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Konjenital epulis, yenidoğanlarda oral kavitenin çok nadir görülen maksiller ya da mandibular gingivadan köken alan benign granüler hücreli bir tümörüdür. Mekanik obstrüksiyona neden olabileceği için solunum problemi ve beslenme güçlüğü görülebilir. Bu problemler nedeni ile doğum esnasında multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerekecektir. Prenatal tanı tümörün gestasyonun geç döneminde gelişimi nedeni ile zor olabilir ancak antenatal ultrasonografi ya da prenatal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile tanı konulabilir. Tedavisi geciktirilmeden yapılacak olan basit cerrahi eksizyondur. Bizim tartışacağımız vaka hem maksiller hem de mandibular kitle ile doğan, prenatal tanısı mevcut fakat kitlenin büyüklüğü sebebi ile beslenme problemine yol açabileceğinden genel anestezi altında cerrahi eksize edilen bir konjenital epulis vakasıdır.

Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of folic acid on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Materials and methods Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I received intraperitoneal cisplatin (IP) 10 mg/kg/day and IP folic acid 10 mg/kg/day; Group II received IP cisplatin 10 mg/kg/day and IP physiological saline; Group III received IP cisplatin 10 mg/kg/day and intratympanic (IT) folic acid 0.15 mL/day; Group IV received IP cisplatin 10 mg/kg/day and IT physiological saline; and Group V received IT folic acid 0.15 mL/day. Before and after drug administration, plasma homocysteine, folic acid levels, and auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) were measured. The rats were then sacrificed, and the inner ears were processed for electron microscopy. Results The differences of ABR thresholds in Group I compared to Group II were significantly smaller at 4 kHz, 8 kHz, and 16 kHz, whereas they were smaller but not statistically significant at 12 kHz in ABR. The differences of ABR thresholds in Group III compared to Group IV were significantly smaller at 12 kHz, and smaller but not statistically significant at 4 kHz, 8 kHz, and 16 kHz. Cisplatin treatment resulted in the degeneration of the cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion. The cells of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion showed a partially preserved morphology in both Group I and Group III. Conclusion Our study results suggests that folic acid is a potential agent in preventing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Hypothesis We hypothesized that oral montelukast treatment could inhibit cholesteatoma formation in an experimental animal model. Background Inflammation and excessive proliferation have been described in the histopathology of cholesteatoma. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral montelukast on cholesteatoma development. Methods Eighteen healthy female Wistar albino rats weighing 250 g were chosen for the study. The animals were divided into two groups: group 1 received montelukast and group 2 was the control group. Intratympanic propylene glycol injection was administered into the left ears and physiologic serum was instilled into the right ears of the animals on the first, eighth, and fifteenth days. The effects of montelukast administration were evaluated by histological examination of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Results Group 1 (montelukast group) showed significant differences in terms of cholesteatoma formation, granulation, epithelial invagination, and inflammation. Cholesteatoma formation in the left ear was observed in 2 (22%) and 8 (89%) rats in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.015). Conclusion Development of cholesteatoma and inflammation was significantly lower in the montelukast-administered group. Thus, oral montelukast was found effective in preventing cholesteatoma formation.

Auricular hematoma is commonly seen in ear nose and throat clinical practice and mostly caused by blunt trauma as a result of traffic accident, wrestling, boxing etc. If hematoma does not discharge, blood supply of the cartilage fails and this results with the necrosis of the auricular cartilage. Incision and drainage of the hematoma is the cornerstone of the surgical treatment and simple compression methods are limited in terms of their ability to eliminate the empty space. Various techniques have been described for the elimination of the death space such as; dental rolls, cotton bolsters, buttons, silastic sheets, etc but compression materials may be insufficient to apply this pressure because of irregular shape of auricle. Resolving these problems, the authors have used thermoplastic splint as a compressive material at 7 patients for elimination of the death space in auricular hematoma treatment. WOS:000588153500056 2-s2.0-85095397657 PubMed: 33136878

