Search

Aim: The aim of the study is to know whether intravenous iron sucrose can be a better alternative in terms of safety and efficacy over blood transfusion in the treatment of anaemia in post-partum. Materials and methods: This are prospective study is conducted in obstetrics and gynaecology Department . All these women are randomly assigned (50 women total , 25 in each group) to receive either 2 doses of intravenous iron sucrose(Group A) or blood transfusion (Group B). Haemoglobin, hemocrit, mean corpuscular volume and serum ferritin estimation is done before treatment and after 1 wk. of correction in both groups to note the improvement in values and monitored for adverse reactions. Results: There is statically significant rise in haemoglobin , hemocrit , mean corpuscular volume , and serum ferritin levels when compared to baseline after 1 week of treatment in both groups. Statistically insignificant rise in mean Hb,Hct was observed when iron sucrose group is compared to blood transfusion group. Conclusion: Intravenous iron sucrose is safe , efficacious and cost-effective treatment for post-partum anaemia. It may be an attractive to blood transfusion which may be associated with minor and major reactions.

Summary Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies reported dyslipidemia in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles to evaluate the association of the lipid profile with the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods PubMed/Medline, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between January 1, 2020 and January 13, 2021. Random or Fixed effects models were used to calculate the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics. Results This meta-analysis included 19 studies. Of which, 12 studies were categorized by severity, 04 studies by mortality, and 03 studies by both severity and mortality. Our findings revealed significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the severe group when compared with the non-severe group in a random effect model. Similarly, random effect model results demonstrated significantly lower levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in the non-survivor group when compared with the survivor group. The level of TC was also found to be decreased in the non-survivor group when compared to the survivor group in a fixed-effect model. Conclusion In conclusion, the lipid profile is associated with both the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hence, the lipid profile may be used for assessing the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Prospero registration number CRD42021216316 .

Periodontitis has been associated with many systemic diseases and conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur concomitantly and together they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and double the risk of type 2 diabetes. In this review, we focus on the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis; however, we also include information on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, since these two conditions are significantly intertwined with metabolic syndrome. With regard to periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, to date, the vast majority of studies point to an association between these two conditions and also demonstrate that periodontitis can contribute to the development of, or can worsen, metabolic syndrome. Evaluating the effect of metabolic syndrome on the salivary microbiome, data presented herein support the hypothesis that the salivary bacterial profile is altered in metabolic syndrome patients compared with healthy patients. Considering periodontitis and these three conditions, the vast majority of human and animal studies point to an association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that metabolic syndrome and diabetes can alter the oral microbiome. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the influence these conditions have on each other.

Aim of this study is to analyse the percentage of weight loss in dragon fruit by keeping at different physical condition. We need to store fruits and vegetable at particular optimum physical condition because it is highly Vanishable. Vanishable means they can spoil very easily, because of high moisture content transpiration rate is also very high and since they are living commodity they undergo respiration. In this experiment a case study is conducted at different temperature of 12℃,8℃and 4℃. As the weight is decreased the firmness of fruit also decreases.

Aim and objective To reduce the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis by 50% over 2 months among children admitted to the emergency room (ER) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the pediatric ER of a tertiary care hospital in North India. All children aged >28 days, receiving intravenous (IV) medication and/or fluids, were enrolled between June (2017) and September (2017). Existing practices of IV line insertion and maintenance were observed and recorded. The visual infusion phlebitis score and infiltration assessment scale were to grade the extent of two. The intervention classified as “IV line insertion and maintenance bundle” included the introduction of low-cost mobile sterile compartment trays, audit and feedback, organizational change, introduction of infection control nurse and quality improvement (QI) team formations were implement in different Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Reduction in the “incidence of phlebitis and infiltration” was outcome measures while “scores on checklist of IV line insertion and IV line maintenance and administration of drugs” were process measures. Result The process measures, for IV line insertion, maintenance and administration of drugs through IV line, revealed an increase in scores on the checklist. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis from 82.9 and 96.1% to 45 and 55%, respectively, postimplementation of all PDSA cycles. Conclusion Multifaceted QI IV line insertion and maintenance bundle reduced the incidence of infiltration and phlebitis. These interventions when integrated into daily work bundles along with continuous education and motivation help in sustaining the goal and attaining long-term success. How to cite this article Singh N, Kalyan G, Kaur S, Jayashree M, Ghai S. Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Intravenous Line-related Infiltration and Phlebitis Incidence in Pediatric Emergency Room. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(5):557–565.

