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1. Voluntary versus mandatory food labels, Australia/ Comparaison entre l'etiquetage alimentaire obligatoire et facultatif en Australie/ Etiquetas de alimentos voluntarias frente a obligatorias en Australia

Author

Jones, Alexandra, Maganja, Damian, Shahid, Maria, Neal, Bruce, and Pettigrew, Simone

Subjects
Management, Nutritional aspects, Prevention, Risk factors, Health aspects, Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Company business management, Obesity -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Processed foods -- Nutritional aspects, Public health -- Management, Food labeling -- Health aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules
Abstract

Introduction Unhealthy diets are a leading cause of death and disability globally. (1) Current food environments are characterized by unprecedented availability, accessibility and affordability of prepackaged and often ultraprocessed foods [...], Objective To compare uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating front-of-pack nutrition labelling system with uptake of a mostly mandatory country-of-origin label in Australia over a similar period. Methods We used data on numbers and proportions of products carrying health stars and country-of-origin labelling recorded annually between 2015 and 2023 through surveys of four large Australian food retailers. We determined the proportion of products with health stars and country-of-origin labels for each year by dividing the number of products carrying each label by the total number eligible to carry that label. Findings The uptake of the voluntary Health Star Rating increased steadily between 2014 and 2018, reaching a maximum of 42% (8587/20 286) of products in 2021 before decreasing to 39% (8572/22 147) in 2023. Mandatory country-of-origin labelling uptake rose rapidly and was found on 93% (17 567/18 923) of products in 2023. In categories where country- of-origin labelling was voluntary, uptake by 2023 was 48% (3313/6925). In our 2023 sample of 22 147 products, 11 055 (50%) carried country-of-origin labelling only, 7466 (35%) carried both health star and country-of-origin labelling, 1106 (5%) carried health star labels only and 2520 (11%) carried neither label. Conclusion The experience with country-of-origin labelling shows that widespread and rapid food labelling change can be achieved when required by law. The Australian government should mandate the Health Star Rating without delay. Australia's experience supports other jurisdictions in implementing mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling as well as updates to global guidance to recognize mandatory labelling as best-practice in delivering benefits to consumers. [phrase omitted] Objectif Comparer, au cours de la meme periode, l'adoption en Australie du systeme d'etiquetage nutritionnel facultatif Health Star Rating, a l'avant des emballages, avec celle de l'etiquetage mentionnant le pays d'origine, generalement obligatoire. Methodes Nous avons exploite les donnees relatives a la quantite et au pourcentage de produits arborant les etoiles du Health Star Rating et la mention du pays d'origine, recoltees sur une base annuelle entre 2015 et 2023 lors d'enquetes menees aupres de quatre grands magasins d'alimentation australiens. Nous avons ensuite calcule le pourcentage de produits munis d'etoiles et d'une mention du pays d'origine pour chaque annee en divisant le nombre de produits portant chaque etiquette par le nombre total de produits susceptibles d'en etre pourvus. Resultats L'adoption du systeme d'etiquetage nutritionnel facultatif Health Star Rating a augmente de facon constante entre 2014 et 2018, parvenant a un maximum de 42% (8587/20 286) en 2021 avant de redescendre a 39% (8572/22 147) en 2023. Quant a l'etiquetage obligatoire concernant le pays d'origine, son adoption a rapidement grimpe pour atteindre 93% (17 567/18 923) des produits en 2023. Dans les categories ou la mention du pays d'origine n'etait pas obligatoire, le pourcentage d'adoption en 2023 s'elevait a 48% (3313/6925). Dans notre echantillon de 2023, constitue de 22 147 produits, 11 055 (50%) n'indiquaient que le pays d'origine, 7466 (35%) presentaient les deux types d'etiquetage, 1106 (5%) n'affichaient que les etoiles du Health Star Rating et 2520 (11%) ne possedaient aucune des deux etiquettes. Conclusion L'experience menee sur la mention du pays d'origine montre qu'un changement d'etiquetage alimentaire rapide et largement repandu peut etre obtenu par le biais d'une obligation legale. Le gouvernement australien doit donc imposer le systeme Health Star Rating au plus vite. Cette experience encourage egalement d'autres juridictions a instaurer un etiquetage nutritionnel obligatoire a l'avant des emballages, ainsi qu'a mettre a jour les directives mondiales afin d'ajouter cette mesure aux bonnes pratiques benefiques pour les consommateurs. [phrase omitted] Objetivo Comparar la adopcion del sistema voluntarlo de etiquetado frontal nutricional Health Star Ratlng con la adopcion de una etiqueta del pais de origen mayoritariamente obligatoria en Australia durante un periodo similar. Metodos Se utilizaron datos sobre el numero y el porcentaje de productos que llevan etiquetas con estrellas de salud y el pais de origen registrados cada ano entre 2015 y 2023 a traves de encuestas a cuatro de los principales minoristas de alimentos australianos. Se determino el porcentaje de productos con etiquetas de estrellas de salud y del pais de origen de cada ano dividiendo el numero de productos que llevaban cada etiqueta por el numero total de productos elegibles para llevarla. Resultados La adopcion de la clasificacion voluntaria Health Star Rating aumento de forma constante entre 2014 y 2018, alcanzando un maximo del 42% (8587/20 286) de los productos en 2021 antes de disminuir al 39% (8572/22 147) en 2023. El etiquetado obligatorio del pais de origen aumento rapidamente y se encontro en el 93% (17 567/18 923) de los productos en 2023. En las categorias en las que el etiquetado del pais de origen era voluntario, la adopcion en 2023 fue del 48% (3313/6925). En la muestra de 2023, compuesta por 22 147 productos, 11 055 (50%) solo llevaban el etiquetado del pais de origen, 7466 (35%) llevaban tanto el etiquetado de las estrellas de salud como el del pais de origen, 1106 (5%) solo llevaban el etiquetado de las estrellas de salud y 2520 (11%) no llevaban ninguna de estas etiquetas. Conclusion La experiencia con el etiquetado del pais de origen demuestra que se puede conseguir un cambio rapido y generalizado en el etiquetado de los alimentos cuando asi lo exige la ley. El gobierno australiano deberia exigir la clasificacion Health Star Rating sin demora. La experiencia de Australia apoya a otras jurisdicciones en la implementacion del etiquetado frontal nutricional obligatorio, asi como en la actualizacion de las directrices mundiales para reconocer esta medida como una de las mejores practicas en beneficio de los consumidores.

