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Flooding of urban areas is a worldwide problem as cities grow and the amount of impermeable surfaces increase generating more surface runoff. In the Zambian city of Ndola, the capital of the Copperbelt Province, flooding occurs in some parts of the city especially on Dag Hammarskjöld Drive at the underbridge, which has been flooding every rainy season consecutively for 8 years now. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the storm water drainage system and management for Ndola Central Business Area (CBA) and to determine the possible changes, to avoid or minimise yearly flooding of the underbridge area. Both hard and soft solutions approach were employed. The procedure comprised of field study, data collection, modelling and analysis. It was concluded that the major problem with the system are blockages resulting from garbage being thrown into the system as well as silt build-up that accumulates overtime. Additionally, changing the size of the draining water pipe (P27=600mm) from the underbridge area would improve the drainage systems’ rainfall events’ handling capacity to more than 10yrs return period without flooding. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) should be incorporated into the system in order to reduce and delay the peak flow downstream and subsequently in conduit P36 which contributes towards flooding by causing back water effects. Further studies should be conducted to ascertain specific SUDS adapted for the region owing to climatology and industrial activities., A ROAD OR CANAL??? Dag Hammarskjöld Drive has been temporarily transformed into a canal at least once every year since 2009 in the city of Ndola, Zambia. However, is this intentional or circumstantial? The fact that it is one of the most important and busy roads for the city, rules out the intentional perspective. If not intentional, then the subsequent question is: what circumstances could lead to the flooding of the road?

The references are arranged alphabetically by author and include, among others, works in English, French, German, Flemish, Portuguese and Swedish on the area's stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology, structural geology, ore genesis, petrology, mineralogy, deposits of copper, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, gold, silver, platinum, iron, manganese, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, vanadium, radium, talc, asbestos, limestone, clay, dimension stone, laterites, nepheline syenite, kyanite, on exploration, airborne surveys, ancient workings, and on the mineral deposits and mining at Bancroft, Broken Hill, Bwana Mkubwa, Chambishi, Chibuluma, Fitula, Ikawa, Kambove, Kamiyobo, Kamoto, Kansanshi, Katanga, Kinsenda, Kipushi, Luanshya, Lwishishi, Mufulira, Mumbwa, Nampundwe, Nchanga, Ndola East, Nkana, Roan Antelope, Rokana, Ruwe, Sable Antelope, Shaba, Shinkolobwe and analogues for the copper deposits in other parts of the world. There is also a list of 10 references to Katangan correlatives: the Zambesi and West Congolian belts, Bushimay and Lindian systems and the Precambrian of the Central African Republic., The references are arranged alphabetically by author and include, among others, works in English, French, German, Flemish, Portuguese and Swedish on the area's stratigraphy, sedimentology, geochronology, structural geology, ore genesis, petrology, mineralogy, deposits of copper, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, gold, silver, platinum, iron, manganese, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, vanadium, radium, talc, asbestos, limestone, clay, dimension stone, laterites, nepheline syenite, kyanite, on exploration, airborne surveys, ancient workings, and on the mineral deposits and mining at Bancroft, Broken Hill, Bwana Mkubwa, Chambishi, Chibuluma, Fitula, Ikawa, Kambove, Kamiyobo, Kamoto, Kansanshi, Katanga, Kinsenda, Kipushi, Luanshya, Lwishishi, Mufulira, Mumbwa, Nampundwe, Nchanga, Ndola East, Nkana, Roan Antelope, Rokana, Ruwe, Sable Antelope, Shaba, Shinkolobwe and analogues for the copper deposits in other parts of the world. There is also a list of 10 references to Katangan correlatives: the Zambesi and West Congolian belts, Bushimay and Lindian systems and the Precambrian of the Central African Republic.

