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The aim: The aim of the study was to determine the content of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the skin of rats of different ages after closure of the wound bed. Materials and methods: The studies were performed on 40 white nonlinear male rats, 20 of which were 3 months old and 20 – 12 months. In each group 10 rats were control and in 10 others facelift operations were performed and cut wounds on the anterior abdominal wall were simulated. On the day of complete healing, the animals were killed, and the skin was cut in the areas of the former wound bed. In control rats, the skin was excised in the same places. The content of MMPs was determined in the skin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In rats aged 3 months after re-epithelialization of the wound bed, the content of MMP-2 was 17,1% higher compared to control rats but the level of MMP-9 didn’t change. In control rats aged 12 months, the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the skin were 22,9% and 34,4% lower compared to control rats at 3 months of age. In rats 12 months of age after re-epithelialization of the wound bed, the content of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were 92,6% and 102,5% higher compared to control rats. Conclusions: We suggested that the violation of homeostasis between MMPs in rats 12 months of age disrupts wound healing and promotes the formation of pathological scars.

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at risk of thrombosis. Literature that compares the effectiveness of enoxaparin to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in COVID-19 patients is scarce. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of enoxaparin compared with UFH when used at their standard/intermediate dosing in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at a large COVID-19 center located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Confirmed COVID-19 cases (≥18 years old) admitted between January and December 2020 were randomly screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation, on chronic anticoagulation, had active bleeding, a platelet count 9/L, or an incomplete electronic file. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of any thrombotic event (pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, stroke, or myocardial infarction) or mortality. Secondary endpoints were major or minor bleeding. We applied inverse propensity score weighting (IPTW) with survival analysis to analyze the primary endpoint. Logistic regression was used for the secondary endpoint. Results: A total of 980 patients were included (enoxaparin, n = 470 and UFH, n = 510) with a mean age (±SD) of 47.7 (± 12.3) for the enoxaparin arm and 52 (±13.9) for the UFH arm. There was a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.46 (95%CI: 0.22 to 0.96, P = 0.039) in favor of the enoxaparin arm. There was no statistically significant difference in major or minor bleeding rates between the two arms. Conclusion and Relevance: When compared with UFH, enoxaparin was associated with a significant reduction in thrombotic events or mortality among COVID-19 patients. The results need confirmation from randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE The aim: Develop a classification of post-traumatic soft tissue defects of the hand to standardize the care of this group of patients. And in order to simplify the choice of plastic technic for post-traumatic soft tissue defects of the hand by surgeons and traumatologists. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We analyzed the treatment of 54 patients with hand injury and PTSTD. 14 physicians used AFC in the choice of surgical method for the closure of PTSTDH. The practical application of AFC and effectiveness of providing medical care to patients with PTSTDH was performed on a ten-point scale by anonymous questioning immediately at the time of discharge from the hospital and 6 months after the injury. RESULTS Results: The results of the practical application analysis of AFC by physicians were as follows: «convenience» - 8.7 ± 0.6; «usefulness» is 9.4 ± 0.2. The results of treatment for 54 patients were: hands «functionality» - 8,3 ± 0,4, «aesthetics» - 7,6 ± 1,7. The results in the retrospective group, in which the AFC was not applied, were as follows: «functionality» - 6.8 ± 0.7, and «aesthetics» - 5.6 ± 1.1. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The proposed AFC of PTSTDH help to choose the proper method of surgical management and get good results.

