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Abstract Background Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) is an infectious disease most common in resource-limited countries caused by the acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis that frequently affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with multidrug therapy is crucial to reduce disease transmission and sequelae, which include nerve function impairment, ocular injury, and stigmatizing physical deformities. Traditional treatment of multibacillary leprosy consists of 12–24 months of multidrug therapy with dapsone, rifampin, and clofazimine. However, this regimen is associated with high pill burden and side effects that limit adherence. Case presentation We report a case of multibacillary leprosy in a previously healthy 30-year-old Hispanic man who recently immigrated to the USA from South America and presented with progressive nodular skin lesions on his face and extremities. He was treated with a monthly regimen of rifampin, moxifloxacin, and minocycline. At follow-up there was significant improvement of his cutaneous lesions without signs of reversal reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum. Conclusions This case report adds to the growing repertoire of literature supporting the use of rifampin, moxifloxacin, and minocycline. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this antimycobacterial regimen and monitor rates of relapse and delayed immunologic reactions, which may occur 5–10 years after completion of treatment.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan mengkaji dampak kepala madrasah terhadap keberhasilan siswa baik dalam ranah akademik maupun non-akademik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mataram. Selanjutnya, tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji unsur-unsur yang mendukung maupun menghambat fungsi tersebut. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian adalah Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mataram. Sumber data adalah kepala madrasah dan wakil kepala madrasah bidang kurikulum, kesiswaan, sarana dan prasarana, hubungan masyarakat, dan program keagamaan, pengawas olimpiade, pendidik, siswa, dan siswa AM. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model Miles Huberman, pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah memegang peranan penting dalam mencapai keberhasilan siswa baik dalam ranah akademik maupun non-akademik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mataram. Peran ini memiliki banyak sisi, meliputi peran EMASLIM IKIEF (Pendidik, Manajer, Administrator, Supervisor, Pemimpin, Inovator, Motivator, Pembicara, Komunikator, Evaluator, dan Fasilitator). Elemen kunci yang berkontribusi terhadap keberhasilan siswa baik dalam ranah akademis maupun nonakademis meliputi keterlibatan aktif staf pengajar dalam membimbing dan membina siswa, antusiasme dan pola pikir mereka yang tinggi, serta motivasi siswa untuk berpartisipasi dalam semua kegiatan dan kompetisi. Selain itu, kepala sekolah memiliki prinsip-prinsip yang kuat. Madrasah ini telah mencapai kemahiran dalam media sosial, merupakan madrasah terdepan di Indonesia, menawarkan fasilitas yang lengkap, mentor, dan pelatih untuk olimpiade eksternal, pelatihan untuk staf pengajar, penyediaan materi matrikulasi untuk siswa baru, manajemen pembinaan olimpiade yang efektif, dan memberikan masukan dan bimbingan motivasi dari kepala sekolah, staf pengajar, dan orang tua kepada siswa. Selain itu, hambatan terhadap keberhasilan siswa baik dalam ranah akademis maupun nonakademis meliputi perlunya pendanaan yang tepat untuk kompetisi yang menarik sejumlah besar peserta. Akan tetapi, madrasah tidak mampu membiayainya secara penuh, hanya menyediakan sebagian dana. Tidak semua orang tua mengizinkan anak-anaknya untuk mengikuti perlombaan, terutama karena mereka lebih suka berkonsentrasi pada kemajuan akademis saja. Beberapa siswa perlu lebih konsisten dalam mengikuti proses seleksi, kurang bimbingan dari para profesor, dan terlibat konflik dengan jadwal untuk mengakses fasilitas dan infrastruktur.

Abstract This study determined production performance, nutrient intake, digestibility, and carcass traits from ostrich chicks fed with barberry (Berberis Vulgaris) leaves (BVL) as a replacement for alfalfa hay (AH). For 150 days, 30 male ostrich (Struthio camelus) (9.10 ± 0.89 kg live weight, mean ± SD) were randomly grouped into five dietary BVL inclusion levels to replace AH: a control diet based on 100% AH (CTRL), and four groups with BVL as a substitute for AH at varying levels including 25% (BVL25), 50% (BVL50), 75% (BVL75), and 100% (BVL100). The average daily feed intakes (ADFI) were recorded and birds were weighed monthly. The nutrient intake and digestibility were measured for the following final 5 days of the trial. The ADFI was higher (p = 0.025) for BVL100 and BVL75 than for CTRL. Ostriches fed on BVL50 had the highest average daily gain (ADG, p = 0.025) and the lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR, p = 0.0001). Return per kg BW gain was also enhanced (p = 0.018) with BVL50 feeding. Dietary BVL levels did not affect the digestibility of OM (p = 0.257), CP (p = 0.260), EE (p = 0.610), CF (p = 0.427), and Ash (p = 0.461). Also, there were no changes in AME (p = 0.180) or AMEn (p = 0.670). The hot carcass weight (HCW, p = 0.331) and dressing BW (p = 0.237) were not affected. Overall, the results suggest that BVL can replace AH in ostrich diets without deleterious impact on performance, however, its partial substitution (for 50% AH of diet) has been associated with improved ADG, FCR, and reduced feeding costs.

Recent developments in the field of replacing and generating human tissues have led to a renewed interest in finding alternative materials or composites that enhance the development of these technologies. Therefore, the main goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of adding a nanomaterial with a two-dimensional structure called silicene, which is also known as silicon nanosheet (SiNS) on among the best leaders in biomaterials which are HA and TCP. This investigation has examined the fracture toughness property and flexural strength to explore the importance of adopting the nanomaterials. Through this paper, silicene has been synthesised using chemical reactions and added in various weight ratios of (1,3, and 5) % to BCP composites which are produced with various weight ratios of HA and TCP. Based on the findings, adding SiNS by a percentage ranging from 1% to 3% to the BCP composites increased their toughness, and flexural strength from 33 to 87.64 %, and 15 to 60 % respectively. However, as some percentages climbed and others fell in toughness or flexural strength, the results of the samples containing 5% of SiNS started to differ somewhat. This is due to that the filler (SiNS) has the capacity to prevent cracks from growing while also preserving crystalline tissue, which makes it a crucial defence against fracture propagation. This increase gave sufficient motivation to adopt this composition and addition in biomedical applications.

The economic efficiency of sheep breeding, aiming to enhance productivity, is a focal point for improvement of sheep breeding. Recent studies highlight the involvement of the Early Region 2 Binding Factor transcription factor 8 (E2F8) gene in female reproduction. Our group’s recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) emphasizes the potential impact of the E2F8 gene on prolificacy traits in Australian White sheep (AUW). Herein, the purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of the E2F8 gene with litter size in AUW sheep breed. This work encompassed 659 AUW sheep, subject to genotyping through PCR-based genotyping technology. Furthermore, the results of PCR-based genotyping showed significant associations between the P1-del-32bp bp InDel and the fourth and fifth parities litter size in AUW sheep; the litter size of those with genotype ID were superior compared to those with DD and II genotypes. Thus, these results indicate that the P1-del-32bp InDel within the E2F8 gene can be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sheep.