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the preventative effect of oral curcumin (CMN) on myringosclerosis (MS) in an experimental rat model. Methods: The study included 21 female Wistar albino rats randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 was given no treatment (control group). In Group 2 and Group 3, the tympanic membrane (TM) was perforated using a sterile ear pick. The rats in Group 3 were administered oral CMN 200 mg/kg/day. All rats were sacrificed after 16 days. Otomicroscopic and histopathologic examinations were performed on the tympanic membranes. Results: Histopathologic examinations revealed that there were statistically significant differences between Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of MS degrees (p

In septorhinoplasty, septal, auricular, and costal cartilage are often used as autologous graft. Autologous grafts are preferred in nasal reconstruction. The aim of this study was to histopathologically examine the tissue compatibility and the effect on the stability and cartilage vitality of poly-p-dioxanone (PDS) plates.Ten adult New Zealand rabbits were used.Ten New Zealand rabbits were used. Septal and auricular cartilage sections were removed; one of the two cartilage grafts was left plain, and the other was sutured to a PDS plate. Grafts were placed into the back of the rabbits. After 12 weeks, the graft material was examined microscopically.The specimens did not cause any significant foreign body reaction. Within 3 months, a significant degree of color, stability, and stiffness was lost. Microscopically, inflammation, necrosis, and cartilage cell degeneration scores were statistically significantly lower in the grafts using PDS (P.05), and the vascularization, collagen, and cartilage proliferation scores were found to be statistically significantly higher (P.05). No statistically significant difference was determined in respect of the bone proliferation scores (P.05).The use of PDS plates together with cartilage provided mechanical support to the graft. Therefore, changes that disrupt the integrity of the graft, such as inflammation, necrosis, and cartilage cell degeneration, were reduced, and changes that provide greater stability, such as vascularization, collagen, and cartilage proliferation, were increased.NA Laryngoscope, 129:E129-E134, 2019.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (Pc BPPV) according to age and genders, which is the most common cause of peripheric vertigo. And also, to reveal the frequency of accompanying systemic diseases in this patient group and the any relationship of these systemic diseases on recurrent attacks.Materials and Methods:The present study is performed with 72 patients aged 21-83 years who applied to our clinic complain of peripheric vertigo and diagnosed as Pc BPPV with Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Age and gender distribution, time onset of the disease regarding less than thirty days and longer than thirty days, number of vertigo attacks regarding one attack and more than one attacks, history of head trauma and accompanying systemic disorders were recorded.Results:We determined that Pc BPPV was seen at the rate of 68.1% in females, 31.9% in males, 76.4% under the age of 40, and 23.6% over the age of 40. History of accompanying hypertension was found more frequent in patients with multiple attacks than patients with single attack, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.002). However, there were statistically difference was not found with diabetes mellitus and other systemic diseases.Conclusion:Pc BPPV is the most common cause of peripheric vertigo which effects semicircular canals. It is more common in females and the age over forty years. Right ear is affected more than left side. The present study showed that cases with hypertensive patients more prone to recurrent attacks who diagnosed with Pc BPPV.

Amaç: Ses ve sesini kullanarak iletişim kurabilmesi, insanoğlunu diğer tüm canlılardan ayıran en önemli özelliklerinden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, adenoidektomi ve adenotonsillektomi ameliyatı yapılan hastalarda ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası ses analizlerinin yapılarak adenoid ve tonsil hipertrofisinin ses özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya adenoidektomi ameliyatı endikasyonu konulmuş yaşları 8 ile 17 arasında 15 hasta ve adenotonsillektomi ameliyatı endikasyonu konulmuş yaşları 8 ile 24 arasında 15 hasta olmak üzere toplam 30 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara ait akustik veriler operasyondan bir gün önce ve operasyondan 3 hafta sonra aynı hekim tarafından ve sabit ortam koşullarında ses korumalı bir odada kaydedildi. Ses kayıtlarına ait akustik parametreler Praat yzılımı kullanılarak kişisel bir bilgisayarda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki tüm hastalar (n=30) ve kız hastalar zamana göre tüm ses kayıtları analiz edildiğinde preoperatif ve postoperatif ses parametrelerindeki değişiklikler istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p