The numerical simulation of lead-free all-perovskite tandem solar cell using solar capacitance one dimensional tool (SCAPS 1D) has been performed. The combination of methyl ammonium germanium halide (CH3NH3GeI3) as wide band-gap (1.9 eV) perovskite layer and FA0.75MA0.25Sn0.25 Ge0.5I3 (FAMASnGeI3) as a low band-gap (1.4 eV) perovskite layer is considered for the first time which shows the optimal device efficiency of 26.72%. The present work studies the effect of the different electron transport layer, perovskite absorber thickness and its defect density on photovoltaic performance. Further, the effect of front electrode work function on the device photovoltaic performance is also studied. It has been observed that the device open circuit voltage (VoC) is significantly affected by the built-in voltage (Vbi) across the perovskite layer. In addition, the effect of thickness of the perovskite absorber layers is also investigated. Moreover, the effect of defect density of the absorber layer is also explored, and it has been found that for better device performance the defect density needs to be as low as possible. Furthermore, it has been observed that the work function of the front contact plays a significant role and for the proposed device its value should not be more than 4.4 eV. The proposed all–perovskite tandem solar cell shows the remarkable photovoltaic parameters i.e., open circuit voltage (VOC) = 1.07 Volts, short circuit current density (JSC) = 28.36 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) = 84.39% and efficiency (η) = 26.72%.

Prediabetes is a condition which appears prior to the development of diabetes in which blood glucose is abnormally high but do not reach the diagnostic threshold of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities viz. dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, insulin resistance, procoagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation, placing prediabetic subjects to an increased risk for diabetes and its complications. Recent studies demonstrate that complications of diabetes i.e. microvascular and macrovascular complications may manifest in some prediabetic subjects. This article reviews prediabetes-related risk factors and health issues. In addition, this article also highlights the interventions to prevent the development of diabetes in prediabetic subjects.

Introduction Prediabetes is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease and considered as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a leukocyte-derived enzyme, linked to both oxidative stress and inflammation and has been proposed as a possible mediator of atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of MPO in prediabetic subjects and correlate it with other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 subjects were recruited. Of them, 200 were prediabetic subjects and 200 were age and gender-matched controls. For each subject, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and lipid parameters were measured. In addition, MPO was determined. Results MPO was significantly increased in prediabetic subjects as compared to controls. In correlation analysis, MPO was found to be significantly and positively correlated with all the cardiovascular disease risk factors i.e. age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure [both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], lipid parameters except high density lipoprotein (HDL) to which it was negatively correlated. Conclusion In conclusion, MPO is well correlated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in prediabetes. Hence, MPO could be used to detect cardiovascular risk among prediabetic subjects and also can be used as an early biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammation in prediabetes.

Aim: Nowadays the ‘‘sunshine’’ vitamin attracts full attention toward its anti-inflammatory role that is much beyond its classical role in bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency is a major health issue that affects people of all ages, especially elderly women. With increasing age, women are at high risk of several metabolic diseases. This study aims to determine the levels of serum vitamin D and inflammatory markers in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 500 female subjects were included in the study, with 400 pre- & postmenopausal women were considered as cases while 100 subjects were considered as control healthy women. Serum Vitamin D was estimated by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Inflammatory markers, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assayed in serum by using standard immunoassay method. Serum Estradiol (E2) was estimated by the competitive immunoassay method in all studied female subjects. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software, version 22.0. Result: Serum Vitamin D levels were significantly decreased while inflammatory markers were significantly increased (p

This paper simulates the lead-free or non-toxic PSC (perovskite solar cell) based on cesium tin germanium halide (CsSnGeI3). The effect of different electron transport layers is understood by mutually related the built-in potential (Vbi) with the open circuit voltage (VOC). The simulation study reveals that electron transport layer (ETL) shows a crucial effect on the photovoltaic performance (PV performance) of solar cell. It is obtained from simulation, that ZnOS (Zincoxysulfide) as an ETL shows better device efficiency. Further, the PV performance is optimized based on the defect density (DD) of perovskite absorber layer. The proposed work depicts that at the optimum defect density of 1 × 1014 cm−3 a remarkable device efficiency is achieved i.e., ~ 25.43%.