Background: Adalimumab is approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). In 2021, A biosimilar (ABP501;Amgevita®) was licensed in Iraq. The current study aimed to ensure safety and Efficacy of Amgevita in RA Patients in Iraq. Patients and Methods: A Cross sectional Observational study Started on 69 RA Records receiving Amgevita. Data collected from local registry then examined for disease activity and adverse reactions for 9 months follow up. Results: Thirty patients completed the 9 months period of the study: aged (49±14) years; 77.5% females. After 3, 6 and 9 months of follow up, patients' mean (SD) CDAI 27.8 ( 13.60 ) which was statistically lower (19.80) (6.96), 17.70 (2.790), and 19 (1.040), p

This experiment was conducted to estimate the main effect of adding Data palm pollen (DPP) and the form of diet on the productive performance of female quail compliant with: Hen day egg production (HD), Egg weight (EW), Egg mass (EM), Feed intake (FI) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and eggs quality of quail compliant with: Shape index (ShI %), shell weight (%), yolk weight (%), albumen weight (%), Yolk index (YI%), Albumen Index (AI%) and Hough unit (HU). For eight weeks, from February 14 to April 13, 2023. Two hindered fifty-two female quail with age about forty-seven days were divided into six treatments, each including forty-two birds with three replicates (four ten quail of each). The treatments were T1: 0% DPP with mash feed form, T2: 0% DPP with pellet feed form, T3: 0.5% DPP with mash feed form, T4: 0.5% DPP with pellet feed form, T5: 1% DPP with mash feed form and T6: 1% DPP with pellet feed form. The quail were fed a productive diet with 2794 kcal/kg energy and 18.39% crude protein, and similar rearing conditions. Results showed there were significant effects in the percentage of HD, EW., EM, and (FCR) in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments, as well as an improvement in egg quality in treatments with DPP and pellet feed form when compared with the other treatments.

Increasing temperature due to frictional heat from sliding between contacting surfaces leads to increased wear and friction. Therefore, the researchers continue investigations to find the most suitable friction materials with good mechanical and thermal properties for frictional facings of clutch performance under this condition. In this research paper, the behavior and performance of the friction material HCC was studied under different normal load conditions (125, 175, 225, and 275 N) and different working environment temperatures (300 K and 390 K), where the rotation speed was 300 rpm. The results of the coefficient of friction and friction forces variation under different working conditions were analyzed and discussed in detail. XTM 500 tribometer test rig was used to perform the required tests, and the samples were made of the HCC friction material. The obtained results proved that the ambient temperature of the friction system has a significant negative effect on both the coefficient of friction and the force of friction. So, when the friction system's ambient temperature increases, the magnitude of the friction coefficient will decrease, and, thus, the transmitted torque will reduce too.

We present the faunal list of Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Azerbaijan, including 222 species of 114 genera, belonging to two families. Forty eight species of Pyraloidea Moths are reported for Azerbaijan for the first time.

The decline in soil productivity due to intensive cultivation, unbalanced fertilization and climate change are key challenges to future food security. There is no significant research conducted on the effect of organic amendments on soil properties and active carbon fractions in organic-matter deficient soils under changing climate. Biochar (BC) is a stabilized organic amendment produced from organic materials and is increasingly recognized as being able to improve soil health and crop productivity. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of compost (CM) (0.5%, 1%) (w/w) and animal manure (AM) (0.5%, 1%) (w/w) alone and combined with 3% (w/w) biochar, on soil carbon fractions, soil properties, and crop growth in a low-fertile soil. The results revealed significant increased 46% plant height, 106% and 114% fresh and dry shoot weight respectively, and 1,000-grain weight increased up to 40% when 3% BC with 1% CM was applied, compared to a control. Similarly, substantial increases in 69% soil organic matter, and 70% carbon pool index were observed at 3% BC, and under 3% BC with 1% CM increased 11% microbial biomass carbon compared to the control. Overall, the results suggest that 3% BC addition along with 1% CM and AM (1%) had greater potential to improve the soil carbon pool, microbial biomass, and soil health, all of which will ultimately enhance maize yield when grown in low-fertility soil. The application of BC, CM, and AM are a viable green approach, that not only boosts crop yields and improves soil properties and but also contributes to a circular economy.

This study deals with the petrography and heavy mineral analysis of the Injana sandstone at Al-Habbaniyah City. Thirteen samples are collected from the Injana Formation. A petrographic study is achieved on ten samples while all samples are analyzed for heavy minerals. The petrographic analysis showed that the common components of the Injana sandstone are rock fragments, especially sedimentary fragments. Quartz grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) and feldspars (k-feldspar and plagioclase), bounded by matrix and carbonate cement. The suggested provenance for the Injana Formation is mainly sedimentary and igneous sources and the less dominant metamorphic source. These sandstones are considered to be mineralogically submature-immature and classified as litharenites. Heavy minerals analysis showed two sets of minerals including opaque and transparent minerals, the opaque minerals are significant components of the heavy mineral assemblages, then chlorite, epidotes, amphiboles, garnet, pyroxenes (ortho and clino), zircon, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, rutile, and others. This assemblage implies that the dense minerals are typically found in basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with less frequent occurrences in acidic igneous and reworked sediments. According to QLF and QmFLt classifications, the tectonic provenance of the Injana sandstone is described as recycled orogen. The MF-MT-GM classification showed that the sandstone of Injana is derived primarily from active continental margins. The result of maturity MI and ZTR revealed low values of maturity, the MI value ranges between 0.6 to 1.5 with an average of 0.9 and ZTR Maturity ranges between 0.7% and 9% with an average of 3.9%, these low values of maturity indicate sub-mature to immature sandstone.

