Search

Your search keyword '"Neal, Keith R."' showing total 229 results
Start Over Author "Neal, Keith R."
229 results on '"Neal, Keith R."'

6. Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial

Author

Read, Robert C, Baxter, David, Chadwick, David R, Faust, Saul N, Finn, Adam, Gordon, Stephen B, Heath, Paul T, Lewis, David J M, Pollard, Andrew J, Turner, David P J, Bazaz, Rohit, Ganguli, Amitava, Havelock, Tom, Neal, Keith R, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, Morales-Aza, Begonia, Patel, Kamlesh, Snape, Matthew D, Williams, John, Gilchrist, Stefanie, Gray, Steve J, Maiden, Martin C J, Toneatto, Daniela, Wang, Huajun, McCarthy, Maggie, Dull, Peter M, and Borrow, Ray

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Changes in Serogroup and Genotype Prevalence Among Carried Meningococci in the United Kingdom During Vaccine Implementation

Author

Ibarz-Pavón, Ana Belén, MacLennan, Jenny, Andrews, Nicholas J., Gray, Stephen J., Urwin, Rachel, Clarke, Stuart C., Walker, A. Mark, Evans, Meirion R., Kroll, J. Simon, Neal, Keith R., Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer, Crook, Derrick W., Cann, Kathryn, Harrison, Sarah, Cunningham, Richard, Baxter, David, Kaczmarski, Edward, McCarthy, Noel D., Jolley, Keith A., Cameron, J. Claire, Stuart, James M., and Maiden, Martin C. J.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Impact of Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccines on Carriage and Herd Immunity

Author

Maiden, Martin C. J., Ibarz-Pavón, Ana Belén, Urwin, Rachel, Gray, Stephen J., Andrews, Nicholas J., Clarke, Stuart C., Walker, A. Mark, Evans, Meirion R., Kroll, J. Simon, Neal, Keith R., Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., Crook, Derrick W., Cann, Kathryn, Harrison, Sarah, Cunningham, Richard, Baxter, David, Kaczmarski, Edward, MacLennan, Jenny, Cameron, J. Claire, and Stuart, James M.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Chicken consumption and use of acid-suppressing medications as risk factors for Campylobacter enteritis, England

Author

Tam, Clarence C., Higgins, Craig D., Neal, Keith R., Rodrigues, Laura C., Millership, Sally E., and O'Brien, Sarah J.

Subjects
Enteritis -- Risk factors, Enteritis -- Health aspects, Medical research -- Health aspects, Medicine, Experimental -- Health aspects, Poultry industry -- Health aspects
Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of enteritis in England. More than 40,000 cases are reported annually (1). Incidence of cases reported nationally is [approximately equal to] 80 [...]

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Cervical human papillomavirus screening among older women

Author

Grainge, Matthew J., Seth, Rashmi, Guo, Li, Neal, Keith R., Coupland, Carol, Vryenhoef, Paul, Johnson, Jane, and Jenkins, David

Subjects
Papillomavirus infections -- Development and progression, Papillomavirus infections -- Diagnosis, Middle aged women -- Health aspects
Abstract

Rates of acquisition and clearance of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) during a 3-year period in women 51 years of age were compared with rates in younger women to provide data [...]

Published
2005

29. A case-case comparison of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni infection: a tool for generating hypotheses. (Research)

Author

Gillespie, Iain A., O'Brien, Sarah J., Frost, Jennifer A., Adak, Goutam K., Horby, Peter, Swan, Anthony V., Painter, Michael J., and Neal, Keith R.

Subjects
Campylobacter infections -- Physiological aspects, Enteritis -- Diagnosis, Infection -- Microbiology
Abstract

Preventing campylobacteriosis depends on a thorough understanding of its epidemiology. We used case-case analysis to compare cases of Campylobacter coli infection with cases of C. jejuni infection, to generate hypotheses [...]

