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Humans have been dependent on nature for various vital supplies and resources for a long time. Most biotechnological and pharmacological industries use chemicals and active compounds to treat diseases or make medications isolated from natural resources. A variety of plants have been explored for research of which Vitex negundo and Ficus carica are also examples as they are strong candidates for their potential antioxidant properties. In the current research, the anti-oxidant activities of V. negundo and F. carica leaf extracts were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of selected plants were analyzed using DPPH and FRAP assay. The results obtained from the DPPH assay indicated that methanolic extracts of V. negundo showed the highest inhibition of 90.07±1.17 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 415.98 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (64.05±0.89 and 54.39±0.99 percent, respectively) with IC50 value of 751.96 µg/ml and 896.55 µg/ml when compared to F. carica extracts which showed highest inhibition of 75.75±1.08 percent at 1000 µl with IC50 value of 475 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (51.94±0.79 and 44.21±0.60 percent respectively) with IC50 value of 967.51 µg/ml and 1092.48 µg/ml. On comparing both plants, FRAP results indicated that methanol extracts of V. negundo showed the highest FRAP value (1042.1±0.98 µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 996.6±1.25 µM and 949.6±1.63 µM at 1000 µl whereas F. carica showed highest FRAP value (995.6±1.35µM) followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, which shows 987.6±1.05µM and 447.6±1.01µM at 1000 µl. The results of the study can be concluded that among the tested extracts, the best antioxidant potential was exhibited with V. negundo leaf extracts, especially in methanol extracts.

The importance of non-Newtonian fluid (Casson fluid) in industry is increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about the flow rheology of Casson fluid flowing over a Riga plate. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the nature of entropy generation (EG) and heat transfer (HT) on Casson hybrid nanofluid flow past a Riga plate by considering the influences of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The Hamilton–Crosser (Model 1) and Xue model (Model 2) of thermal conductivity are incorporated for Casson hybrid nanofluid. The governing equations are solved by numerical methods i.e., bvp4c and shooting techniques. In the current framework, the comparative patterns for both models of temperature, velocities, EG and Bejan number are depicted due to the existing parameters. The domain of the pertinent parameters is taken as thermal radiation, [Formula: see text]; stretching parameter, [Formula: see text]; Casson factor, [Formula: see text]; rotation parameter, [Formula: see text]and Hartmann number, [Formula: see text]. The outcomes show that the rise in volume fraction and thermal conductivity profile of Xue model (Model 2) is better than Hamilton–Crosser model (Model 1). Moreover, EG profiles are escalated with augmentation in values of Hartmann number and stretching parameter for both models. The results of the study are useful for predicting the rheology of right fluid, while it also assists in safeguarding the boundary layer (BL) separation, along with establishing a parallel force to the surface in assisting the domain of science and technology.

The flow due to stretching sheet has key role in many engineering fields such as making rubber sheets and plastic, wire drawing, glass-fiber manufacture and hot rolling etc. The Sisko fluid has its significant role in drilling fluids, blood, cement slurry, liquid polymers, paint and mud, synovial fluid and water-borne coating. Here, we examined the magnetic Sisko fluid flow via stretching sheet with convective conditions using Buongiorno’s model and flow problem occurring due to homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. Influence of pertinent flow parameters viz. magnetic field, material index, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian diffusivity, Lewis number, ratio of diffusion coefficient, strength of homogeneous reaction, strength of heterogeneous reaction and Biot number are revealed by graphs for both shear thinning (n < 1) and shear thickening (n > 1) cases. The existing model has considered the case of unequal diffusion coefficients of chemical species. Hence, accounting the interaction of both homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. One of the important outcomes of this work is concentration of auto-catalyst of Sisko fluid decreased due to rise in material index parameter.

