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International audience; In this paper, we propose a new strategy , called Text Deconvolution Saliency (TDS), to visualize linguistic information detected by a CNN for text classification. We extend Deconvolution Networks to text in order to present a new perspective on text analysis to the linguistic community. We empirically demonstrated the efficiency of our Text Decon-volution Saliency on corpora from three different languages: English, French, and Latin. For every tested dataset, our Text Deconvolution Saliency automatically encodes complex linguistic patterns based on co-occurrences and possibly on grammatical and syntax analysis.

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) activation triggers an immune checkpoint resulting in inhibition of T cells that leads to peripheral tolerance. Some PD-1 polymorphisms have been described and associated with the development of autoimmune diseases or cancer predisposition, but there are few data concerning the relevance of such polymorphisms on the clinical outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT). We analyzed the distribution of the SNPs PD-1.1G/A (rs36084323) and PD-1.3G/A (rs11568821) genotypes of the donor in a cohort of 1485 alloHSCT from HLA-identical sibling donors. We found an increased risk of grades II to IV graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in patients receiving grafts from donors homozygous for the G allele at the rs36084323 SNP (P = 0.033; hazard ratio [HR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 4.8) and also from donors homozygous for the A allele at the rs11568821 position (P

In recent years, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become an alternative to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) as well as for prevention and treatment of deep venous thrombosis. Pivotal trials have demonstrated non-inferiority and potential superiority compared to warfarin, which increases the options of anticoagulant treatment. In our setting, the Anticoagulant Treatment Units (ATUs) and Primary Care Centres (PCCs) play an important role in the education, follow-up, adherence control and management in special situations of anticoagulated patients. These considerations have motivated us to elaborate the present consensus document that aims to establish clear recommendations that incorporate the findings of scientific research into clinical practice to improve the quality of care in the field of anticoagulation.A group of experts from the Catalan Thrombosis Group (TROMBOC@T) reviewed all published literature from 2009 to 2016, in order to provide recommendations based on clinical evidence.As a result of the project, a set of practical recommendations have been established that will facilitate treatment, education, follow-up and management in special situations of anticoagulated patients with ACODs.Progressive increase in the use of DOACs calls for measures to establish and homogenise clinical management guidelines for patients anticoagulated with DOACs in ATUs and PCCs.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) plays a key inhibitory role during T lymphocyte activation. The CTLA4 gene is translated into two proteic isoforms: a full-length protein (flCTLA-4) and a soluble counterpart. We explored the expression of both isoforms on healthy subjects. Whereas in non-stimulated cells the flCTLA-4 isoform is predominant, after stimulation the expression of the soluble form rapidly increases, reaching its maximum 24h after and falling again to the basal levels 72 h after stimulation. In contrast, the flCTLA-4 mRNA levels increase is slower, reaching the maximum level 72 h after stimulation. The presence of the T allele in the promoter positions -1722 and -318 is associated with an increased transcriptional activity and this effect seems to be synergic. We conclude that the kinetics of CTLA-4 isoform expression are sequential, and that the promoter polymorphisms -1722(C/T) and -318(C/T) are involved in the control of the CTLA4 transcription.

Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos En los ultimos anos los anticoagulantes orales directos (ACOD) se han convertido en una alternativa a los antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) para la prevencion del ictus y embolia sistemica en pacientes con fibrilacion auricular no valvular (FANV), asi como para la prevencion y tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda. Los ensayos clinicos han demostrado la no inferioridad y la potencial superioridad en comparacion con la warfarina, lo cual permite ampliar las opciones de anticoagulacion. En nuestro medio, las Unidades de Tratamiento Anticoagulante (UTA) y los Centros de Atencion Primaria (CAP) son los encargados de la educacion, seguimiento, control de adherencia y del manejo en situaciones especiales de los pacientes anticoagulados. Estas consideraciones han motivado la preparacion del presente documento de consenso, que tiene como objetivo establecer recomendaciones que incorporen los hallazgos de la investigacion cientifica a la practica clinica para mejorar la calidad asistencial en el ambito de la anticoagulacion. Material y metodos Un grupo de expertos del Grupo Catalan de Trombosis (TROMBOC@T) ha revisado la bibliografia publicada entre 2007 y 2016 para poder establecer recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia clinica. Resultados Como resultado del proyecto se han establecido un conjunto de recomendaciones de caracter practico que facilitaran el tratamiento, educacion, seguimiento y manejo en situaciones especiales de los pacientes anticoagulados con ACOD. Conclusiones El aumento progresivo del uso de los ACOD requiere establecer y homogeneizar las directrices de actuacion clinica en el paciente anticoagulado con estos antitromboticos tanto en las UTA como en los CAP.