Published
2024
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8. FoodSwitch: A Mobile Phone App to Enable Consumers to Make Healthier Food Choices and Crowdsourcing of National Food Composition Data

Author

Dunford, Elizabeth, Trevena, Helen, Goodsell, Chester, Ng, Ka Hung, Webster, Jacqui, Millis, Audra, Goldstein, Stan, Hugueniot, Orla, and Neal, Bruce

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundFront-of-pack nutrition labeling (FoPL) schemes can help consumers understand the nutritional content of foods and may aid healthier food choices. However, most packaged foods in Australia carry no easily interpretable FoPL, and no standard FoPL system has yet been mandated. About two thirds of Australians now own a smartphone. ObjectiveWe sought to develop a mobile phone app that would provide consumers with easy-to-understand nutrition information and support the selection of healthier choices when shopping for food. MethodsAn existing branded food database including 17,000 Australian packaged foods underpinned the project. An iterative process of development, review, and testing was undertaken to define a user interface that could deliver nutritional information. A parallel process identified the best approach to rank foods based on nutritional content, so that healthier alternative products could be recommended. ResultsBarcode scanning technology was identified as the optimal mechanism for interaction of the mobile phone with the food database. Traffic light labels were chosen as the preferred format for presenting nutritional information, and the Food Standards Australia New Zealand nutrient profiling method as the best strategy for identifying healthier products. The resulting FoodSwitch mobile phone app was launched in Australia in January 2012 and was downloaded by about 400,000 users in the first 18 months. FoodSwitch has maintained a 4-plus star rating, and more than 2000 users have provided feedback about the functionality. Nutritional information for more than 30,000 additional products has been obtained from users through a crowdsourcing function integrated within the app. ConclusionsFoodSwitch has empowered Australian consumers seeking to make better food choices. In parallel, the huge volume of crowdsourced data has provided a novel means for low-cost, real-time tracking of the nutritional composition of Australian foods. There appears to be significant opportunity for this approach in many other countries.

Published
2014
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9. The environmental impact of mycoprotein-based meat alternatives compared to plant-based meat alternatives: A systematic review

Author

Maria Shahid, Pankti Shah, Khanh Mach, Bibi Rodgers-Hunt, Tim Finnigan, Gary Frost, Bruce Neal, and Michalis Hadjikakou

Subjects
Systematic review, Mycoprotein, Plant based meat, Environmental impact, Greenhouse gas emissions, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Meat-based foods have significant environmental impacts that are lower for plant-based meat alternatives. Fungi-based mycoprotein offers another alternative to meat, but its comparative environmental impacts have not been comprehensively reviewed. We identified life cycle assessments (LCAs) of mycoprotein-based meat alternatives using ProQuest, Scopus and Web of Science, and the grey literature. Studies were included if they were published in the English language from 1 January 2013 until 18 September 2023, reported process-based LCAs with functional units by product weight, and reported any environmental impact measure, system boundary, or region. Data for mycoprotein was compared against plant-based meat alternatives for base-protein, burgers, mince and sausages, and against meats. Five LCAs of mycoprotein-based products were identified. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) were lower for mycoprotein (0.73 kgCO2eq/kg) compared to soy (1.21 kgCO2eq/kg) or pea protein concentrate (1.91 kgCO2eq/kg). GHGe for mycoprotein-based product types were lower than or comparable to equivalent plant-based products, and lower compared to meat. GHGe from the ingredient production stage were generally lower for mycoprotein-based products compared to plant-based products. Further data are needed to compare land use and water scarcity impacts. Mycoprotein offers clear environmental advantages over meat, but distinctions between mycoprotein and plant-based alternatives require more comprehensive data.

Published
2024
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10. Health Claims, Product Features and Instructions for Use on the Labels of Potassium-enriched Salt Products: A Content Analysis

Author

James Bullen, Xuejun Yin, Katrina Kissock, Laura Fisher, Bruce Neal, and Kathy Trieu

Subjects
sodium chloride, sodium reduction, potassium-enriched salt, low-sodium salt, salt substitute, potassium chloride, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Background: Potassium-enriched salt is a proven dietary intervention for reducing risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality when used instead of regular table salt. Potassium-enriched salt products are available globally, but the on-pack health claims, product features, and instructions for use are diverse. Objectives: The objective of this study was to summarize the label features of potassium-enriched salt products available worldwide. Methods: A content analysis was conducted on the labels of potassium-enriched salt products available for sale in May 2023. Potassium-enriched salt products were identified through a systematic search of literature, major online shopping websites, and Google using similar keywords such as “salt substitute” or “low sodium salt.” Information on product labels was coded relating to health claims, product features, and instructions for use, and were quantitatively summarized. Results: A total of 117 potential potassium-enriched salt products were identified, with 83 included in the final analysis after excluding products containing no sodium (n = 15), no potassium (n = 5), or that were duplicates (n = 14). There were 23 (28%) products with on-pack claims for health benefits and 36 (43%) with health warnings. Twenty-five (30%) of product labels included descriptions of other product features such as taste and potassium content, and 36 (43%) had instructions for use. Conclusions: There was large variability in the label features of potassium-enriched salt products identified in this study. Most product labels made no health-related statements, but among those that did, warnings occurred more frequently than statements of health benefits. The diversity in labeling may cause confusion among consumers, and standardized, evidence-based labeling should be developed.

Published
2024
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11. Rethinking the Dose-Response Relationship Between Usage and Outcome in an Online Intervention for Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Donkin, Liesje, Hickie, Ian B, Christensen, Helen, Naismith, Sharon L, Neal, Bruce, Cockayne, Nicole L, and Glozier, Nick

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundThere is now substantial evidence that Web-based interventions can be effective at changing behavior and successfully treating psychological disorders. However, interest in the impact of usage on intervention outcomes has only been developed recently. To date, persistence with or completion of the intervention has been the most commonly reported metric of use, but this does not adequately describe user behavior online. Analysis of alternative measures of usage and their relationship to outcome may help to understand how much of the intervention users may need to obtain a clinically significant benefit from the program. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine which usage metrics, if any, are associated with outcome in an online depression treatment trial. MethodsCardiovascular Risk E-couch Depression Outcome (CREDO) is a randomized controlled trial evaluating an unguided Web-based program (E-couch) based on cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy for people with depression and cardiovascular disease. In all, 280 participants in the active arm of the trial commenced the program, delivered in 12 modules containing pages of text and activities. Usage data (eg, number of log-ins, modules completed, time spent online, and activities completed) were captured automatically by the program interface. We estimated the association of these and composite metrics with the outcome of a clinically significant improvement in depression score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) of ≥5 points. ResultsIn all, 214/280 (76.4%) participants provided outcome data at the end of the 12-week period and were included in the analysis. Of these, 94 (43.9%) participants obtained clinically significant improvement. Participants logged into the program an average of 18.7 times (SD 8.3) with most (62.1%, 133/214) completing all 12 modules. Average time spent online per log-in was 17.3 minutes (SD 10.5). Participants completed an average of 9 of 18 activities available within the program. In a multivariate regression model, only the number of activities completed per log-in was associated with a clinically significant outcome (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.05-7.59). The final model predicted 7.4% of variance in outcome. Curve estimates indicated that significant logarithmic (P=.009) and linear (P=.002) relationships existed between activities completed per log-in and clinically significant change. ConclusionsOnly one objective measure of usage was independently associated with better outcome of a Web-based intervention of known effectiveness. The 4 usage metrics retained in the final step of the regression accounted for little outcome variance. Medium level users appeared to have little additional benefit compared to low users indicating that assumptions of a linear relationship between use and outcome may be too simplistic and further models and variables need to be explored to adequately understand the relationship. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000085077; http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12610000085077.aspx (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6K9FQtKBn).

