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An efficient room-temperature self-powered, broadband (300 ​nm–1100 nm) photodetector based on a CuO–TiO2/TiO2/p-Si(100) heterostructure is demonstrated. The CuO–TiO2 nanocomposites were grown in a two-zone horizontal tube furnace on a 40 ​nm TiO2 thin film deposited on a p-type Si(100) substrate. The CuO–TiO2/TiO2/p-Si(100) devices exhibited excellent rectification characteristics under dark and individual photo-illumination conditions. The devices showed remarkable photo-response under broadband (300–1100 ​nm) light illumination at zero bias voltage, indicating the achievement of highly sensitive self-powered photodetectors at visible and near-infrared light illuminations. The maximum response of the devices is observed at 300 ​nm for an illumination power of 10 ​W. The response and recovery times were calculated as 86 ​ms and 78 ​ms, respectively. Moreover, under a small bias, the devices showed a prompt binary response by altering the current from positive to negative under illumination conditions. The main reason behind this binary response is the low turn-on voltage and photovoltaic characteristics of the devices. Under illumination conditions, the generation of photocurrent is due to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs within the built-in electric field at the CuO–TiO2/TiO2 interface. These characteristics make the CuO–TiO2/TiO2 broadband photodetectors suitable for applications that require high response speeds and self-sufficient functionality.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of online reviews on behavioral intentions via perceived risk. Perceived risk is both analytical and emotional. Stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework guided this study to explore the interaction between online reviews, perceived risk and behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual model proposed in this research has been validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling to assess the measurement model and the validity of the scale, based on primary responses collected from 473 travelers. Findings – Findings of this study suggest the role of online consumer reviews in reducing the perceived risk associated with experience dominant services like tourism. Process model test proves the mediating role of perceived risk between online reviews and behavioral intentions. Results indicate the significance of online review in lowering the perceived risk leading to positive behavioral intentions. Practical implications – Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) should understand the role of online reviews in effectively reducing risk and uncertainty, thereby influencing behavioral intentions. Originality/value – This paper is unique in attempting to empirically examine the mediating role of perceived risk between online reviews and behavioral intentions. The study is a forerunner in using S–O–R framework to test the interaction between online review, perceived risk and behavioral intention.

Introduction:Breast cancer has been a leading malignancy in women across the globe. In breast conserving treatment, radiation therapy plays an important role. This is clinically approved that breast conserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy produces as the same survival rate as radical breast RT. The aim of this study was to find out suitable number of IMRT fields to treat left-sided breast cancer and analyze the effects of increasing the number of fields in IMRT plans.Material and Methods:We selected 105 patients retrospectively for this study diagnosed with left-sided breast cancer of age ranging from 33 to 74 years. There were 52 cases of chest wall (CW) irradiation including SCF, 20 cases of BCS and 33 cases were of CW including supra-clavicular fossa (SCF) and internal mammary lymph nodes (IMLN).Results:Our main objective was to analyze dose-distribution of left lung. Monitor Units (MUs) were also recorded and found almost same in these three modalities ranging from 1200 to 2000. The mean value of V20Gy(cc) in 11-bIMRT technique was found less by 8-17cc as compared to 7-and 9-bIMRT technique. It was observed that 11-bIMRT technique yielded slightly better outcomes in terms of V20Gy(cc).Conclusion: The technique 7-bIMRT gives slightly better result in controlling low-dose volume of underlying lung and heart. As the number of IMRT beams increases, it translates into better outcomes in terms of reducing high-dose volume as well as mean-dose of left lung. So, it is prudent to use ‘N’ number of IMRT fields such as 7≤ N ≤11 in left breast RT.

Introduction: The objective of this work is to design a new kind of AHFP phantom to determine if this phantom is a realistic representation of actual cervical cancer patients. This can serve as a stand-in for the dosimetry quality assurance of a real patient. Material and Methods: An anthropomorphic heterogeneous female pelvic phantom was designed which was made of paraffin wax, a female pelvic bone, water, gauze, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polymerized siloxanes. The AHFP phantom was scanned using a CT scanner (Toshiba Alexion 16 multi–Slice CT scanner) at 120kVp and 250mAs with a slice thickness of 2mm to assess how accurately the resulting phantom product simulates a real patient. The CT images were transferred to the Eclipse treatment planning system for dosimetry analysis. Results: The AHFP phantom's CT numbers and relative electron densities of the uterus, bladder, rectum, muscles, fat, bones, and cavities were found close to real patients. The mean percentage variations between planned and measured doses of all RapidArc QA plans were of 2.14 % and standard deviation of 0.543 (t=0.135, p= 0.447; p>0.05) for homogeneous phantom¸ and 7.57% & standard deviation 2.358 (t=4.674, p=0.00094; p< .05) for AHFP phantom. Conclusion: It is concluded that the existing algorithms in TPS for dosimetry are working fine for homogeneous phantoms, but it does not work good for heterogeneous (AHFP) phantom. Therefore, patient-specific absolute dosimetry should be performed using a heterogeneous phantom that closely resembles the actual human body in terms of both density and design.