This research aims to evaluate the quality of the Mishrif Reservoir in the Q Oilfield by analyzing limited data using modern techniques. The Mishrif Formation consists of limestone, dolomite, and shale. The reservoir is divided into two units, A and B. Data were obtained from the wireline logs, which include caliper, gamma ray, density, neutron, resistivity deep, and resistivity shallow logs, for three wells. The petrophysical characteristics were computed using the well-log evaluation technique. The results indicated that the shale volume ranges between 18.3% to 11.1%, the total porosity ranges between 16.4% to 6.6%, the effective porosity ranges between 14.6% to 3.8%, the permeability ranges between 2020.465468 to 15.623 mD, the water saturation ranges between 51.5% to 16.7%, the hydrocarbon saturation ranges between 83.3% to 48.5%, the water mass volume ranges between 11.3% to 3.4%, the net pay thickness ranges between 91.67 to 1.32 m, the oil content ranges between 12.7% to 1.8%, and the moveable oil ranges between 1.4% to 0.8%. The results revealed that the Mishrif Formation possesses favorable reservoir properties and substantial net pay thickness. The zones of excellent quality are evidenced by a porosity of 15%, permeability surpassing 2000 mD, and net pay over 90 m, affirming the presence of prolific reservoir facies. The lower unit B has superior reservoir characteristics and quality than the upper unit A.

Geopolymer concrete is an inorganic composite material created by interacting alkaline substances with an aluminosilicate source and aggregate. Precast building units are considered the most prominent uses of geopolymer concrete, and the utilization of recycled steel fibres and rubber from damaged tires that are non-biodegradable to reduce environmental pollution. The results of this investigation show the possibility of using geopolymer concrete with and without the inclusion of crumbed rubber and recycled steel fibers from damaged tires in the production of paving flags with dimensions of 400 × 200 × 50 mm class c according to IQS 1107. Four types of geopolymer concrete flags were prepared, including flag specimens without wastes, flag specimens reinforced with recycled steel fibres waste from damaged car tires with a volume fraction of 0.125%, flag specimens containing 10% crumbed rubber waste aggregate as a partial volumetric replacement to natural coarse aggregate, as well as flag specimens containing two wastes of 10% crumbed rubber as a partial replacement to natural coarse aggregate and 0.125% recycled steel fibres. The experimental tests illustrate that it is possible to reduce the thickness from 50 mm to 35 mm of the paving flags to reduce their weight and cost. In addition, it was discovered that the total flexural energy of paving flags containing recycled steel fibers and rubber aggregate wastes increased by 390% and 271%, respectively, concerning paving flags without wastes. The failure modes changed from brittle to ductile when these wastes were used.

Spi Rais anticline (East part of major Bekhair anticline) and western part of Chia Gara anticline were chosen to study joint paths. They are located within the highly folded zone of the western zagros fold and thrust belt, Iraqi segment. These anticlines arranged in an en-echelon pattern and they expose rocks range in age from Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene. The Late Cretaceous (Campanian – Maastrichtian) succession represented by Bekhme and Shiranish Formations. The lithologies of these rocks are competent and consist of limestone, dolomitic limestone and marly limestone whichare favorable to joint development. Different types of joints were developed in such rocks due to stresses resulted from collision between Arabian and Eurasian (Turkish and Iranian) plates. The joint sets and systems are the most abundant fractures in the rocks of the study area. The chronological relationships of the joints refer that the area had witnessed multiple tectonic pulses in the form of compressional and extensional stresses. The stereonet and the Win – Tensor programs were used to plot the attitudes of joints and deduce their paleostresss orientations. Furthermore, the orientations of deduced paleostresses were plotted onto geological map of investigated area and simulated as paleo trajectories as well. The deduced paleostress direction responsible for folding in traverse 1 was (356° - 195°), in traverse 2 (330° - 168°) and in traverse 3 (353°- 163°).

Purpose: The intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) are crucial to the passive, active, and neurological subsystems that compose the foot core, and their weakness may predispose to various foot pathologies, systemic diseases and musculoskeletal conditions. Strengthening of IFM is an effective intervention in clinical conditions, but its role in sports and clinical rehabilitation is still inconclusive. Thus, this review aims to evaluate the effects of IFM strengthening exercises in athletes with normal feet. Methods: An electronic database search was conducted using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for assessing bias in the included studies. Results: Four studies were included for qualitative review. The meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of measuring units of outcome measures in the included studies. All the studies showed an improvement in intrinsic foot muscle strength, though the training protocols used by them were only roughly equivalent. One study reported no significant differences in MLA stiffness after 8 weeks of intervention. The clinician assessed motor performance and morphological assessments showed considerable improvements. Improved vertical running propulsive forces were reported, though the running economy showed no changes. Conclusion: Findings suggest that IFM exercises effectively improve outcomes such as foot morphology and function, strength, running mechanics and subjective function in athletes and may be incorporated in sports rehabilitation. These conclusions should be considered with caution due to bias in included studies.

BackgroundThe problem of achieving economic efficiency in sheep breeding can be largely solved by increasing sheep productivity. Recently, the BMPRIB gene has been revealed by GWAS as a potential candidate gene for sheep body morphometric traits. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms (p.Q249R SNP and 90-bp deletion) in the BMPRIB gene are associated with sheep growth traits.MethodsPCR-based genotyping was performed on 1,875 sheep, including 1,191 Guiqian semi-fine wool (GQSFW), 560 Luxi Blackhead (LXBH), 55 Lanzhou fat-tailed (LZFT), and 69 Weining (WN) sheep. Genotype–phenotype association was assessed using the independent samples t-test and ANOVA. The significance level was set at αoriginal < 0.05. The threshold p-value for significance was adjusted after correction for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.ResultsAfter the Bonferroni correction, it was found that individuals with FecB+/FecB+ genotypes of the p.Q249R had significantly better growth traits in LXBH ewe lambs, including the body length, chest width, paunch girth, cannon circumference, and hip width (P

The goal of this article is to examine the best electricity storage methods, both in terms of technology and economics, for tiny, independent electrical grids that are integrated with power plants that generate renewable energy sources (RES). As case studies, three autonomous Greek is-lands—Symi, Astypalaia, and Kastelorizo—with yearly and approximately for our work is peak demand of 3.9 MW, 2.1 MW, and 0.889 MW, respectively, are examined. Every island under inves-tigation has exceptional solar and wind potential, and their locations are perfect for the installation of seawater PHS (pumped hydro storage). Regarding the energy storage facilities, two distinct strat-egies are examined: PHS systems (for the two largest islands) and electrochemical storage, which is another name for lead acid or lithium-ion batteries. Potential RES units include photovoltaic instal-lations and wind farms. The analysed plants' dimensioning is optimised with a shared goal in mind: achieving an annual percentage of RES penetration above 69.9% while keeping the selling price of energy below the current specific production cost. The analysis is combined with the systems under examination's economic assessment. It is demonstrated that wind-PHS is still a competitive alterna-tive for Symi and Astypalaia given the proper land morphology for PHS installations, while a wind-p/v-batteries features as the best choice for Kastelorizo. Only with PHS support can 99.9% annual RES penetration be attained; with electrochemical batteries, annual RES penetration can range from 79.9 to 91.1%. Electricity selling prices between 199 and 349 €/kWh, which result in payback periods between five and nine years, ensure the economic viability.