Published
2013
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12. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies

Author

Donkin, Liesje, Christensen, Helen, Naismith, Sharon L, Neal, Bruce, Hickie, Ian B, and Glozier, Nick

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundAs the popularity of e-therapies grows, so too has the body of literature supporting their effectiveness. However, these interventions are often plagued by high attrition rates and varying levels of user adherence. Understanding the role of adherence may be crucial to understanding how program usage influences the effectiveness of e-therapy interventions. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically review the e-therapy literature to (1) describe the methods used to assess adherence and (2) evaluate the association of adherence with outcome of these interventions. MethodsA systematic review of e-therapy interventions was conducted across disease states and behavioral targets. Data were collected on adherence measures, outcomes, and analyses exploring the relationship between adherence measures and outcomes. ResultsOf 69 studies that reported an adherence measure, only 33 (48%) examined the relationship between adherence and outcomes. The number of logins was the most commonly reported measure of adherence, followed by the number of modules completed. The heterogeneity of adherence and outcome measures limited analysis. However, logins appeared to be the measure of adherence most consistently related to outcomes in physical health interventions, while module completion was found to be most related to outcomes in psychological health interventions. ConclusionsThere is large variation in the reporting of adherence and the association of adherence with outcomes. A lack of agreement about how best to measure adherence is likely to contribute to the variation in findings. Physical and psychological outcomes seem influenced by different types of adherence. A composite measure encompassing time online, activity completion, and active engagements with the intervention may be the best measure of adherence. Further research is required to establish a consensus for measuring adherence and to understand the role of adherence in influencing outcomes.

Published
2011
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13. Effects Of Internet-Based Tailored Advice on the Use of Cholesterol-Lowering Interventions: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Webster, Ruth, Li, Stephen CH, Sullivan, David R, Jayne, Kathy, Su, Steve YS, and Neal, Bruce

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundElevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite the availability of proven interventions to lower LDL cholesterol, their use remains subobtimal. Many websites provide interactive, tailored advice on cardiovascular risk in an attempt to help bridge this evidence-practice gap, yet there is little evidence that provision of such a tool is effective in changing practice. ObjectivesThe objective was to define the effects on use of cholesterol-lowering interventions of a consumer-targeted tailored advice website. MethodsThis was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial open to any adult Australian with access to the Internet. A total of 2099 participants were randomized. Of these, 45% were male, the mean age of all participants was 56, and 1385 (66%) self-reported hypercholesterolemia. Follow-up information was obtained for 1945 (93%). Participants completed a brief online questionnaire. Individuals assigned to intervention received immediate, fully automated, personally tailored advice (based on current guidelines) regarding the need for commencement of statin therapy, increased statin therapy in those already on treatment, and nondrug intervention strategies. Control group participants were directed to static Web pages providing general information about cholesterol management. ResultsThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants that commenced or increased use of prescribed cholesterol-lowering therapy. Of the total 2099 randomized participants, 304 (14%) met eligibility criteria for cholesterol-lowering therapy but were not prescribed treatment, and 254 (12%) were prescribed treatment but were not achieving the recommended target level. Treatment was commenced or increased in 64 (6.0%) of the 1062 intervention group participants and 79 (7.6%) of the 1037 control group participants (% difference = -1.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.75 to 0.57, P = .15). No differences were found between the randomized groups for the secondary outcomes of “discussed treatment with a health professional” (% difference = -3.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.16 to 0.19, P = .08), “had their cholesterol checked” (% difference = -1.5%, 95% CI -5.79 to 2.71, P = .48), “had their blood pressure checked” (% difference = 1.4%, 95% CI -2.55 to 5.34, P = .49) or made a lifestyle change (P values between .49 and .96). ConclusionsDespite providing specific carefully tailored advice, this website had no detectable effect on cholesterol management strategies. This finding raises considerable uncertainty about the value of Internet-based tools providing tailored advice directly to consumers. Trial RegistrationNCT00220974; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00220974 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5sdq63rrY)

Published
2010
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15. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of intensive blood pressure control on cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Rationale and design of the CRAFT trial

Author

Jiang, Chao, Wang, Zhiyan, Du, Xin, Wang, Yufeng, Gao, Mingyang, Jia, Zhaoxu, Chai, Zhongyi, Yang, Zhiyun, Wang, Chi, He, Liu, Hu, Rong, Lv, Qiang, Wu, Jiahui, Li, Xu, Jia, Changqi, Han, Rong, Arima, Hisatomi, Wang, Xia, Neal, Bruce, Rodgers, Anthony, Hillis, Graham S., Patel, Anushka, Li, Qiang, Dong, Jianzeng, Anderson, Craig S., and Ma, Changsheng

Published
2024
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17. Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Author

Apperloo, Ellen M, Neuen, Brendon L, Fletcher, Robert A, Jongs, Niels, Anker, Stefan D, Bhatt, Deepak L, Butler, Javed, Cherney, David Z I, Herrington, William G, Inzucchi, Silvio E, Jardine, Meg J, Liu, Chih-Chin, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, McGuire, Darren K, McMurray, John J V, Neal, Bruce, Packer, Milton, Perkovic, Vlado, Sabatine, Marc S, Solomon, Scott D, Staplin, Natalie, Szarek, Michael, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Wanner, Christoph, Wheeler, David C, Wiviott, Stephen D, Zannad, Faiez, and Heerspink, Hiddo J L

Published
2024
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19. Factors influencing the time to ethics and governance approvals for clinical trials: a retrospective cross-sectional survey

Author

Sam Crosby, Adriana Malavisi, Liping Huang, Stephen Jan, Richard Holden, and Bruce Neal

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background The findings from multi-centre trials are central to the practice of evidence-based medicine, enabling the development and implementation of new treatments. The time it takes to commence clinical trials at sites can be long, and ethics and governance approvals are key steps on the pathway to site activation. The goal of this study was to explore factors influencing the times to ethics approval, governance approval and site activation for multi-centre clinical trials. Methods This paper assessed the associations of trial characteristics (disease area and trial phase), site characteristics (government or private ownership, country) and characteristics of the ethics and governance processes (scope guidelines, mutual acceptance requirements and triage of projects by risk) with times to approvals and activation. Median times were compared between site initiations that were and were not exposed to each characteristic using non-parametric tests in univariable and multivariable regressions. Results There were data from 150 site activations done across 91 sites, 16 trials and 5 countries from November 2013 to November 2021. The overall median time to activation was 234 days (range 74 to 657), with ethics approval taking a median of 48 days (0 to 369) and governance approval a median of 34 days (0 to 489). Both the univariable and multivariable analyses identified associations of disease area, particularly oncology (p univariable = 0.012, p multivariable = 0.044), use of scope guidelines (p 0.054). The only factors associated with reduced overall time to site activation in both univariable and multivariable analyses were the early trial phase (p

Published
2023
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22. Salt substitution and salt-supply restriction for lowering blood pressure in elderly care facilities: a cluster-randomized trial