The article's aim was to investigate the effects of probiotics in the experimental otitis media with effusion.Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were used. They were divided into four groups. Experimental otitis media with effusion was created by intratympanic histamine injection. The effusion was confirmed by otomicroscopic examination 24 h after injection. Group 1; did not receive any treatment, group 2; received probiotics for 7 days after the detection of effusion, group 3; received probiotics for 7 days prior to injection of histamine, group 4; received probiotics for 7 days before injection of histamine and 7 days after detection of effusion. After detection of effusion, animals were sacrificed. Otomicroscopic evaluation was done to determine the effusion. In histopathological examination neutrophil leukocyte counts were determined in 25 areas of the sub-mucosa of the temporal bulla.The otomicroscopic ear effusions' healing rate in group 1 was 10%, in group 2 was 25%, in group 3 was 50%, and in group 4 was 100% (p 0,013). The mean counts of submucosal neutrophil leukocyte from 25 areas of the temporal bulla of group 1 was 86,8 ± 24, group 2 was 66,5 ± 21, group 3 was 66,2 ± 16, and group 4 was 26,3 ± 6,5 (p 0,001).Probiotics have a curative effect on the prevention and treatment of otitis media with effusion. This result may be related to their anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, probiotics can be widely used in the age group at risk for otitis media with effusion as a complementary therapy by dietary supplements.NA.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the possible impact of hormonal changes on nasal resonance during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2013 and June 2013, a total of 101 pregnant women (mean age 27.1±5.8 years; range 18 to 41 years) visiting obstetric clinics for routine antenatal checkups were included in the study. The control group was consisted of 99 patients (mean age 29.2±6.6 years; range 18 to 42 years) without any nasal complaints. Nasal symptoms were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale. Nasalance scores were calculated by nasometry. The results were compared between study and control groups. RESULTS The mean nasalance score in pregnant women (40.4±7.8) were statistically significantly lower than the control group (44.7±6.4) (p

Objectives/Hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as an injection material for vocal fold augmentation and to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material. Study Design Ten adult New Zealand rabbits were used. Methods Under general anesthesia, 0.1-cc GIC was injected to one vocal fold and the augmentation of vocal fold was observed. No injection was applied to the opposite side, which was accepted as the control group. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the laryngeal specimens were histopathologically evaluated. Results The injected and the noninjected control vocal folds were analyzed. The GIC particles were observed in histological sections on the injected side, and no foreign body giant cells, granulomatous inflammation, necrosis, or marked chronic inflammation were detected around the glass ionomer particles. Mild inflammatory reactions were noticed in only two specimens. The noninjected sides of vocal folds were completely normal. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that GIC is biocompatible and may be further investigated as an alternative injection material for augmentation of the vocal fold. Further studies are required to examine the viscoelastic properties of GIC and the long-term effects in experimental studies. Level of Evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 2015

