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1. An Ethical Framework for Research Using Genetic Ancestry

Author

Lewis, Anna C. F., Molina, Santiago J., Appelbaum, Paul S., Dauda, Bege, Fuentes, Agustin, Fullerton, Stephanie M., Garrison, Nanibaa’ A., Ghosh, Nayanika, Green, Robert C., Hammonds, Evelynn M., Jeff, Janina M., Jones, David S., Kenny, Eimear E., Kraft, Peter, Mauro, Madelyn, Ori, Anil P. S., Panofsky, Aaron, Sohail, Mashaal, Neale, Benjamin M., and Allen, Danielle S.

Published
2023

2. Principled distillation of UK Biobank phenotype data reveals underlying structure in human variation

Author

Carey, Caitlin E., Shafee, Rebecca, Wedow, Robbee, Elliott, Amanda, Palmer, Duncan S., Compitello, John, Kanai, Masahiro, Abbott, Liam, Schultz, Patrick, Karczewski, Konrad J., Bryant, Samuel C., Cusick, Caroline M., Churchhouse, Claire, Howrigan, Daniel P., King, Daniel, Davey Smith, George, Neale, Benjamin M., Walters, Raymond K., and Robinson, Elise B.

Published
2024
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3. A genomic mutational constraint map using variation in 76,156 human genomes

Author

Chen, Siwei, Francioli, Laurent C., Goodrich, Julia K., Collins, Ryan L., Kanai, Masahiro, Wang, Qingbo, Alföldi, Jessica, Watts, Nicholas A., Vittal, Christopher, Gauthier, Laura D., Poterba, Timothy, Wilson, Michael W., Tarasova, Yekaterina, Phu, William, Grant, Riley, Yohannes, Mary T., Koenig, Zan, Farjoun, Yossi, Banks, Eric, Donnelly, Stacey, Gabriel, Stacey, Gupta, Namrata, Ferriera, Steven, Tolonen, Charlotte, Novod, Sam, Bergelson, Louis, Roazen, David, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Covarrubias, Miguel, Llanwarne, Christopher, Petrillo, Nikelle, Wade, Gordon, Jeandet, Thibault, Munshi, Ruchi, Tibbetts, Kathleen, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Solomonson, Matthew, Seed, Cotton, Martin, Alicia R., Talkowski, Michael E., Rehm, Heidi L., Daly, Mark J., Tiao, Grace, Neale, Benjamin M., MacArthur, Daniel G., and Karczewski, Konrad J.

Published
2024
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5. Inferring compound heterozygosity from large-scale exome sequencing data

Author

Guo, Michael H., Francioli, Laurent C., Stenton, Sarah L., Goodrich, Julia K., Watts, Nicholas A., Singer-Berk, Moriel, Groopman, Emily, Darnowsky, Philip W., Solomonson, Matthew, Baxter, Samantha, Tiao, Grace, Neale, Benjamin M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Rehm, Heidi L., Daly, Mark J., O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Karczewski, Konrad J., MacArthur, Daniel G., and Samocha, Kaitlin E.

Published
2024
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7. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains.

Author

Demontis, Ditte, Walters, G, Athanasiadis, Georgios, Walters, Raymond, Therrien, Karen, Nielsen, Trine, Farajzadeh, Leila, Voloudakis, Georgios, Bendl, Jaroslav, Zeng, Biau, Zhang, Wen, Grove, Jakob, Als, Thomas, Duan, Jinjie, Satterstrom, F, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Bækved-Hansen, Marie, Gudmundsson, Olafur, Magnusson, Sigurdur, Baldursson, Gisli, Davidsdottir, Katrin, Haraldsdottir, Gyda, Agerbo, Esben, Hoffman, Gabriel, Dalsgaard, Søren, Martin, Joanna, Ribasés, Marta, Boomsma, Dorret, Soler Artigas, Maria, Roth Mota, Nina, Howrigan, Daniel, Medland, Sarah, Zayats, Tetyana, Rajagopal, Veera, Nordentoft, Merete, Mors, Ole, Hougaard, David, Mortensen, Preben, Daly, Mark, Faraone, Stephen, Stefansson, Hreinn, Roussos, Panos, Franke, Barbara, Werge, Thomas, Neale, Benjamin, Stefansson, Kari, and Børglum, Anders

Subjects
Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Cognition, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Abstract

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a major genetic component. Here, we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of ADHD comprising 38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 controls. We identified 27 genome-wide significant loci, highlighting 76 potential risk genes enriched among genes expressed particularly in early brain development. Overall, ADHD genetic risk was associated with several brain-specific neuronal subtypes and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In exome-sequencing data from 17,896 individuals, we identified an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD for a set of risk genes enriched with probable causal common variants, potentially implicating SORCS3 in ADHD by both common and rare variants. Bivariate Gaussian mixture modeling estimated that 84-98% of ADHD-influencing variants are shared with other psychiatric disorders. In addition, common-variant ADHD risk was associated with impaired complex cognition such as verbal reasoning and a range of executive functions, including attention.

Published
2023

9. A systematic review of guidelines for the use of race, ethnicity, and ancestry reveals widespread consensus but also points of ongoing disagreement

Author

Mauro, Madelyn, Allen, Danielle S., Dauda, Bege, Molina, Santiago J., Neale, Benjamin M., and Lewis, Anna C. F.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract

The use of population descriptors like race, ethnicity, and ancestry in science, medicine and public health has a long, complicated, and at times dark history, particularly for genetics, given the field's perceived importance for understanding between-group differences. The historical and potential harms that come with irresponsible use of these categories suggests a clear need for definitive guidance about when and how they can be used appropriately. However, while many prior authors have provided such guidance, no established consensus exists, and the extant literature has not been examined for implied consensus and sources of disagreement. Here we present the results of a systematic review of published normative recommendations regarding the use of population categories, particularly in genetics research. Following PRISMA guidelines, we extracted recommendations from n=121 articles matching inclusion criteria. Articles were published consistently throughout the time period examined and in a broad range of journals, demonstrating an ongoing and interdisciplinary perceived need for guidance. Examined recommendations fall under one of eight themes identified during analysis. Seven are characterized by broad agreement across articles; one, Appropriate definitions of population categories and contexts for use, revealed substantial fundamental disagreement among articles. While many articles focus on the inappropriate use of race, none fundamentally problematize ancestry. This work can be a resource to researchers looking for normative guidance on the use of population descriptors, and can orient authors of future guidelines to this complex field, contributing to the development of more effective future guidelines for genetics research.

Published
2022

10. Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization in global biobank meta-analysis reveals multi-ancestry drug targets for common diseases

Author

Zhao, Huiling, Rasheed, Humaria, Nøst, Therese Haugdahl, Cho, Yoonsu, Liu, Yi, Bhatta, Laxmi, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Initiative, Global Biobank Meta-analysis, Hemani, Gibran, Smith, George Davey, Brumpton, Ben Michael, Zhou, Wei, Neale, Benjamin M, Gaunt, Tom R, and Zheng, Jie

Subjects
Epidemiology, Biological Sciences, Health Sciences, Genetics, Good Health and Well Being, Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative, complex diseases, drug target prioritization, multi-ancestry Mendelian randomization, plasma proteome
Abstract

Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) shows value in prioritizing drug targets in Europeans but with limited evidence in other ancestries. Here, we present a multi-ancestry proteome-wide MR analysis based on cross-population data from the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI). We estimated the putative causal effects of 1,545 proteins on eight diseases in African (32,658) and European (1,219,993) ancestries and identified 45 and 7 protein-disease pairs with MR and genetic colocalization evidence in the two ancestries, respectively. A multi-ancestry MR comparison identified two protein-disease pairs with MR evidence in both ancestries and seven pairs with specific effects in the two ancestries separately. Integrating these MR signals with clinical trial evidence, we prioritized 16 pairs for investigation in future drug trials. Our results highlight the value of proteome-wide MR in informing the generalizability of drug targets for disease prevention across ancestries and illustrate the value of meta-analysis of biobanks in drug development.

Published
2022

11. Multi-PGS enhances polygenic prediction by combining 937 polygenic scores

Author

Albiñana, Clara, Zhu, Zhihong, Schork, Andrew J., Ingason, Andrés, Aschard, Hugues, Brikell, Isabell, Bulik, Cynthia M., Petersen, Liselotte V., Agerbo, Esben, Grove, Jakob, Nordentoft, Merete, Hougaard, David M., Werge, Thomas, Børglum, Anders D., Mortensen, Preben Bo, McGrath, John J., Neale, Benjamin M., Privé, Florian, and Vilhjálmsson, Bjarni J.

Published
2023
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12. Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Author