Published
2002

31. Perioperative Probiotics or Synbiotics in Adults Undergoing Elective Abdominal Surgery

Author

Chowdhury, Abeed H., Adiamah, Alfred, Kushairi, Anisa, Varadhan, Krishna K., Krznarić, Željko, Kulkarni, Anil D., Neal, Keith R., and Lobo, Dileep N.

Subjects
Probiotics, elective abdominal surgery
Abstract

Objective: To define the impact of perioperative treatment with probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Background: Postoperative surgical infection accounts for a third of all cases of sepsis, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics (preparations that combine probiotics and prebiotics) are nutritional adjuncts that are emerging as novel therapeutic modalities for preventing surgical infections. However, current evidence on their effects is conflicting. Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and WHO Global Index Medicus electronic databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating probiotics or synbiotics in adult patients undergoing elective colorectal, upper gastrointestinal, transplant, or hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery. Bibliographies of studies were also searched. The primary outcome measure was incidence of postoperative infectious complications. Secondary outcomes included incidence of noninfectious complications, mortality, length of hospital stay, and any treatment-related adverse events. Quantitative pooling of the data was undertaken using a random effects model. Results: A total of 34 randomized controlled trials reporting on 2723 participants were included. In the intervention arm, 1354 patients received prebiotic or symbiotic preparations, whereas 1369 patients in the control arm received placebo or standard care. Perioperative administration of either probiotics or synbiotics significantly reduced the risk of infectious complications following abdominal surgery [relative risk (RR) 0.56 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-0.69 ; P < 0.00001, n = 2723, I = 42%]. Synbiotics showed greater effect on postoperative infections compared with probiotics alone (synbiotics RR: 0.46 ; 95% CI: 0.33-0.66 ; P < 0.0001, n = 1399, I = 53% probiotics RR: 0.65 ; 95% CI: 0.53- 0.80 ; P < 0.0001, n = 1324, I = 18%). Synbiotics but not probiotics also led to a reduction in total length of stay (synbiotics weighted mean difference: -3.89 ; 95% CI: -6.60 to -1.18 days ; P = 0.005, n = 535, I = 91% probiotics RR: -0.65 ; 95% CI: -2.03- 0.72 ; P = 0.35, n = 294, I = 65%). There were no significant differences in mortality (RR: 0.98 ; 95% CI: 0.54- 1.80 ; P = 0.96, n = 1729, I = 0%) or noninfectious complications between the intervention and control groups. The preparations were well tolerated with no significant adverse events reported. Conclusions: Probiotics and synbiotics are safe and effective nutritional adjuncts in reducing postoperative infective complications in elective abdominal surgery. The treatment effects are greatest with synbiotics.

Published
2019

34. Carriage of meningococci by university students, United Kingdom

Author

Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A.A., Oldfield, Neil J., Bidmos, Fadil A., Abouseada, Noha M., Ahmed, Nader W., Turner, David P.J., Neal, Keith R., and Bayliss, Christopher D.

Subjects
Meningitis -- Risk factors -- Research, College students -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

To the Editor: Neisseria meningitidis causes septicemia and meningitis (1). Meningococci usually persist on the nasopharyngeal mucosa of asymptomatic carriers (2). Because carriers are the only reservoir of meningococci, carriage [...]

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Methods for determining disease burden and calibrating national surveillance data in the United Kingdom: the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community (IID2 study)

Author

Smith Gillian E, Neal Keith R, Evans Meirion R, Cowden John M, Adak Goutam K, Letley Louise H, McLauchlin Jim, Tompkins David S, Bolton Frederick J, Gray James J, Hunter Paul R, Rait Greta, O'Brien Sarah J, Smyth Brian, Tam Clarence C, and Rodrigues Laura C