Introduction Vaginal discharge is the most frequent complaint during pregnancy, leading to numerous complications in both the mother and fetus. Aim The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, investigate its common infectious causes and associated symptoms during pregnancy. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study performed over one year evaluated 200 expectant mothers with vaginal discharge at any trimester in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in cooperation with the Microbiology section, of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna. Results The mean age of the mothers was 26.84±5.51 years (range 19-42 years). Most of the patients (47.5%) were in the age group of 26-35 years, belonged to the lower socioeconomic class (67.5%), gravida 3 or more (43.5%), and presented in the third trimester. The prevalence of pathological discharge in pregnancy was 148/308 (48.05%). A positive culture was obtained in 105 (52.5%), and negative culture was obtained in 95 (47.5%). Vaginal candidiasis was diagnosed in most cases (37.5%), followed by aerobic vaginitis (15%), trichomoniasis (13.0%), and bacterial vaginosis (8.5%). The non-pathological discharge was diagnosed in 26.0%. Dysuria was the most common symptom (32.5%), followed by itching (27.5%) and urinary tract infection (UTI; 10.0%). The following variables were significantly associated (P

Urethane-methacrylate photo-monomers were prepared via a non-isocyanate route for the 3D printing application. The monomers were synthesized through reacting aliphatic amines, i.e. 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,4-butanediol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether, or n-butylamine, with cyclic carbonates, i.e. ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, followed by the methacrylation of the generated hydroxylurethanes. The effects of the chemical structure of monomers on their photo-reactivity and physicomechanical properties of the cured samples were studied. Propylene carbonate generated side methyl groups within the urethane block, which significantly limited the crystallization of the monomers resulting in high photo-reactivity (Rp,max = 6.59 × 10−2 s−1) and conversion (DBCtotal = 85%). The ether bonds of 1,4-butanediol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether decreased the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between urethane blocks, which not only improved the photo-reactivity (Rp,max = 8.18 × 10−2 s−1) and conversion (DBCtotal = 86%) of the monomer but led to a high crosslinking density (νc = 5140 mol m−3) and more flexibility for the cured sample. An ink was developed based on the monomers and successfully 3D printed on a digital light processing machine. In the absence of toxic isocyanates and tin compounds, the non-isocyanate route can be employed to develop urethane-methacrylates with desirable photo-reactivity and physicomechanical properties as good candidates to formulate inks for 3D printing of biomedical materials.

The presence of lead material in lead halide perovskite absorber is always remains a major obstacle due to its toxic nature. The emergence of tin halide perovskite absorber will overcome this toxicity issue and due to its extraordinary properties such as direct band gap and compatible visible spectrum of solar cells attracts a wide attention to researchers to focus on the development of lead free perovskite solar cells. This paper comprises of the device simulation of lead-free perovskite material. In addition, effect of various hole transport layers, and the effect of absorber band gap have been studied. It has been observed from the results that along with the proper band alignment of HTM layer with perovskite layer, the mobility of HTM layer plays an important role to achieve better device performance. Furthermore, it has been concluded that Cu2O layer as a hole transport material exhibits better device performance as compare to the other HTM layer used in this paper.

The numerical simulation of inorganic halide based perovskite solar cell has been performed. This paper demonstrates the use of CsPbI2Br as a perovskite layer in the device simulation based on SCAPS 1D for the first time. The magnesium doped zinc oxide (ZnMgO) as an electron transport layer (ETL) of varying band gap has been used and correspondingly the photovoltaic performance has been measured. The values of the band gap of ZnMgO layer has been directly taken from the literature where the variation in band gap has been performed by changing the magnesium concentration in the ETL layer. It has been elucidated from the simulation results that with the increase in band gap of ZnMgO layer, the photovoltaic performance decreases. This is mainly because the ZnMgO layer with wider band gap has higher carrier recombination. Moreover, the increase in recombination also degrades the other parameters such as VOC, JSC, and FF of the simulated device.

