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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on the water sorption and solubility of heat‐cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Materials and Methods Fifty disc‐shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) of heat‐cured PMMA were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 10) to be modified with 2.5 wt.% or 7.5 wt.% of either TiO2 or CuO nanoparticles. One group was left unmodified, serving as the control group. Water sorption and solubility were measured by weighing the specimens before and after immersion in distilled water and desiccation. The data were analyzed by using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = .05). Results The 2.5 wt.% CuO nanoparticles significantly decreased the water sorption (p = .016), but did not change the water solubility (p = .222) compared with the control group. The 7.5 wt.% CuO and both concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles did not change the water sorption, but significantly increased the solubility of heat‐cured PMMA (p ≤ .05). Conclusion Adding 2.5 wt.% CuO nanoparticles to heat‐cured PMMA decreases the water sorption; although, it has no significant effect on the solubility. Likewise, 2.5 and 7.5 wt.% TiO2 and 7.5 wt.% CuO do not affect the water sorption, but increase the water solubility of heat‐cured PMMA. Clinical Significance Reinforcing the heat‐cured PMMA denture base resin materials with the right concentration and type of nanoparticles can decrease the water sorption of resin base materials, and consequently can influence the durability of dentures.

Background:. Skin lesions and traumas can affect the skin by leaving scars. The purpose of this study was evaluating the results of a new technique in reconstructive surgery of scars on the nose. In this technique, extra skin remaining from reduction rhinoplasty is applied to the defect remained from removing the scar. Methods:. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study performed on 33 patients who underwent reduction rhinoplasty from 2013 to 2018 due to scars on the dorsal nasal skin. Five sets of standards, criteria, and questionnaires were used to evaluate the cosmetic outcomes, scars, and nasal function. These included the Cakir concept, visual analogue scale, patient reported outcome measurement, Stony Brook scar evaluation scale, and sino-nasal outcome test-22. Results:. According to the surface polygon concept, or Cakir concept, the number of affected polygons due to scars decreased in all included patients (P < 0.05). In addition, constant improvement in patients’ satisfaction, based on patient reported outcome measurement (P < 0.001) and visual analogue scale (P ≤ 0.05), as well as physicians’ satisfaction, based on Stony Brook scar evaluation scale, were determined. Furthermore, evaluating the patients’ breathing, based on sino-nasal outcome test-22 criteria (P < 0.09), indicated no adverse effects. Conclusion:. Excision of scars from dorsal nasal skin and conducting rhinoplasty surgery from the same access can be considered an option for reconstructing nasal scars.

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a condition defined as having three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the20 weeks of pregnancy. The present study was undertaken to investigate association of Interleukin-17A (IL-17A)rs2275913 polymorphism with RM. To this end, we searched the international databases (Web of Science, PubMed,Embase, and Scopus) and extracted studies investigating the association of IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism withRM using the appropriate keywords. The collected data were analyzed with the random-effects model and STATA(version 14). A total of five studies met the eligibility criteria, and total sample size was 998 subjects. Mean ageof the cases and controls were 31.41 ± 4.16 and 30.56 ± 3.5 years, respectively. Our results disclosed a significantrelationship of the IL-17A rs2275913 AA genotype [odds ratio (OR)=1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.16-2.43; I2=19; P=0.294) with RM. There was no statistically significant correlation between IL-17A rs2275913 GGgenotype (OR=1.04; 95% CI=0.64-1.7; I2=59.5; P=0.042) and GA genotype (OR=0.85; 95% CI=0.65-1.12; I2=19.1;P=0.293) with RM. Our findings revealed that the IL-17A rs2275913 polymorphism is associated with RM, and theAA genotype of this polymorphism increased possibility of being involved in RM.

Abstract Background Among all ectopic pregnancies, between 0.5% and 3.5% are ovarian ectopic pregnancies, a potentially life-threatening condition when ruptured due to its serious potential for hemorrhaging. A majority of ovarian ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed by the 7th week of pregnancy when the patient becomes symptomatic, and ultrasound can be used to diagnose this condition. Case presentation We present the case of a 39-year-old Persian woman in the 12th week of gestation who presented with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain and was diagnosed with ovarian ectopic pregnancy. Her notable laboratory finding was β-human chorionic gonadotropin > 15,000, which indicates definite pregnancy. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) revealed no evidence of intrauterine pregnancy, but a well-circumscribed gestational sac in the left ovary. The patient was successfully treated with resection of the gestational sac and partial left salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological studies confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion The case emphasizes the ability of ovarian ectopic pregnancy to develop asymptomatically through the course of pregnancy and points to the necessity for high-quality prenatal care and the importance of determining the fetal site during pregnancy.

