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Introduction: Long-term storage of semen is essential for achieving the benefits of artificial insemination (Tuncer et al. 2010). This is carried out by sperm cryopreservation, which stops the sperm metabolic activities, allowing long storage (Bailey et al. 2000). This process affects the sperm quality (Wang et al. 1991) by introducing mechanical and chemical damage, production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and reducing antioxidant activity (cysteamine is an aminothiol antioxidant as an effective scavenger). Cysteamine is known to have been reported in some studies to improve the freezing of ram sperm (Bucak et al. 2007). The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant effects of cysteamine on the functional parameters of cysteamine in Lake Extender based on soybean lecithin. Material and methods This study was carried out in University of Tabriz research station. For this purpose, 15 adult roosters (25 weeks old) were used. Sperm collection was done by dorsal-abdominal massage. The roosters were habituated for one month and sperm collection was performed twice a week. First, sperm were examined for volume, concentration and color, and only samples with volume of 0.2 to 0.7 mL and motility ≥80% and concentration above 3×109 were used. To eliminate the individual effects, the confirmed samples were pooled. Four levels containing control, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 μM cysteamine were then added to Lake Extender containing (one part of semen and four of extender). The cooling process was carried out in two steps. The samples were adjusted to 4°C for two hours. Samples were transferred to the refrigerator for one more hour, then they were drawn into 0.25 mL straws, placed 4 cm above nitrogen vapor for 7 min, and immersed in liquid nitrogen. They were stored in liquid nitrogen until further analysis. For assessment, the cryopreserved straws were thawed in a water bath at 37 °C for 30 s. The motility parameters were evaluated using CASA, viability by Eosin-Nigrosin staining, membrane integrity by Host tests, sperm abnormality by Hancock test and lipid peroxidation by MDA. Results and discussion: Based on the results (Table 2), addition of 30 and 0.45 μM significantly increased total motility and 0.30 μM level improved progressive motility, VAP, VSL and VCL parameters (P

Introduction: Drought is one of the major limitation on food production worldwide (Hu et al., 2020), which is a growing problem caused by an increasing world population. In wheat cultivation in the Mediterranean climate, mainly the stages of flowering and grain filling are exposed with drought stress. Drought stress reduces the yield of wheat in all growth stages, but its negative effect on grain yield is very severe in the stages of flowering and grain filling. Terminal drought and moisture stress are the main factors of wheat yield reduction under rainfed condition compared to irrigation conditions in Iran. Therefore, one solution to increase the yield is the breeding under drought stress conditions. Due to the low heritability of yield and the complex mechanisms of drought tolerance, little progress has been made in wheat grain yield under drought conditions. Therefore, the grain yield of wheat should be improved indirectly through improving the traits that greatly affect grain yield. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the quantity and quality of relationships between different traits and grain yield under rainfed conditions. The use of multivariate statistical methods such as path analysis and canonical correlation analysis can help to identify important and effective traits in determining seed yield. This research was carried out with the aim of finding effective agronomical traits on yield and investigating the relationship between these traits and physiological traits under rainfed conditions. Materials and methods: In order to determine the effective trait on wheat grain yield under rainfed conditions and investigate the relationship between agronomic and physiological traits, an experiment was conducted with 21 lines along with Baran, Hashtroud and Sardari cultivars as control in the form of a randomized complete blocks design in four replications during two years at Khodabande Rainfed Research Station. Plant height (PLH), Day to Heading (DHE), Day to physiological maturity (DMA) at the same time as peduncle yellowing, 1000 grain weight and yield after physiological maturity were measured. To determine the variability between the studied genotypes, descriptive parameters and compound variance analysis were performed based on the expected of mean square, the effects of year and replication was randomly considered and the effect of genotype as a fixed effect using SAS (9.4) software. Simple correlation analysis, path analysis and canonical correlation analysis were used to determine the relationship between traits and to determine effective traits. Results and discussion: ANOVA showed significant difference between genotypes in terms of all studied traits. Simple correlation analysis showed 19 significant correlation and other correlation were not significant. There is a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and Photosynthesis rate, height and 1000-grain weight, but the relationship between day to heading and grain yield was negative and significant. Path analysis revealed that day-to-heading and day-to-maturity traits with -1.05 and 0.84 had the most direct and negative direct effects on grain yield, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis also showed a significant canonical correlation (r = 0.74) between the set of physiological traits and agronomic traits. According to the results of this study, it was found that agronomic traits of day to heading, day to maturity and height are effective in determining grain yield under dryland conditions. Conclusion: The investigation of the relationship between traits also showed that selection for physiological traits such as transpiration rate and lower stomatal conductance led to selection of genotypes with high height, low day to heading and shorter growth period and finally higher yield under rainfed conditions.Therefore, genotypes with shorter growth periods that can escape terminal-season stresses and lose less water by closing stomata are suitable for high yields under rainfed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narges Ziaei,1 Sajjad Hosseinpour,1 Hesamedin Nazari,2 Mansour Rezaei,3 Khansa Rezaei4 1Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 3Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 4Educational Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCorrespondence: Khansa RezaeiEducational Development Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Blvd, Kermanshah 67146-73159, IranTel +989189333405Email khansarezaei@gmail.comIntroduction: Halitosis as a common dental problem results in psychological social problems and relates to many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of halitosis and its associated factors among students aged from 14 to 18 years in Kermanshah in 2015.Materials and methods: The study was conducted in high school students of Kermanshah city in 2015. The questionnaire including questions about bad breath and other associated factors (demographic information, background diseases, oral and dental problems, decay-missing-filled (DMF) index, etc.) was completed by students or determined by the examiner. Organoleptic evaluation was conducted. Prevalence of organoleptic and self-reported halitosis and related factors was reported. The relationship between malodor and variables was evaluated and the most important factor was determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic agreement between self-perception and organoleptic halitosis was assessed using Kappa coefficient as well.Results: The prevalence of halitosis in the organoleptic evaluation was 29.75% and higher in boys (32.6% male vs. 25.2% female) and 27.47% in self-perception (32.9% male vs. 19% female). The diagnostic agreement between organoleptic and self-perception halitosis was moderate or poor. Among the studied factors, the most important factor related to the organoleptic evaluation of halitosis was DMF≥4 (P