Natural polysaccharides and their designed structures are extremely valuable due to their intrinsic pharmacological properties and are also used as pharmaceutical aids. These naturally occurring polysaccharides (e.g., psyllium and alginate) are gaining popularity for their use in the preparation of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) materials with improved swelling ability, biodegradability, stability, non-cytotoxic, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. IPN is prepared sequentially or simultaneously by microwave irradiation, casting evaporation, emulsification cross-linking, miniemulsion/inverse miniemulsion technique, and radiation polymerization methods. In addition, the prepared IPNs have has been extensively characterized using various analytical and imaging techniques before sustainable deployment for multiple applications. Regardless of these multi-characteristic attributes, the current literature lacks a detailed overview of the biomedical aspects of psyllium, alginate, and their engineered IPN structures. Herein, we highlight the unique synthesis, structural, and biomedical considerations of psyllium, alginate, and engineered IPN structures. In this review, a wide range of biomedical applications, such as role as a drug carrier for sustain delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and related miscellaneous application of psyllium, alginate, and their IPN structures described with appropriate examples. Further research will be carried out for the development of IPN using psyllium and alginate, which will be a smart and active carrier for drugs used in the treatment of life-threatening diseases due to their inherent pharmacological potential such as hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial.

This paper is covers the exploratory research study on the marketing strategies of IDBI Federal Insurance, Company. In the Indian context, Insurance companies are playing a major role in the development of Indian economy. With the entry of many private players in the insurance industry, the competition has risen manifold and hence insurance companies are coming out with innovative marketing strategies to woo the customer. This was the reason for narrowing down the scope of the research work. The present paper is an exploratory research study on the marketing strategy of IDBI Federal Insurance Company. The paper seeks to address the following objectives (a) To determine the marketing strategies of IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd (b) To determine the means and mechanism deployed by IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Applying the marketing mix and to determine the effectiveness of the strategy and (c) to understand the reasons which provide competitive advantage to IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd. The paper is developed on the basis of elementary primary and secondary data available in the Internet and other documents and journals. The design of the paper follows a structured approach. The literature review resulted in the generation of the research objectives. The primary data was collected by means of Google Forms and MS Excel was used for data analysis. Descriptive Statistics is used to arrive at the findings and interpretation. The findings indicate that the majority of the people seek insurance cover for the purpose of having risk cover and availing several benefits associated with the life insurance policies. Further, the findings indicate that there is a need to capitalize social media platform for generating awareness to drive the market growth. KEY WORDS: IDBI, Insurance, Marketing, Policies, Strategies

In this study, the effects of mass transfer and radiation on mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable vertical cylinder with surface heat flux and mass flux have been investigated. The...

Bacterial endosymbionts are well characterized for plant growth promotion. In this study, the root, nodules, and stem of the Cicer arietinum crop planted in a semi-arid zone were used as a source to isolate potential plant growth bacteria. The ability to grow under salt stress was determined, and the potential isolate was screened for plant growth promotion traits. The selected isolate was identified by the 16S rDNA method. Pot trials were conducted to know the ability of the isolate to promote plant growth in-vivo. Among various isolates obtained, a bacterial isolate obtained from root showed the ability to grow in the presence of 10 % Sodium fluoride (NaF). The isolate produced Indole Acetic acid in an amount of 72 mg per liter in production medium. The bacteria solubilized phosphate and produce exopolysaccharide (2.12 g per liter). The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sihuiensis. The result of pot trials reveals that the endophyte promotes plant growth under stress conditions and may be used as a bio-fertilizer.

In this post globalization era, the business units are being forced ‘forced’ to provide better than the best to the customers. For, today’s customers are a different lot than what they used to be decades ago. They are no longer willing to be content with the ‘take it or leave it attitude’ of the traditional business units. They are demanding, aggressive and are determined to have the best product at a price & quality, which they are willing to pay and what they consider it to be right in their own perspective. This paradigm shift in the attitude of the customers’ is forcing the organizations to be innovative and create value for the customers such as injecting technology to provide services to the customers on 24x7x365 basis across the world and assisting the customer in placing the order for a product while he is in US and to have it delivered in India at a time and place as ‘dictated’ by him. But, all this emphasis on creating customer value and of providing services round the clock, has the backbone of an effective, efficient and efficacious Supply Chain Management System. For, without, this core aspect, the focus on customer value goes for a toss. Thus, business units of today are keenly studying, analyzing, innovating and implementing myriad measures so as to ensure customer value satisfaction. This is a conceptual case study, based on the corporate experience of the authors. The domain of the case study is the automobile sector. Initially the case study covers the basics of Supply Chain Management System and gradually it transcends to an establishment of Supply Chain Management System Finally the problems at the end are focused more on the usage of analytical skills rather than the usage of the theoretical concepts of Supply Chain Management System. KEY WORDS: Attitude, Backbone, Customer, Innovative, Value