OBJECTIVE: The main spread of head and neck cancers is through lymphatic system. A physician who will treat this region tumors should keep in mind lymphatic spread.Although there is a consensus for treatment of patients who have palpable lymphadenopathy at neck, the discussion is still ongoing for the treatment of N0 necks. Selective neck dissection is usually performed according to the localization of the primary tumor. It can be performed to both N0 and N + patients. METHODS: In our study, patients who had selective neck dissection due to head and neck malignant tumor and their Lymph node spreads were evaluated along with preoperative -postoperative imaging methods and pathology reports. 3-year follow-up results were analyzed.RESULTS: 3-year survival rate of 45 patients who had selective neck dissection and included in the study was found to be 92%. During 3-year follow-up period, neck recurrence was observed in 4 patients 8.8% . Of these 4 patients, 2 patients were followed up for larynx carcinoma and other 2 patients were followed up for lower lip carcinomas. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, due to the advantages of time and complications the reliability of selective neck dissection increases year after year. We believe that, with larger series of head and neck cancer, super-selective neck dissection will become more widely in the future., AMAÇ: Baş- boyun bölgesi kanserlerinin temel yayılımı lenfatik sistem yolu ile olur. Bu bölge tümörlerinin tedavisini yapacak olan bir hekimin lenfatik yayılımı mutlaka göz önünde bulundurması gerekir. Boyunda klinik olarak palpe edilebilen, metastatik lenfadenopatisi olan hastalarda tedavi için fikir birliği sağlanmış olmasına rağmen, N0 boyunlarda tedavi yöntemi hakkında net bir görüş yoktur. Selektif boyun diseksiyonu SBD genellikle primer tümörün lokalizasyonuna göre yapılmaktadır. Hem N0 hem de N+ hastalarda yapılabilmektedir.YÖNTEMLER: Çalışmamızda baş boyun malign tümörü nedeniyle opere edilen 45 hasta ve bu hastalara yapılan 79 selektif boyun diseksiyonu değerlendirildi. SBD yapılan hastaların 3 yıllık takip sonuçları incelendi.BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların 3 yıllık sağkalım oranı %92 olarak bulundu. Ortalama 3 yıllık takiplerde 4 hastada %8,8 boyunda rekürrens görüldü. Hiç bir hastamızda IIb bölgesine metastaz tespit edilmedi. SBD yapılan hastalarımızda daha az komplikasyon gözlendi ve diğer boyun diseksiyonlarına göre daha kısa bir sürede yapıldı. SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak SBD’nun süre ve komplikasyon avantajları nedeniyle her geçen gün daha çok tercih edilen bir yöntem olmaktadır. İleride, baş boyun kanserlerinde geniş serilerle yapılacak çalışmalarla süper SBD’nun daha yaygın hale geleceğine inanmaktayız.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of flexible and rigid endoscopes using a visual analog scale and reveal which one is better tolerated by children. Material and methods The pediatric patients with voice disorders examined between July 2012 and October 2014 were included the study. Patients to whom endoscopic visualization had been applied several times were recalled for information about their preference of scope. No local anesthetics were used before both procedures. Pain sensation, gag reflex or vomiting and dyspnea or breathiness were evaluated and graded using a visual analog scale (VAS). Results A total of 35 patients (77.1% males, 22.9% females) with a median age of 11.3 ± 1.8 years (range, 7–15 years) were analyzed. Group 1 consisted of patients who preferred videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS) and Group 2 consisted of patients who preferred flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy (FFN). Overall, 28 (80%) of the patients preferred videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS) while 7 (20%) of the patients preferred FFN examination. In these examinations 20 patients (57.1%) felt pain, 17 (48.6%) felt irritation, 5 (14.3%) had gag reflex, and 2 (5.7%) had dyspnea. According to this data, the VLS (VAS) scores regarding gag reflex ( p = 0.017) and dyspnea domains ( p = 0.022) of the group who preferred FFL were statistically higher than those of the VLS group. No statistically significant difference was determined between the genders in respect of the VLS and FFL scores in all domains. Pain and irritation were the most prominent findings in patients who were reluctant to be examined by FFL. Irritation was statistically significantly higher in Group 1 ( p = 0.004). Gag reflex was the most disturbing finding described by patients who were reluctant to be examined by VLS. Conclusion In this study, most of the children (80%) preferred rigid laryngoscopy rather than flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. Pain and irritation were the most prominent findings for patients who were reluctant to be examined by FFL. Rigid laryngoscopy can be recommended rather than FFN for evaluation of children with vocal fold pathologies.