A sedimentological and mineralogical study was carried out on sediments of Al-Dujaila River Project, one of the branches of the Tigris River, southeastern Kut City, Iraq. The study aims to identify the nature and maturity of sediments in order to deduce the provenance of these sediments and the source area. The results of grain size analysis of ten river sediment samples indicated that the averages are: silt (44.97%), clay (34.06%), and sand (20.96%). According to Folk's classification (1974), the sediments are classified as sandy mud. A microscopic study of five sand fraction samples has shown the presence of light and heavy minerals. Light minerals (average 94.6%) include on average: a major share of rock fragments (64.8% including dominant carbonate, chert, igneous, metamorphic, and mudstone), quartz (24.1% including dominant monocrystalline and polycrystalline), feldspars (5% including orthoclase and plagioclase) while evaporates, and coated clays are subordinate. Heavy minerals (average 5.4 %) include opaques (average 54.2%) and non-opaques (average 45.8%) including pyroxene, amphibole, epidote, garnet, staurolite, chlorite, biotite, muscovite, zircon, tourmaline and rutile. Based on the mineralogical signatures, light and heavy minerals reflect metamorphic, mafic and felsic igneous rocks of the active margin of the unstable shelf in addition to carbonate, evaporate and mud of sedimentary rocks that could be sourced from the floodplain. According to sediment diversity and very poor grain sorting in the study area, as well as the values of indices of mineral maturity MI (0.34), MMI (0.76), and the ZTR (23.5%), all these results indicate that sediments are immature to extremely immature, which means the source area represents rather elevated topography, rapid erosion and transport in arid to the semi-arid environment and a short distance of transportation. The tectonic provenance of Al-Dujaila River sediments can be characterized as a lithic reworked of the recycled orogen as a result of the collision range of Taurus and Zagros Mountain range.

The article gives a revision of the Semagystia monticola (Groum-Grshimaïlo, 1890) species group (Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Cossinae). The group comprises nine valid species. Detailed data on the distribution of all the species are provided. Four new species from Central Asia are described: S. churkini Yakovlev & Shapoval, sp. n. (Type locality: Kyrgyzstan, Moldo-Too Range, Kichine-Kindyk River), S. fomichevi Yakovlev & Shapoval, sp. n. (Type locality: Tajikistan, Eastern Pamir Mts., Zulumart [Palangguzar] Mt. Rg.), S. toropovi Yakovlev & Shapoval, sp. n. (Type locality: Kirgizia, Tschatkal Mt., Sary-Chelek lake), and S. uvaydo Yakovlev & Shapoval, sp. n. (Type locality: Tajikistan, Darvaz Mts., Khozratishoh Range, Khaburobot pass). The article is illustrated with imagoes of specimens from different localities and male genitalia of all new species.

Background: Most men have prostate cancer (PC), the second leading cause of death. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Internet-based hope therapy on coping strategies in men with PC. Methods: A quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group was used in this study. 317 men with PC were referred to the King Fahd Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2020. Following the participants' voluntary selection, the pre-test stage was performed, and they were given the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Subjects were chosen by simple random sampling and divided into two groups of 25 experimental and control subjects. Before taking the post-test, the experimental group received hope therapy training. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and SPSS software. Results: There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding stress (F = 57.495, P < 0.001), problem-oriented strategy (F = 33.041, P < 0.001), excitement strategy (F = 28.491, P < 0.001), and circuit avoidance strategy (F = 87.138, P < 0.001) variables. As a result, it can be concluded that the intervention was effective, and the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test stage. Conclusion: Hope therapy has a good effect on reducing stress in patients with PC and can be used to reduce the negative psychological consequences and increase effective coping strategies with stress.

Background: Breast cancer is the most emotionally and psychologically affecting cancer among women, causing the patient to experience profound emotional and psychological difficulties. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of semantic therapy on death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, chronic pain acceptance, and pain intensity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The current study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and a control group. All patients with breast cancer referred to King Fahad General Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2019, comprised this study's statistical population of 218 individuals. Simple random sampling was used to select the statistical sample. Thus, 60 individuals were selected and divided into two groups. The experimental group was administered the intervention via semantic therapy. Two months after the post-test, the groups underwent a follow-up examination. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS software. Results: Semantic therapy positively affected dependent variables, including death anxiety (F = 52.067, P < 0.001), pain catastrophizing (F = 124.569, P < 0.001), chronic pain acceptance (F = 46.034, P < 0.001), and pain intensity (F = 156.413, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Semantic therapy decreases death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and pain intensity, while increasing chronic pain acceptance.

The experiment was conducted in the fields of northern Nasiriya City, Iraq, in 2020 to study the effect of adding four concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg ha-1) of chelate micronutrients fertilizer manufactured according to nanotechnology containing iron, zinc, manganese and boron with three concentrations (0, 1 and 2 kg ha-1) of seaweed fertilizer containing 46% organic matter and 4% amino acids on nutrients uptake of NPK and chemical properties of quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the experiment. The results showed the best significant response once using the F3 treatment (nano-chelated fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium absorbed in the grains) with an increase of 12.86, 127.27 and 98.64% respectively compared to other treatments. In addition, F3 treatment was recorded highest value (protein 17.01, ash 4.56 and fiber 2.23%), while F2 exhibited superior values (fat 5.54 % and moisture 8.63%). Moreover, the results showed that S2 treatment (seaweed) at 3 kg ha-1 was superior in most of the studied traits except for moisture and carbohydrates which was higher in the control treatment (9.06 and 68.14%) respectively.

In this report, we analyze a wild-caught Colias specimen from Kyrgyzstan with unusual wing pattern, which was provisionally identified as a natural hybrid between Colias christophi helialaica Schulte, 1988 and Colias cocandica cocandica Erschoff, 1874 due to its intermediate phenotype. Using one mitochondrial (COI barcode) and three nuclear (Ca-ATPase, H3 and CAD gene fragments) markers, we confirm its hybrid origin and demonstrate that this specimen is a hybrid between a female of Colias christophi helialaica and a male of Colias cocandica cocandica. Our study shows that an analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers can successfully discriminate natural hybrids in such a taxonomically challenging group of butterflies as the genus Colias.