Author

Yuan, Yifang, Jin, Aoming, Neal, Bruce, Feng, Xiangxian, Qiao, Qianku, Wang, Hongxia, Zhang, Ruijuan, Li, Jiayu, Duan, Peifen, Cao, La’e, Zhang, Hui, Hu, Senke, Li, Huijuan, Gao, Pei, Xie, Gaoqiang, Yuan, Jianhui, Cheng, Lili, Wang, Sujuan, Zhang, Haijun, Niu, Wenyi, Fang, Hai, Zhao, Minghui, Gao, Runlin, Chen, Junshi, Elliott, Paul, Labarthe, Darwin, and Wu, Yangfeng

Published
2023
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24. The potential for current sodium and potassium production to support a global switch to the use of potassium-enriched salt: a desktop research study

Author

James David Bullen, Katrina Rashelle Kissock, Xuejun Yin, Penjani Mkambula, Kathy Trieu, Bradley Hastings, Bruce Neal, and Ellie Paige

Subjects
Sodium chloride, Dietary salt, Potassium chloride, Diet, Food and nutrition, Salt substitute, Potassium-enriched salt, Salt supply, Salt industry, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Objective: Switching regular salt (sodium chloride) to salt enriched with potassium chloride (25 % potassium chloride, 75 % sodium chloride) has been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We sought to define the potential for the current production of sodium chloride and potassium chloride to support a global switch to the use of potassium-enriched salt. Design: We summarised data from geological surveys, government reports and trade organisations describing the global production and supply of sodium chloride and potash (the primary source of potassium chloride) and compared this to potential requirements for potassium-enriched salt. Setting: Global. Participants: Not applicable. Results: Approximately 280 million tonnes of sodium chloride were produced in 2020 with China and the USA the main producers. Global production of potash from which potassium chloride is extracted was about forty-four million tonnes with Canada, Belarus, Russia and China providing 77 % of the world’s supply. There were forty-eight countries in which potassium-enriched salt is currently marketed with seventy-nine different brands identified. Allowing for loss of salt between manufacture and consumption, a full global switch from regular salt to potassium-enriched salt would require about 9·7 million tonnes of sodium chloride to be replaced with 9·7 million tonnes of potassium chloride annually. Conclusions: Significant upscaling of the production of potassium chloride and the capacity of companies able to manufacture potassium-enriched salt, as well as a robust business case for the switch to potassium chloride, would be required.

Published
2024
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27. Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of medically tailored meals compared to usual care among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Australia

Author

Law, Kristy K., Coyle, Daisy H., Neal, Bruce, Huang, Liping, Barrett, Eden M., Arnott, Clare, Chow, Clara K., Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Lung, Thomas, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Berkowitz, Seth A., Wong, Jencia, Wu, Ted, Twigg, Stephen, Gauld, Amanda, Simmons, David, Piya, Milan K., MacMillan, Freya, Khoo, Chee L., Tian, Maoyi, Trieu, Kathy, and Wu, Jason H.Y.