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between prevalence of anxiety, depressive disorder symptoms and some sociodemographic variables in the final year of high-school students, secondly to determine the socio-economic and cultural factors which affect choosing professions among the high school senior students in the province of Van. Methods: In this context, the study was performed in the provincial center of Van in the second semester of 2011. Unpaired t test and one way Anova test were used for statistical analysis. Socio-demographic Information Form, Awareness of Career Choice Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to a total of 412 students. Results: In this study BAI and BDI scores were 15.4±13.3 and 15.3±12.8 respectively. BAI scores of the students in Anatolian high school were found higher than the normal high school. Both the anxiety and depressive levels of female students were higher than the males. The mean age was 16,8 years, 73.8% of whom were male. In 58% of the students\' BAI point, in 66% BDI point were higher than 41; and in 37% BDI point were higher than 17. Female students had higher BAI points. There was a positive correlation between BAI and BDI points. Conclusion: It was noticed in our study that the great amount of anxiety discovered in last grade high school students affect. The student\'s job choice negatively. We think that providing last grade high school students with guidance service about job selection will be useful., Amaç: Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinde anksiyete ve depresyon bozukluğu belirtisi gösterme sıklığını ve bu durumun bazı sosyodemografik değişkenlerle ilişkisini incelemeyi ve öğrencilerin meslek seçimlerini etkileyen sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel faktörlerin neler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: 2010-2011 eğitim öğretim dönemi ikinci yarıyılında Van il merkezinde toplam 412 öğrenciye Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ve Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) uygulandı. İstatistiksel analiz için Student t testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 16,8 yıldı, %73.8\'i erkekti. BAÖ puanı ortalaması ve BDÖ puanı ortalaması sırasıyla 15,4±13,3 ve 15,3±12,8 olarak bulundu. Katılımcıların %58\'inde BAÖ, %66\'sında BDÖ puanı 41 ve üstündeydi. BAÖ puanı, Anadolu lisesi öğrencilerinde genel lise öğrencilerinden daha yüksek bulundu. Kız öğrencilerin hem BAÖ hem de BDÖ puanları erkeklerden daha yüksek bulundu. BDÖ ve BAÖ puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, lise son sınıf öğrencilerinde önemli bir oranda saptanan Anksiyete ve Depresyon\'un öğrencilerin meslek seçimini olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna varıldı. Lise son sınıf öğrencilerine meslek seçimi hakkında rehberlik hizmeti verilmesinin ergen ve toplum sağlığı açısından faydalı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Amac: Calismamizin amaci gebelikte mevcut olan aneminin ve yenidoganda etkilerini degerlendirmekti Gerec ve Yontem: Klinigimizde dogum yapan 307 gebenin hemoglobin Hb hematokrit Hct degerleri ve yenidoganlarin kordon kaninda bakilan Hb Hct bilirubin degerleri ile dogum sekli yenidogan kilosu Apgar skorlarini belirledik Gebeler Hb degerinin 11 1 mg dL ve uzerinde anemik olmayan Hb degeri 11 mg dL altinda olan anemik grup olmak uzere iki grupta degerlendirildi Ayrica Hb degerinin ge;11 1 mg dL 11 10 1 mg dL arasinda 10 9 1mg dL arasinda ve le;9 mg dL olmasi seklinde dort grup olusturuldu Bulgular: Calismaya 146 anemik 161 anemik olmayan olgu dahil edildi Anemik gebelerin dusuk dogum agirlikli bebek dogurma orani anlamli olarak yuksek idi 11 6 rsquo;ya karsilik 4 3 p=0 029 Dusuk dogum agirligi sikliginin anne Hb degeri 10 g dL ve altinda oldugunda anlamli olarak arttigi saptandi p=0 0045 Anemik gebelerin kordon kani Hb 17 49 plusmn;2 4 g dL rsquo;ye karsilik 18 1 plusmn; 2 4; p=0 026 ve Hct 53 3 plusmn;7 4 rsquo;e karsilik 55 6 plusmn;7 2; p=0 006 degerleri anlamli olarak dusuk bulundu Cikarimlar: Gebelikteki anemi yenidoganin dusuk dogum kilosu ile dogma riskini artirmakta ve Hb ve Hct degerlerini azaltmaktadir Anemi taranmali ve dogum oncesinde tedavi edilmelidir Turk Ped Arfl 2013; 48: 195 9