Traditional treatments of cancer have faced various challenges, including toxicity, medication resistance, and financial burdens. On the other hand, bioactive phytochemicals employed in complementary alternative medicine have recently gained interest due to their ability to control a wide range of molecular pathways while being less harmful. As a result, we used a network pharmacology approach to study the possible regulatory mechanisms of active constituents of Cordia myxa for the treatment of liver cancer (LC). Active constituents were retrieved from the IMPPAT database and the literature review, and their targets were retrieved from the STITCH and Swiss Target Prediction databases. LC-related targets were retrieved from expression datasets (GSE39791, GSE76427, GSE22058, GSE87630, and GSE112790) through gene expression omnibus (GEO). The DAVID Gene Ontology (GO) database was used to annotate target proteins, while the Kyoto Encyclopedia and Genome Database (KEGG) was used to analyze signaling pathway enrichment. STRING and Cytoscape were used to create protein–protein interaction networks (PPI), while the degree scoring algorithm of CytoHubba was used to identify hub genes. The GEPIA2 server was used for survival analysis, and PyRx was used for molecular docking analysis. Survival and network analysis revealed that five genes named heat shot protein 90 AA1 (HSP90AA1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) are linked with the survival of LC patients. Finally, we conclude that four extremely active ingredients, namely cosmosiin, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and rubinin influence the expression of HSP90AA1, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for LC. These results were further validated by molecular dynamics simulation analysis, which predicted the complexes with highly stable dynamics. The residues of the targeted protein showed a highly stable nature except for the N-terminal domain without affecting the drug binding. An integrated network pharmacology and docking study demonstrated that C. myxa had a promising preventative effect on LC by working on cancer-related signaling pathways.

The possibility of the differentiation of glioblastoma from traumatic brain injury through blood serum analysis by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and machine learning was studied using a small animal model. Samples of a culture medium and a U87 human glioblastoma cell suspension in the culture medium were injected into the subcortical brain structures of groups of mice referred to as the culture medium injection groups and glioblastoma groups, accordingly. Blood serum samples were collected in the first, second, and third weeks after the injection, and their terahertz transmission spectra were measured. The injection caused acute inflammation in the brain during the first week, so the culture medium injection group in the first week of the experiment corresponded to a traumatic brain injury state. In the third week of the experiment, acute inflammation practically disappeared in the culture medium injection groups. At the same time, the glioblastoma group subjected to a U87 human glioblastoma cell injection had the largest tumor size. The THz spectra were analyzed using two dimensionality reduction algorithms (principal component analysis and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) and three classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine). Constructed prediction data models were verified using 10-fold cross-validation, the receiver operational characteristic curve, and a corresponding area under the curve analysis. The proposed machine learning pipeline allowed for distinguishing the traumatic brain injury group from the glioblastoma group with 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97% accuracy with the Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine. The most informative features for these groups’ differentiation were 0.37, 0.40, 0.55, 0.60, 0.70, and 0.90 THz. Thus, an analysis of mouse blood serum using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and machine learning makes it possible to differentiate glioblastoma from traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Background In recent years, special attention has been focused on the use of natural adsorbents as an alternative to replace the conventional adsorbents, based on both the environmental and the economical points of view. The study aimed to produce natural absorbent (activated carbon) from two local agricultural wastes: mango seeds (MS) and date stones (DS) and their uses in removal of contamination from fluid nutrient. Chemical properties such as ash content, moisture content, carbon content percentage and percentage of methylene blue reduction of the two samples were investigated. Results The results of study indicated that activated carbon produced from both MS and DS samples have the same pH value of 7 (neutral).The ash content of activated carbon prepared from mango seeds and date’s stones was 9.7 and 9.5%, respectively.Our statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05)for ash determinations, while the moisture content of (19.5 and 19.9%) was found for mango seeds and date's stones, respectively. There was no significant difference at p > 0.05 for moisture content of the two samples. A significant difference was observed in carbon contents for mango seeds (61.4%) and date's stones (21.8%) at p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference at p > 0.05 for moisture content of the two samples. Statistical analysis showed significance difference (p ≤ 0.05) for carbon determination for both samples. The results also indicated that there was significant correlation between reduction in methylene blue and percentage of activated carbon. Conclusions Activated carbon produced from MS and DS was found to be very effective in color removal and of acceptable quality in pH, carbon content, ash content, moisture content and solubility.

IntroductionDiabetes and thyroid dysfunction often co-exist. One autoimmune disorder always invites another and it has been reported that such co-morbid ailments always become detrimental to the health of the patients.Materials and methodsIn our previous work, we elucidated the interactions of diabetes and hypothyroidism on testicular development and spermatogenesis. However, the present study illuminates the interface between diabetes and hyperthyroidism, where 16 ICR pregnant primiparous mice were used and subsequently 48 male pups were randomly selected (n=12/group) and separated into 4 groups: control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic + hyperthyroidism (DH) and hyperthyroidism (H).ResultsComputerized sperm analyses showed significant reductions in count by 20% and increases of 15% in D and H animals, respectively, vs. controls. However, rapid progressive sperm motility was significantly lower only in D (30%) compared with C mice. Our histomorphometric investigation depicted damaging effects on testicular and epididymal tissues; the stroma adjacent to the seminiferous tubules of the D mice revealed edematous fluid and unstructured material. However, in the epididymis, germ cell diminution contraction of tubules, compacted principal and clear cells, lipid vacuolization, atypical cellular connections, exfoliated epithelial cells, and round spermatids were conspicuous in DH mice.DiscussionCollectively, our experiment was undertaken to ultimately better recognize male reproductive disorders in diabetic-hyperthyroid patients.

The economic efficiency of sheep breeding can be improved by enhancing sheep productivity. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) unveiled the potential impact of the MAST4 gene on prolificacy traits in Australian White sheep (AUW)). Herein, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 26 different sheep breeds worldwide (n = 1507), including diverse meat, wool, milk, or dual-purpose sheep breed types from China, Europe, and Africa, were used. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping of the MAST4 gene polymorphisms in (n = 566) Australian white sheep (AUW) was performed. The 3 identified polymorphisms were not homogeneously distributed across the 26 examined sheep breeds. Findings revealed prevalent polymorphisms (P3-ins-29 bp and P6-del-21 bp) with varying frequencies (0.02 to 0.97) across 26 breeds, while P5-del-24 bp was presented in 24 out of 26 breeds. Interestingly, the frequency of the P3-ins-29 bp variant was markedly higher in Chinese meat or dual-purpose sheep breeds, while the other two variants also showed moderate frequencies in meat breeds. Notably, association analysis indicated that all InDels were associated with AUW sheep litter size (p < 0.05). These results suggest that these InDels within the MAST4 gene could be useful in marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding.