The current business environment has forced business units to devise innovative means and mechanisms so as to stay competitive in the market. This necessitates the need for constantly evaluating their performance measures. Business units have identified several measures which depict the performance yet ambiguities remain with respect to what is appropriate measure for performance measurement. Ratio analysis is one such measure which business units have been using for sufficient period of time. Yet there exists certain points of consideration which form the basis for this paper and their convergence into research question namely (a) What constitutes ratio analysis and (b) Which of the component of ratio analysis, has the greatest contribution? While addressing these questions, HUDCO’s secondary data is used as a base. Ratio analysis is used to depict the measure of performance while descriptive statistics is used for data interpretation. Findings indicate that there is no single component which dominates the contribution and that ratio analysis itself has several components for measurement parameters. KEY WORDS: Components, Descriptive Statistics, Measurements, Ratio Analysis

Plant breeding improves the physiological health of the plants by targeting to the genotypes of the species and immunize them for particular pathogen; this naturally increases nutritional quality and productivity of agricultural lands. This superior quality of crops can tolerate abiotic or biotic stresses of the environment, synthesizes energy-rich biomolecules and supplements through organized metabolism, and equally productive for better human health. Current article is mainly focused on practices and techniques used in plant breeding and tissue culture methods, advance genome editing tools and their significance and efforts made by scientific communities during path of ‘Green Revolution to Gene Revolution’ for sustainable agriculture in India.

Dermatophyte infections are widespread worldwide and are the most prevalent cause of fungal infection of the skin, hair, and nails. Tinea corporis is most commonly caused by dermatophytes belonging to three genera: Trichophyton , Microsporum , and Epidermophyton. The disease may be acquired through person-to-person transmission, typically by direct communication with an infected individual. Since dermatophytes causing tinea corporis infection are restricted to superficial keratinized tissue, topical treatments are most effective in patients with naïve tinea corporis unless the disease is widespread. Dermatophyte adherence to a keratinized structure is an essential step in dermatophytosis pathogenesis, whereby proteolytic enzyme activity is converted into a particular keratolytic activity that encourages the dermatophyte to use keratin as the sole source of carbon. Despite increasing dermatophytosis worldwide, particularly in the tropics, this research has often been neglected, appears to predominate globally, and presents practitioners with a therapeutic challenge. However, experts supported the use of allylamines in the pleiotropic molecular exploration of azoles, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wide-spectrum antimycotic effects. Therefore, the current review aims to update and reform this essential subject and illustrate the recent advancement of the hidden pleiotropic activity of azoles at the molecular level on dermatophytes in human tinea corporis infection.

In the present study, dye decolorizing bacteria were isolated from water and soil samples, collected from textile industries in Jodhpur province, India. Two bacterial species namely, Bacillus pumilis and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus were screened and identified based on biochemical characterization. The degradation efficiency of these two microorganisms was compared through optimization of pH, incubation time, initial dye concentration and inoculum size. B. pumilis and P. thiominolyticus were able to degrade 61% and 67% Red HE3B, 81% and 75% Orange F2R, 49.7% and 44.2% Yellow ME4GL and 61.6% and 59.5% Blue RC CT dyes of 800mg/l concentration respectively. The optimum pH and time were found to be 8 within 24 hours. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that microorganisms were able to degrade toxic azo dyes into a non-toxic product as proved through structural modifications to analyze chemical functions in materials by detecting the vibrations that characterize chemical bonds. It is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by the microbial product. Therefore, Bacillus pumilis and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus are a promising tool for decolorization of dyes due to its potential to effectively decolorize higher azo dye concentrations (10-800 mg/L) and can be exploited for bioremediation.

The theme of this article is to assess the impact of MHD flow of SWCNT + Ag + H2O hybrid nanofluid via a bidirectional porous stretchable sheet having volumetric heat generation and chemical reaction of higher order. The governing equations of the flow problem for working fluid are tackled by with RKF-4th and 5th order technique. The features of heat transfer, mass diffusion and fluid flow are depicted in the range of power law index number, $$1 \le n \le 6$$ ; Hartmann number, $$0.1 \le Ha \le 0.6$$ ; internal heat generation, $$0.1 \le H \le 2.2$$ ; chemical reaction, $$0.5 \le \Omega \le 4$$ ; chemical reaction order ( $$1 \le q \le 9$$ ) and nanoparticles volume fractions varies from 2 to 10%, and remaining parameters are fixed. The upshots of the current problem illustrate that with increase in volume fraction of hybrid nanofluid, thermal field function increases, while both velocity functions declined. Moreover, Nusselt number function is reduced with increase in volumetric heat generation and increases with order of chemical reaction for $$n = 1$$ and $$n = 2$$ .