The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in patients with benign and malignant vocal fold pathologies. This was a prospective clinical study conducted at a tertiary-care academic medical center. Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone microlaryngoscopy between August 2007 and July 2009 were included in the study. The patients with a reflux symptom index (RSI) above 12 and a reflux finding score (RFS) above 6 were accepted as having laryngopharyngeal reflux. Patients with urea breath test (UBT), HP-IgG, and HP cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-IgG positivity were diagnosed as HP positive. During laryngoscopy, two surgical specimens were obtained, one from the primary vocal fold pathology and one from the interarytenoid region. The interarytenoid biopsy specimen was used for HP culture and PCR. The specimen from the vocal fold pathology was used to investigate the presence of HP. RSI was positive in 23 (46 %) patients. The RFS positivity was 56 %. The presence of HP was confirmed by UBT in 35 (70 %), HP-IgG in 37 (74 %), and HP CagA-IgG in 38 (76 %) patients. There was no difference between RFS-positive and RFS-negative patients in terms of HP-IgG and UBT. None of the interarytenoid or vocal fold specimens showed the presence of HP. HP was not found in the histological specimens of vocal fold pathologies and the interarytenoid region. The presence of HP in the gastric mucosa does not have an effect on the RFS and RSI.

Nose bleeding is a common situation seen in otorhinolaryngological practices. One of the greatest risk factors in nose bleeding is the use of anticoagulant medicine. With the medicine developed in recent years, the risk of nose bleeding due to the frequent use of anticoagulant and antiagregant is gradually increasing.The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of especially new-generation anticoagulants on nose bleeding. In addition, the use and complications of new-generation anticoagulants and antiagregants have been compiled in light of information obtained from the literature.Three hundred forty patients whose follow-up is conducted by the cardiology department and who use oral antithrombocytic medicine have been included in the study. It has been determined that 15% of these patients use new-generation oral anticoagulants (Rivaroksaban, apiksaban, dabigatran, danaparoid) and the other patients are treated with conventional antithrombocytic treatment (Aspirin, Warfarin, Enoksaparin sodium). The rate of nose bleeding in patients who use classical anticoagulants has been observed to be 28%. In 30 of these patients who had nose bleeding, while cauterization and buffering by otorhinolaryngology specialists, major intervention has not been necessary for any of the patients. While bleeding has been observed in 26% of the patients who use new-generation anticoagulants, bleeding that required operational intervention has taken place in 2 patients. Bleedings have been stopped surgically through a large number of cauterization and buffering.While the new-generation anticoagulants cause lower rate of bleeding, it has been observed that controlling these bleedings is more difficult.

In the present study, we aimed to determine the differences in body image along with anxiety and depression levels, and also to evaluate their impact on disability parameters in patients with hepatitis B. Our study comprised 77 patients with hepatitis B (n = 41, chronic active patients; n = 36, patients with inactive hepatitis B) and 53 healthy individuals (control group). Enrolled patients responded to several questionnaires, including a sociodemographic form, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Somatosensory Amplification Scale. Patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) had higher levels of somatosensory perception than patients with inactive hepatitis B (IHB) and control group (P

The aim of this study is to determine whether the serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc have a role in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME) in childhood. This prospective study was conducted between February 2010 and February 2011 at a tertiary Otorhinolaryngoloy Clinic. There were 113 subjects and subdivided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 44 patients who underwent adenoidectomy with ventilation tube placement due to OME. Group 2 consisted of 43 patients underwent adenoidectomy alone and group 3,called control group, included 26 healthy children. Serum values of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc were measured preoperatively. Comparison of the patient groups showed that group 1 patients had significantly lower serum zinc levels than group 2 patients (p = 0.002), although differences between both patients groups and controls were not significant. We found that the differences among the three groups in terms of serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and copper were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and copper may not play a role on development of OME. We postulated that high serum zinc status may have the preventive effect in the predisposition to OME which may related to adenoid hyperplasia.

Objectives. To detect the prevalences of Alloiococcus otitidis, as well as Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoni ae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and to simultaneously investigate the colonization of these bacteria in the nasopharynx and palatine tonsils of these patients. Methods. The study included 34 pediatric patients with OME, and 15 controls without OME. In the study group, A. otitidis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae , and M. catarrhalis were investigated in the samples obtained from middle ear effusions (MEE), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and tonsillar swabs (TS), using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional culture methods. Only the samples obtained from NPS and TS were studied with the same techniques in the control group. Results. A. otitidis was isolated only in MEE and only with multiplex PCR method. A. otitidis, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae were identified in 35%, 8.8%, 8.8%, and 2.9%, respectively, in 34 MEE. A. otitidis was not isolated in NPS or TS of the study and the control groups. Conclusion. The prevalence of A.otitidis is high in children with OME and A.otitidis doesn’t colonize in the nasopharynx or tonsil.