The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 includes numerous taxa and forms with uncertain status and taxonomic position. Among such taxa are Colias mongola Alphéraky, 1897 and Colias tamerlana Staudinger, 1897, interpreted in the literature either as conspecific forms, as subspecies of different but morphologically somewhat similar Colias species or as distinct species-level taxa. Based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, we reconstructed a phylogeographic pattern of the taxa in question. We recover and include in our analysis DNA barcodes of the century-old type specimens, the lectotype of C. tamerlana deposited in the Natural History Museum (Museum für Naturkunde), Berlin, Germany (ZMHU) and the paralectotype of C. tamerlana and the lectotype of C. mongola deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP). Our analysis grouped all specimens within four (HP_I–HP_IV) deeply divergent but geographically poorly structured clades which did not support nonconspecifity of C. mongola–C. tamerlana. We also show that all studied females of the widely distributed haplogroup HP_II were infected with a single Wolbachia strain belonging to the supergroup B, while the males of this haplogroup, as well as all other investigated specimens of both sexes, were not infected. Our data highlight the relevance of large-scale sampling dataset analysis and the need for testing for Wolbachia infection to avoid erroneous phylogenetic reconstructions and species misidentification.

The article explores the position of the Zemstvo liberal party of northern Ukraine on the Jewish question in the Russian Empire in the 1880s. Based on little-known historical sources, the author reconstructs the public landscape in the north of Left-Bank Ukraine, where vivid discussions of the Jewish problem unfolded. A comparative analysis of the positions of the liberal and conservative Zemstvo circles demonstrated the main initiatives of the progressive Zemstvo, which fundamentally separated the aristocratic opposition fronda from the loyal authorities of the zemstvo environment. A detailed analysis of the primary sources shows that the liberal Zemstvo members strongly opposed the reactionary proposals of the conservatives - including a decisive rejection of punitive measures, the elimination of the civil inequality of the Jewish people in the Russian Empire, a fundamental change in state economic policy with the aim of comprehensive and wide-ranging reforms of social relations in the province, and a search for the harmonization of moral and spiritual relations in society. The publication examined the personal contribution of liberal Zemstvo party members of the Northern Left Bank to the development of a political philosophy for resolving the Jewish problem in the country, at the level of journalism of national importance, and at the level of the activities of the Chernihiv provincial commission on the Jewish question. The author demonstrates that the representatives of the Zemstvo opposition publicly opposed the slightest discrimination and restriction of civil rights and freedoms of Jews, considering such discrimination as manifestations of anti-Semitism and an insult of the Jewish people. The liberal partys reform plan for the conceptual solution of the Jewish question in the Russian Empire was an integral organic component of the broad socio-economic and ethno-political doctrine of state modernization.

The evolution of math Olympiad training for school students in Russia since the second half of the 20th century is analyzed in this article in the context of sociocultural transformations and changes in the post-industrial society’s didactic knowledge. A retrospective analysis of a large body of empirical data (organization charts and content of the All-Union and All-Russia Mathematical Olympiads for school students in 1974–2021 and the International Mathematical Olympiads in 1994–2020) reveals trends in the development of the mathematical Olympiad movement, in particular changes in the network infrastructure of mathematical Olympiads, objectives and content of Olympiad problems, Olympiad material design practices, and value-and-meaning orientations of math Olympiads. Accordingly, new approaches are proposed to prepare school students for math competitions. Analysis of changes allows substantiating the insufficiency of the “cognitive-reproductive” method of school student training widely applied both in Russia and beyond, which is based on a thematic principle of selecting problems by content and demonstrating examples of their solving to students. This method does not conform to the objectives of contemporary math competitions. Today, it is important to find and recognize the potential for mathematical creativity in solving problems within multidisciplinary professional spheres. The goal of modern Olympiad training is not only to teach school students a system of problem-solving procedures but also to promote their ability to identify the semantic structure of problems in order to pick adequate solving strategies. The assumption that Olympiad math problems can be classified by the logic of their solutions is supported by a relevant taxonomy of Olympiad math problem solving techniques.

Gonococcal septic arthritis is a rare condition that most frequently involves the interphalangeal joints of the hands, wrists, knees, and ankles. We report a case of monoarticular gonococcal septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint in the absence of pharyngeal or genitourinary symptoms in a patient with a history of arthropathy and intravenous drug use. This case report aims to describe the clinical features and management of gonococcal arthritis.

Background: Nursing is considered a difficult and stressful profession as it deals with the human aspects of health and illness, which can ultimately lead to job dissatisfaction and exhaustion. Aim: The study aims to find out the levels of burnout and resilience among nurses and compare them with other variables. The study also attempts to determine the relationships between burnout and resilience of nurses. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and the data was collected by utilizing a standardized questionnaire which was conducted through an electronic survey from nurses at public hospitals that were entirely or partially designated for treating COVID-19 cases. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The response rate was 92.7% to the questionnaires. The findings illustrated that 56.4% of them were female. The total mean and standard deviation scores for Maslach's Burnout Inventory were 64.8 (18.1), respectively. The resilience overall mean and standard deviation were 26.1 and (6.6). The results suggest that the work shift of nurses had a significant difference in the means compared with the total resilience at p-value p = 0.003. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses in Kirkuk city had a moderate level of burnout and resilience. Burnout and resilience were indicated as statistically related to the shift of working with the total resilience and hardness subscale.

The article gives a revision on the species group Dyspessa salicicola (Eversmann, 1848) (Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Cossinae). The group comprises six valid taxa, namely D. salicicola salicicola, D. salicicola aschabadensis Daniel, 1953, D. saissanica Yakovlev, 2014, D. kostjuki Yakovlev, 2005, D. arabesca Yakovlev, 2005 and D. muelleri Yakovlev, sp. nov. (type locality: “Nord Jordanien, Totes Meer-Ostufer, Wadi Ibn Hammad”), united by a specific habitus (the yellow forewing with a remarkable pattern of spots). Detailed data on the distribution of all the species are provided, short diagnoses are given. The article is illustrated with images of specimens from different localities and male genitalia of all the considered taxa.

The need for multi-gene analysis in evolutionary and taxonomic studies is generally accepted. However, the sequencing of multiple genes is not always possible. For various reasons, short mitochondrial DNA barcodes are the only source of molecular information for some species in many genera, although multi-locus data are available for other species of the same genera. In particular, such situation exists in the species-rich butterfly subgenus Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus). Here, we analyzed the partitioning of this subgenus into species groups by using three data sets. The first data set was represented by short mitochondrial DNA barcodes for all analyzed samples. The second and third data sets were represented by a combination of short mitochondrial DNA barcodes for part of the taxa with longer mitochondrial sequences COI + tRNA-Leu + COII (data set 2) and with longer mitochondrial COI + tRNA-Leu + COII and nuclear 5.8S rDNA + ITS2 + 28S rDNA sequences (data set 3) for the remaining species. We showed that the DNA barcoding approach (data set 1) failed to reveal the phylogenetic structure, resulting in numerous polytomies in the tree obtained. Combined analysis of the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences (data sets 2 and 3) revealed the species groups and the position within these species groups, even for the taxa for which only short DNA barcodes were available.

