural History, Riverside, University of Turku, Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Station Linné, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Universidad de Panama, University of Bergen, University of Guelph, Smithsonian Institution, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Zurich, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Ghent University, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Bishop’s University, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), OPL-Entomology, University of Calgary, University of Helsinki, Washington State University, University of California, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology, and Pekka Vilkamaa / Principal Investigator

Subjects
B320-zoogeography, 0106 biological sciences, assessment, KEROPLATIDAE, Fauna, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, Medicine (miscellaneous), FUNGUS GNATS, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH301-705.5, insects (Insecta), Ecology, PHORIDAE, Sampling (statistics), Neotropic, Insects, true flies (2-winged flies) (Diptera), Geography, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, B320-taxonomy, samping methodology, DIADOCIDIIDAE, education, 010607 zoology, Sample (statistics), New World (North, Central and South America), 010603 evolutionary biology, CLASSIFICATION, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, B280-animal-ecology, biodiversity policy, Cloud forest, ARTHROPODS, Biology and Life Sciences, Tropics, 15. Life on land, DITOMYIIDAE, Taxon, lcsh:Biology (General), BOLITOPHILIDAE, identification, BIODIVERSITY, Diversity (business)
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Estimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling. Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Poole Agricultural Center Clemson University, 130 McGinty Court, E-143 Depto. de Biologia FFCLRP Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E. Australian Museum, 1 William Street Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Canadian National Collection of Insects Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Spaulding Hall University of New Hampshire Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberaba. Rua João Batista Ribeiro 4000 Distrito Industrial II Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Jardim das Américas Mississippi Entomological Museum Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P.O. Drawer 9775 Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Independent Investigator California State Collection of Arthropods, 2683 Tam O’ Shanter Dr., El Dorado Hills California Department of Food and Agriculture California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St. Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Zoological Museum Biodiversity Unit FI-20014 University of Turku Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15 Universidad de Panama Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA ARS c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 37012 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, s/n Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC) Ghent University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35 Entomology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency OPL-Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave. Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Finnish Museum of Natural History Zoology Unit University of Helsinki Washington State University, 2533 Inter Avenue Bohart Museum of Entomology University of California, One Shields Avenue Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Published
2018

49. New fossil fish microremains from the Upper Carboniferous of eastern North Greenland

Author

Lars Stemmerik, Gilles Cuny, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Lyon 1, Depot 2, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Greenland, Geology, sharks, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Moscovian, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Fishery, Carboniferous, Geography, euchondrocephals, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], %22">Fish , 14. Life underwater, Foldedal Formation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Moscovian of eastern North Greenland has yielded an assemblage dominated by teeth and dermal denticles of chondrichthyans with rarer teeth of actinopterygians. The rather poor preservation of the material precludes precise identification but the following taxa have been recorded: Adamantina foliacea, Bransonella spp., Denaea sp., \textquotedblleftStemmatias\textquotedblright simplex, Lagarodus specularis, Actinopterygii indet., as well as teeth probably belonging to new genera of Heslerodidae, ?Protacrodontidae and Hybodontiformes. This fauna appears therefore quite endemic. The abundance of Bransonella and durophagous chondrichthyans is in accordance with the shallow marine depositional environment. The record of a ?protacrodontid is possibly the youngest one for this taxon.

Published
2018

50. Evaluating the robustness of a consensus 238U/235U value for U-Pb geochronology

Author

James N. Connelly, Frédéric Moynier, Bettina D. Livermore, Martin Bizzarro, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation 12-125692Danmarks GrundforskningsfondDNRF97European Research Council (ERC)616027-Stardust2Asteroids, European Project: 616027,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-CoG,STARDUST2ASTEROIDS(2014), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Zircon, U-Pb geochronology, Mineral, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotopes of uranium, Continental crust, Geochemistry, Recommended value, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic composition, Geochemistry and Petrology, Abundance (ecology), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochronology, Value (mathematics), Geology, Uranium isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; U-Pb geochronology requires knowledge of a precise and accurate value for the 238 U/ 235 U ratio of any mineral or material being dated by this method. It is now well established that the long-accepted value of 137.88 is not representative of most terrestrial materials and that the ratio is variant both between and within samples. As most samples used for chronology have insufficient amounts of U to determine a precise isotopic composition, the U-Pb geochronology community has informally adopted the recommended value of 137.818 ± 0.045 based on a single data set of 44 zircons by Hiess et al. (2012). To evaluate the robustness of this value and the true range of U isotopic compositions in U-bearing minerals, we have measured the U isotopic composition of 28 bulk zircon samples as well as several co-existing accessory minerals from rocks with a wide range of ages and geographical distributions. The 238 U/ 235 U ratio of 137.817 ± 0.031 represents the mid-point value of our data with an uncertainty that includes all 28 zircon populations analyzed and their respective uncertainties. This value is indistinguishable from the previously recommended value but with a smaller uncertainty that may reflect the refined analytical methods employed in our study. This result provides confidence to the U-Pb geochronology community that the value recommended by Hiess et al. (2012) is appropriate and that their stated uncertainty appears to be conservative. We find variability in the 238 U/ 235 U ratio of coexisting phases within single samples of up to 2.9 e-units (parts per 10,000). In addition, our range of U isotopic compositions for zircon is heavier than that reported for bulk continental crust in general and most granitoid intrusive rocks specifically. We attribute these observations to differences in the coordination environment of U in zircon and other U-bearing phases. With the amount of zircon formed in magmatic systems limited by the abundance of Zr, we estimate that the majority of U in granitoid rocks must reside in other phases with a bulk isotopic composition that represents a lighter complement to that of zircon.

Published
2018

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