Barr, Cathy L., Batterson, James R., Berlin, Cheston, Budman, Cathy L., Coppola, Giovanni, Cox, Nancy J., Darrow, Sabrina, Dion, Yves, Freimer, Nelson B., Grados, Marco A., Greenberg, Erica, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Huang, Alden Y., Illmann, Cornelia, King, Robert A., Kurlan, Roger, Leckman, James F., Lyon, Gholson J., Malaty, Irene A., McMahon, William M., Neale, Benjamin M., Okun, Michael S., Osiecki, Lisa, Robertson, Mary M., Rouleau, Guy A., Sandor, Paul, Singer, Harvey S., Smit, Jan H., Sul, Jae Hoon, Androutsos, Christos, Basha, Entela, Farkas, Luca, Fichna, Jakub, Janik, Piotr, Kapisyzi, Mira, Karagiannidis, Iordanis, Koumoula, Anastasia, Nagy, Peter, Puchala, Joanna, Szejko, Natalia, Szymanska, Urszula, Tsironi, Vaia, Apter, Alan, Ball, Juliane, Bodmer, Benjamin, Bognar, Emese, Buse, Judith, Vela, Marta Correa, Fremer, Carolin, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Gulisano, Mariangela, Hagen, Annelieke, Hagstrøm, Julie, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Pellico, Alessandra, Ruhrman, Daphna, Schnell, Jaana, Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, Skov, Liselotte, Steinberg, Tamar, Gloor, Friederike Tagwerker, Turner, Victoria L., Weidinger, Elif, Alexander, John, Aranyi, Tamas, Buisman, Wim R., Buitelaar, Jan K., Driessen, Nicole, Drineas, Petros, Fan, Siyan, Forde, Natalie J., Gerasch, Sarah, van den Heuvel, Odile A., Jespersgaard, Cathrine, Kanaan, Ahmad S., Möller, Harald E., Nawaz, Muhammad S., Nespoli, Ester, Pagliaroli, Luca, Poelmans, Geert, Pouwels, Petra J.W., Rizzo, Francesca, Veltman, Dick J., van der Werf, Ysbrand D., Widomska, Joanna, Zilhäo, Nuno R., Brown, Lawrence W., Cheon, Keun-Ah, Coffey, Barbara J., Fernandez, Thomas V., Gilbert, Donald L., Hong, Hyun Ju, Ibanez-Gomez, Laura, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Young Key, Kim, Young-Shin, Koh, Yun-Joo, Kook, Sodahm, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett L., Maras, Athanasios, Murphy, Tara L., Shin, Eun-Young, Song, Dong-Ho, Song, Jungeun, State, Matthew W., Visscher, Frank, Wang, Sheng, Zinner, Samuel H., Tsetsos, Fotis, Topaloudi, Apostolia, Jain, Pritesh, Yang, Zhiyu, Yu, Dongmei, Kolovos, Petros, Tumer, Zeynep, Rizzo, Renata, Hartmann, Andreas, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R., Cath, Danielle C., Boomsma, Dorret I., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zekanowski, Cezary, Barta, Csaba, Nemoda, Zsofia, Tarnok, Zsanett, Padmanabhuni, Shanmukha S., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Grice, Dorothy, Glennon, Jeffrey, Stefansson, Hreinn, Hengerer, Bastian, Yannaki, Evangelia, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Cardona, Francesco, Hedderly, Tammy, Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Mir, Pablo, Morer, Astrid, Mueller, Norbert, Munchau, Alexander, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Roessner, Veit, Walitza, Susanne, Schrag, Anette, Martino, Davide, Tischfield, Jay A., Heiman, Gary A., Willsey, A. Jeremy, Dietrich, Andrea, Davis, Lea K., Crowley, James J., Mathews, Carol A., Scharf, Jeremiah M., Georgitsi, Marianthi, Hoekstra, Pieter J., and Paschou, Peristera

Published
2024
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16. Getting Genetic Ancestry Right for Science and Society

Author

Lewis, Anna C. F., Molina, Santiago J., Appelbaum, Paul S, Dauda, Bege, Di Rienzo, Anna, Fuentes, Agustin, Fullerton, Stephanie M., Garrison, Nanibaa' A., Ghosh, Nayanika, Hammonds, Evelynn M., Jones, David S., Kenny, Eimear E., Kraft, Peter, Lee, Sandra S. -J., Mauro, Madelyn, Novembre, John, Panofsky, Aaron, Sohail, Mashaal, Neale, Benjamin M., and Allen, Danielle S.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

There is a scientific and ethical imperative to embrace a multidimensional, continuous view of ancestry and move away from continental ancestry categories

Published
2021
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17. Exome sequencing in bipolar disorder identifies AKAP11 as a risk gene shared with schizophrenia

Author

Palmer, Duncan S, Howrigan, Daniel P, Chapman, Sinéad B, Adolfsson, Rolf, Bass, Nick, Blackwood, Douglas, Boks, Marco PM, Chen, Chia-Yen, Churchhouse, Claire, Corvin, Aiden P, Craddock, Nicholas, Curtis, David, Di Florio, Arianna, Dickerson, Faith, Freimer, Nelson B, Goes, Fernando S, Jia, Xiaoming, Jones, Ian, Jones, Lisa, Jonsson, Lina, Kahn, Rene S, Landén, Mikael, Locke, Adam E, McIntosh, Andrew M, McQuillin, Andrew, Morris, Derek W, O’Donovan, Michael C, Ophoff, Roel A, Owen, Michael J, Pedersen, Nancy L, Posthuma, Danielle, Reif, Andreas, Risch, Neil, Schaefer, Catherine, Scott, Laura, Singh, Tarjinder, Smoller, Jordan W, Solomonson, Matthew, Clair, David St, Stahl, Eli A, Vreeker, Annabel, Walters, James TR, Wang, Weiqing, Watts, Nicholas A, Yolken, Robert, Zandi, Peter P, and Neale, Benjamin M

Subjects
Biotechnology, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Serious Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Mental Health, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mental health, A Kinase Anchor Proteins, Exome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Exome Sequencing, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

We report results from the Bipolar Exome (BipEx) collaboration analysis of whole-exome sequencing of 13,933 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) matched with 14,422 controls. We find an excess of ultra-rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in patients with BD among genes under strong evolutionary constraint in both major BD subtypes. We find enrichment of ultra-rare PTVs within genes implicated from a recent schizophrenia exome meta-analysis (SCHEMA; 24,248 cases and 97,322 controls) and among binding targets of CHD8. Genes implicated from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of BD, however, are not significantly enriched for ultra-rare PTVs. Combining gene-level results with SCHEMA, AKAP11 emerges as a definitive risk gene (odds ratio (OR) = 7.06, P = 2.83 × 10-9). At the protein level, AKAP-11 interacts with GSK3B, the hypothesized target of lithium, a primary treatment for BD. Our results lend support to BD's polygenicity, demonstrating a role for rare coding variation as a significant risk factor in BD etiology.

Published
2022

18. Antipsychotic medications and sleep problems in patients with schizophrenia

Author

Kyttälä, Aija, Kämpe, Anders, Tuulio-Henriksson, Annamari, Ahola-Olli, Ari, Wegelius, Asko, Toivola, Auli, Neale, Benjamin, Shen, Huei-yi, Västrik, Imre, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Veijola, Juha, Niemi-Pynttäri, Jussi, Häkkinen, Katja, Suokas, Kimmo, Daly, Mark, Ristiluoma, Noora, Pietiläinen, Olli, Kajanne, Risto, Hyman, Steven E., Singh, Tarjinder, Männynsalo, Teemu, Jukuri, Tuomas, Haaki, Willehard, Cederlöf, Erik, Holm, Minna, Taipale, Heidi, Tiihonen, Jari, Tanskanen, Antti, Lähteenvuo, Markku, Lahdensuo, Kaisla, Kampman, Olli, Isometsä, Erkki, Kieseppä, Tuula, Palotie, Aarno, Suvisaari, Jaana, and Paunio, Tiina

Published
2024
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19. Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Author

Niemi, Mari EK, Karjalainen, Juha, Liao, Rachel G, Neale, Benjamin M, Daly, Mark, Ganna, Andrea, Davis, Lea, Lee, Sulggi, Priest, James, Renieri, Alessandra, Sankaran, Vijay G, van Heel, David, Deelen, Patrick, Richards, J Brent, Nakanishi, Tomoko, Biesecker, Les, Kerchberger, V Eric, Baillie, J Kenneth, Mari, Francesca, Bernasconi, Anna, Baillie, Stefano Ceri, Canakoglu, Arif, Chang, Xiao, Glessner, Joseph R, and Hakonarson, Hakon

Subjects
Genetics, Prevention, Human Genome, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Lung, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia, Infectious Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Autoimmunity, Body Mass Index, COVID-19, Critical Illness, Female, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Geographic Mapping, Hospitalization, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Inflammation, Information Dissemination, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Racial Groups, SARS-CoV-2, Smoking, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-191,2, host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases3-7. They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.

Published
2021

20. Schizophrenia risk conferred by rare protein-truncating variants is conserved across diverse human populations

Author

Liu, Dongjing, Meyer, Dara, Fennessy, Brian, Feng, Claudia, Cheng, Esther, Johnson, Jessica S., Park, You Jeong, Rieder, Marysia-Kolbe, Ascolillo, Steven, de Pins, Agathe, Dobbyn, Amanda, Lebovitch, Dannielle, Moya, Emily, Nguyen, Tan-Hoang, Wilkins, Lillian, Hassan, Arsalan, Burdick, Katherine E., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Domenici, Enrico, Frangou, Sophia, Hartmann, Annette M., Laurent-Levinson, Claudine, Malhotra, Dheeraj, Pato, Carlos N., Pato, Michele T., Ressler, Kerry, Roussos, Panos, Rujescu, Dan, Arango, Celso, Bertolino, Alessandro, Blasi, Giuseppe, Bocchio-Chiavetto, Luisella, Campion, Dominique, Carr, Vaughan, Fullerton, Janice M., Gennarelli, Massimo, González-Peñas, Javier, Levinson, Douglas F., Mowry, Bryan, Nimgaokar, Vishwajit L., Pergola, Giulio, Rampino, Antonio, Cervilla, Jorge A., Rivera, Margarita, Schwab, Sibylle G., Wildenauer, Dieter B., Daly, Mark, Neale, Benjamin, Singh, Tarjinder, O’Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Walters, James T., Ayub, Muhammad, Malhotra, Anil K., Lencz, Todd, Sullivan, Patrick F., Sklar, Pamela, Stahl, Eli A., Huckins, Laura M., and Charney, Alexander W.

Published
2023
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21. Author Correction: A genomic mutational constraint map using variation in 76,156 human genomes

Author

Chen, Siwei, Francioli, Laurent C., Goodrich, Julia K., Collins, Ryan L., Kanai, Masahiro, Wang, Qingbo, Alföldi, Jessica, Watts, Nicholas A., Vittal, Christopher, Gauthier, Laura D., Poterba, Timothy, Wilson, Michael W., Tarasova, Yekaterina, Phu, William, Grant, Riley, Yohannes, Mary T., Koenig, Zan, Farjoun, Yossi, Banks, Eric, Donnelly, Stacey, Gabriel, Stacey, Gupta, Namrata, Ferriera, Steven, Tolonen, Charlotte, Novod, Sam, Bergelson, Louis, Roazen, David, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Covarrubias, Miguel, Llanwarne, Christopher, Petrillo, Nikelle, Wade, Gordon, Jeandet, Thibault, Munshi, Ruchi, Tibbetts, Kathleen, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Solomonson, Matthew, Seed, Cotton, Martin, Alicia R., Talkowski, Michael E., Rehm, Heidi L., Daly, Mark J., Tiao, Grace, Neale, Benjamin M., MacArthur, Daniel G., and Karczewski, Konrad J.

