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High intensity resistance training (HIRT) effect on both cortisol and testosterone and contributes to improved performance in football players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight-week HIRT intervention on cortisol and testosterone of male university football players. For this purpose, 24 football players between the ages of 19 and 25 were recruited. Blood Samples of 12 players were collected before and after eight weeks of HIRT. While, remaining 12 players were considered as controls and did not underwent HIRT. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. The findings of current study revealed that cortisol had significantly declined after HIRT group. Whereas, testosterone levels demonstrated significant elevation after eight weeks of HIRT intervention. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in cortisol and testosterone in the control group. This study's results concluded that eight weeks of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) improved the performance of university male football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Shruti. Jain, Nazia. Nazir, Shipra. Singh, Suveer. Sharma Background and Aims: Low-volume high-concentration bupivacaine irrigation of the peritoneal cavity has been reported to be ineffective for short-term analgesia after [...]

Background: Distress amongst health care providers is nowadays a topic of interest globally, however in Pakistan, the link between stress and medical profession during COVID-19 pandemic is still understudied. Objective: To assess the level of stress, resilience and moral distress among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Study type, settings & duration: A cross sectional study was carried out at Allied hospital, DHQ Hospital and Government General Hospital, Faisalabad affiliated with Faisalabad Medical University from March to June 2020. Methodology: A total of 106 health care professionals participated who worked during COVID-19 pandemic. Results: About 25 (23.6%) of frontline workers had mild, 78 (73.6%) moderate and 3 (2.8%) severe level of anxiety. However, 45.3% of participants reported higher resilience. Similarly, regarding moral distress, 45 (42.5%) experienced mild, 19 (17.9%) distressed and 6 (5.6%) had worst moral distress. Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, the health care providers reported higher extent of stress and moral distress. Moreover, resilience showed an inverse relationship with stress and moral distress highlighting importance of resilience building to lower the intensity of stress and moral distress faced by health care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Benefits of regional anesthesia can be prolonged by adding adjuvants to local anesthetics. This study was designed to test the efficacy of adding nalbuphine to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade using ultrasound (US) guidance. Methodology: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study involving sixty patients of either sex undergoing elective orthopedic procedures of upper limb. In control Group C (n = 30), 30 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine + 1 mL normal saline and in study Group N (n = 30), 30 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine + 1 mL (10 mg) nalbuphine were used for giving supraclavicular block under US guidance. Parameters assessed were onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia (DOA), and any adverse events. Data between the groups were analyzed using independent t-test with SPSS 16.0 software. Results: In Group N, there was a statistically significant shorter time to onset of sensory blockade (4.89 ± 1.5 vs. 14.62 ± 1.73 min, P = 0.000), longer duration of sensory block (373.17 ± 15.56 min vs. 157.82 ± 11.02 min, P = 0.000), shorter onset time to achieve motor block (8.83 ± 1.9 min vs. 18.76 ± 1.75 min, P = 0.000), longer duration of motor block (313.92 ± 16.22 min vs. 121.87 ± 16.62 min, P = 0.000), and prolonged analgesia (389.33 ± 14.52 min vs. 171.65 ± 19.79 min, P = 0.000). Conclusion: Nalbuphine when added to bupivacaine as an adjuvant in supraclavicular block significantly shortened the onset of sensory and motor block and enhanced the duration of sensory and motor block and DOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical procedure for treating sinus diseases. Bleeding is a common concern during FESS, so maintaining hemodynamic stability and ensuring quality surgical field visibility is crucial for achieving the best outcomes. The present study compared the time taken to achieve target mean arterial pressure (MAP) when using dexmedetomidine or labetalol during FESS and assessed the quality of the surgical field to establish the better choice of the two. Methodology: The study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study. Sixty patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, undergoing FESS under general anesthesia, were divided into two groups, each with 30 patients. Group D patients received dexmedetomidine and Group L received labetalol. The study aimed to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 60-70 mmHg. The operative field visibility was assessed using the Fromme and Boezaart scoring system. Emergence time and postoperative first analgesic request time were also recorded. Results: The time taken to achieve target MAP (60-70 mmHg) was less in Group D (15.1 ± 0.2 min) than in Group L (18.2 ± 0.5 min), and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Although insignificant, lower MAP were observed in the Group D than Group L. A significantly lower heart rate was observed at defined intervals in Group D than in Group L. The visibility of the surgical field in both groups has comparable results. The first analgesic request time was considerably longer in Group D (52.2 ± 1.9) compared to Group L (10.2 ± 2.1) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine provided better hemodynamic stability and operative field visibility than Labetalol during FESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the Frequency of psychiatric illnesses in patients with neurological conditions, and to take their opinion about psychiatric disorders., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to August 30, 2021, at the Neurology Outpatient Department of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged 12-70 years from among those visiting the outpatient clinic. Data was collected through interviews and the 41-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 21., Results: Of the 201 patients, 160(79.6%) were females and 41(20.4%) were males. The overall mean age was 34.5+/- 9.38 years. Primary neurological problem was headache 119(59.2%). Overall, 155(77.2%) patients met the criteria of psychiatric disorders; 55(27.4%) anxiety, 37(19.4%) had depressive disorder, 42(20.8%) mixed anxiety depressive disorder, and 19(9.5%) had other psychiatric illnesses. Also, 101(50.2%) patients lacked awareness about psychiatry illnesses, 35(17.4%) had fear of stigma, and 28(13.9%) had misconceptions., Conclusions: The frequency of psychiatric disorders among those visiting the neurology outpatient department was high, and was associated with negative views about such illnesses.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived social support and psychological well-being in patients with epilepsy. The study was conducted, from January to December 2019, after ethical approval from the research ethical committee of FMU (Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad). A sample of 90 patients, attending free epilepsy camp in Mujahid Hospital Madina Town Faisalabad and psychiatry OPD of government General hospital G.M. Abad Faisalabad, was collected by using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Urdu version). Moreover, Psychological well-being was assessed by Ryff Scale. Statistical analysis was done through data Correlation and T-test SPSS version 21. A positive correlation between psychological well-being and perceived social support in epileptic patients was established (p<0.001). This study concludes that on the one hand, strong social support enhances psychological well-being, while, on the other hand, both these factors collaboratively improve the mental health of PWE, thus promoting a better outcome.