OBJECTIVE The aim: The aim of the research was to study the features of the ultrastructure of the skin of white rats 60 and 90 days after modeling of portal hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The investigations were performed on male white nonlinear rats. The animals of the first (control) group underwent a sham operation. In rats of the second group, portal hypertension was simulated by applying a ligature to the portal vein. 60 and 90 days after the start of the experiment, a biopsy was taken from the anterior abdominal wall for electron microscopy research. RESULTS Results: It was shown that skin in intact animals (control group) was of typical structure before beginning of experiment and 60 and 90 days after a sham operation. 60 days after the start of the experiment, we found severe edema of the basal and spinous layer of the epidermis, breakdown of intercellular contacts, edema of endotheliocytes, their perivascular edema, leukocytes infiltration, edema of mitochondria and lysosomes. 90 days after the start of the experiment, ultrastructural changes in the skin were more pronounced. Ultrastructural changes of microvessels were characterized by narrowed lumen. Endothelial cells had significant edema. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Тhe data obtained should be taken into account when performing surgical interventions to prevent complications in the formation of the scar.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aop-10.1177_10600280221115299 for Effectiveness and Safety of Enoxaparin Versus Unfractionated Heparin as Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Real-World Evidence by Lina H. AlLehaibi, Mukhtar Alomar, Abdulaziz Almulhim, Sarah Al-Makki, Nazar R. Alrwaili, Shahad Al-Bassam, Semat Alsultan, Jenan Al Saeed, Mohammad Alsheef, Ivo Abraham and Ahmad Alamer in Annals of Pharmacotherapy

The aim: The aim of the research was to study the features of the ultrastructure of the skin of white rats 60 and 90 days after modeling of portal hypertension.Materials and methods: The investigations were performed on male white nonlinear rats. The animals of the first (control) group underwent a sham operation. In rats of the second group, portal hypertension was simulated by applying a ligature to the portal vein. 60 and 90 days after the start of the experiment, a biopsy was taken from the anterior abdominal wall for electron microscopy research.Results: It was shown that skin in intact animals (control group) was of typical structure before beginning of experiment and 60 and 90 days after a sham operation. 60 days after the start of the experiment, we found severe edema of the basal and spinous layer of the epidermis, breakdown of intercellular contacts, edema of endotheliocytes, their perivascular edema, leukocytes infiltration, edema of mitochondria and lysosomes. 90 days after the start of the experiment, ultrastructural changes in the skin were more pronounced. Ultrastructural changes of microvessels were characterized by narrowed lumen. Endothelial cells had significant edema.Conclusions: Тhe data obtained should be taken into account when performing surgical interventions to prevent complications in the formation of the scar.

The aim: Develop a classification of post-traumatic soft tissue defects of the hand to standardize the care of this group of patients. And in order to simplify the choice of plastic technic for post-traumatic soft tissue defects of the hand by surgeons and traumatologists.Materials and methods: We analyzed the treatment of 54 patients with hand injury and PTSTD. 14 physicians used AFC in the choice of surgical method for the closure of PTSTDH. The practical application of AFC and effectiveness of providing medical care to patients with PTSTDH was performed on a ten-point scale by anonymous questioning immediately at the time of discharge from the hospital and 6 months after the injury.Results: The results of the practical application analysis of AFC by physicians were as follows: «convenience» - 8.7 ± 0.6; «usefulness» is 9.4 ± 0.2. The results of treatment for 54 patients were: hands «functionality» - 8,3 ± 0,4, «aesthetics» - 7,6 ± 1,7. The results in the retrospective group, in which the AFC was not applied, were as follows: «functionality» - 6.8 ± 0.7, and «aesthetics» - 5.6 ± 1.1.Conclusions: The proposed AFC of PTSTDH help to choose the proper method of surgical management and get good results.

The results showed the efficacy of bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum and their mixture in inhibiting the soft rot disease caused by the bacteria Pectobacterium carotovorum and reducing the percentage of the disease, as the treatment of using pathogen and the mixture of the two types of bacteria A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens and significantly different from the other treatments as the injury rate reached 26.6%, and the results showed that the use of A.chroococcum treatment was superior to the other treatments in increasing the chlorophyll content, reaching 46.59 mg. L-1, The treatment of using bacteria A. chroococcum showed a superiority in the number of marketable tubers, reaching 4.5 tuber / plant, and the lowest number of non-marketable tubers, reaching 1.09 tuber / plant, and the highest average weight of the marketable tubers was 947.05 g / plant. in the treatment of using a mixture of A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens and the treatment of using A. chroococcum, which amounted to 928.51 g / plant, with a significant difference from all other treatments, while the treatment of using bacteria A. chroococcum gave the lowest weight in the yield of a single unmarketable plant reached 41.95 g / plant.