In various pathological conditions, cellular immunity plays an important role in immune responses. Among immune cells, T lymphocytes pdomote cellular and humoral responses as well as innate immunity. Therefore, careful investigation of these cells has a significant impact on accurate knowledge in COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. In current research, the frequency and function of various T lymphocytes involved in immune responses examined in SARS‐CoV-2 patients with various disease severity compared to normal subjects. In order to make an accurate comparison among patients with various disease severity, this study was performed on asymptomatic recovered cases (n = 20), ICU hospitalized patients (n = 30), non-ICU hospitalized patients (n = 30), and normal subjects (n = 20). To precisely evaluate T cells activity following purification, their cytokine secretion activity was examined. Similarly, immediately after purification of Treg cells, their inhibitory activity on T cells was investigated. The results showed that COVID-19 patients with severe disease (ICU hospitalized patients) not only had a remarkable increase in Th1 and Th17 but also a considerable decrease in Th2 and Treg cells. More importantly, as the IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion was sharply increased in severe disease, the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4 was decreased. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of Treg cells was reduced in severe disease patients in comparison to other groups. In severe COVID-19 disease, current findings indicate when the inflammatory arm of cellular immunity is significantly increased, a considerable reduction in anti-inflammatory and regulatory arm occurred.

Aims Despite extensive efforts to find new treatments, chemotherapy is still one of the first and foremost choices for cancer treatment. The main problems of using these drugs are the resistance of cancer cells and reducing their sensitivity to chemotherapy as well as the side effects of their systemic administration. Because STAT3 plays a very important role in the survival and susceptibility of cancer cells to apoptosis, we hypothesized that suppression of STAT3 expression could induce greater susceptibility to DOX-induced cancer cell death. Materials and methods We used pegylated chitosan lactate nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized by TAT peptide and folate to deliver STAT3 siRNA and DOX to cancer cells simultaneously, both in vitro and in vivo. Key findings The results showed that NPs could effectively deliver siRNA and DOX to cancer cells, which was associated with suppression of STAT3 expression and increased induction of DOX-mediated cell death. Concomitant delivery of DOX and STAT3 siRNA also suppressed tumor growth in 4T1 and CT26 cancer models, which was associated with induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Significance These findings suggest that the use of NPs can be an effective strategy for the targeted delivery of STAT3-specific siRNA/DOX to cancer cells.

This paper describes the utmost significant topologies and governor systems for multilevel converters and inverters along with their applications, enabling technology for modulating and implementation of power electronic-based distribution transformer. The motive of the work is to recognize a technique which is proficient of helping other features of a transformed used in distribution. SST has AC–DC and DC–AC stages received as they are capable of delivering good quality at the output. The desired essential voltage with minimum THD at the output is also achieved. The different modulation scheme for a solid-state transformer (SST) and overall model represents input rectifier AC–DC stage, isolated DC–DC converter and DC–AC output inverter stage. The model output of some DC–DC converter is connected to separate battery bank, which has been acting as distributed energy storage device (DESD) for solid-state transformer (SST). Mathematical modeling of controller is formulated and the dynamic characteristics of solid-state-based distribution transformer are verified by MATLAB.

The present study signifies the impact of study of power radiation, chemical reaction, thermophoretic, and MHD flow for a dense viscous fluid having viscosity and thermal conductivity dependent on temperature. The study is performed in the presence of radiation for lower stagnation point considering an isothermal cylinder. Using similarity transformation for governing flow are nonlinear partial differential equation is obtained which is then transformed into ordinary differential equation considering various physical parameters these equations were solved and the results are demonstrated. The effect of different parameters is studied and is represented in the form of graphs. The effects of S.F.C and Nusselt number on the isothermal cylinder are also represented in tabular form.