Background: Occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in COVID-19 patients has not been extensively studied., Aim: The present study was conducted to analyze the pattern of suspected ADRs in the COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU)., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the individual case study reports of patients admitted to the COVID ICU (August-October 2020) were analyzed for type of ADRs, system involved, suspected drug, onset time, time to revert and management., Results: Thirty six patients (out of 395 patients admitted) experienced 44 ADRs. Dermatological manifestations were the most frequent ADRs. Remdesivir was the most common drug associated with ADRs. The female gender, polypharmacy (>5 drugs) and presence of comorbidities were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of ADRs., Conclusion: Use of many of these drugs in COVID-19 is experimental and the literature does not guarantee their safety and efficacy. During these times of uncertainty, the results from the present study reinforce the importance of monitoring patients., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: The procedures of introducing an airway by intubation are associated with increased risk of aerosolisation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, posing a high risk to the personnel involved. Newer and novel methods such as the intubation box have been developed to increase the safety of healthcare workers during intubation., Methods Design: In this study, 33 anaesthesiologist and critical care specialists intubated the trachea of the airway manikin (US Laerdal Medical AS™) 4 times using a King Vision ® videolaryngoscope and TRUVIEW PCD™ videolaryngoscope (with and without an intubation box as described by Lai). Intubation time was primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were first-pass intubation success rate, percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score and peak force to maxillary incisors., Results: Intubation time and the number of times a click was heard during tracheal intubation were considerably higher in both groups when an intubation box was used (Table 1). When comparing the two laryngoscopes, the King Vision ® videolaryngoscope enabled much less time to intubate than did the TRUVIEW laryngoscope, both with and without the intubation box. (P<0.001) In both laryngoscope groups, first-pass successful intubation was higher without the intubation box, although the difference was statistically insignificant. POGO score was not affected by intubation box but a higher score was observed with King Vision ® laryngoscope (Tables 1,2)., Conclusion: This study indicates that use of an intubation box makes intubation difficult and increases the time needed to perform it. King Vision ® videolaryngoscope results in lesser intubation time and better glottic view as compared to TRUVIEW laryngoscope., (© 2021 Nazia Nazir, published by Sciendo.)

Objective: To analyse the prevalence of stress among doctors serving at various public and private hospitals., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at four public and private hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan, from July to December 2019, and comprised doctors with at least one year of professional service. Data was collected using the Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS 20., Results: Of the 162 respondents, 87(53.7%) were males and 75(46.3%) were females. The females had significantly higher (p<0.05) perceived stress scores compared to the males. Age, number of years in job, and number of children had negative correlation with stress scores (p<0.05). Stress was significantly low in doctors who managed to usually get time-out for relaxation (p<0.01) and in those doing private practice (p<0.05). The effect of doctor's marital status, type of specialty and residence was not significant (p>0.05)., Conclusions: Younger doctors, particularly females, in their early career were found to have higher perceived stress scores compared to their senior colleagues with more children and well-established private practice.