To investigate whether there is any association between nasopharyngeal reflux and adenoid hypertrophy in children by using 24-h pH monitoring with dual probe and to determine whether Helicobacter pylori simply colonises in adenoid tissue or it is present there temporarily due to extraesophageal reflux. A prospective study at a tertiary referral center. Thirty-two patients who underwent adenoidectomy, aged ranged between 4 and 13 were included. All children with adenoid hypertrophy underwent 24-h pH monitoring with a dual probe. Proximal probe was placed in the nasopharynx. The presence of nasopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux were investigated by 24-h pH monitoring. The presence of H. pylori was investigated in adenoidectomy samples by HP-fast test. Of the 32 patients who underwent adenoidectomy, 5 had nasopharyngeal reflux positivity while 27 patients did not show nasopharyngeal reflux positivity with pH monitorisation. Helicobacter pylori could not be detected in 5 nasopharyngeal reflux positive children while 3 of 27 nasopharyngeal reflux negative children showed H. pylori positivity, one of them in the mucosa and others in the core. This study demonstrated the high incidence of nasopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux in adenoid hypertrophy and the possible colonisation of H. pylori in the adenoid tissue. This may change the assesment of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy in near future. However, more placebo controlled and double blind studies and larger series are still needed to support this hypothesis.

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods. Group I served as control. Group II received CAPE intraperitoneally. Group III received fluoxetine per orally. Group IV received fluoxetine and CAPE. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and liver enzymes including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels were measured. Liver tissues were processed histopathologically for evaluation of liver injury and to validate the serum enzyme levels.Results. An increase in TOS and OSI and a decrease in TAC and PON-1 levels in serum and liver tissues of Group III were observed compared to Groups I and II. After treatment with CAPE, the level of TOS and OSI decreased while TAC and PON-1 increased in serum and liver in Group IV. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed hepatic injury after fluoxetine treatment and reduction of injury with CAPE treatment.Conclusion. Our results suggested that CAPE treatment provided protection against fluoxetine toxicity. Following CAPE treatment with fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity, TOS and OSI levels decreased, whereas PON-1 and TAC increased in the serum and liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as an injection material for vocal fold augmentation and to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Ten adult New Zealand rabbits were used.Under general anesthesia, 0.1-cc GIC was injected to one vocal fold and the augmentation of vocal fold was observed. No injection was applied to the opposite side, which was accepted as the control group. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months and the laryngeal specimens were histopathologically evaluated.The injected and the noninjected control vocal folds were analyzed. The GIC particles were observed in histological sections on the injected side, and no foreign body giant cells, granulomatous inflammation, necrosis, or marked chronic inflammation were detected around the glass ionomer particles. Mild inflammatory reactions were noticed in only two specimens. The noninjected sides of vocal folds were completely normal.The findings of this study suggest that GIC is biocompatible and may be further investigated as an alternative injection material for augmentation of the vocal fold. Further studies are required to examine the viscoelastic properties of GIC and the long-term effects in experimental studies.NA.

In this study, we investigated the effect of environmental pH on healing of acute rat tympanic membrane perforations. Twenty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and used in the study. A large myringotomy was performed in the posteroinferior quadrants of both tympanic membranes. In left ears, topical pH 4 standard calibration solution was used in groups 1 and 3, and pH 7 standard calibration solution was used in groups 2 and 4. Right ears served as controls, and allowed for spontaneous healing. The solutions were applied for 2 days in groups 1 and 2, and for 7 days in groups 3 and 4. Healing was assessed by macroscopic closure of the tympanic membrane perforation, and histopathological analysis of lamina propria edema, neovascularization, inflammatory cells, and fibroblastic reaction in the temporal bones. pH 7 and pH 4 groups were similar for macroscopic closure of perforation on day 2; however difference was significant on day 7. The fibroblastic activity was significantly less on days 2 and 7 in pH 4 group. On day 7, there were significant differences between pH 4 and pH 7, and pH 7 and control groups for inflammatory cell infiltration. In conclusion, clinical and histopathological results of this study indicated that acidic environmental pH speeded up and shortened wound-healing process. By building up optimum environmental pH, a healthy healing may be achieved in acute tympanic membrane perforations.

