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Introduces a series of articles on France. Implementation of the 35-hour workweek; Co-existence between rightwing French President Jacques Chirac and leftwing Prime Minister Lionel Jospin; Emergence of Vivendi Universal SA, the French-American entertainment conglomerate.

Considers the political implications of the defeat of center-left electorals or socialist groups in Europe. Reasons behind the decline in the social-democratic politics' popularity; Factors that contributed to the success of the center-left group in Great Britain.

Purpose: To assess the refractive predictability of the Carlevale sutureless scleral fixation intraocular lens (IOL) (Sole-ko IOL Division) power calculation., Methods: This retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series included patients without a capsular support having undergone sutureless scleral fixation IOL implantation in two French hospitals between October 2019 and April 2022. IOL calculation was performed with the Barrett Universal II, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas with constant optimization to achieve a mean arithmetic prediction error equal to zero. The main outcomes were prediction error (PE) and its standard deviation (SD-PE), the median absolute error (MedAE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the percentage of eyes with PE within ±0.50, ±1.00 and ±2.00 diopters (D) 6 months after surgery., Results: Thirty eyes of 30 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 66.6 years, the mean axial length was 24.31 mm, and the mean keratometry was 43.07 D. SDPE ranged from 0.73 to 0.87 D depending on the formula. MedAE ranged from 0.38 to 0.61 D, and MAE from 0.52 to 0.68 D. Between 46.7% and 56.7% of eyes were within ±0.50 D, 76.7% and 90.0% were within ±1.00 D, and 96.7% were within ±2.00 D of target equivalent. No statistically significant difference was observed between the four formulas for any outcomes., Conclusions: This study confirmed that the design of the Carlevale sutureless scleral fixation IOL provides satisfactory refractive results. [ J Refract Surg . 2024;40(8):e527-e532.] .

Introduction: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the most common cause of dry eye syndrome. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined intense pulsed light (IPL) and low-level light therapy (LLLT) in symptomatic MGD., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 30 patients with MGD causing dry eye symptoms not relieved by medical therapy and managed with combined IPL and LLLT. The primary endpoint was the Ocular Score Disease Index (OSDI) score at 1 month and 1 year. Secondary endpoints were visual acuity, intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, Schirmer's test, Oxford score, and infrared meibographic score at 1 month after the conclusion of treatment., Results: The mean OSDI score decreased from 43±19 to 17±12 (1 month; p<0.0001) and then to 29±11 (12 months; p=0.013); 63% of patients were meibographic grade 2 before versus 7% after treatment (range, 1-4) (p=0.009); 75% of patients were Oxford grade 1 before versus 41% after treatment (p=0.004) (range, 1-3). No significant difference in the other secondary endpoints was noted., Conclusion: Over time, IPL therapy in combination with LLLT appears to improve patients with symptomatic MGD resistant to medical therapy., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)