Introduction Mummies are the brown or black hydrocarbon that are produced deep layers of earth or mountain and contain a significant percentage of benzoic acid, humic acid, and folic acid, fatty acids, inulin, and resins. The mummy probably reduces the acidity of the digestive content and increases the activity of its microbial acid-loving population, and ultimately increases the digestibility of nutrients (protein and fat) and improves body weight gain. On the other hand, pulicariap gnaphalodes is an herbaceous, perennial, with straight stems, dense leaves and hazelnut fruit. The pulicariap gnaphalodes store energy in the form of fructan and inulin. The most active component of it is 8, 1-cinnamol (22.93%), alpha pinene (8.13%), amorphous-9, 4DN-2-L (8.36%), myrtenol (7.24%). Percent). Quercetin and its derivatives are the main flavonoids in pulicariap gnaphalodes. Inulin plays a prebiotic role in poultry diets and improves the intestinal environment. Improving the intestinal environment increases the immune response and growth performance. The strong antibacterial properties of Pulicaria gnaphalodes due to its polyphenolic compounds, especially quercetin, has the ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce feed conversion ratio. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of Pulicaria gnaphalodes extract and mummy on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, immune system and jejunal morphology of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods A total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks was used in 9 treatments (three levels of Pulicaria gnaphalodes extract (PGE) (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and three levels of mummy (0, 20 and 40 mg/L). 3 replicates, and 10 birds. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 3 × 3 factorial design. The growth performance indices were recorded at the end of each period of starter (1-10 days), grower (11-24 days), finisher (25-42 days). At the end of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to study the relative weight of the carcass components. The blood of two birds of each replicate were gathered, then the sera were extracted and freezed at -20 oC at 42 days. To study the jejunal morphology, a slice of 1 cm from the midpoint of jejunum from each slaughtered birds were separated, then it was placed in formalin until send laboratory. The statistical analyses were done with SAS software with GLM procedure. The Tukey test was used to compare average treatments.Results and Discussion The results showed that growth performance traits including feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio did not affect by the interaction effects of mummy powder and PGE, except for body weight gain index and feed conversion ratio that was affected at the finisher period. The highest weight gain was observed in broilers fed 20 mg of mummy + 200 mg of PGE compared to the control group. Mummies contain a significant percentage of benzoic acid, humic acid, and folic acid, fatty acids, inulin, and resins. The mummy probably reduces the acidity of the digestive content and increases the activity of its microbial acid-loving population, and ultimately increases the digestibility of nutrients (protein and fat) and improves body weight gain. The PGE also is an energy source in the form of inulin, inulin plays a prebiotic role in poultry diets and improves the intestinal environment. Improving the intestinal environment increases the immune response and growth performance. Due to its polyphenolic compounds, especially quercetin, PGE has the ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce feed conversion ratio. The mummy compares to control significantly increased carcass weight and breast relative weight (P

The paper presents new remarkable records of selected rare and uncommon Odonata species found in the Kaliningrad Oblast based primarily on our surveys conducted since 2007. Two species, Erythromma viridulum (Charpentier, 1840) and Anax ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839) are new to the region. The total number of Odonata species currently known for the territory of the Kaliningrad Oblast amounted to 66. Among them, 61 species have been recorded on the Courish (Curonian) Spit of the Baltic Sea.

Introduction[1] During decades, growth rate of broiler chickens was increased more than 4 times whereas growth rate of cardiovascular and respiratory tracts did not increase as muscle growth rate. Imbalance between oxygen consuming orangs and oxygen supplying organs led to increase metabolic disorders like ascites in broiler chickens. Low oxygen supplementation is the important factor in ascites syndrome by reducing arterial oxygen pressure and increasing pulmonary artery pressure. Increased pulmonary artery pressure led to hypertrophy of cardiac right ventricle and finally ascites incidence in broiler chickens during cold environment condition.Antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed are posing serious health risks to human health, because of their residual effects in poultry meat and eggs, as well as result pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics. Currently, poultry scientists are challenged to find out alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters with no side effects for poultry that could be more or as effective against harmful microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and to stimulate the growth by increasing the efficiency of feed utilization and to enhance the immunity. Regarding to this subject, supplementing the dietary herbs or plant extracts would stimulate the productive performance of poultry. One of the most frequently consumed herbal remedies available today is the hyssop preparations prepared from Hyssopus officinalis (L) which is gaining increased importance as a minty flavor, condiment and spices in food industries as well. The GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil led to the identification of 21 compounds representing 95.6% of the oil, comprising seven monoterpene hydrocarbons (32.3%), five oxygenated monoterpenes (60.5%), one phenol (0.2%) and six sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.35%). The major constituents of the camphorous predominant monoterpenes of the oil were pinocamphone (49.1%) >β-pinene (18.4%). According to the results of the studies, hyssop extract showed much weaker antioxidant activity as compared to the rosemary, sage, and thyme extracts in different methods of antioxidant evaluations. The aim of this study was comparing the effects of Hyssopus Officinalis powder, Virginiamycin antibiotic and Aspirin on performance, blood metabolites, carcass parameters and ileum microbial population of broiler chickens which subjected to cold stress were studied.Materials and Methods In a completely randomized design, a total of 500 male Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated to 5 treatments with 5 replicates and 20 birds in each. Dietary treatment consisted of: 1) control, 2 and 3) basal diet plus 300 g/ton Virginiamycin or Aspirin respectively and 4 and 5) basal diet containing 0.5 or one percent Hyssopus, respectively. The diets were formulated to meet the requirements of broilers as established by the Ross 308 broilers feeding guide in starter (1-11 d), grower (12-25 d) and finisher (26-42 d). The birds were kept under conventional conditions for vaccination, temperature, ventilation, and lighting based on Ross catalogue recommendations. Standard management practices of commercial broiler production were applied. The broiler diets were formulated based on standardized ileal digestible amino acids and other requirements were obtained from Ross catalogue recommendations. Broiler chicken performance (feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, total and ascytic mortality and European production efficiency factor), erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF), blood cell count and blood metabolites including triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL Cholesterol were measured at the 21 and 42 d of age. Carcass and abdominal fat percentage were calculated. Finally population of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli of ileum were detected.Results and Discussion As compared to control, inclusion of 1 percent Hyssopus increased feed intake (P < 0.05). Addition of Hyssopus and antibiotic increased weight gain, EPEF and decreased FCR compared to control and aspirin groups. Addition of one percent Hyssopus decreased red blood cell count, erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and heterophil percentage at 21 and 42 d of age as compared to control (P < 0.05). Escherichia coli population was reduced by antibiotic and one percent Hyssopus inclusion into broiler’ diet. Dietary treatments had no effect on WBC count, lymphocyte percentage, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, serum total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol and urea concentration of broiler chickens at 21 and 42 d of age, carcass, and thigh meat and abdominal fat percentages at 42 d of age (P > 0.05) whereas broiler chickens fed diet containing 0.5 and 1 % hyssopus powder had higher breast meat percentage.Conclusion In conclusion addition of aspirin or Hyssopus powder improved broiler chicken’s performance and decreased mortality due to ascites and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio in cold condition. Virginiamycin improved broiler chickens body weight gain in cold condition but due to probable drug resistance, it may suggest that Hyssopus supplementation in broiler diet as a good replacement for antibiotic in cold stress.