Published
2023
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28. Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Perkovic, Vlado, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Brenner, Barry M., Cannon, Christopher P., Charytan, David M., de Zeeuw, Dick, Greene, Tom, Jardine, Meg J., Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Levin, Adeera, Meininger, Gary, Neal, Bruce, Pollock, Carol, Wheeler, David C., Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Jardine, Meg, Li, Nicole, Kolesnyk, Inna, Aizenberg, Diego, Pecoits-Filho, Roberto, Cherney, David, Obrador, Gregorio, Chertow, Glenn, Chang, Tara, Hawley, Carmel, Ji, Linong, Wada, Takashi, Jha, Vivekanand, Lim, Soo Kun, Lim-Abrahan, Mary Anne, Santos, Florence, Chae, Dong-Wan, Hwang, Shang-Jyh, Vazelov, Evgueniy, Rychlík, Ivan, Hadjadj, Samy, Krane, Vera, Rosivall, László, De Nicola, Luca, Dreval, Alexander, Nowicki, Michał, Schiller, Adalbert, Distiller, Larry, Górriz, Jose L., Kolesnyk, Mykola, David, Wheeler, C., Guerrero, Rodolfo Andres Ahuad, Albisu, Juan Pablo, Alvarisqueta, Andres, Bartolacci, Ines, Berli, Mario Alberto, Bordonava, Anselmo, Calella, Pedro, Cantero, Maria Cecilia, Cartasegna, Luis Rodolfo, Cercos, Esteban, Coloma, Gabriela Cecilia, Colombo, Hugo, Commendatore, Victor, Cuadrado, Jesus, Cuneo, Carlos Alberto, Cusumano, Ana Maria, Douthat, Walter Guillermo, Dran, Ricardo Dario, Farias, Eduardo, Fernandez, Maria Florencia, Finkelstein, Hernan, Fragale, Guillermo, Fretes, Jose Osvaldo, Garcia, Nestor Horacio, Gastaldi, Anibal, Gelersztein, Elizabeth, Glenny, Jorge Archibaldo, Gonzalez, Joaquin Pablo, Colaso, Patricia del Carmen Gonzalez, Goycoa, Claudia, Greloni, Gustavo Cristian, Guinsburg, Adrian, Hermida, Sonia, Juncos, Luis Isaias, Klyver, Maria Isabel, Kraft, Florencia, Krynski, Fernando, Lanchiotti, Paulina Virginia, Leon de la Fuente, Ricardo Alfonso, Marchetta, Nora, Mele, Pablo, Nicolai, Silvia, Novoa, Pablo Antonio, Orio, Silvia Ines, Otreras, Fabian, Oviedo, Alejandra, Raffaele, Pablo, Resk, Jorge Hector, Rista, Lucas, Papini, Nelson Rodriguez, Sala, Jorgelina, Santos, Juan Carlos, Schiavi, Lilia Beatriz, Sessa, Horacio, Casabella, Tomas Smith, Ulla, Maria Rosa, Valdez, Maria, Vallejos, Augusto, Villarino, Adriana, Visco, Virginia Esther, Wassermann, Alfredo, Zaidman, Cesar Javier, Cheung, Ngai Wah, Droste, Carolyn, Fraser, Ian, Johnson, David, Mah, Peak Mann, Nicholls, Kathy, Packham, David, Proietto, Joseph, Roberts, Anthony, Roger, Simon, Tsang, Venessa, Raduan, Roberto Abrão, Costa, Fernando Augusto Alves da, Amodeo, Celso, Turatti, Luiz Alberto Andreotti, Bregman, Rachel, Sanches, Fernanda Cristina Camelo, Canani, Luis Henrique, Chacra, Antônio Roberto, Borges, João Lindolfo Cunha, Vêncio, Sérgio Alberto Cunha, Franco, Roberto Jorge da Silva, d’Avila, Domingos, Portes, Evandro de Souza, de Souza, Pedro, Deboni, Luciane Mônica, Fraige Filho, Fadlo, Neto, Bruno Geloneze, Gomes, Marcus, Kohara, Suely Keiko, Keitel, Elizete, Saraiva, Jose Francisco Kerr, Lisboa, Hugo Roberto Kurtz, Contieri, Fabiana Loss de Carvalho, Milagres, Rosângela, Junior, Renan Montenegro, de Brito, Claudia Moreira, Hissa, Miguel Nasser, Sabbag, Ângela Regina Nazario, Noronha, Irene, Panarotto, Daniel, Filho, Roberto Pecoits, Pereira, Márcio Antônio, Saporito, Wladmir, Scotton, Antonio Scafuto, Schuch, Tiago, de Almeida, Roberto Simões, Ramos, Cássio Slompo, Felício, João Soares, Thomé, Fernando, Hachmann, Jean Carlo Tibes, Yamada, Sérgio, Hayashida, Cesar Yoiti, Petry, Tarissa Beatrice Zanata, Zanella, Maria Teresa, Andreeva, Viktoria, Angelova, Angelina, Dimitrov, Stefan, Genadieva, Veselka, Genova-Hristova, Gabriela, Hristozov, Kiril, Kamenov, Zdravko, Koundurdjiev, Atanas, Lozanov, Lachezar, Margaritov, Viktor, Nonchev, Boyan, Rangelov, Rangel, Shinkov, Alexander, Temelkova, Margarita, Velichkova, Ekaterina, Yakov, Andrian, Aggarwal, Naresh, Aronson, Ronnie, Bajaj, Harpreet, Chouinard, Guy, Conway, James, Cournoyer, Serge, DaRoza, Gerald, De Serres, Sacha, Dubé, François, Goldenberg, Ronald, Gupta, Anil, Gupta, Milan, Henein, Sam, Khandwala, Hasnain, Leiter, Lawrence, Madore, François, McMahon, Alan, Muirhead, Norman, Pichette, Vincent, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Steele, Andrew, Tangri, Navdeep, Torshizi, Ali, Woo, Vincent, Zalunardo, Nadia, Montenegro, María Alicia Fernández, Gonzalo Godoy Jorquera, Juan, Fariña, Marcelo Medina, Gajardo, Victor Saavedra, Vejar, Margarita, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Gan, Shenglian, Kong, Yaozhong, Li, Detian, Li, Wenge, Li, Xuemei, Lin, Hongli, Liu, Jian, Lu, Weiping, Mao, Hong, Ren, Yan, Song, Weihong, Sun, Jiao, Sun, Lin, Tu, Ping, Wang, Guixia, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Yu, Xueqing, Zhao, Minghui, Zheng, Hongguang, Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini, Arcos, Edgar, Avendano, Jorge, Diaz Ruiz, Jorge Ernesto Andres, Ortiz, Luis Hernando Garcia, Gonzalez, Alexander, Triana, Eric Hernandez, Higuera, Juan Diego, Malaver, Natalia, de Salazar, Dora Inés Molina, Rosero, Ricardo, Alexandra Terront Lozano, Monica, Cometa, Luis Valderrama, Valenzuela, Alex, Vargas Alonso, Ruben Dario, Villegas, Ivan, Yupanqui, Hernan, Bartaskova, Dagmar, Barton, Petr, Belobradkova, Jana, Dohnalova, Lenka, Drasnar, Tomas, Ferkl, Richard, Halciakova, Katarina, Klokocnikova, Vera, Kovar, Richard, Lastuvka, Jiri, Lukac, Martin, Pesickova, Satu, Peterka, Karel, Pumprla, Jiri, Rychlik, Ivan, Saudek, Frantisek, Tesar, Vladimir, Valis, Martin, Weiner, Pavel, Zemek, Stanislav, Alamartine, Eric, Borot, Sophie, Cariou, Bertrand, Dussol, Bertrand, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gourdy, Pierre, Klein, Alexandre, Le