Nowadays, electricity is considered as a commodity for consumers, and quality of power is a very important issue which cannot be neglected. Through this paper, we will understand how deregulation has played an important role in improving the state of power sector in India. This paper provides an idea of how Indian power sector have reformed itself with growing demand of power; it presents a detailed understanding of Indian power industry before and after of deregulation. It helps us to understand the current structure of power industry in different states of India. Salient features of the Indian Electricity act, 2003, are also discussed in the paper.

The major battle that the human civilization is facing in the present era is regarding pollution; one of a serious threat among these pollutions is the contamination of water bodies due to oil spills. Oil spills from ships, tankers, or leaks in marine oil pipes are something that is needed to deal with to make the earth a better place. To protect the water and the environment, this oil should be removed from the water or the surface. The chances for oil spills have reduced as we have observed there is a significant change in the pattern with the decrease of the use of tankers and pipelines for oil and petroleum derivatives. The point should be that according to the researchers, the marine ecosystem is damaged even more by the other sources of pollution even though the event of oil spills is certainly much sensational. There is an urgent requirement of advanced eco-friendly tools to eliminate spilled oil. Some studies suggest that the use of organic matter may be an effective step in such an oil spilled scenario. Organic matter acts as a sorbent, a surfactant, and a separator and can make using a variety of ingredients such as organic, inorganic, synthetic, or different, but they must interact with the biological system. Some organic materials can contaminate the water more than the oil that is spread, so eco-friendly, non-toxic, low-cost organic matter should be used for oil removal and recovery. If the oil is recovered from the environmental surface, then after the successful removal of that oil, it can be conducive to sustainable development. This review summarizes the overall perspective on the potential of different biomaterials for the removal of accidentally spilled oils.

Genetic algorithm is a one of the frequently used soft computing technique which is used for optimization of real time problems. Genetic is gaining its popularity because of its robustness in finding the solution of a problem very close to the minima value. In this chapter we will briefly discuss basic concepts, functionality of GA and will learn that how it has been used in: Economic load dispatch, Unit Commitment problem, distributed generation and load forecasting of power system. A review work has been done to understand the usefulness of Genetic algorithm in above mentioned domains. The future scope of GA (genetic algorithm) is also highlighted in the chapter.

The most prevalent malignancy that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract is colon cancer. The current treatment options for colon cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although the chance of curing the disease in the early stages is high, there is no cure for almost all patients with advanced and metastatic disease. It has been found that over-activation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), followed by the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with colon cancer are significantly increased. The tumorigenic function of COX-2 is mainly due to its role in the production of PGE2. PGE2, as a main generated prostanoid, has an essential role in growth and survival of colon cancer cell's. PGE2 exerts various effects in colon cancer cells including enhanced expansion, angiogenesis, survival, invasion, and migration. The signaling of PGE2 via the EP4 receptor has been shown to induce colon tumorigenesis. Moreover, the expression levels of the EP4 receptor significantly affect tumor growth and development. Overexpression of EP4 by various mechanisms increases survival and tumor vasculature in colon cancer cells. It seems that the pathway starting with COX2, continuing with PGE2, and ending with EP4 can promote the spread and growth of colon cancer. Therefore, targeting the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis can be considered as a worthy therapeutic approach to treat colon cancer. In this review, we have examined the role and different mechanisms that the EP4 receptor is involved in the development of colon cancer.

Gold and Indian culture have been sharing an age-old association. India is one of the top two consumers of gold. Gold is the most popular investment avenue because of its ability to provide liquidity. The average monthly price however has grown by 1,588 percent over the whole period from 1979 to 2017 (June). In this article, we intend to investigate gold as an investment to hedge against inflation. The sample period to study the relationship between gold and inflation is 2011–2017 (March). To analyze long-run equilibrium between gold and inflation (consumer price index [CPI]), Johansen’s cointegration approach has been used. The short- and long-run causality between gold and inflation has been studied using vector error correction model (VECM) and Wald test. The results of cointegration indicate that gold and CPI series are cointegrated and bear long-run equilibrium. Both VECM and Wald test results indicate that there is only long-run causality between CPI and gold prices. However, in short run these variables do not show any causality. Thus, we infer that gold investment can be used as hedge against Inflation. The findings of this research have got direct implications for retail investors, portfolio managers, treasury and fund managers, government, and commercial traders.