Background & aim: Pregnant and lactating women need special considerations for dental treatments. This study was performed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of general dentists and dental students about treatment considerations during pregnancy and lactation.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 general dentists and 66 last-year dental students were selected by random number table and census, respectively. The knowledge and practice of the participants was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire on a self-report basis. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 17).Results: The mean knowledge score of dentists and dental students was 8.56±2.33 and 8.11±2.23 (out of 13), with no significant difference between the two groups. There was a significant association between knowledge and age (p= 0.001) as well as work experience of dentists (p= 0.001). A significant relationship was found between students' knowledge and their gender and average grade point (p=0.040 and p=0.001). 0.6% of dentists and 28.7% of dental students did not choose the correct position on the unit during pregnancy. 32.3% of dentists and 27.3% of dental students wrongly considered adrenaline-containing anesthetics as contraindicated during pregnancy. 22.9% of dentists and 12.1% of dental students incorrectly considered Metronidazole and 20.8% of dentists and 30.3% of dental students Barbiturates as safe medications during lactation.Conclusion: Considering the level of knowledge and practice of general dentists and dental students about treatment considerations during pregnancy and lactation, it is suggested to consider this subject in dentistry education programs and also to hold training workshops to improve the level of knowledge into ideal.

Abstract Background and Objective Despite the pervasive vaccination program against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), fully vaccinated people are still being infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, making an effective and safe therapeutic intervention a crucial need for the patients' survival. The purpose of the present study is to seek available evidence for the efficacy and safety of three promising medications artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab against COVID‐19. Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, medRxive, and Google Scholar up to January 2022. Furthermore, the clinical trial databases were screened to find more citations. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used to assess the included studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1. Results Five published studies were identified as eligible. Meta‐analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the infliximab and control groups in terms of mortality rate (risk ratio [RR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.07; p = 0.09). However, a significant difference was observed between the two groups for the hospital discharge (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.04–1.80; p = 0.03). No remarkable clinical benefit was observed in favor of using imatinib for COVID‐19 patients. Artesunate showed significant improvement in patients with COVID‐19. Conclusion In the present, limited evidence exists for the efficacy and safety of artesunate, imatinib, and infliximab in patients with COVID‐19. The findings of WHO's Solidarity international trial will provide further information regarding these therapeutic interventions.

Tin nano oxides (II /IV) (SnO/SnO2) were synthesized via a Sol - Gel method by using SnCl2 salt and starch media. The structures of these oxides were characterized and investigated by some spectroscopic methods such as SEM, XRD, UV, FT-IR. The effect of calcination temperature on the particle size of Tin nano oxides was investigated. The average particle size of these nano oxides are 11.75 and 11.19 nm by calculation with Debye- Scherrer equation. In the other part of this work, we study the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized synthesized metal oxides. In the results, nano-sized SnO2 is a good antimicrobial compound in the range of 10 mg per ml on the Gram negative bacteria. Nano-sized snow has not and antibacterial activity. Also the nano-sized SnO2 can to prevent of the grouting some gram negative bacteria, such as, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1214, Escherichia coli PTCC 1330, Klebsiella and Albixs Candida PTCC 5027.

Self-efficacy and the use of electronic information services acceptance among the university students can affect the learners' online services. This is the due to the learners' acceptance of using technology and its role in their life. Therefore, the complexity of online and offline services needs to be examined by the experts to assess the learners'' satisfaction which helps them to achieve electronic services. Learners' self-efficacy management can be evaluated as an important issue in the present study. The present study aims at investigating the survey of the relationship between the internet self-efficacy and using the electronic information services among the university students of Dezful Islamic Azad University, Khuzestan, Iran. The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytical method and took a correlational approach. The study sample included 387 students. Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) was applied to investigate the study conceptual model. The results indicated that the use of the internet among the university students significantly affected the electronic services application (β =0.182). The same significant effects were also found in the variables including web specific self-efficacy on the acceptability of use (β=0.285), perceived control on electronic services application (β=0.142), perceived control on the acceptability of use (β=0.139), interpersonal norms on the acceptability of use (β=0.376), attitudes on the acceptability of use (β=0.169),perceived usefulness on attitudes(β=0.224), perceived amusement on the attitudes(β=0.335), perceived risk on the attitude (β=0.187), and internet self-efficacy on the web-specific self-efficacy(β=0.672). However, it was also made clear that the effects of web-specific self-efficacy on the electronic services application (β=0.033), social norms on the acceptability of use (β=0.061), internet self-efficacy on attitudes (β=0.079) and social norms on attitudes (β=0.026) are not statistically significant. The universities can prepare and compile appropriate training programs to take effective steps in the acceptability of the internet use that is in line with making students more informed and aware of the electronic services.

A new species of tooth-carp, Aphanius arakensis sp. n., is described from the Namak Lake basin in Iran. The new species is distinguished by the congeners distributed in Iran by the following combination of characters: 10–12 anal fin rays, 28–32 lateral line scales, 10–13 caudal peduncle scales, 8–10 gill rakers, 12–19, commonly 15–16, clearly defined flank bars in males, a more prominent pigmentation along the flank added by relatively big blotches in the middle and posterior flank segments in females, a short but high antirostrum of the otolith that has a wide excisura, and a ventral rim with some small, drop-like processes, and 19 molecular apomorphies (17 transitions, two transversions) in the cytochrome b gene. It was suggested based on the phylogenetic analysis that the new species is sister to A. sophiae from the Kor River and that A. farsicus from the Maharlu Lake basin is sister to A. arakensis plus A. sophiae. A noticeable feature of the Aphanius diversity in Iran is the conservatism of the external morphology as well as morphometric and meristic characters, while distinctive differences are present in genetic characters, otolith morphology, and male color pattern. Transformation of the latter was probably driven by sexual selection.