Background: Objectives of the current study were to evaluate the risks factors, clinical presentations, the management and maternal and fetal outcome of common obstetric emergencies encountered at Government general hospital Nizamabad, Telangana, from April 2019 to November 2019.Methods: It is an Observational, hospital-based study done department of obstetrics and gynaecology in 160 cases of obstetric emergencies managed in 8 months study period were reviewed.Results: Out of 3000 deliveries there were 160 cases of obstetric emergencies giving a percentage of 5.33%. About 84% had antenatal care and 16% had not taken ANC with perinatal mortality of 91.9% in booked cases. Out of 160 cases of obstetric emergencies, obstetric haemorrhage constituted 94 (58.75%) cases and among those cases, 23 cases (24.5%) were PPH including both atonic and traumatic, abruptio placenta constituted 35 cases (37.3%). Out of 160 cases of obstetric emergencies, obstructed labour constituted 29 cases (18.1%) being a frequent indication for emergency caesarean section, 1 case of septic abortion and 30 cases eclampsia. 29 perinatal deaths giving the perinatal mortality rate as 181 per 1000 live births. One maternal mortality due to rupture uterus. Maternal morbidity was in the form of wound infections which was found in 6 cases (3.75%), wound gaping in 2 cases (1.25%) PPH in 19 cases (11.81%), septicaemia in 17 cases (10.6%), puerperal pyrexia 6 cases (3.7%), vaginal or cervical injury 6 cases (3.7%), ICU admissions in 9 cases (5.6%). This morbidity increased the number of days of hospital stay to the patients.Conclusions: In majority of cases, the complications are preventable and treatable with proper antenatal and intranatal care. Identification of high risks cases, education of people about the importance of supervised pregnancy, delivery and emergency obstetric care will reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity and perinatal mortality and morbidity significantly.

Background: Caesarean section is associated with risks of postoperative adhesions, incisional hernias (which may require surgical correction) and wound infections. The risk of the surgery may be increased due to a number of factors. The aim of the study was to study the effects of repeated caesarean sections and intra surgical difficulties.Methods: A cross sectional, observational, hospital-based study was done for all patients with repeat caesarean section for a period of 8 months. 190 women who have undergone one or more caesarean section of term gestation with a live foetus irrespective of amniotic fluid colour and amount with cephalic, breech, or transverse presentation elective and emergency caesarean sections and singleton or multiple pregnancies were selected for study.Results: In the present study the highest prevalence of previous C-section was seen in age group 20-29 years, which accounted for (88.5%). Complications are present in 42.1% patients in which adhesions was the most found complication. Adhesion between Parietal peritoneum and anterior surface of uterus is present in 26.3% patients, omentum and uterus is present in 25.8% patients, adhesiolysis was done in 28.9% patients. 80% complications were present in patients with one previous CS. The association was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Women undergoing repeated cesarean sections have a risk of increased morbidity due to increased intraoperative complications. To avoid this one should keep the cesarean section rate at reasonable limit with appropriate surgical techniques and to limit primary cesarean section rate.

Impulse noises encountered in indoor wireline communications systems consist of a series of wideband sub-impulses embedded in strongly colored background noise. The temporal attributes and spectral contents of these sub-impulses vary with time exhibiting interesting patterns both in time and frequency domain. Conventional methods of spectral analysis such as those based on power spectral density estimation give information only about the average spectral contents of observed impulse noise and do not convey any information about their nature of distribution. Time-frequency analysis methods are only able to quantify the magnitude of changing spectral content w.r.t time. Thus, in this paper we propose time-varying spectral entropy based analysis to capture the changing distribution of spectral contents of impulse noise recordings. This approach complements the existing time-frequency domain based characterization techniques and thus provides deeper insight into the structure of the impulse noises by tracking the changing distribution of time-varying spectrum.

Importance Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.\ud \ud Objective To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.\ud \ud Evidence Review We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.\ud \ud Findings In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).\ud \ud Conclusions and Relevance The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer

Impulse noises generated by domestic electrical and electronic appliances impact the performance of indoor Power Line Communication (PLC) systems severely. To understand the nature of complexity of these noises, especially in frequency domain, we need to look beyond average Power Spectral Density (PSD) based attributes. Hence, in this paper we have proposed spectral entropy based analysis for quantifying complexity of impulse noises in frequency domain. It has been demonstrated in this paper that Shannon Spectral Entropy is capable of quantifying the degree of regularity present in the distribution of spectral components of the impulse noises under observation. Thus, spectral entropy based features may contribute significantly in reliable diagnostics or identification of impulse noise sources which are primary disturbers in PLC systems.