With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses, two-dimensional (2D) materials drawn the attention of the scientific community. Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2D materials, knowledge of 2D electrical transport and carrier dynamics still in its infancy. Thus, here we highlighted the electrical characteristics of 2D materials with electronic band structure, electronic transport, dielectric constant, carriers mobility. The atomic thinness of 2D materials makes substantially scaled field-effect transistors (FETs) with reduced short-channel effects conceivable, even though strong carrier mobility required for high performance, low-voltage device operations. We also discussed here about factors affecting 2D materials which easily enhanced the activity of those materials for various applications. Presently, Those 2D materials used in state-of-the-art electrical and optoelectronic devices because of the extensive nature of their electronic band structure. 2D materials offer unprecedented freedom for the design of novel p-n junction device topologies in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductors. We also, describe the numerous 2D p-n junctions, such as homo junction and hetero junction including mixed dimensional junctions. Finally, we talked about the problems and potential for the future.

Introduction: Healthcare in China has historically relied on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has had far-reaching effects on healthcare systems in neighboring nations. TCM has generated anticancer herbal medications. Cancer clinical trials have also examined herbal remedies. Methodology: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar were among the online databases that were searched. Consequently, this review set out to compile a synopsis of the documented phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the selected plant species. This literature review sought to illuminate TCMadjuvant cancer therapeutic role. New research reveals herbal medicines may inhibit cancer cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, and death. Results: This review aimed to summarise herbs and their TCM processes for chemoprevention and treatment. TCM treatments that target cancer stem cells and alter the tumor microenvironment have also been studied. This review will underpin traditional Chinese medicine cancer therapy research. Discussion: The bioactive chemicals in these herbs have been shown in clinical trials to have a wide range of cancer-fighting properties, with few side effects and a marked improvement in patient's quality of life. Conclusion: Given these benefits, it's clear that incorporating Chinese medicines into cancer care could be a significant step towards a more effective and comprehensive approach to treating the disease.

Introduction: Olfactory fossa (OF) is a depression in most infero-medial portion of anterior cranial fossa formed by cribriform plate, crista galli and lateral lamella of cribriform plate (LLCP). LLCP being thinnest and extremely variable parts, more prone for iatrogenic injury during sinus surgery in case of asymmetric and deep OF. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is frequently used imaging modality in the evaluation of paranasal sinus. The objective of the study is to classify the OF depth according to the Keros classification. Methods: In this ethically approved prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study, CT scan was done in 530 consecutive patients from February 2022 to July 2023. Coronal CT images of paranasal sinuses and nose were used to measure the OF depth. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 530 patients included in this study, 310 (58.49%) were male and 220 (41.51%) were female with mean age of 40.46±11.56 years. Total of 1060 olfactory fossa were analyzed with mean depth of 4.96±1.88 mm. In our study, 310 (29.24%) had type I, 730 (68.88%) had type II and 20 (1.88%) had type III according to Keros classification. Conclusions: Keros type II OF is more common. The dangerous type III OF having low prevalence, more commonly seen on right side and in males.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune disorder which mainly affects the skin and skeletal muscles. Characteristic features of this rare disorder include Gottron papules, heliotrope rashes and proximal muscle weakness. MDA5 positive JDM is usually associated with interstitial lung disease in later part of life. The authors report a case of an 11-year-old male child who presented to the Paediatric Department with complaints of rashes over extensor surfaces, Gottron papules and pain and weakness in all limbs. The child was on treatment from the Dermatology Department as a case of psoriasis for last six months. During hospital stay after detailed work-up, the child was diagnosed to have JDM. Anti-melanoma Differentiation-Associated gene 5 (Anti-MDA5) antibodies were positive in the present case. The child was treated with immunosuppressive drugs with supportive care and is currently on treatment for the last one and a half years and is largely asymptomatic. JDM requires meticulous clinical examination and specific investigations so that timely diagnosis can be made to ensure appropriate treatment. In the present index case, the authors describe the typical clinical presentation, newer investigative modalities like myositis specific antibody and treatment outcomes of this rare condition.