Background: Microangiopathy and macroangiopathy frequently coexist in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both types of the vascular complications share traditional risk factors but it is not clear whether the presence of microangiopathy, such as diabetic retinopathy, constitutes a predictor of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries in patients with the disease. In this study we looked for the association between diabetic retinopathy and intima-media thickness in carotid arteries of patients with T2DM. Methods: In this case-control study we examined 100 consecutive patients with T2DM in Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2009-2010. We assessed intima-media thickness of carotid arteries by ultrasonography. All patients underwent ophthalmo-logic examination. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was found in 50 (50%) patients. Intima-media thickness was higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than those without it (0.77±0.17 mm vs. 0.71±0.2 mm, respectively, P=0.041). Moreover, intima-media thickness was more prevalent in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy than patients with non-proliferative form of the disease (0.87±0.16 mm vs. 0.68±0.1 mm, respectively, P

Abstract Background and objectives: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD deficiency (an X-linked recessive hereditary disease) is an inherited condition affecting approximately 3% of the people globally. This deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and jaundice in neonates. The goal of this study is to detect the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in neonates referred to Semnan province screening lab Material and Methods: This cross sectional study, from 2007 to 2010, was conducted on the basis of country planned program and in line with neonatal screening tests. Blood samples were taken from the heels of 3-5 day neonates. Assessment of G6PD was done by rapid fluorescent spot test. The Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in boys and girls was compared by chi square (p

"n Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1":*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Background: A high percentage of the patients at ENT or plastic surgery clinics have ENT abnormalities, either congenital or those developing later in life. Some are life threatening, while others cause disability and esthetic problems, with profound consequences for the affected child and the family. In addition, ENT abnormalities usually place stress on interpersonal relationships, causing social isolation, unhappiness and depression. The majority of these abnormalities is genetic and follows autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Geneticists believe that there is a higher frequency of autosomal recessive disorders among the offspring of consanguineous parents. The aim of this study was to find the frequency of ENT abnormalities among children born of consanguineous parents."n"n Methods: We studied 3503 files (pedigrees) of patients referred for genetic counseling at the Department of Genetics at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 1999 to 2000. We studied these cases according to degree of parental consanguinity, patterns of inheritance and gender using SPSS v.15."n"n Results: Of all 3503 files, 206 had ENT abnormalities, of which 157 had consangui-neous marriages. Among these 157 pedigrees, 496 cases had consanguineous parents. Out of the 496 cases, the four most frequent ENT abnormalities were: 115 cases (23.2%) of deafness, 53 cases (10.7%) of hearing loss, 12 cases (2.4%) of cleft lip and palate, and 5 cases (1%) of cleft palate."n"n Conclusion: This high frequency of ENT abnormalities indicates that consanguineous marriage should be discouraged by Iranian policy makers in order to reduce the burden of these disorders on society. Further research into the cultural problems that encourage consanguineous marriage and ways of resolving these problems is recommended. "nKeywords: Consanguineous marriages, head and neck, abnormalities, deafness.