Meur, Yannick, Penfornis, Alfred, Roussel, Ronan, Saulnier, Pierre-Jean, Thervet, Eric, Zaoui, Philippe, Burst, Volker, Faghih, Markus, Faulmann, Grit, Haller, Hermann, Jerwan-Keim, Reinhold, Maxeiner, Stephan, Paschen, Björn, Plassmann, Georg, Rose, Ludger, Gonzalez Orellana, Ronaldo Arturo, Haase, Franklin Paul, Moreira Diaz, Juan Pablo, Ramirez Roca, Luis Alberto, Sánchez Arenales, Jose Antonio, Sanchez Polo, José Vicente, Juarez, Erick Turcios, Csecsei, Gyongyi, Csiky, Botond, Danos, Peter, Deak, Laszlo, Dudas, Mihaly, Harcsa, Eleonora, Keltai, Katalin, Keresztesi, Sandor, Kiss, Krisztian, Konyves, Laszlo, Major, Lajos, Mileder, Margit, Molnar, Marta, Mucsi, Janos, Oroszlan, Tamas, Ory, Ivan, Paragh, Gyorgy, Peterfai, Eva, Petro, Gizella, Revesz, Katalin, Takacs, Robert, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Zsom, Marianna, Abraham, Oomman, Bhushan, Raju Sree, Deepak, Dewan, Edwin, Fernando M., Gopalakrishnan, Natarajan, Gracious, Noble, Hansraj, Alva, Jain, Dinesh, Keshavamurthy, C.B., Khullar, Dinesh, Manisha, Sahay, Peringat, Jayameena, Prasad, Narayan, Satyanarayana, Rao K., Sreedhar, Reddy, Sreelatha, Melemadathil, Sudhakar, Bhimavarapu, Chandra Vyasam, Ramesh, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Castellino, Pietro, Ceriello, Antonio, Chiovato, Luca, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Carlo, Alberto, Di Cianni, Graziano, Frascà, Giovanni, Fuiano, Giorgio, Gambaro, Giovanni, Garibotto, Giacomo, Giorda, Carlo, Malberti, Fabio, Mandreoli, Marcora, Mannucci, Edoardo, Orsi, Emanuela, Piatti, Piermarco, Santoro, Domenico, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo, Serviddio, Gaetano, Stella, Andrea, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Zanoli, Luca, Akiyama, Hitoshi, Aoki, Hiromi, Asano, Akimichi, Iitsuka, Tadashi, Kajiyama, Shizuo, Kashine, Susumu, Kawada, Toshio, Kodera, Takamoto, Kono, Hiroshi, Koyama, Kazunori, Kumeda, Yasuro, Miyauchi, Shozo, Mizuyama, Kazuyuki, Niiya, Tetsuji, Oishi, Hiroko, Ota, Satoshi, Sakakibara, Terue, Takai, Masahiko, Tomonaga, Osamu, Tsujimoto, Mitsuru, Wakasugi, Masakiyo, Wakida, Yasushi, Watanabe, Takayuki, Yamada, Masayo, Yanagida, Kazuhiro, Yanase, Toshihiko, Yumita, Wataru, Gaupsiene, Egle, Kozloviene, Dalia, Navickas, Antanas, Urbanaviciene, Egle, Abdul Ghani, Rohana, Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Ali, Norsiah, Che Yusof, Mohd Daud, Gan, Chye Lee, Ismail, Mastura, Kong, Wei Yen, Lam, Swee Win, Lee, Li Yuan, Loh, Chek Loong, Manocha, Anita Bhajan, Ng, Kee Sing, Ahmad, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik, Ratnasingam, Vanassa, Shudim, Saiful Shahrizal Bin, Vengadasalam, Paranthaman, Abraira Munoz, Luis David, Salazar, Melchor Alpizar, Cruz, Juan Baas, Soto, Mario Burgos, Ramos, Jose Chevaile, Wong, Alfredo Chew, Correa Rotter, Jose Ricardo, Escalante, Tonatiu Diaz, Enriquez Sosa, Favio Edmundo, Lozano, Fernando Flores, Flota Cervera, Luis Fernando, Baron, Paul Frenk, Ballesteros, Cecilia Garcia, Gomez Rangel, Jose David, Herrera Jimenez, Luis Enrique, Irizar Santana, Sergio Saul, Flores, Fernando Jimenez, Molina, Hugo Laviada, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, del Campo Blanco, Belia Martin, Franco, Guadalupe Morales, Moreno Loza, Oscar Tarsicio, Rocha, Cynthia Mustieles, Vera, Gregorio Obrador, Castellanos, Ricardo Orozco, Calcaneo, Juan Peralta, Reyes Rosano, Miguel Angel, Pattzi, Hiromi Rodriguez, Guzman, Juan Rosas, Rucker Joerg, Isabel Erika, Saavedra Sanchez, Sandra Berenice, Sanchez Mijangos, Jose Hector, Sanson, Pablo Serrano, Tamayo y Orozco, Juan Alfredo, Chavez, Eloisa Tellez, Cepeda, Alejandro Valdes, Carrillo, Luis Venegas, Mesa, Juan Villagordoa, Escobedo, Rolando Zamarripa, Baker, John, Noonan, Paul, Scott, Russell, Walker, Robert, Watson, Edward, Williams, Michael, Young, Simon, Abejuela, Zaynab, Agra, Jeimeen, Aquitania, Grace, Caringal, Clodoaido, Comia, Rhea Severina, Santos, Lalaine Delos, Gomez, Olivert, Jimeno, Cecilia, Tan, Gerry, Tolentino, Marsha, Yao, Christy, Yap, Yvette Ethel, Lallaine Ygpuara, Ma. Dovie, Bijata-Bronisz, Renata, Hotlos, Lucyna, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Kaczmarek, Barbara, Kaminska, Anna, Lazuka, Lech, Madej, Andrzej, Mazur, Stanislaw, Mlodawska-Choluj, Dorota, Nowicki, Michal, Orlowska-Kowalik, Grazyna, Popenda, Grazyna, Rewerska, Barbara, Sowinski, Dariusz, Angelescu, Liliana Monica, Anghel, Veronica, Avram, Rodica-Ioana, Busegeanu, Mihaela-Magdalena, Cif, Adriana, Cosma, Dana, Crisan, Carmen, Demian, Luiza Despina, Ferariu, Ioana Emilia, Halmagyi, Ildiko, Hancu, Nicolae, Munteanu, Mircea, Negru, Doru, Onaca, Adriana Gabriela, Petrica, Ligia, Popa, Amorin Remus, Ranetti, Aurelian-Emil, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Toarba, Cristina, Agafyina, Alina, Barbarash, Olga, Barysheva, Olga, Chizhov, Daniil, Dobronravov, Vladimir, Glinkina, Irina, Grineva, Elena, Khirmanov, Vladimir, Kolmakova, Elena, Koroleva, Tatiana, Kvitkova, Liudmila, Marasaev, Viacheslav, Mkrtumyan, Ashot, Morugova, Tatiana, Nagibovich, Galina, Nagibovich, Oleg, Nedogoda, Sergei, Osipova, Irina, Raskina, Tatiana, Samoylova, Yulia, Sazonova, Olga, Shamkhalova, Minara, Shutemova, Elena, Shwartz, Yuriy, Uriasyev, Oleg, Vorobyev, Sergey, Zateyshchikova, Anna, Zateyshshikov, Dmitry, Zykova, Tatyana, Antic, Slobodan, Djordjevic, Miodrag, Kendereski, Aleksandra, Lalic, Katarina, Lalic, Nebojsa, Popovic-Radinovic, Vesna, Babikova, Jana, Benusova, Olga, Buganova, Ingrid, Culak, Jan, Dzupina, Andrej, Dzuponova, Jana, Fulop, Peter, Ilavska, Adriana, Martinka, Emil, Ochodnicka, Zuzana, Pella, Daniel, Smatanova, Iveta, Ahmed, Fayzal, Badat, Aysha, Breedt, Johannes, Distiller, Lawrence, Govender, Vimladhevi, Govender, Ravendran, Joshi, Mukesh, Jurgens, Jaco, Latiff, Gulam, Lombard, Landman, Mookadam, Mohamed, Ngcakani, Nomangesi, Nortje, Hendrik, Oosthuizen, Helena, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Prozesky, Hans, Reddy, Jeevren, Rheeder, Paul, Seeber, Mary, Cho, Young