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the grave social and medical problems in many countries, including Russia. Alcohol not only negatively affects health, social and family relationships, but also a person’s performance. Hangover, which is a one of the negative consequences of alcohol intake, is a complex of neurological and somatic symptoms that occur when ethanol is almost completely metabolized to acetaldehyde. This condition, despite the severity and potential economic damage, remains poorly understood, and there are no effective medicines to treat it. Aim: to provide an experimental basis for the possibility of using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, as a medicine for prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments due to alcohol intoxication. Materials and Methods: The study used male Wistar rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg to simulate acute ethanol intoxication. Sixty minutes before the injection, the animals from the experimental groups were gavaged with NAC (1 g/kg) or with an equivalent volume of saline. Immediately after awakening and 3 h after it, the animals were assessed for neurological deficits, motor skills, spontaneous motor activity, and cognitive functions. After the completion of the behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized to assess the level of glutathione, triglycerides (TGs), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, and to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems and serum aminotransferases. Results and Discussion: The ethanol intoxication in the animals from the control group was associated with pronounced signs of neurological and cognitive impairments, including low spontaneous motor and exploratory activity, impaired fine motor skills in the adhesive test, and cognitive function decline in the Morris water maze test. The rats which had received NAC before ethanol injection demonstrated better fine motor skills in the adhesive test, a higher level of spontaneous motor activity and better performance in the Morris water maze test (in comparison to the animals treated with saline before alcohol intoxication). In the animals which had received NAC, the levels of glutathione, MDA, and TGs, as well as the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, were closer to the values of the intact rats to a greater extent than in the animals that had been injected with ethanol and received saline. Conclusion: Orally administered NAC before acute ethanol intoxication led to a decrease in the severity of neurological deficiency in rats and reduced the amnesic effect of ethanol. This could be due to an improvement of ethanol metabolism and a decrease in the severity of disorders associated with oxidative stress and liver dysfunction.

أبرزت الدراسات النقدية ما بعد البنيوية أهمية دراسة النصوص المحيطة بالنص بوصفها جزءاً مهما في عملية التلقي وفهم النصوص، على الرغم من أن هذا الموضوع تناوله القدماء من العرب والاوربيين الا أن الاهتمام به ظهر بشكل واضح بعد ظهور كتاب جيرار جينيت"عتبات" والذي فصل به عتبات النص او ما اطلق عليها النصوص الموازية. ومع تطور الدراسات السيميائية بدأ الاهتمام بدراسات النصوص الموازية بشكل أوسع وفي مختلف النصوص الأدبية وغير الأدبية ومنها النصوص الصحفية. ولما كانت المجلات المتخصصة إحدى الإصدارات الصحفية التي تتمتع بخصوصيتها في جانب الموضوعات والمتلقين، وتميزها بوجود الغلاف الذي يحمل سمات دالة على هوية المجلة، عمل الباحث على دراسة مكونات غلاف المجلة بكونها نصوصا موازية لابد للقاريء/المتلقي من المرور بها قبل الولوج الى النصوص المنشورة على صفحات العدد. وتعد المجلات الأدبية من المجلات المتخصصة التي تصنع نصوصها الموازية بشكل يجعلها دالة على التخصص بما يجعل الغلاف يؤدي وظيفة اتصالية، تبلغ المتلقين بطبيعة الموضوعات التي تتضمنها المجلة. وتناولت الدراسة مكونات غلاف مجلة الاديب العراقي الصادرة عن الاتحاد العام للادباء والكتاب في العراق، من الجانب السيميائي، لتحديد النصوص الموازية التي يتضمنها وهي اسم المجلة، والمعلومات المتعلقة بها، وجهة الإصدار، والصورة المرافقة، فضلا عن العنوانات المختارة للظهور على الغلاف. وتوصل الباحث الى أن غلاف المجلة يحمل علامات دالة على تخصصها في إحدى المجالات، و تتضمن هذه العلامات نصوصا موازية (عتبات) يمر عبرها القاريء الى الموضوعات المنشورة في المجلة، تنتمي الى ما يعرف بالنص المحيط النشري peritetfe editorial أي النص المتعلق بجهة النشر وليس كتّاب النصوص المنشورة في المجلة

Many types of mycotoxins are found in food sources contaminated with fungi, and if these are ingested in large quantities or over a long period, they can affect the health of humans and domestic animals. Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid with multiple pharmacological functions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of the plant alkaloid BBR on reducing toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in broilers by examining performance characteristics, blood biochemistry, antioxidant systems, ileum morphology, and histopathology of the liver. The experiment was performed with 288 Ross 308 broilers reared in floor pens for 42 d in a randomized design with 9 treatments. Each treatment was replicated 4 times, and each replicate contained 8 chicks. Experimental treatments included (1) negative control diet with no additives (NC); (2) NC + 2 ppm AFB (positive control AFB; PCAFB); (3) NC + 2 ppm OTA (positive control OTA; PCOTA); (4) PCAFB + 200 mg/kg BBR; (5) PCAFB + 400 mg/kg BBR; (6) PCAFB + 600 mg/kg BBR; (7) PCOTA + 200 mg/kg BBR; (8) PCOTA + 400 mg/kg BBR; and (9) PCOTA + 600 mg/kg BBR. Compared with NC, feeding PCAFB and PCOTA diets reduced average daily feed intake, weight gain, serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the length and width of ileum villi (P < 0.05). At the same time, these parameters increased in birds fed PCAFB or PCOTA diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg of BBR (P < 0.05). Feeding PCAFB and PCOTA diets increased feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, serum urea, and liver lesions compared with NC. By contrast, compared with PCAFB and PCOTA, adding 600 mg/kg BBR decreased FCR, AST, LDH, ALT, and GGT activities, urea, and liver lesions (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation with 600 mg/kg BBR may improve growth performance, liver function, and antioxidant status of broilers fed diets contaminated with AFB and OTA.