Digitalization is the need of the era, and the Government of India has been taking numerous initiatives in this direction. The present case is about the Akodara Village in Gujarat which is known as the ‘first Indian digital village’. The ICICI Bank adopted this village and made it 100 per cent digital with proper infrastructure facilities which have been leading the village in the direction of electronic/digital payments. The purpose of the case is to make the people aware about the digitalization initiatives taken by the Government and banks and the possibilities of bringing technology to the rural areas of India. This has been seen from the case that if proper infrastructure is made available and there is a strong will power to plan and implement to challenge the status quo, nothing is impossible. ICICI Bank has actually converted impossible to possible. This case focuses on various initiatives taken in this direction to make this achievement possible.

The current environmental research has fascinated the sustainable exploitation of mix bacterial consortium to biodegrade the environmentally-related toxic compounds, including hazardous synthetic dyes. Based on the existing literature evidence, textile and other industrial waste effluents pollute the natural water bodies. Textile effluent contains synthetic dyes which are liberated in the environment without proper treatment. The presence of toxic dyes added to the textile effluents undoubtedly affects the flora and fauna as that untreated water is used for irrigation by local farmers. Many conventional and biological methods are in action for the treatment of wastewater. Physical and chemical processes are expensive as compared to microbial treatments. The use of microbial consortia generates efficient results. Wastewater is a valuable resource, however, up to 80% of wastewater is released to different water matrices. This discernment needs to change for a better tomorrow. In this context, herein, we present a robust microbial-assisted treatment and simultaneously reuse of the treated wastewater as an added value to induce plant growth. Thus, the microbial approach for textile waste treatment release by-product after degradation should be non-toxic for the environment. In the present study, the toxicity of synthetic textile dye named Reactive Red 120, Reactive Orange 122, Reactive Yellow 160, and Reactive Blue 19 was investigated using a bioassay method with plant species namely Sorghum bicolor. Plate and Pot experiment was conducted with respect to untreated Azo dyes, degraded metabolites obtained from single bacteria, and consortium. Efficient Seed germination (89%), shoot length (12.4 cm), root length (15.6 cm) of the plants were observed for bacterial consortium degraded metabolites exposed seeds after comparing with the control. The degraded metabolite also increases protein (45.56 mg/g) and sugar (3.15 mg/g) contents. Bioremediation of various textile industrial effluents saves the ecosystem from the harmful effects of hazardous dyes. The biological decolorization of the textile azo dyes was investigated under co-metabolic conditions. The degraded metabolites can be used to enhance crop productivity and for commercial application. This mandates the current and future research to develop economically feasible and environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment practices.

Wireless Communication has become one of the most vibrant and emerging section of the communication industry. Mobile communication has developed as one of the broadly used wireless communication nowadays. But with the advancement., wireless communication has to face several technical challenges that must be overcome. The basic phenomenon due to which wireless transmission becomes unreliable is time varying fading and adjacent and cochannel interference that occurs among cells in neighboring areas. In this paper the impact of adjacent and co-channel interference is studied and BER has been investigated and compared for three different channels i.e. Rayleigh fading channel., Rician fading channel and AWGN channel using a QAM modulated technique.

Widespread adoption of smartphones brought significant technical advances in technology in today's world. As a consequence, however, it has almost become impossible for us to separate our personal lives from work. Work-life balance is hard to achieve in the current scenario: our business emails keep arriving on our phones even when we are at home or on the beach. Our research goal is to develop and deploy a location-aware messaging framework that is based on indoor location detection. This framework will only deliver messages when users are at work. The system uses beacon technologies to accurately determine the position of a user inside a building. The users, in return, communicate with the system using an application running on their smartphones. The framework delivers customized messages according to the user (i.e. it can distinguish between the owner and visitor in the same location).

System efficiency in industry is the timely maintenance of its all subsystems or components; improving maintenance performance is thus a key objective. Developing an effective maintenance is very much requiring for a healthy working system. This paper proposes a three subsystem based multi-state analysis. The designed system has three subsystems in which these subsystems have their identifiable characteristics. The input parameters of this designed system, consists the failure rates of its subsystems. Reliability measures have been computed numerically and validated by graphical illustrations, and have also been taken to the practical utility of the model.