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More than a million small-scale miners are estimated to work in the six southern African countries for which detailed studies are presented: Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Estimated numbers vary from only 10 000 in South Africa and 30 000 in Zambia to 350 000 in Zimbabwe and 550 000 in Tanzania. The percentage of women involved ranges from 5% in South Africa and 10% in Malawi to more than 50% in Zimbabwe. Children, for whom there are no reliable figures, are involved in water transport, panning and processing. Levels of legality depend on the scale and character of operations and the accessibility of the area for mining authorities. More than 30 different minerals are mined but the sector is dominated by those that are easily marketable, such as gold and gemstones. In Zimbabwe, for example, gold accounts for more than 90% of small-scale mining activity. Lime and building materials are important in Malawi and tantalite in Zimbabwe. Support programmes and successful projects have included Shamva Mining Centre in Zimbabwe, Chenkumbi Limeworks Project in Malawi, two Zambian amethyst mines and Ndola gemstone mine in Zambia., More than a million small-scale miners are estimated to work in the six southern African countries for which detailed studies are presented: Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Estimated numbers vary from only 10 000 in South Africa and 30 000 in Zambia to 350 000 in Zimbabwe and 550 000 in Tanzania. The percentage of women involved ranges from 5% in South Africa and 10% in Malawi to more than 50% in Zimbabwe. Children, for whom there are no reliable figures, are involved in water transport, panning and processing. Levels of legality depend on the scale and character of operations and the accessibility of the area for mining authorities. More than 30 different minerals are mined but the sector is dominated by those that are easily marketable, such as gold and gemstones. In Zimbabwe, for example, gold accounts for more than 90% of small-scale mining activity. Lime and building materials are important in Malawi and tantalite in Zimbabwe. Support programmes and successful projects have included Shamva Mining Centre in Zimbabwe, Chenkumbi Limeworks Project in Malawi, two Zambian amethyst mines and Ndola gemstone mine in Zambia.

Excavation of the open pit – to a depth of approx. 400’ – has started. The ore contains its Cu in the form of sulphides at depth with a cap of oxidized Cu ore above it. The sulphides will be treated by conventional froth floatation. The oxidized material will be treated in a H2SO4 leach plant which will produce metallic Cu for final refining at either Ndola or Mufulire refineries., Excavation of the open pit – to a depth of approx. 400’ – has started. The ore contains its Cu in the form of sulphides at depth with a cap of oxidized Cu ore above it. The sulphides will be treated by conventional froth floatation. The oxidized material will be treated in a H2SO4 leach plant which will produce metallic Cu for final refining at either Ndola or Mufulire refineries.

The current status of Kagem emerald resource (lease area 41 sq km), Ndola Rural Emerald Restricted Area, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, Africa is discussed. Emerald gemstones are produced when the quartz-feldspar pegmatites contact the talc-magnetite schist layer and are mined at Chama open-pit operation which includes a number of dykes such as FwayaFwaya. Total rock extraction from Chama mine is 10 800 000 tonnes for the current financial year with mined reaction zone mineralisation accounting for 9 700 t of ore. Bulk sampling is being conducted at Fibolele and Sandawana pits which are located within the Kagem lease area. A 3-y life-of-mine plan involves increasing production at Chama from 120 000 to 150 000 t/y of ore and at Fibolele to 30 000 t/y, with an increase in average production from 25 000 000 to 47 000 000 carats/y. The ore reserve is estimated to be 1.1 billion t with a grade of 291 carats/t of reaction zone (resource base 1.8 billion carats)., The current status of Kagem emerald resource (lease area 41 sq km), Ndola Rural Emerald Restricted Area, Copperbelt Province, Zambia, Africa is discussed. Emerald gemstones are produced when the quartz-feldspar pegmatites contact the talc-magnetite schist layer and are mined at Chama open-pit operation which includes a number of dykes such as FwayaFwaya. Total rock extraction from Chama mine is 10 800 000 tonnes for the current financial year with mined reaction zone mineralisation accounting for 9 700 t of ore. Bulk sampling is being conducted at Fibolele and Sandawana pits which are located within the Kagem lease area. A 3-y life-of-mine plan involves increasing production at Chama from 120 000 to 150 000 t/y of ore and at Fibolele to 30 000 t/y, with an increase in average production from 25 000 000 to 47 000 000 carats/y. The ore reserve is estimated to be 1.1 billion t with a grade of 291 carats/t of reaction zone (resource base 1.8 billion carats).