Published
2024
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22. SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Author

D’Antonio, Matteo, Nguyen, Jennifer P, Arthur, Timothy D, Matsui, Hiroko, Neale, Benjamin M, Daly, Mark, Ganna, Andrea, Stevens, Christine, Pathak, Gita A, Andrews, Shea J, Kanai, Masahiro, Cordioli, Mattia, Karjalainen, Juha, Polimanti, Renato, Pirinen, Matti, Harerimana, Nadia, Veerapen, Kumar, Wolford, Brooke, Nguyen, Huy, Solomonson, Matthew, Liao, Rachel G, Chwialkowska, Karolina, Trankiem, Amy, Balaconis, Mary K, Hayward, Caroline, Richmond, Anne, Campbell, Archie, Morris, Marcela, Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe, Glessner, Joseph T, Shaw, Douglas M, Chang, Xiao, Polikowski, Hannah, Lauren, E, Chen, Hung-Hsin, Wanying, Zhu, Hakonarson, Hakon, Porteous, David J, Below, Jennifer, North, Kari, McCormick, Joseph B, Timmers, Paul RHJ, Wilson, James F, Tenesa, Albert, D’Mellow, Kenton, Kerr, Shona M, Niemi, Mari EK, Nkambul, Lindokuhle, von Hohenstaufen, Kathrin Aprile, Sobh, Ali, Eltoukhy, Madonna M, Yassen, Amr M, Hegazy, Mohamed AF, Okasha, Kamal, Eid, Mohammed A, Moahmed, Hanteera S, Shahin, Doaa, El-Sherbiny, Yasser M, Elhadidy, Tamer A, Elghafar, Mohamed S Abd, El-Jawhari, Jehan J, Mohamed, Attia AS, Elnagdy, Marwa H, Samir, Amr, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud, Khafaga, Walid T, El-Lawaty, Walaa M, Torky, Mohamed S, El-shanshory, Mohamed R, Batini, Chiara, Lee, Paul H, Shrine, Nick, Williams, Alexander T, Tobin, Martin D, Guyatt, Anna L, John, Catherine, Packer, Richard J, Ali, Altaf, Free, Robert C, Wang, Xueyang, Wain, Louise V, Hollox, Edward J, Venn, Laura D, Bee, Catherine E, Adams, Emma L, Niavarani, Ahmadreza, Sharififard, Bahareh, Aliannejad, Rasoul, Amirsavadkouhi, Ali, and Naderpour, Zeinab

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Lung, Coronaviruses, Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses Disparities and At-Risk Populations, Biotechnology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Chromosome Mapping, Computational Biology, Databases, Genetic, Ethnicity, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Organ Specificity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, Transcriptome, COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, GWAS, colocalization, eQTL, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Physiology, Biological sciences
Abstract

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types.

Published
2021

23. Investigating rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic exonic variation in bipolar disorder.

Author

Jia, Xiaoming, Goes, Fernando S, Locke, Adam E, Palmer, Duncan, Wang, Weiqing, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Genovese, Giulio, Jackson, Anne U, Jiang, Chen, Kvale, Mark, Mullins, Niamh, Nguyen, Hoang, Pirooznia, Mehdi, Rivera, Margarita, Ruderfer, Douglas M, Shen, Ling, Thai, Khanh, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhuang, Yongwen, Abecasis, Gonçalo, Akil, Huda, Bergen, Sarah, Burmeister, Margit, Chapman, Sinéad, DelaBastide, Melissa, Juréus, Anders, Kang, Hyun Min, Kwok, Pui-Yan, Li, Jun Z, Levy, Shawn E, Monson, Eric T, Moran, Jennifer, Sobell, Janet, Watson, Stanley, Willour, Virginia, Zöllner, Sebastian, Adolfsson, Rolf, Blackwood, Douglas, Boehnke, Michael, Breen, Gerome, Corvin, Aiden, Craddock, Nick, DiFlorio, Arianna, Hultman, Christina M, Landen, Mikael, Lewis, Cathryn, McCarroll, Steven A, Richard McCombie, W, McGuffin, Peter, McIntosh, Andrew, McQuillin, Andrew, Morris, Derek, Myers, Richard M, O'Donovan, Michael, Ophoff, Roel, Boks, Marco, Kahn, Rene, Ouwehand, Willem, Owen, Michael, Pato, Carlos, Pato, Michele, Posthuma, Danielle, Potash, James B, Reif, Andreas, Sklar, Pamela, Smoller, Jordan, Sullivan, Patrick F, Vincent, John, Walters, James, Neale, Benjamin, Purcell, Shaun, Risch, Neil, Schaefer, Catherine, Stahl, Eli A, Zandi, Peter P, and Scott, Laura J

Subjects
Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Exome, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Clinical Research, Human Genome, Serious Mental Illness, Genetics, Mental Health, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious mental illness with substantial common variant heritability. However, the role of rare coding variation in BD is not well established. We examined the protein-coding (exonic) sequences of 3,987 unrelated individuals with BD and 5,322 controls of predominantly European ancestry across four cohorts from the Bipolar Sequencing Consortium (BSC). We assessed the burden of rare, protein-altering, single nucleotide variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P-LP) both exome-wide and within several groups of genes with phenotypic or biologic plausibility in BD. While we observed an increased burden of rare coding P-LP variants within 165 genes identified as BD GWAS regions in 3,987 BD cases (meta-analysis OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3-2.8, one-sided p = 6.0 × 10-4), this enrichment did not replicate in an additional 9,929 BD cases and 14,018 controls (OR = 0.9, one-side p = 0.70). Although BD shares common variant heritability with schizophrenia, in the BSC sample we did not observe a significant enrichment of P-LP variants in SCZ GWAS genes, in two classes of neuronal synaptic genes (RBFOX2 and FMRP) associated with SCZ or in loss-of-function intolerant genes. In this study, the largest analysis of exonic variation in BD, individuals with BD do not carry a replicable enrichment of rare P-LP variants across the exome or in any of several groups of genes with biologic plausibility. Moreover, despite a strong shared susceptibility between BD and SCZ through common genetic variation, we do not observe an association between BD risk and rare P-LP coding variants in genes known to modulate risk for SCZ.

Published
2021

25. Problems with Using Polygenic Scores to Select Embryos

Author

Turley, Patrick, Meyer, Michelle N, Wang, Nancy, Cesarini, David, Hammonds, Evelynn, Martin, Alicia R, Neale, Benjamin M, Rehm, Heidi L, Wilkins-Haug, Louise, Benjamin, Daniel J, Hyman, Steven, Laibson, David, and Visscher, Peter M

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Aging, Educational Status, Embryo, Mammalian, Fertilization in Vitro, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Testing, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Preimplantation Diagnosis, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Companies have recently begun to sell a new service to patients considering in vitro fertilization: embryo selection based on polygenic scores (ESPS). These scores represent individualized predictions of health and other outcomes derived from genomewide association studies in adults to partially predict these outcomes. This article includes a discussion of many factors that lower the predictive power of polygenic scores in the context of embryo selection and quantifies these effects for a variety of clinical and nonclinical traits. Also discussed are potential unintended consequences of ESPS (including selecting for adverse traits, altering population demographics, exacerbating inequalities in society, and devaluing certain traits). Recommendations for the responsible communication about ESPS by practitioners are provided, and a call for a society-wide conversation about this technology is made. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging and others.).

Published
2021

26. Examining Sex-Differentiated Genetic Effects Across Neuropsychiatric and Behavioral Traits.

Author

Martin, Joanna, Khramtsova, Ekaterina A, Goleva, Slavina B, Blokland, Gabriëlla AM, Traglia, Michela, Walters, Raymond K, Hübel, Christopher, Coleman, Jonathan RI, Breen, Gerome, Børglum, Anders D, Demontis, Ditte, Grove, Jakob, Werge, Thomas, Bralten, Janita, Bulik, Cynthia M, Lee, Phil H, Mathews, Carol A, Peterson, Roseann E, Winham, Stacey J, Wray, Naomi, Edenberg, Howard J, Guo, Wei, Yao, Yin, Neale, Benjamin M, Faraone, Stephen V, Petryshen, Tracey L, Weiss, Lauren A, Duncan, Laramie E, Goldstein, Jill M, Smoller, Jordan W, Stranger, Barbara E, Davis, Lea K, and Sex Differences Cross-Disorder Analysis Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium

Subjects
Sex Differences Cross-Disorder Analysis Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Humans, Sex Characteristics, Multifactorial Inheritance, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Behavioral, GWAS, Genetic correlation, Heritability, Psychiatric, Sex differences, Prevention, Genetics, Mental Health, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

BackgroundThe origin of sex differences in prevalence and presentation of neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits is largely unknown. Given established genetic contributions and correlations, we tested for a sex-differentiated genetic architecture within and between traits.MethodsUsing European ancestry genome-wide association summary statistics for 20 neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits, we tested for sex differences in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and genetic correlation (rg < 1). For each trait, we computed per-SNP z scores from sex-stratified regression coefficients and identified genes with sex-differentiated effects using a gene-based approach. We calculated correlation coefficients between z scores to test for shared sex-differentiated effects. Finally, we tested for sex differences in across-trait genetic correlations.ResultsWe observed no consistent sex differences in SNP-based heritability. Between-sex, within-trait genetic correlations were high, although

Published
2021

28. A unified framework for estimating country-specific cumulative incidence for 18 diseases stratified by polygenic risk

Author

Jermy, Bradley, Läll, Kristi, Wolford, Brooke N., Wang, Ying, Zguro, Kristina, Cheng, Yipeng, Kanai, Masahiro, Kanoni, Stavroula, Yang, Zhiyu, Hartonen, Tuomo, Monti, Remo, Wanner, Julian, Youssef, Omar, Lippert, Christoph, van Heel, David, Okada, Yukinori, McCartney, Daniel L., Hayward, Caroline, Marioni, Riccardo E., Furini, Simone, Renieri, Alessandra, Martin, Alicia R., Neale, Benjamin M., Hveem, Kristian, Mägi, Reedik, Palotie, Aarno, Heyne, Henrike, Mars, Nina, Ganna, Andrea, and Ripatti, Samuli

Published
2024
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30. Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Author