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Infectious intestinal disease (IID), usually presenting as diarrhoea and vomiting, is frequently preventable. Though often mild and self-limiting, its commonness makes IID an important public health problem. In the mid 1990s around 1 in 5 people in England suffered from IID a year, costing around £0.75 billion. No routine information source describes the UK's current community burden of IID. We present here the methods for a study to determine rates and aetiology of IID in the community, presenting to primary care and recorded in national surveillance statistics. We will also outline methods to determine whether or not incidence has declined since the mid-1990s. Methods/design The Second Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in the Community (IID2 Study) comprises several separate but related studies. We use two methods to describe IID burden in the community - a retrospective telephone survey of self-reported illness and a prospective, all-age, population-based cohort study with weekly follow-up over a calendar year. Results from the two methods will be compared. To determine IID burden presenting to primary care we perform a prospective study of people presenting to their General Practitioner with symptoms of IID, in which we intervene in clinical and laboratory practice, and an audit of routine clinical and laboratory practice in primary care. We determine aetiology of IID using molecular methods for a wide range of gastrointestinal pathogens, in addition to conventional diagnostic microbiological techniques, and characterise isolates further through reference typing. Finally, we combine all our results to calibrate national surveillance data. Discussion Researchers disagree about the best method(s) to ascertain disease burden. Our study will allow an evaluation of methods to determine the community burden of IID by comparing the different approaches to estimate IID incidence in its linked components.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Variations in chemoprophylaxis for meningococcal disease: a retrospective case note review, analysis of routine prescribing data and questionnaire of general practitioners

Author

Neal Keith R and Marks Peter J

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Invasive meningococcal disease is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK. Administration of chemoprophylaxis to close contacts reduces the risk of a secondary case. However, unnecessary chemoprophylaxis may be associated with adverse reactions, increased antibiotic resistance and removal of organisms, such as Neisseria lactamica, which help to protect against meningococcal disease. Limited evidence exists to suggest that overuse of chemoprophylaxis may occur. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing of chemoprophylaxis for contacts of meningococcal disease by general practitioners and hospital staff. Methods Retrospective case note review of cases of meningococcal disease was conducted in one health district from 1st September 1997 to 31st August 1999. Routine hospital and general practitioner prescribing data was searched for chemoprophylactic prescriptions of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. A questionnaire of general practitioners was undertaken to obtain more detailed information. Results Prescribing by hospital doctors was in line with recommendations by the Consultant for Communicable Disease Control. General practitioners prescribed 118% more chemoprophylaxis than was recommended. Size of practice and training status did not affect the level of additional prescribing, but there were significant differences by geographical area. The highest levels of prescribing occurred in areas with high disease rates and associated publicity. However, some true close contacts did not appear to receive prophylaxis. Conclusions Receipt of chemoprophylaxis is affected by a series of patient, doctor and community interactions. High publicity appears to increase demand for prophylaxis. Some true contacts do not receive appropriate chemoprophylaxis and are left at an unnecessarily increased risk.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Phase Variation Mediates Reductions in Expression of Surface Proteins during Persistent Meningococcal Carriage

Author

Alamro, Mohamed, primary, Bidmos, Fadil A., additional, Chan, Hannah, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Newton, Emma, additional, Bai, Xilian, additional, Aidley, Jack, additional, Care, Rory, additional, Mattick, Claire, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Neal, Keith R., additional, Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., additional, Feavers, Ian, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, and Bayliss, Christopher D., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Identifying and testing candidate genetic polymorphisms in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): association with TNFSF15 and TNFα

Author

Swan, Caroline, primary, Duroudier, Nathalie P, additional, Campbell, Eugene, additional, Zaitoun, Abed, additional, Hastings, Margaret, additional, Dukes, George E, additional, Cox, Joanne, additional, Kelly, Fiona M, additional, Wilde, Jonathan, additional, Lennon, Mark G, additional, Neal, Keith R, additional, Whorwell, Peter J, additional, Hall, Ian P, additional, and Spiller, Robin C, additional

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Influence of the combination and phase variation status of the haemoglobin receptors HmbR and HpuAB on meningococcal virulence

Author

Tauseef, Isfahan, primary, Harrison, Odile B., additional, Wooldridge, Karl G., additional, Feavers, Ian M., additional, Neal, Keith R., additional, Gray, Stephen J., additional, Kriz, Paula, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Ala’Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., additional, Maiden, Martin C. J., additional, Bayliss, Christopher D., additional, and Shaw, J. G., additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results