Background: Cough is one of the most common clinical presentations encountered frequently in the pediatric population and is correlated with Kasa Roga in Ayurveda. Kasa Roga (cough) is distressing to children and hampers their quality of life. Vataja Kasa (acute cough) if left untreated becomes chronic and distressing to both the child and the parents. Various ayurvedic formulations with cough-suppressing effects have been documented in classical texts that are cost-effective; Kasahara Dashemani is one such ayurvedic polyherbal compound mentioned by Acharya Charaka, possessing antitussive properties that are also evidenced by previous studies. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Syrup Kasahara Dashemani on classical cardinal features of Vataja Kasa (acute cough), cough scores, and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: The present study was an interventional prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial in which 30 children between the age group of 5 and 15 years presenting with classical cardinal features of Vataja Kasa (acute cough) were administered with syrup Kasahara Dashemani orally in various age-dependent doses calculated by using Young's formula, every 6 h for 1-month duration. Assessment criteria included six classical cardinal features of Vataja Kasa, daytime and nighttime cough scores, and hematological investigations. Results: On assessing the outcome parameters, significant improvement was observed in all the six classical cardinal features of Vataja Kasa (acute cough), daytime and nighttime cough scores (P < 0.0001), eosinophil count (P < 0.05), absolute eosinophil count (P < 0.05), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.05) in all the study subjects. Conclusion: Syrup Kasahara Dashemani can help alleviate Vataja Kasa (acute cough) in the pediatric population.

Background and Aim: Two-point discrimination (TPD) is a useful test for assessing cutaneous sensation. Sensory testing devices for testing TPD values have shown to be valid and reliable in the measurement of the functional sensitivity of the hand and its relativity to touch perception. Evaluation of TPD in the lower extremities is debatable because of dearth of information available in the literature about normative values. The aim of this study is to identify the normative values of TPD of lower limb dermatomes in young, healthy individuals and analyze its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and gender. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants of the age group 18–25 undergoing graduation program were included in this study. They underwent TPD test for lower limb (L1 to S2) dermatomes, using a baseline esthesiometer. The Spearman's ratio test was used to find the relationship between BMI and TPD values. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare TPD values according to gender. Results: The normative value ranged from 1.46 ± 1.27 to 2.61 ± 1.45 in lower limb dermatomes. The minimum value noted was at the S1 dermatome (left) and the maximum at the L2 dermatome (left). In the sidewise analysis of TPD, the median values of both sides were approximately the same. There was a definite correlation (P < 0.05) between female gender and TPD; however, there was no significant correlation between BMI and TPD. Conclusion: This study suggested that women are more perceptive in appreciating TPD values than men. Moreover, TPD values do not vary according to BMI or right and left sides.

Purpose To assess the correlation between abdominal fat measured at computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and association with clinical outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods This prospective study comprised consecutive patients with AP who underwent abdominal CT and DXA. Fat estimation was done on whole-body DXA and abdominal CT. Correlations among body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), DXA, and CT fat measurements were determined. The association between fat measurements and clinical outcomes was assessed. Results Fifty-nine patients (mean age 38.2 years, 48 males) were included. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.691–0.799) between DXA and CT fat estimation. In addition, there was a significant association of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on DXA and CT with the severity of AP (p = 0.039 and 0.021, respectively) and the need for drainage of collections (p = 0.026 and 0.008, respectively). There was a weak correlation of the BMI and WC with the length of hospitalization (LOH) (r = 0.121, 0.190, respectively) and length of intensive care unit stay (LOICU) (r = 0.211, 0.197), while there was a moderate to strong correlation of the truncal fat and visceral fat on DXA and total adipose tissue and VAT on CT with LOH (r = 0.562, 0.532, 0.602 and 0.614, respectively) and LOICU (r = 0.591, 0.577, 0.636, and 0.676, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, fat indices measured on DXA and CT are associated with the severity of AP. In addition, the fat measurements at DXA are strongly correlated with those obtained at CT.

The experiment aimed to investigate the impact of foliar application of spermidine on the physiological and reproductive aspects of chickpea genotypes subjected to salt stress, with a focus on its consequences for seed quality. The study involved treating chickpea genotypes (CSG 8962, HC 3, HC 5, RSG 931) with 4 and 8 dSm ^−1 Cl ^− dominate salinity during the seedling stage, and application of 0.5 and 1.0 mM spermidine at the flowering stage. Result revealed that salinity significantly reduced chlorophyll and membrane stability index by approximately 46.97% and 23.19%, respectively. Concurrently, pollen germination and viability decreased about 14.14% and 22.24%, leading to a substantial decline in seed protein content (37.70%) at 8 dSm ^−1 salinity. While there was an increase in antioxidant activity (45.83%), phenol content decreased in response to salinity stress. Foliar application of spermidine (0.5 and 1.0 mM) proved to be a promising intervention, enhancing chlorophyll stability and phenol content by approximately 24.35% and 36.05%, respectively, at 8 dSm ^−1 salinity. This improvement is associated with a notable 20.01% increase in pollen viability, resulting in a subsequent rise in protein content by about 20.73% at 1.0 mM spermidine. Additionally, the application of spermidine mitigated Na ^+ ion accumulation in chickpea seeds. The findings underscore the varying performance of chickpea genotypes under salinity stress, with CSG 8962 and RSG 931 exhibiting poorer outcomes compared to other genotypes. Notably, the positive impact of spermidine was more pronounced, especially with the use of 1.0 mM spermidine, which demonstrated a more significant positive effect in salt-sensitive chickpea genotypes. These results emphasize the potential of spermidine as a strategic tool in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on chickpea crops, offering valuable insights for the development of sustainable practices to enhance chickpea resilience and seed quality under challenging environmental conditions.