Demontis, Ditte, Walters, Raymond K, Rajagopal, Veera M, Waldman, Irwin D, Grove, Jakob, Als, Thomas D, Dalsgaard, Søren, Ribasés, Marta, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Bækvad-Hansen, Maria, Werge, Thomas, Nordentoft, Merete, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), Cormand, Bru, Hougaard, David M, Neale, Benjamin M, Franke, Barbara, Faraone, Stephen V, and Børglum, Anders D

Subjects
ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Comorbidity, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Child, China, Europe, Female, Male, Genome-Wide Association Study, Violence Research, Prevention, Pediatric, Genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Human Genome, Behavioral and Social Science, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health
Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood psychiatric disorder often comorbid with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). Here, we report a GWAS meta-analysis of ADHD comorbid with DBDs (ADHD + DBDs) including 3802 cases and 31,305 controls. We identify three genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 1, 7, and 11. A meta-analysis including a Chinese cohort supports that the locus on chromosome 11 is a strong risk locus for ADHD + DBDs across European and Chinese ancestries (rs7118422, P = 3.15×10-10, OR = 1.17). We find a higher SNP heritability for ADHD + DBDs (h2SNP = 0.34) when compared to ADHD without DBDs (h2SNP = 0.20), high genetic correlations between ADHD + DBDs and aggressive (rg = 0.81) and anti-social behaviors (rg = 0.82), and an increased burden (polygenic score) of variants associated with ADHD and aggression in ADHD + DBDs compared to ADHD without DBDs. Our results suggest an increased load of common risk variants in ADHD + DBDs compared to ADHD without DBDs, which in part can be explained by variants associated with aggressive behavior.

Published
2021

31. Synaptic processes and immune-related pathways implicated in Tourette syndrome.

Author

Tsetsos, Fotis, Yu, Dongmei, Sul, Jae Hoon, Huang, Alden Y, Illmann, Cornelia, Osiecki, Lisa, Darrow, Sabrina M, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Greenberg, Erica, Muller-Vahl, Kirsten R, Stuhrmann, Manfred, Dion, Yves, Rouleau, Guy A, Aschauer, Harald, Stamenkovic, Mara, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Sandor, Paul, Barr, Cathy L, Grados, Marco A, Singer, Harvey S, Nöthen, Markus M, Hebebrand, Johannes, Hinney, Anke, King, Robert A, Fernandez, Thomas V, Barta, Csaba, Tarnok, Zsanett, Nagy, Peter, Depienne, Christel, Worbe, Yulia, Hartmann, Andreas, Budman, Cathy L, Rizzo, Renata, Lyon, Gholson J, McMahon, William M, Batterson, James R, Cath, Danielle C, Malaty, Irene A, Okun, Michael S, Berlin, Cheston, Woods, Douglas W, Lee, Paul C, Jankovic, Joseph, Robertson, Mary M, Gilbert, Donald L, Brown, Lawrence W, Coffey, Barbara J, Dietrich, Andrea, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Kuperman, Samuel, Zinner, Samuel H, Wagner, Michael, Knowles, James A, Jeremy Willsey, A, Tischfield, Jay A, Heiman, Gary A, Cox, Nancy J, Freimer, Nelson B, Neale, Benjamin M, Davis, Lea K, Coppola, Giovanni, Mathews, Carol A, Scharf, Jeremiah M, Paschou, Peristera, Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics, Darrow, Sabrina, Kurlan, Roger, Leckman, James F, Smit, Jan H, and Gilles de la Tourette GWAS Replication Initiative

Subjects
Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics, Gilles de la Tourette GWAS Replication Initiative, Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Tourette Syndrome Working Group, Neurons, Humans, Tourette Syndrome, Genotype, Genome-Wide Association Study, Mental Health, Genetics, Neurosciences, Human Genome, Brain Disorders, Biotechnology, Neurodegenerative, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology
Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic architecture involving multiple interacting genes. Here, we sought to elucidate the pathways that underlie the neurobiology of the disorder through genome-wide analysis. We analyzed genome-wide genotypic data of 3581 individuals with TS and 7682 ancestry-matched controls and investigated associations of TS with sets of genes that are expressed in particular cell types and operate in specific neuronal and glial functions. We employed a self-contained, set-based association method (SBA) as well as a competitive gene set method (MAGMA) using individual-level genotype data to perform a comprehensive investigation of the biological background of TS. Our SBA analysis identified three significant gene sets after Bonferroni correction, implicating ligand-gated ion channel signaling, lymphocytic, and cell adhesion and transsynaptic signaling processes. MAGMA analysis further supported the involvement of the cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set. The lymphocytic gene set was driven by variants in FLT3, raising an intriguing hypothesis for the involvement of a neuroinflammatory element in TS pathogenesis. The indications of involvement of ligand-gated ion channel signaling reinforce the role of GABA in TS, while the association of cell adhesion and trans-synaptic signaling gene set provides additional support for the role of adhesion molecules in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study reinforces previous findings but also provides new insights into the neurobiology of TS.

Published
2021

32. Schizophrenia-associated somatic copy-number variants from 12,834 cases reveal recurrent NRXN1 and ABCB11 disruptions

Author

Marshall, Christian R., Merico, Daniele, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Wang, Zhouzhi, Scherer, Stephen W., Howrigan, Daniel P, Ripke, Stephan, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Farh, Kai-How, Fromer, Menachem, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Huang, Hailiang, Lee, Phil, Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Chambert, Kimberley D., O'Dushlaine, Colm, Scolnick, Edward M., Smoller, Jordan W., Moran, Jennifer L., Palotie, Aarno, Petryshen, Tracey L., Wu, Wenting, Greer, Douglas S., Antaki, Danny, Shetty, Aniket, Gujral, Madhusudan, Brandler, William M., Malhotra, Dheeraj, Fuentes Fajarado, Karin V., Maile, Michelle S., Holmans, Peter A., Carrera, Noa, Craddock, Nick, Escott-Price, Valentina, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Hamshere, Marian L., Kavanagh, David, Legge, Sophie E., Pocklington, Andrew J., Richards, Alexander L., Ruderfer, Douglas M., Williams, Nigel M., Kirov, George, Owen, Michael J., Pinto, Dalila, Cai, Guiqing, Davis, Kenneth L., Drapeau, Elodie, Friedman, Joseph I, Haroutunian, Vahram, Parkhomenko, Elena, Reichenberg, Abraham, Silverman, Jeremy M., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Domenici, Enrico, Agartz, Ingrid, Djurovic, Srdjan, Mattingsdal, Morten, Melle, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Söderman, Erik, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Laurent, Claudine, Levinson, Douglas F., Amin, Farooq, Atkins, Joshua, Cairns, Murray J., Scott, Rodney J., Tooney, Paul A., Wu, Jing Qin, Bacanu, Silviu A., Bigdeli, Tim B., Reimers, Mark A., Webb, Bradley T., Wolen, Aaron R., Wormley, Brandon K., Kendler, Kenneth S., Riley, Brien P., Kähler, Anna K., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Hultman, Christina M., Bertalan, Marcelo, Hansen, Thomas, Olsen, Line, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Werge, Thomas, Mattheisen, Manuel, Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Roffman, Joshua L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Kahn, René S, Strengman, Eric, Ophoff, Roel A., Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley V., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Michie, Patricia T., Pantelis, Christos, Schall, Ulrich, Jablensky, Assen V., Kelly, Brian J., Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, C. Robert, Svrakic, Dragan M, Cohen, David, Cormican, Paul, Donohoe, Gary, Morris, Derek W., Corvin, Aiden, Gill, Michael, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James J., Farrell, Martilias S., Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Kim, Yunjung, Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Williams, Stephanie, Curtis, David, Pimm, Jonathan, Gurling, Hugh, McQuillin, Andrew, Davidson, Michael, Weiser, Mark, Degenhardt, Franziska, Forstner, Andreas J., Herms, Stefan, Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Cichon, Sven, Nöthen, Markus M., Del Favero, Jurgen, DeLisi, Lynn E., McCarley, Robert W., Levy, Deborah L., Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Seidman, Larry J., Dikeos, Dimitris, Papadimitriou, George N., Dinan, Timothy, Duan, Jubao, Sanders, Alan R., Gejman, Pablo V., Gershon, Elliot S., Dudbridge, Frank, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Salomaa, Veikko, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Knowles, James A., Pato, Michele T., Pato, Carlos N., Frank, Josef, Meier, Sandra, Schulze, Thomas G., Strohmaier, Jana, Witt, Stephanie H., Rietschel, Marcella, Franke, Lude, Karjalainen, Juha, Freedman, Robert, Olincy, Ann, Freimer, Nelson B., Purcell, Shaun M., Roussos, Panos, Stahl, Eli A., Sklar, Pamela, Giegling, Ina, Hartmann, Annette M., Konte, Bettina, Rujescu, Dan, Godard, Stephanie, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Pers, Tune H., Price, Alkes, Esko, Tõnu, Gratten, Jacob, Lee, S. Hong, Visscher, Peter M., Wray, Naomi R., Mowry, Bryan J., de Haan, Lieuwe, Meijer, Carin J., Hansen, Mark, Ikeda, Masashi, Iwata, Nakao, Joa, Inge, Kalaydjieva, Luba, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Zai, Clement C., Knight, Jo, Lerer, Bernard, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Stroup, T. Scott, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Suvisaari, Jaana, Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Metspalu, Andres, Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Collier, David A., Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Powell, John, Myin-Germeys, Inez, Van Os, Jim, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Pulver, Ann E., Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, Adolfsson, Rolf, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, Oh, Sang-Yun, O'Neill, F. Anthony, Paunio, Tiina, Pietiläinen, Olli, Perkins, Diana O., Quested, Digby, Savitz, Adam, Li, Qingqin S., Schwab, Sibylle G., Shi, Jianxin, Spencer, Chris C.A., Thirumalai, Srinivas, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Bramon, Elvira, Darvasi, Ariel, Posthuma, Danielle, St. Clair, David, Shanta, Omar, Klein, Marieke, Park, Peter J., Weinberger, Daniel, Moran, John V., Gage, Fred H., Vaccarino, Flora M., Gleeson, Joseph, Mathern, Gary, Courchesne, Eric, Roy, Subhojit, Bizzotto, Sara, Coulter, Michael, Dias, Caroline, D'Gama, Alissa, Ganz, Javier, Hill, Robert, Huang, August Yue, Khoshkhoo, Sattar, Kim, Sonia, Lodato, Michael, Miller, Michael, Borges-Monroy, Rebeca, Rodin, Rachel, Zhou, Zinan, Bohrson, Craig, Chu, Chong, Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro, Dou, Yanmei, Galor, Alon, Gulhan, Doga, Kwon, Minseok, Luquette, Joe, Viswanadham, Vinay, Jones, Attila, Rosenbluh, Chaggai, Cho, Sean, Langmead, Ben, Thorpe, Jeremy, Erwin, Jennifer, Jaffe, Andrew, McConnell, Michael, Narurkar, Rujuta, Paquola, Apua, Shin, Jooheon, Straub, Richard, Abyzov, Alexej, Bae, Taejeong, Jang, Yeongjun, Wang, Yifan, Gage, Fred, Linker, Sara, Reed, Patrick, Wang, Meiyan, Urban, Alexander, Zhou, Bo, Zhu, Xiaowei, Pattni, Reenal, Amero, Aitor Serres, Juan, David, Lobon, Irene, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Moruno, Manuel Solis, Perez, Raquel Garcia, Povolotskaya, Inna, Soriano, Eduardo, Averbuj, Dan, Ball, Laurel, Breuss, Martin, Yang, Xiaoxu, Chung, Changuk, Emery, Sarah B., Flasch, Diane A., Kidd, Jeffrey M., Kopera, Huira C., Kwan, Kenneth Y., Mills, Ryan E., Moldovan, John B., Sun, Chen, Zhao, Xuefang, Zhou, Weichen, Frisbie, Trenton J., Cherskov, Adriana, Fasching, Liana, Jourdon, Alexandre, Pochareddy, Sirisha, Scuderi, Soraya, Sestan, Nenad, Maury, Eduardo A., Sherman, Maxwell A., Genovese, Giulio, Gilgenast, Thomas G., Kamath, Tushar, Burris, S.J., Rajarajan, Prashanth, Flaherty, Erin, Akbarian, Schahram, Chess, Andrew, McCarroll, Steven A., Loh, Po-Ru, Phillips-Cremins, Jennifer E., Brennand, Kristen J., Macosko, Evan Z., Walters, James T.R., O’Donovan, Michael, Sullivan, Patrick, Sebat, Jonathan, Lee, Eunjung A., and Walsh, Christopher A.