Min, Jeong, In-Kyung, Kim, Sin Gon, Kim, Yeong Hoon, Kwon, Hyuk-Sang, Kwon, Min Jeong, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, JungEun, Lee, Moon-Kyu, Nam, Moon-Suk, Oh, Kook-Hwan, Park, Cheol- Young, Park, Sun-Hee, Yoon, Kun Ho, Garcia, Pere Alvarez, Mercadal, Luis Asmarats, Barrios, Clara, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Guldris, Secundino Cigarran, Lopez, Marta Dominguez, Egido de los Rios, Jesus, Fresnedo, Gema Fernandez, Serrano, Antonio Galan, Garcia, Isabel, Gonzalez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Jodar Gimeno, Jose Esteban, Mendoza, Manuel Lopez, Marin, Tamara Malek, Portillo, Cristobal Morales, Munar Vila, Maria Antonia, Torres, Manuel Muñoz, Iglesias, Javier Nieto, Perez, Jonay Pantoja, Vera, Merce Perez, Portoles Perez, Jose M., Quesada Simón, María Angustias, Canonge, Rafael Simo, Gonzalez, Alfonso Soto, Riera, Manel Terns, Tinahones Madueno, Francisco Jose, Plaza, Mercedes Velo, Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Hsia, Te-Lin, Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Lin, Chih-Ching, Lu, Yung- Chuan, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Barna, Olga, Bilyk, Svitlana D., Botsyurko, Volodymyr, Dudar, Iryna, Fushtey, Ivan, Godlevska, Olga, Golovchenko, Oleksandr, Gyrina, Olga, Kazmirchuk, Anatoliy, Komisarenko, Iuliia, Korzh, Oleksii, Kravchun, Nonna, Legun, Oleg, Mankovskyy, Borys, Martynyuk, Liliya, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Pashkovska, Nataliia, Pererva, Larysa, Pertseva, Tetyana, Samoylov, Oleksandr, Smirnov, Ivan, Svyshchenko, Yevgeniya, Tomashkevych, Halyna, Topchii, Ivan, Tryshchuk, Nadiya, Tseluyko, Vira, Vizir, Vadym, Vlasenko, Maryna, Zlova, Tetiana, Zub, Liliia, Abusnana, Salah, Railey, Mohamed, Abouglila, Kamal, Ainsworth, Paul, Ali, Zishan, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Barnard, Maria, Bellary, Srikanth, Davies, Emyr, Davies, Mark, Davies, Simon, Dawson, Alison, El Kossi, Mohsen, English, Patrick, Fraser, Donald, Gnudi, Luigi, Gunstone, Anthony, Hall, Timothy, Hanif, Wasim, Jackson, Alan, Johnson, Andrew, Joseph, Franklin, Krishnan, Singhan, Kumwenda, Mick, MacDougall, Iain, Nixon, Paul, O'Hare, Joseph, Philip, Sam, Ramtoola, Shenaz, Saxena, Manish, Sennik, Davesh, Simon, Godwin, Singh, Baldev, Stephens, Jeffrey, Strzelecka, Anna, Symonds, Rehan, Turner, Wayne, Wahba, Mona, Wakeling, John, Wheeler, David, Winocour, Peter, Abdallah, Joseph, Abdullah, Raied, Abramowitz, Matthew, Acosta, Idalia, Aiello, Joseph, Akright, Laura, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Alappan, Rajendran, Alicic, Radica, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Allison, Dale Crawford, Arauz-Pacheco, Carlos, Arfeen, Shahabul, Arif, Ahmed, Arvind, Moogali, Atray, Naveen, Awad, Ahmed, Barnhill, Peggy, Barranco, Elizabeth, Barrera, Carlos, Beacom, Matthew, Behara, Venkata, Belo, Diogo, Bentley-Lewis, Rhonda, Berenguer, Ramon, Bermudez, Lidia, Bernardo, Marializa, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Bowman-Stroud, Cynthia, Brandon, Donald, Brusco, Osvaldo, Busch, Robert, Canaan, Yamil, Chilito, Alicia, Christensen, Tom, Christiano, Cynthia, Christofides, Elena, Chuateco, Caroucel, Cohen, Kenneth, Cohen, Robert, Cohen-Stein, Debbie, Cook, Charles, Coyne, Daniel, Daboul, Nizar, Darwish, Riad, Daswani, Adarsh, Deck, Kenneth, Desouza, Cyrus, Dev, Devasmita, Dhillon, Monika, Dua, Sohan, Eder, Frank, Elosegui, Ana Maria, El-Shahawy, Mohamed, Ervin, John, Esquenazi, Alberto, Evans, John, Fishbane, Steven, Frias, Juan, Galindo-Ramos, Eugenia, Galphin, Claude, Ghazi, Adline, Gonzalez, Enrique, Gorson, David, Gowda, Anupama, Greco, Barbara, Grubb, Stephen, Gulati, Rakesh, Hammoud, Jamal, Handelsman, Stuart, Hartman, Israel, Hershon, Kenneth, Hiser, Daniel, Hon, George, Jacob, Radu, Jaime, Maria, Jamal, Aamir, Kaupke, Charles, Keightley, Gerald, Kern, Elizabeth, Khanna, Rakhi, Khitan, Zeid, Kim, Sun, Kopyt, Nelson, Kovesdy, Csaba, Krishna, Gopal, Kropp, Jeffrey (Jay), Kumar, Amrendra, Kumar, Jayant, Kumar, Neil, Kusnir, Jorge, Lane, Wendy, Lawrence, Mary, Lehrner, Lawrence, Lentz, John, Levinson, Dennis, Lewis, Derek, Liss, Kenneth, Maddux, Andreas, Maheshwari, Hiralal, Mandayam, Sreedhar, Marar, Isam, Mehta, Bhasker, Middleton, John, Mordujovich, Jorge, Moreda, Ramon, Moustafa, Moustafa, Trenche, Samuel Mujica, Narayanan, Mohanram, Narvarte, Javier, Nassar, Tareq, Newman, George, Nichol, Brian, Nicol, Philip, Nisnisan, Josier, Nossuli, A. Kaldun, Obialo, Chamberlain, Olelewe, Sarah, Oliver, Michael, O'Shaughnessy, Andrew, Padron, John, Pankhaniya, Rohit, Parker, Reginald, Patel, Devesh, Patel, Gnyandev, Patel, Nina, Pavon, Humberto, Perez, Armando, Perez, Carlos, Perlman, Alan, Pettis, Karlton, Pharr, Walter, Phillips, Andrea, Purighalla, Raman, Quesada-Suarez, Luis, Ranjan, Rajiv, Rastogi, Sanjeev, Reddy, Jakkidi, Rendell, Marc, Rich, Lisa, Robinson, Michael, Rodriguez, Hector, Rosas, Sylvia, Saba, Fadi, Sankaram, Rallabhandi, Sarin, Ravi, Schreiman, Robert, Scott, David, Sekkarie, Mohamed, Sensenbrenner, John, Shakeel, Muhammad, Shanik, Michael, Shaw, Sylvia, Smith, Stephen, Solomon, Richard, Sprague, Amy, Spry, Leslie, Suchinda, Pusadee, Sultan, Senan, Surampudi, Prasanth, Sussman, Sherry, Tan, Anjanette, Terrelonge, Antonio, Thompson, Michael, Trespalacios, Fernando, Trippe, Bruce, Trueba, Pilar, Twahirwa, Marcel, Updegrove, John, Van Buren, Peter, Vannorsdall, Mark, Varghese, Freemu, Velasquez-Mieyer, Pedro, Ventrapragada, Sailaja, Vukotic, Goga, Wadud, Khurram, Warren, Mark, Watson, Henry, Watts, Ronald, Weiner, Daniel, Welker, James, Welsh, Jean, Williams, Shelley, Zaniewski-Singh, Michelle, Yi, Tae Won, Smyth, Brendan, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Arnott, Clare, Cardoza, Kathryn, and Kang, Amy