Reinke edema is one of the common cause of dysphonia middle-aged population, and severe thickening of vocal folds require surgical treatment. Smoking plays a major role on etiology. Vocal fold cysts are also benign lesions and vocal trauma blamed for acquired cysts. We would like to present 3 cases with vocal fold cyst related with Reinke edema. First case had a subepidermal epidermoid cyst with Reinke edema, which could be easily observed before surgery during laryngostroboscopy. Second case had a mucous retention cyst into the edematous Reinke tissue, which was detected during surgical intervention, and third case had a epidermoid cyst that occurred 2 months after before microlaryngeal operation regarding Reinke edema reduction. These 3 cases revealed that surgical management of Reinke edema needs a careful dissection and close follow-up after surgery for presence of vocal fold cysts.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anemia in pregnancy on the mode of delivery and new-born. Methods: Between June and October 2009, 307 pregnant women were evaluated in terms of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values, and delivery mode retrospectively. And also, the first and fifth minute Apgar scores, birth weight, and the values of Hb, Hct, and bilirubin, which obtained from the cord blood of neonates, were analyzed. Pregnant women were divided into two groups and classified as: hemoglobin value under 11.1 g / dl as anemic and the others as non-anemic group. In addition, the anemic group were divided into three group in terms of hemoglobin value, as follows: Group 1: 10.1 -11 mg/dl, group 2: 9.1 - 10 mg/dl, and group 3, Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı gebelikteki aneminin doğum şekli ve yeni doğan (YD) üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Haziran-Ekim 2009 arasında doğum yapan 307 gebede hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (Hct) değerleri ve doğum şekli retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca 1.dakika ve 5.dakika apgar skorları, doğum ağırlıkları ve yeni doğanların kordon kanından elde edilen Hb, Hct ve bilirubin değerleri kaydedildi. Gebeler, Hb değeri 11,1 g/dl ve üzerinde olanlar anemik olmayan ve 11g/dl altında olanlar ise anemik olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılarak sınıflandırıldı. Ayrıca Hb değeri 10,1–11 g/dl, 9,1-10 g/dl ve 9 g/dl\'nin altında olanlar şeklinde anemik grup kendi içinde 3 gruba ayrıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan gebelerin 146\'sı anemik iken, 161\'i anemik değildi. Düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebek oranları anemik gebelerde anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p=0,029). Anemik gebelerin yeni doğanlarında Hb (P=0,026) ve Hct P=0,006) değerlerinin anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. Düşük doğum ağırlığı sıklığı, anne Hb değeri 10g/dl ve altında olduğunda anlamlı olarak artmaktaydı (%62,5 duyarlılık, %74,7 özgüllük). Sonuç: Anemik gebelerin yeni doğanlarında düşük doğum ağırlığı ile düşük Hb ve Hct değerleri daha sık görülmektedir. Bu nedenle gebelik esnasında anemi muhtemel olumsuz sonuçları nedeniyle taranmalı ve tedavi edilmelidir.

Subjective and objective voice evaluation of patients injected with hyaluronic acid-dextranomere (HA-D) in the long term was not different from their preoperative values. HA-D injection does not provide an increase in the voice quality in the long term.This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term voice outcomes of injection with HA-D in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Seventeen patients with UVFP underwent injection of HA-D. The patient group was composed of 13 women and 4 men with an age range of 34-56 years. The voice samples of patients were obtained before the injection and after the longest available follow-up. Long-term results were evaluated subjectively by the GRBAS scale and objectively by acoustic analysis.The follow-up period was between 6 and 42 months. Fundamental frequency, jitter, and noise-to-harmonics ratio were decreased in the postoperative period. Shimmer was nearly the same. An increase in the S score and a decrease in R, B, and A scores were observed. Neither the GRBAS scale parameters nor the acoustic analysis results were statistically significantly different before injection and after long-term follow-up.