Published
2023
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33. Multi-ancestry meta-analysis identifies 5 novel loci for ischemic stroke and reveals heterogeneity of effects between sexes and ancestries

Author

Surakka, Ida, Wu, Kuan-Han, Hornsby, Whitney, Wolford, Brooke N., Shen, Fred, Zhou, Wei, Huffman, Jennifer E., Pandit, Anita, Hu, Yao, Brumpton, Ben, Skogholt, Anne Heidi, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Walters, Robin G., Hveem, Kristian, Kooperberg, Charles, Zöllner, Sebastian, Wilson, Peter W.F., Sutton, Nadia R., Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., and Willer, Cristen J.

Published
2023
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34. The genetic architecture of sporadic and multiple consecutive miscarriage.

Author

Laisk, Triin, Soares, Ana Luiza G, Ferreira, Teresa, Painter, Jodie N, Censin, Jenny C, Laber, Samantha, Bacelis, Jonas, Chen, Chia-Yen, Lepamets, Maarja, Lin, Kuang, Liu, Siyang, Millwood, Iona Y, Ramu, Avinash, Southcombe, Jennifer, Andersen, Marianne S, Yang, Ling, Becker, Christian M, Børglum, Anders D, Gordon, Scott D, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Helgeland, Øyvind, Hougaard, David M, Jin, Xin, Johansson, Stefan, Juodakis, Julius, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Kukushkina, Viktorija, Lind, Penelope A, Metspalu, Andres, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Andrew P, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben B, Njølstad, Pål R, Nordentoft, Merete, Nyholt, Dale R, Lippincott, Margaret, Seminara, Stephanie, Salumets, Andres, Snieder, Harold, Zondervan, Krina, Werge, Thomas, Chen, Zhengming, Conrad, Donald F, Jacobsson, Bo, Li, Liming, Martin, Nicholas G, Neale, Benjamin M, Nielsen, Rasmus, Walters, Robin G, Granne, Ingrid, Medland, Sarah E, Mägi, Reedik, Lawlor, Deborah A, and Lindgren, Cecilia M

Abstract

Miscarriage is a common, complex trait affecting ~15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies. Here we present the results of large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,054 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage, 750 cases of European ancestry for multiple (≥3) consecutive miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.2%, P = 3.2 × 10-8, odds ratio (OR) = 1.4) for sporadic miscarriage in our European ancestry meta-analysis and three genome-wide significant associations for multiple consecutive miscarriage (rs7859844, MAF = 6.4%, P = 1.3 × 10-8, OR = 1.7; rs143445068, MAF = 0.8%, P = 5.2 × 10-9, OR = 3.4; rs183453668, MAF = 0.5%, P = 2.8 × 10-8, OR = 3.8). We further investigate the genetic architecture of miscarriage with biobank-scale Mendelian randomization, heritability, and genetic correlation analyses. Our results show that miscarriage etiopathogenesis is partly driven by genetic variation potentially related to placental biology, and illustrate the utility of large-scale biobank data for understanding this pregnancy complication.

Published
2020

35. Dynamic incorporation of multiple in silico functional annotations empowers rare variant association analysis of large whole-genome sequencing studies at scale.

Author

Li, Xihao, Li, Zilin, Zhou, Hufeng, Gaynor, Sheila M, Liu, Yaowu, Chen, Han, Sun, Ryan, Dey, Rounak, Arnett, Donna K, Aslibekyan, Stella, Ballantyne, Christie M, Bielak, Lawrence F, Blangero, John, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bowden, Donald W, Broome, Jai G, Conomos, Matthew P, Correa, Adolfo, Cupples, L Adrienne, Curran, Joanne E, Freedman, Barry I, Guo, Xiuqing, Hindy, George, Irvin, Marguerite R, Kardia, Sharon LR, Kathiresan, Sekar, Khan, Alyna T, Kooperberg, Charles L, Laurie, Cathy C, Liu, X Shirley, Mahaney, Michael C, Manichaikul, Ani W, Martin, Lisa W, Mathias, Rasika A, McGarvey, Stephen T, Mitchell, Braxton D, Montasser, May E, Moore, Jill E, Morrison, Alanna C, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Palmer, Nicholette D, Pampana, Akhil, Peralta, Juan M, Peyser, Patricia A, Psaty, Bruce M, Redline, Susan, Rice, Kenneth M, Rich, Stephen S, Smith, Jennifer A, Tiwari, Hemant K, Tsai, Michael Y, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Wang, Fei Fei, Weeks, Daniel E, Weng, Zhiping, Wilson, James G, Yanek, Lisa R, NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, TOPMed Lipids Working Group, Neale, Benjamin M, Sunyaev, Shamil R, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Rotter, Jerome I, Willer, Cristen J, Peloso, Gina M, Natarajan, Pradeep, and Lin, Xihong

Subjects
NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, TOPMed Lipids Working Group, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Phenotype, Genome, Models, Genetic, Computer Simulation, Cholesterol, LDL, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Whole Genome Sequencing, Models, Genetic, Cholesterol, LDL, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies have enabled the analysis of rare variants (RVs) associated with complex phenotypes. Commonly used RV association tests have limited scope to leverage variant functions. We propose STAAR (variant-set test for association using annotation information), a scalable and powerful RV association test method that effectively incorporates both variant categories and multiple complementary annotations using a dynamic weighting scheme. For the latter, we introduce 'annotation principal components', multidimensional summaries of in silico variant annotations. STAAR accounts for population structure and relatedness and is scalable for analyzing very large cohort and biobank whole-genome sequencing studies of continuous and dichotomous traits. We applied STAAR to identify RVs associated with four lipid traits in 12,316 discovery and 17,822 replication samples from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program. We discovered and replicated new RV associations, including disruptive missense RVs of NPC1L1 and an intergenic region near APOC1P1 associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Published
2020

36. Identification of shared and differentiating genetic architecture for autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and case subgroups

Author

Mattheisen, Manuel, Grove, Jakob, Als, Thomas D., Martin, Joanna, Voloudakis, Georgios, Meier, Sandra, Demontis, Ditte, Bendl, Jaroslav, Walters, Raymond, Carey, Caitlin E., Rosengren, Anders, Strom, Nora I., Hauberg, Mads Engel, Zeng, Biao, Hoffman, Gabriel, Zhang, Wen, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Agerbo, Esben, Cormand, Bru, Nordentoft, Merete, Werge, Thomas, Mors, Ole, Hougaard, David M., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Faraone, Stephen V., Franke, Barbara, Dalsgaard, Søren, Mortensen, Preben B., Robinson, Elise B., Roussos, Panos, Neale, Benjamin M., Daly, Mark J., and Børglum, Anders D.