Published
2023
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30. Estimated Lifetime Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Benefits of Combination Treatment With SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Nonsteroidal MRA Compared With Conventional Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Albuminuria

Author

Neuen, Brendon L., Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Vart, Priya, Claggett, Brian L., Fletcher, Robert A., Arnott, Clare, de Oliveira Costa, Julianna, Falster, Michael O., Pearson, Sallie-Anne, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Neal, Bruce, Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Perkovic, Vlado, Solomon, Scott D., and Vaduganathan, Muthiah

Published
2024
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33. Canagliflozin, Blood Pressure Variability, and Risk of Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Outcomes: Pooled Individual Participant Data From the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials

Author

Robert A. Fletcher, Clare Arnott, Patrick Rockenschaub, Aletta E. Schutte, Lewis Carpenter, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Rajiv Agarwal, George Bakris, Tara I. Chang, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Meg J. Jardine, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Bruce Neal, Carol Pollock, Min Jun, Anthony Rodgers, Vlado Perkovic, and Brendon L. Neuen

Subjects
blood pressure variability, canagliflozin, clinical outcomes, clinical trials, SGLT2 inhibitors, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP), but whether they affect SBP variability is unknown. There also remains uncertainty regarding the prognostic value of SBP variability for different clinical outcomes. Methods and Results Using individual participant data from the CANVAS (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study) Program and CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial, we assessed the effect of canagliflozin on SBP variability in people with type 2 diabetes across 4 study visits over 1.5 years as measured by standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and variability independent of the mean. We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate associations of SBP variability with cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality outcomes. In 11 551 trial participants, canagliflozin modestly lowered the standard deviation of SBP variability (−0.25 mm Hg [95% CI, –0.44 to −0.06]), but there was no effect on coefficient of variation (0.02% [95% CI, –0.12 to 0.16]) or variability independent of the mean (0.08 U [95% CI, –0.11 to 0.26]) when adjusting for correlation with mean SBP. Each 1 standard deviation increase in standard deviation of SBP variability was independently associated with higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02–1.38]) and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01–1.25]), with consistent results observed for coefficient of variation and variability independent of the mean. Increases in SBP variability were not associated with kidney outcomes. Conclusions In people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk or with chronic kidney disease, higher visit‐to‐visit SBP variability is independently associated with risks of hospitalization for heart failure and all‐cause mortality. Canagliflozin has little to no effect on SBP variability, independent of its established SBP‐lowering effect. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01032629, NCT01989754, NCT02065791.

Published
2023
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34. Testing the Feasibility and Dietary Impact of a “Produce Prescription” Program for Adults with Undermanaged Type 2 Diabetes and Food Insecurity in Australia

Author

Wu, Jason HY, Trieu, Kathy, Coyle, Daisy, Huang, Liping, Wijesuriya, Nirupama, Nallaiah, Kellie, Lung, Thomas, Di Tanna, Gian L, Zheng, Miaobing, Mozaffarian, Dariush, MacMillan, Freya, Simmons, David, Wu, Ted, Twigg, Stephen, Gauld, Amanda, Constantino, Maria, McGill, Margaret, Wong, Jencia, and Neal, Bruce

Published
2022
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35. Protocol for a novel sodium and blood pressure reduction intervention targeting online grocery shoppers with hypertension – the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping randomized trial

Author

Maganja, Damian, Trieu, Kathy, Reading, Michelle, Huang, Liping, Hart, Ashleigh Chanel, Taylor, Fraser, Stamatellis, Steve, Arnott, Clare, Feng, Xiaoqi, Schutte, Aletta E, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Ni Mhurchu, Cliona, Cameron, Adrian J, Huffman, Mark D, Neal, Bruce, and Wu, Jason HY

Published
2022
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36. The impact of canagliflozin on the risk of neuropathy events: A post-hoc exploratory analysis of the CREDENCE trial

Author

Liao, Jinlan, Kang, Amy, Xia, Chao, Young, Tamara, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Arnott, Clare, Pollock, Carol, Krishnan, Arun V., Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Charytan, David M., de Zeeuw, Dick, Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Levin, Adeera, Neal, Bruce, Wheeler, David C., Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Perkovic, Vlado, Jardine, Meg J, and Smyth, Brendan

Published
2022
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41. Salt intake and iodine status of women in Samoa

Author

Land, Mary-Anne, Webster, Jacqui L, Ma, Gary, Li, Mu, Faletoese, Sarah Asi, Ieremia, Merina, Viali, Satu, Faeamani, Gavin, Bell, A Colin, Quested, Christine, Neal, Bruce C, and Eastman, Creswell J

Published
2016

49. Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis

Author

Rahimi, Kazem, Bidel, Zeinab, Nazarzadeh, Milad, Copland, Emma, Canoy, Dexter, Wamil, Malgorzata, Majert, Jeannette, McManus, Richard, Adler, Amanda, Agodoa, Larry, Algra, Ale, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Beckett, Nigel S, Berge, Eivind, Black, Henry, Boersma, Eric, Brouwers, Frank P J, Brown, Morris, Brugts, Jasper J, Bulpitt, Christopher J, Byington, Robert P, Cushman, William C, Cutler, Jeffrey, Devereaux, Richard B, Dwyer, Jamie P, Estacio, Ray, Fagard, Robert, Fox, Kim, Fukui, Tsuguya, Gupta, Ajay K, Holman, Rury R, Imai, Yutaka, Ishii, Masao, Julius, Stevo, Kanno, Yoshihiko, Kjeldsen, Sverre E, Kostis, John, Kuramoto, Kizuku, Lanke, Jan, Lewis, Edmund, Lewis, Julia B, Lievre, Michel, Lindholm, Lars H, Lueders, Stephan, MacMahon, Stephen, Mancia, Giuseppe, Matsuzaki, Masunori, Mehlum, Maria H, Nissen, Steven, Ogawa, Hiroshi, Ogihara, Toshio, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Palmer, Christopher R, Patel, Anushka, Pfeffer, Marc Allan, Pitt, Bertram, Poulter, Neil R, Rakugi, Hiromi, Reboldi, Gianpaolo, Reid, Christopher, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Ruggenenti, Piero, Saruta, Takao, Schrader, Joachim, Schrier, Robert, Sever, Peter, Sleight, Peter, Staessen, Jan A, Suzuki, Hiromichi, Thijs, Lutgarde, Ueshima, Kenji, Umemoto, Seiji, van Gilst, Wiek H, Verdecchia, Paolo, Wachtell, Kristian, Whelton, Paul, Wing, Lindon, Woodward, Mark, Yui, Yoshiki, Yusuf, Salim, Zanchetti, Alberto, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Anderson, Craig, Baigent, Colin, Brenner, Barry Morton, Collins, Rory, de Zeeuw, Dick, Lubsen, Jacobus, Malacco, Ettore, Neal, Bruce, Perkovic, Vlado, Rodgers, Anthony, Rothwell, Peter, Salimi-Khorshidi, Gholamreza, Sundström, Johan, Turnbull, Fiona, Viberti, Giancarlo, Wang, Jiguang, Chalmers, John, Davis, Barry R, Pepine, Carl J, and Teo, Koon K

Published
2021
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50. Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial

Author

Hung, Andrew, Edison, Armand, Abraham, Angalie E, Xu, Daniel, Bloch, Mark T, Figtree, Gemma, Nolde, Janis M, Black, Andrew, Jansen, Shirley, Biswas, Sinjini, Ajani, Andrew E, Carnagarin, Revathy, Wynne, Dylan, Altman, Mikhail, Thakkar, Jay, Thiagalingam, Aravinda, Klimis, Harry, Chow, Clara K, Atkins, Emily R, Hillis, Graham S, Nelson, Mark R, Reid, Christopher M, Schlaich, Markus P, Hay, Peter, Rogers, Kris, Billot, Laurent, Burke, Michael, Chalmers, John, Neal, Bruce, Patel, Anushka, Usherwood, Tim, Webster, Ruth, and Rodgers, Anthony

Published
2021
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