A study was conducted on the effects of egg size OR length, weight, growth and survival of prelarval and early feeding stages of 19 female breeders of Persian sturgeon. The results showed that egg size can affect the total length and weight of prelarvae and there were positive and significant correlation between egg size and total length of prelarvae at the hatching stage and at 2,4,6,8 and 10 days post hatching (P0.05). There were also positive and significant correlation between egg size and volume of yolk sac at hatching (P0.05). However, during the first feeding stage the correlation between egg size and survival was very weak.

Background: The efficiency of ovine in vitro embryo production remains low yet. Aims: The present study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of gamma (γ)-oryzanol in maturation or culture media on in vitro ovine oocytes and embryo developments. Methods: Morphologically normal COCs were aspirated from ovine ovaries, subjected to maturation media supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM γ-oryzanol, then processed for conventional in vitro fertilization and culture to assess their potential to cleave and develop to blastocyst. Another group of COCs was matured and fertilized. Presumptive zygotes were subjected to culture in drops of media supplemented with 0, 2.5, 10, 20, and 50 μM γ-oryzanol, and the developments of embryos were assessed under 7% and 20% O2 levels. A control group of no supplementation was included in each experiment. Results: The expansion of cumulus cover and survival rate tended to decrease with concentrations of 20, 50, and 100 μM in maturation media, suggesting an overdose effect. The cleavage and total blastocyst rates were significantly higher for oocytes matured at 5 μM γ-oryzanol. The presumptive zygotes cultured in supplemented media showed significantly higher cleavage and total blastocyst rates with concentrations of 5 and 10 μM γ-oryzanol (P<0.04) in both 7% and 20% O2 levels. Conclusion: These results represent the first study showing a significant positive effect of the γ-oryzanol supplement on in vitro ovine oocyte and embryo development, at optimal concentrations of 5 μM in maturation, and 5 and 10 μM in embryo culture media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a debilitating disease that every one is likely to experience over a short or long term period of his or her life."nMethods and Materials: This study aimed to examine the one - month prevalence of anxiety and depression in Tehranian resident population. 1070 men and women (age 20-65) were screened by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Then, those who scored above the cut - off point were psychiatrically interviewed. The interviewers were blind to the respondents' scores on BDI; 5% of the total sample were also added to the list of those to be interviewed. Interviewers were the third year psychiatric residents at Roozbeh hospital. Tehran, especially trained for this research's purpose."nResults: The results showed women (BDI- 12.16) are more depressed than men (BDI- 8.47). Furthermore, men (%16.7) were less likely to have depession disorders than women (% 30.50)."nConclusion: We will discuss discrepancies between (the present results and the results from previous research by others).

The tectonic activity in the Alborz mountain range, northern Iran, is due both to the northward convergence of central Iran toward Eurasia, and to the northwestward motion of the South Caspian Basin with respect to Eurasia inducing a left-lateral wrenching along this range. These two mechanisms give rise to a NNE-SSW transpressional regime, which is believed to have affected the entire range for the last 5 [+ or -] 2 m.y. In this paper, we show that the internal domain of central Alborz is not affected by a transpressional regime but by an active transtension with a WNW-ESE extensional axis. We show that this transtension is young (middle Pleistocene). It postdates an earlier N-S compression and may have been initiated when the South Caspian Basin started moving. Consequently, our results suggest that the South Caspian Basin motion may have taken place more recently than previously proposed. Keywords: Iran, central Alborz, South Caspian Basin, active tectonics, transtension.