Published
2022
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38. Using brain cell-type-specific protein interactomes to interpret neurodevelopmental genetic signals in schizophrenia

Author

Ripke, Stephan, Neale, Benjamin M., Corvin, Aiden, Walters, James T.R., Farh, Kai-How, Holmans, Peter A., Lee, Phil, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Collier, David A., Huang, Hailiang, Pers, Tune H., Agartz, Ingrid, Agerbo, Esben, Albus, Margot, Alexander, Madeline, Amin, Farooq, Bacanu, Silviu A., Begemann, Martin, Belliveau, Richard A., Jr., Bene, Judit, Bergen, Sarah E., Bevilacqua, Elizabeth, Bigdeli, Tim B., Black, Donald W., Bruggeman, Richard, Buccola, Nancy G., Buckner, Randy L., Byerley, William, Cahn, Wiepke, Cai, Guiqing, Campion, Dominique, Cantor, Rita M., Carr, Vaughan J., Carrera, Noa, Catts, Stanley V., Chambert, Kimberley D., Chan, Raymond C.K., Chan, Ronald Y.L., Chen, Eric Y.H., Cheng, Wei, Cheung, Eric FC., Chong, Siow Ann, Cloninger, C. Robert, Cohen, David, Cohen, Nadine, Cormican, Paul, Craddock, Nick, Crowley, James J., Curtis, David, Davidson, Michael, Davis, Kenneth L., Degenhardt, Franziska, Del Favero, Jurgen, Demontis, Ditte, Dikeos, Dimitris, Dinan, Timothy, Djurovic, Srdjan, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Dudbridge, Frank, Durmishi, Naser, Eichhammer, Peter, Eriksson, Johan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Essioux, Laurent, Fanous, Ayman H., Farrell, Martilias S., Frank, Josef, Franke, Lude, Freedman, Robert, Freimer, Nelson B., Friedl, Marion, Friedman, Joseph I., Fromer, Menachem, Genovese, Giulio, Georgieva, Lyudmila, Giegling, Ina, Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola, Godard, Stephanie, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., Golimbet, Vera, Gopal, Srihari, Gratten, Jacob, de Haan, Lieuwe, Hammer, Christian, Hamshere, Marian L., Hansen, Mark, Hansen, Thomas, Haroutunian, Vahram, Hartmann, Annette M., Henskens, Frans A., Herms, Stefan, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoffmann, Per, Hofman, Andrea, Hollegaard, Mads V., Hougaard, David M., Ikeda, Masashi, Joa, Inge, Julià, Antonio, Kahn, René S., Kalaydjieva, Luba, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Karjalainen, Juha, Kavanagh, David, Keller, Matthew C., Kennedy, James L., Khrunin, Andrey, Kim, Yunjung, Klovins, Janis, Knowles, James A., Konte, Bettina, Kucinskas, Vaidutis, Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele, Kuzelova-Ptackova, Hana, Kähler, Anna K., Laurent, Claudine, Lee, Jimmy, Lee, S. Hong, Legge, Sophie E., Lerer, Bernard, Li, Miaoxin, Li, Tao, Liang, Kung-Yee, Lieberman, Jeffrey, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel M., Lubinski, Jan, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Macek, Milan, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Maher, Brion S., Maier, Wolfgang, Mallet, Jacques, Marsal, Sara, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mattingsdal, Morten, McCarley, Robert W., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., Meier, Sandra, Meijer, Carin J., Melegh, Bela, Melle, Ingrid, Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Metspalu, Andres, Michie, Patricia T., Milani, Lili, Milanova, Vihra, Mokrab, Younes, Morris, Derek W., Mors, Ole, Murphy, Kieran C., Murray, Robin M., Myin-Germeys, Inez, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Nelis, Mari, Nenadic, Igor, Nertney, Deborah A., Nestadt, Gerald, Nicodemus, Kristin K., Nikitina-Zake, Liene, Nisenbaum, Laura, Nordin, Annelie, O'Callaghan, Eadbhard, O'Dushlaine, Colm, O'Neill, F. Anthony, Oh, Sang-Yun, Olincy, Ann, Olsen, Line, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Papadimitriou, George N., Papiol, Sergi, Parkhomenko, Elena, Pato, Michele T., Paunio, Tiina, Pejovic-Milovancevic, Milica, Perkins, Diana O., Pietiläinen, Olli, Pimm, Jonathan, Pocklington, Andrew J., Powell, John, Price, Alkes, Pulver, Ann E., Purcell, Shaun M., Quested, Digby, Rasmussen, Henrik B., Reichenberg, Abraham, Reimers, Mark A., Richards, Alexander L., Roffman, Joshua L., Roussos, Panos, Ruderfer, Douglas M., Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schubert, Christian R., Schulze, Thomas G., Schwab, Sibylle G., Scolnick, Edward M., Scott, Rodney J., Seidman, Larry J., Shi, Jianxin, Sigurdsson, Engilbert, Silagadze, Teimuraz, Silverman, Jeremy M., Sim, Kang, Slominsky, Petr, Smoller, Jordan W., So, Hon-Cheong, Spencer, Chris C.A., Stahl, Eli A., Stefansson, Hreinn, Steinberg, Stacy, Stogmann, Elisabeth, Straub, Richard E., Strengman, Eric, Strohmaier, Jana, Stroup, T Scott, Subramaniam, Mythily, Suvisaari, Jaana, Svrakic, Dragan M., Szatkiewicz, Jin P., Söderman, Erik, Thirumalai, Srinivas, Toncheva, Draga, Tosato, Sarah, Veijola, Juha, Waddington, John, Walsh, Dermot, Wang, Dai, Wang, Qiang, Webb, Bradley T., Weiser, Mark, Wildenauer, Dieter B., Williams, Nigel M., Williams, Stephanie, Witt, Stephanie H., Wolen, Aaron R., Wong, Emily H.M., Wormley, Brandon K., Xi, Hualin Simon, Zai, Clement C., Zheng, Xuebin, Zimprich, Fritz, Wray, Naomi R., Stefansson, Kari, Visscher, Peter M., Adolfsson, Rolf, Andreassen, Ole A., Blackwood, Douglas H.R., Bramon, Elvira, Buxbaum, Joseph D., Børglum, Anders D., Cichon, Sven, Darvasi, Ariel, Domenici, Enrico, Ehrenreich, Hannelore, Esko, Tõnu, Gejman, Pablo V., Gill, Michael, Gurling, Hugh, Hultman, Christina M., Iwata, Nakao, Jablensky, Assen V., Jönsson, Erik G., Kendler, Kenneth S., Kirov, George, Knight, Jo, Lencz, Todd, Levinson, Douglas F., Li, Qingqin S., Liu, Jianjun, Malhotra, Anil K., McCarroll, Steven A., McQuillin, Andrew, Moran, Jennifer L., Mortensen, Preben B., Mowry, Bryan J., Nöthen, Markus M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Michael J., Palotie, Aarno, Pato, Carlos N., Petryshen, Tracey L., Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Riley, Brien P., Rujescu, Dan, Sham, Pak C., Sklar, Pamela, St Clair, David, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wendland, Jens R., Werge, Thomas, Daly, Mark J., Sullivan, Patrick F., O'Donovan, Michael C., Qin, Shengying, Sawa, Akira, Kahn, Rene, Hong, Kyung Sue, Shi, Wenzhao, Tsuang, Ming, Itokawa, Masanari, Feng, Gang, Glatt, Stephen J., Ma, Xiancang, Tang, Jinsong, Ruan, Yunfeng, Liu, Ruize, Zhu, Feng, Horiuchi, Yasue, Lee, Byung Dae, Joo, Eun-Jeong, Myung, Woojae, Ha, Kyooseob, Won, Hong-Hee, Baek, Ji Hyung, Chung, Young Chul, Kim, Sung-Wan, Kusumawardhani, Agung, Chen, Wei J., Hwu, Hai-Gwo, Hishimoto, Akitoyo, Otsuka, Ikuo, Sora, Ichiro, Toyota, Tomoko, Yoshikawa, Takeo, Kunugi, Hiroshi, Hattori, Kotaro, Ishiwata, Sayuri, Numata, Shusuke, Ohmori, Tetsuro, Arai, Makoto, Ozeki, Yuji, Fujii, Kumiko, Kim, Se Joo, Lee, Heon-Jeong, Ahn, Yong Min, Kim, Se Hyun, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Shimoda, Kazutaka, Kinoshita, Makoto, Hsu, Yu-Han H., Pintacuda, Greta, Nacu, Eugeniu, Kim, April, Tsafou, Kalliopi, Petrossian, Natalie, Crotty, William, Suh, Jung Min, Riseman, Jackson, Martin, Jacqueline M., Biagini, Julia C., Mena, Daya, Ching, Joshua K.T., Malolepsza, Edyta, Li, Taibo, Singh, Tarjinder, Ge, Tian, Egri, Shawn B., Tanenbaum, Benjamin, Stanclift, Caroline R., Apffel, Annie M., Carr, Steven A., Schenone, Monica, Jaffe, Jake, Fornelos, Nadine, Eggan, Kevin C., and Lage, Kasper

Published
2023
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39. Mapping and characterization of structural variation in 17,795 human genomes

Author

Abel, Haley J, Larson, David E, Regier, Allison A, Chiang, Colby, Das, Indraniel, Kanchi, Krishna L, Layer, Ryan M, Neale, Benjamin M, Salerno, William J, Reeves, Catherine, Buyske, Steven, Matise, Tara C, Muzny, Donna M, Zody, Michael C, Lander, Eric S, Dutcher, Susan K, Stitziel, Nathan O, and Hall, Ira M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biotechnology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Generic health relevance, Alleles, Case-Control Studies, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Dosage, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Quantitative Trait Loci, Racial Groups, Software, Whole Genome Sequencing, NHGRI Centers for Common Disease Genomics, General Science & Technology
Abstract

A key goal of whole-genome sequencing for studies of human genetics is to interrogate all forms of variation, including single-nucleotide variants, small insertion or deletion (indel) variants and structural variants. However, tools and resources for the study of structural variants have lagged behind those for smaller variants. Here we used a scalable pipeline1 to map and characterize structural variants in 17,795 deeply sequenced human genomes. We publicly release site-frequency data to create the largest, to our knowledge, whole-genome-sequencing-based structural variant resource so far. On average, individuals carry 2.9 rare structural variants that alter coding regions; these variants affect the dosage or structure of 4.2 genes and account for 4.0-11.2% of rare high-impact coding alleles. Using a computational model, we estimate that structural variants account for 17.2% of rare alleles genome-wide, with predicted deleterious effects that are equivalent to loss-of-function coding alleles; approximately 90% of such structural variants are noncoding deletions (mean 19.1 per genome). We report 158,991 ultra-rare structural variants and show that 2% of individuals carry ultra-rare megabase-scale structural variants, nearly half of which are balanced or complex rearrangements. Finally, we infer the dosage sensitivity of genes and noncoding elements, and reveal trends that relate to element class and conservation. This work will help to guide the analysis and interpretation of structural variants in the era of whole-genome sequencing.

Published
2020

40. A structural variation reference for medical and population genetics

Author

Collins, Ryan L, Brand, Harrison, Karczewski, Konrad J, Zhao, Xuefang, Alföldi, Jessica, Francioli, Laurent C, Khera, Amit V, Lowther, Chelsea, Gauthier, Laura D, Wang, Harold, Watts, Nicholas A, Solomonson, Matthew, O’Donnell-Luria, Anne, Baumann, Alexander, Munshi, Ruchi, Walker, Mark, Whelan, Christopher W, Huang, Yongqing, Brookings, Ted, Sharpe, Ted, Stone, Matthew R, Valkanas, Elise, Fu, Jack, Tiao, Grace, Laricchia, Kristen M, Ruano-Rubio, Valentin, Stevens, Christine, Gupta, Namrata, Cusick, Caroline, Margolin, Lauren, Taylor, Kent D, Lin, Henry J, Rich, Stephen S, Post, Wendy S, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rotter, Jerome I, Nusbaum, Chad, Philippakis, Anthony, Lander, Eric, Gabriel, Stacey, Neale, Benjamin M, Kathiresan, Sekar, Daly, Mark J, Banks, Eric, MacArthur, Daniel G, and Talkowski, Michael E

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Generic health relevance, Disease, Female, Genetic Testing, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Medical, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, Genotyping Techniques, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Racial Groups, Reference Standards, Selection, Genetic, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome Aggregation Database Production Team, Genome Aggregation Database Consortium, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Structural variants (SVs) rearrange large segments of DNA1 and can have profound consequences in evolution and human disease2,3. As national biobanks, disease-association studies, and clinical genetic testing have grown increasingly reliant on genome sequencing, population references such as the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD)4 have become integral in the interpretation of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs)5. However, there are no reference maps of SVs from high-coverage genome sequencing comparable to those for SNVs. Here we present a reference of sequence-resolved SVs constructed from 14,891 genomes across diverse global populations (54% non-European) in gnomAD. We discovered a rich and complex landscape of 433,371 SVs, from which we estimate that SVs are responsible for 25-29% of all rare protein-truncating events per genome. We found strong correlations between natural selection against damaging SNVs and rare SVs that disrupt or duplicate protein-coding sequence, which suggests that genes that are highly intolerant to loss-of-function are also sensitive to increased dosage6. We also uncovered modest selection against noncoding SVs in cis-regulatory elements, although selection against protein-truncating SVs was stronger than all noncoding effects. Finally, we identified very large (over one megabase), rare SVs in 3.9% of samples, and estimate that 0.13% of individuals may carry an SV that meets the existing criteria for clinically important incidental findings7. This SV resource is freely distributed via the gnomAD browser8 and will have broad utility in population genetics, disease-association studies, and diagnostic screening.

Published
2020

41. Publisher Correction: Deep coverage whole genome sequences and plasma lipoprotein(a) in individuals of European and African ancestries.

Author

Zekavat, Seyedeh M, Ruotsalainen, Sanni, Handsaker, Robert E, Alver, Maris, Bloom, Jonathan, Poterba, Timothy, Seed, Cotton, Ernst, Jason, Chaffin, Mark, Engreitz, Jesse, Peloso, Gina M, Manichaikul, Ani, Yang, Chaojie, Ryan, Kathleen A, Fu, Mao, Johnson, W Craig, Tsai, Michael, Budoff, Matthew, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Cupples, L Adrienne, Rotter, Jerome I, Rich, Stephen S, Post, Wendy, Mitchell, Braxton D, Correa, Adolfo, Metspalu, Andres, Wilson, James G, Salomaa, Veikko, Kellis, Manolis, Daly, Mark J, Neale, Benjamin M, McCarroll, Steven, Surakka, Ida, Esko, Tonu, Ganna, Andrea, Ripatti, Samuli, Kathiresan, Sekar, Natarajan, Pradeep, and NHLBI TOPMed Lipids Working Group

Subjects
NHLBI TOPMed Lipids Working Group
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

42. Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism

Author

Satterstrom, F Kyle, Kosmicki, Jack A, Wang, Jiebiao, Breen, Michael S, De Rubeis, Silvia, An, Joon-Yong, Peng, Minshi, Collins, Ryan, Grove, Jakob, Klei, Lambertus, Stevens, Christine, Reichert, Jennifer, Mulhern, Maureen S, Artomov, Mykyta, Gerges, Sherif, Sheppard, Brooke, Xu, Xinyi, Bhaduri, Aparna, Norman, Utku, Brand, Harrison, Schwartz, Grace, Nguyen, Rachel, Guerrero, Elizabeth E, Dias, Caroline, Consortium, Autism Sequencing, Aleksic, Branko, Anney, Richard, Barbosa, Mafalda, Bishop, Somer, Brusco, Alfredo, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Carracedo, Angel, Chan, Marcus CY, Chiocchetti, Andreas G, Chung, Brian HY, Coon, Hilary, Cuccaro, Michael L, Curró, Aurora, Bernardina, Bernardo Dalla, Doan, Ryan, Domenici, Enrico, Dong, Shan, Fallerini, Chiara, Fernández-Prieto, Montserrat, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Freitag, Christine M, Fromer, Menachem, Gargus, J Jay, Geschwind, Daniel, Giorgio, Elisa, González-Peñas, Javier, Guter, Stephen, Halpern, Danielle, Hansen-Kiss, Emily, He, Xin, Herman, Gail E, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Hougaard, David M, Hultman, Christina M, Ionita-Laza, Iuliana, Jacob, Suma, Jamison, Jesslyn, Jugessur, Astanand, Kaartinen, Miia, Knudsen, Gun Peggy, Kolevzon, Alexander, Kushima, Itaru, Lee, So Lun, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lim, Elaine T, Lintas, Carla, Lipkin, W Ian, Lopergolo, Diego, Lopes, Fátima, Ludena, Yunin, Maciel, Patricia, Magnus, Per, Mahjani, Behrang, Maltman, Nell, Manoach, Dara S, Meiri, Gal, Menashe, Idan, Miller, Judith, Minshew, Nancy, Montenegro, Eduarda MS, Moreira, Danielle, Morrow, Eric M, Mors, Ole, Mortensen, Preben Bo, Mosconi, Matthew, Muglia, Pierandrea, Neale, Benjamin M, Nordentoft, Merete, Ozaki, Norio, Palotie, Aarno, Parellada, Mara, Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita, Pericak-Vance, Margaret, Persico, Antonio M, and Pessah, Isaac

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Pediatric, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Autism, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Neurosciences, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Neurological, Autistic Disorder, Case-Control Studies, Cell Lineage, Cerebral Cortex, Cohort Studies, Exome, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Mutation, Missense, Neurobiology, Neurons, Phenotype, Sex Factors, Single-Cell Analysis, Exome Sequencing, Autism Sequencing Consortium, iPSYCH-Broad Consortium, autism spectrum disorder, cell type, cytoskeleton, excitatory neurons, excitatory-inhibitory balance, exome sequencing, genetics, inhibitory neurons, liability, neurodevelopment, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

We present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date (n = 35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced analytical framework to integrate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identify 102 risk genes at a false discovery rate of 0.1 or less. Of these genes, 49 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained to have severe neurodevelopmental delay, whereas 53 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained to have ASD; comparing ASD cases with mutations in these groups reveals phenotypic differences. Expressed early in brain development, most risk genes have roles in regulation of gene expression or neuronal communication (i.e., mutations effect neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological changes), and 13 fall within loci recurrently hit by copy number variants. In cells from the human cortex, expression of risk genes is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, consistent with multiple paths to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance underlying ASD.

Published
2020

43. Exome sequencing in schizophrenia-affected parent–offspring trios reveals risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations

Author

Howrigan, Daniel P, Rose, Samuel A, Samocha, Kaitlin E, Fromer, Menachem, Cerrato, Felecia, Chen, Wei J, Churchhouse, Claire, Chambert, Kimberly, Chandler, Sharon D, Daly, Mark J, Dumont, Ashley, Genovese, Giulio, Hwu, Hai-Gwo, Laird, Nan, Kosmicki, Jack A, Moran, Jennifer L, Roe, Cheryl, Singh, Tarjinder, Wang, Shi-Heng, Faraone, Stephen V, Glatt, Stephen J, McCarroll, Steven A, Tsuang, Ming, and Neale, Benjamin M

Subjects
Serious Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Genetics, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adult, Child, Family, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Mutation, Parents, Exome Sequencing, Neurosciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Protein-coding de novo mutations (DNMs) are significant risk factors in many neurodevelopmental disorders, whereas schizophrenia (SCZ) risk associated with DNMs has thus far been shown to be modest. We analyzed DNMs from 1,695 SCZ-affected trios and 1,077 published SCZ-affected trios to better understand the contribution to SCZ risk. Among 2,772 SCZ probands, exome-wide DNM burden remained modest. Gene set analyses revealed that SCZ DNMs were significantly concentrated in genes that were highly expressed in the brain, that were under strong evolutionary constraint and/or overlapped with genes identified in other neurodevelopmental disorders. No single gene surpassed exome-wide significance; however, 16 genes were recurrently hit by protein-truncating DNMs, corresponding to a 3.15-fold higher rate than the mutation model expectation (permuted 95% confidence interval: 1-10 genes; permuted P = 3 × 10-5). Overall, DNMs explain a small fraction of SCZ risk, and larger samples are needed to identify individual risk genes, as coding variation across many genes confers risk for SCZ in the population.

Published
2020

44. Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations

Author

Lam, Max, Chen, Chia-Yen, Li, Zhiqiang, Martin, Alicia R, Bryois, Julien, Ma, Xixian, Gaspar, Helena, Ikeda, Masashi, Benyamin, Beben, Brown, Brielin C, Liu, Ruize, Zhou, Wei, Guan, Lili, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kim, Sung-Wan, Kubo, Michiaki, Kusumawardhani, Agung AAA, Liu, Chih-Min, Ma, Hong, Periyasamy, Sathish, Takahashi, Atsushi, Xu, Zhida, Yu, Hao, Zhu, Feng, Chen, Wei J, Faraone, Stephen, Glatt, Stephen J, He, Lin, Hyman, Steven E, Hwu, Hai-Gwo, McCarroll, Steven A, Neale, Benjamin M, Sklar, Pamela, Wildenauer, Dieter B, Yu, Xin, Zhang, Dai, Mowry, Bryan J, Lee, Jimmy, Holmans, Peter, Xu, Shuhua, Sullivan, Patrick F, Ripke, Stephan, O’Donovan, Michael C, Daly, Mark J, Qin, Shengying, Sham, Pak, Iwata, Nakao, Hong, Kyung S, Schwab, Sibylle G, Yue, Weihua, Tsuang, Ming, Liu, Jianjun, Ma, Xiancang, Kahn, René S, Shi, Yongyong, and Huang, Hailiang

Subjects
Genetics, Human Genome, Serious Mental Illness, Schizophrenia, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Asian People, Case-Control Studies, Asia, Eastern, Genetics, Population, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Indonesia Schizophrenia Consortium, Genetic REsearch on schizophreniA neTwork-China and the Netherlands, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with approximately 1% lifetime risk globally. Large-scale schizophrenia genetic studies have reported primarily on European ancestry samples, potentially missing important biological insights. Here, we report the largest study to date of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide-significant associations in 19 genetic loci. Common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects between East Asian and European ancestries (genetic correlation = 0.98 ± 0.03), indicating that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries identified 208 significant associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the sets of candidate causal variants in 44 loci. Polygenic risk scores had reduced performance when transferred across ancestries, highlighting the importance of including sufficient samples of major ancestral groups to ensure their generalizability across populations.

Published
2019

45. Global Biobank analyses provide lessons for developing polygenic risk scores across diverse cohorts

Author

Zhou, Wei, Kanai, Masahiro, Wu, Kuan-Han H., Rasheed, Humaira, Tsuo, Kristin, Hirbo, Jibril B., Wang, Ying, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Zhao, Huiling, Namba, Shinichi, Surakka, Ida, Wolford, Brooke N., Lo Faro, Valeria, Lopera-Maya, Esteban A., Läll, Kristi, Favé, Marie-Julie, Chapman, Sinéad B., Karjalainen, Juha, Kurki, Mitja, Mutaamba, Maasha, Partanen, Juulia J., Brumpton, Ben M., Chavan, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ting, Daya, Michelle, Ding, Yi, Feng, Yen-Chen A., Gignoux, Christopher R., Graham, Sarah E., Hornsby, Whitney E., Ingold, Nathan, Johnson, Ruth, Laisk, Triin, Lin, Kuang, Lv, Jun, Millwood, Iona Y., Palta, Priit, Pandit, Anita, Preuss, Michael H., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Uzunovic, Jasmina, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhong, Xue, Campbell, Archie, Crooks, Kristy, de Bock, Geertruida H., Douville, Nicholas J., Finer, Sarah, Fritsche, Lars G., Griffiths, Christopher J., Guo, Yu, Hunt, Karen A., Konuma, Takahiro, Marioni, Riccardo E., Nomdo, Jansonius, Patil, Snehal, Rafaels, Nicholas, Richmond, Anne, Shortt, Jonathan A., Straub, Peter, Tao, Ran, Vanderwerff, Brett, Barnes, Kathleen C., Boezen, Marike, Chen, Zhengming, Chen, Chia-Yen, Cho, Judy, Smith, George Davey, Finucane, Hilary K., Franke, Lude, Gamazon, Eric R., Ganna, Andrea, Gaunt, Tom R., Ge, Tian, Huang, Hailiang, Huffman, Jennifer, Koskela, Jukka T., Lajonchere, Clara, Law, Matthew H., Li, Liming, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Loos, Ruth J.F., MacGregor, Stuart, Matsuda, Koichi, Olsen, Catherine M., Porteous, David J., Shavit, Jordan A., Snieder, Harold, Trembath, Richard C., Vonk, Judith M., Whiteman, David, Wicks, Stephen J., Wijmenga, Cisca, Wright, John, Zheng, Jie, Zhou, Xiang, Awadalla, Philip, Boehnke, Michael, Cox, Nancy J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Hayward, Caroline, Hveem, Kristian, Kenny, Eimear E., Lin, Yen-Feng, Mägi, Reedik, Martin, Hilary C., Medland, Sarah E., Okada, Yukinori, Palotie, Aarno V., Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Sanna, Serena, Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, van Heel, David A., Walters, Robin G., Zöllner, Sebastian, Martin, Alicia R., Willer, Cristen J., Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Lopera, Esteban, Kerminen, Sini, Wu, Kuan-Han, Bhatta, Laxmi, Brumpton, Ben, Deelen, Patrick, Murakami, Yoshinori, Willer, Cristen, and Hirbo, Jibril

Published
2023
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46. Differences in the genetic architecture of common and rare variants in childhood, persistent and late-diagnosed attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Author

Rajagopal, Veera M., Duan, Jinjie, Vilar-Ribó, Laura, Grove, Jakob, Zayats, Tetyana, Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Artigas, María Soler, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, Als, Thomas D., Rosengren, Anders, Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Nordentoft, Merete, Werge, Thomas, Mors, Ole, Hougaard, David M., Mortensen, Preben B., Ribasés, Marta, Børglum, Anders D., and Demontis, Ditte

Published
2022
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47. Meta-analysis fine-mapping is often miscalibrated at single-variant resolution

Author

Zhou, Wei, Kanai, Masahiro, Wu, Kuan-Han H., Rasheed, Humaira, Tsuo, Kristin, Hirbo, Jibril B., Wang, Ying, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Zhao, Huiling, Namba, Shinichi, Surakka, Ida, Wolford, Brooke N., Lo Faro, Valeria, Lopera-Maya, Esteban A., Läll, Kristi, Favé, Marie-Julie, Partanen, Juulia J., Chapman, Sinéad B., Karjalainen, Juha, Kurki, Mitja, Maasha, Mutaamba, Brumpton, Ben M., Chavan, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ting, Daya, Michelle, Ding, Yi, Feng, Yen-Chen A., Guare, Lindsay A., Gignoux, Christopher R., Graham, Sarah E., Hornsby, Whitney E., Ingold, Nathan, Ismail, Said I., Johnson, Ruth, Laisk, Triin, Lin, Kuang, Lv, Jun, Millwood, Iona Y., Moreno-Grau, Sonia, Nam, Kisung, Palta, Priit, Pandit, Anita, Preuss, Michael H., Saad, Chadi, Setia-Verma, Shefali, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Uzunovic, Jasmina, Verma, Anurag, Zawistowski, Matthew, Zhong, Xue, Afifi, Nahla, Al-Dabhani, Kawthar M., Al Thani, Asma, Bradford, Yuki, Campbell, Archie, Crooks, Kristy, de Bock, Geertruida H., Damrauer, Scott M., Douville, Nicholas J., Finer, Sarah, Fritsche, Lars G., Fthenou, Eleni, Gonzalez-Arroyo, Gilberto, Griffiths, Christopher J., Guo, Yu, Hunt, Karen A., Ioannidis, Alexander, Jansonius, Nomdo M., Konuma, Takahiro, Michael Lee, Ming Ta, Lopez-Pineda, Arturo, Matsuda, Yuta, Marioni, Riccardo E., Moatamed, Babak, Nava-Aguilar, Marco A., Numakura, Kensuke, Patil, Snehal, Rafaels, Nicholas, Richmond, Anne, Rojas-Muñoz, Agustin, Shortt, Jonathan A., Straub, Peter, Tao, Ran, Vanderwerff, Brett, Vernekar, Manvi, Veturi, Yogasudha, Barnes, Kathleen C., Boezen, Marike, Chen, Zhengming, Chen, Chia-Yen, Cho, Judy, Smith, George Davey, Finucane, Hilary K., Franke, Lude, Gamazon, Eric R., Ganna, Andrea, Gaunt, Tom R., Ge, Tian, Huang, Hailiang, Huffman, Jennifer, Katsanis, Nicholas, Koskela, Jukka T., Lajonchere, Clara, Law, Matthew H., Li, Liming, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Loos, Ruth J.F., MacGregor, Stuart, Matsuda, Koichi, Olsen, Catherine M., Porteous, David J., Shavit, Jordan A., Snieder, Harold, Takano, Tomohiro, Trembath, Richard C., Vonk, Judith M., Whiteman, David C., Wicks, Stephen J., Wijmenga, Cisca, Wright, John, Zheng, Jie, Zhou, Xiang, Awadalla, Philip, Boehnke, Michael, Bustamante, Carlos D., Cox, Nancy J., Fatumo, Segun, Geschwind, Daniel H., Hayward, Caroline, Hveem, Kristian, Kenny, Eimear E., Lee, Seunggeun, Lin, Yen-Feng, Mbarek, Hamdi, Mägi, Reedik, Martin, Hilary C., Medland, Sarah E., Okada, Yukinori, Palotie, Aarno V., Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Rader, Daniel J., Ritchie, Marylyn D., Sanna, Serena, Smoller, Jordan W., Stefansson, Kari, van Heel, David A., Walters, Robin G., Zöllner, Sebastian, Biobank of the Americas, Biobank Japan Project, BioMe, BioVU, CanPath - Ontario Health Study, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, deCODE Genetics, Estonian Biobank, FinnGen, Generation Scotland, Genes & Health Research Team, LifeLines, Mass General Brigham Biobank, Michigan Genomics Initiative, National Biobank of Korea, Penn Medicine BioBank, Qatar Biobank, The Qskin Sun and Health Study, Taiwan Biobank, The Hunt Study, Ucla Atlas Community Health Initiative, Uganda Genome Resource, Uk Biobank, Martin, Alicia R., Willer, Cristen J., Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., and Elzur, Roy

Published
2022
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49. Pan-UK Biobank GWAS improves discovery, analysis of genetic architecture, and resolution into ancestry-enriched effects

Author

Karczewski, Konrad J, primary, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Kanai, Masahiro, additional, Lu, Wenhan, additional, Tsuo, Kristin, additional, Wang, Ying, additional, Walters, Raymond K, additional, Turley, Patrick, additional, Callier, Shawneequa, additional, Baya, Nikolas, additional, Palmer, Duncan S, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline I, additional, Sarma, Gopal, additional, Solomonson, Matthew, additional, Cheng, Nathan, additional, Bryant, Sam, additional, Churchhouse, Claire, additional, Cusick, Caroline M, additional, Poterba, Timothy, additional, Compitello, John, additional, King, Daniel, additional, Zhou, Wei, additional, Seed, Cotton, additional, Finucane, Hilary K, additional, Daly, Mark J, additional, Neale, Benjamin M, additional, Atkinson, Elizabeth G, additional, and Martin, Alicia R, additional

Published
2024
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