Background: Accurate dosimetry is crucial in radiotherapy to ensure optimal radiation dose delivery to the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Traditional dosimetry techniques using homogeneous phantoms may not accurately represent the complex anatomical variations in cervical cancer patients, highlighting the need to compare dosimetry results obtained from different phantom models. Purpose: The aim of this study is to design and evaluate an anthropomorphic heterogeneous female pelvic (AHFP) phantom for radiotherapy quality assurance in cervical cancer treatment. Materials and method: Thirty RapidArc plans designed for cervical cancer patients were exported to both the RW3 homogeneous phantom and the anthropomorphic heterogeneous pelvic phantom. Dose calculations were performed using the anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA), and the plans were delivered using a linear accelerator (LA). Dose measurements were obtained using a 0.6 cc ion chamber. The percentage (%) variation between planned and measured doses was calculated and analyzed. Additionally, relative dosimetry was performed for various target locations using RapidArc and IMRT treatment techniques. The AHFP phantom demonstrated excellent agreement between measured and expected dose distributions, making it a reliable quality assurance tool in radiotherapy. Results: The results reveal that the percentage variation between planned and measured doses for all RapidArc quality assurance (QA) plans using the AHFP phantom is 10.67% (maximum value), 2.31% (minimum value), and 6.89% (average value), with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.565 (t = 3.21604, p = 0.001063). Also, for the percentage of variation between homogeneous and AHFP phantoms, the t-value is −11.17016 and the p-value is p < 0.05. We can see that the outcomes differ significantly due to the influence of heterogeneous media. Also, the average gamma values in RapidArc plans are 0.29, 0.32, and 0.35 (g ≤ 1) and IMRT plans are 0.45, 0.44, and 0.42 (g ≤ 1) for targets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The AHFP phantom results show more dose variability than homogenous phantom outcomes. Also, the AHFP phantom was found to be suitable for QA evaluation.

Abstract Background Quantifying excess deaths and their impact on life expectancy at birth (e0) provide a more comprehensive understanding of the burden of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) on mortality. The study aims to comprehend the repercussions of the burden of COVID-19 disease on the life expectancy at birth and inequality in age at death in India. Methods The mortality schedule of COVID-19 disease in the pandemic year 2020 was considered one of the causes of death in the category of other infectious diseases in addition to other 21 causes of death in the non-pandemic year 2019 in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data. The measures e0 and Gini coefficient at age zero (G0) and then sex differences in e0 and G0 over time were analysed by assessing the age-specific contributions based on the application of decomposition analyses in the entire period of 2010–2020. Results The e0 for men and women decline from 69.5 and 72.0 years in 2019 to 67.5 and 69.8 years, respectively, in 2020. The e0 shows a drop of approximately 2.0 years in 2020 when compared to 2019. The sex differences in e0 and G0 are negatively skewed towards men. The trends in e0 and G0 value reveal that its value in 2020 is comparable to that in the early 2010s. The age group of 35–79 years showed a remarkable negative contribution to Δe0 and ΔG0. By causes of death, the COVID-19 disease has contributed − 1.5 and − 9.5%, respectively, whereas cardiovascular diseases contributed the largest value of was 44.6 and 45.9%, respectively, to sex differences in e0 and G0 in 2020. The outcomes reveal a significant impact of excess deaths caused by the COVID-19 disease on mortality patterns. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has negative repercussions on e0 and G0 in the pandemic year 2020. It has severely affected the distribution of age at death in India, resulting in widening the sex differences in e0 and G0. The COVID-19 disease demonstrates its potential to cancel the gains of six to eight years in e0 and five years in G0 and has slowed the mortality transition in India.

Automated tape layup (ATL) largely employs post manufacturing manual visual inspection techniques for defect detection, which severely affects the productivity. Inline monitoring and defect prediction can help in making the process faster and more reliable. The presented work details the use of thermography as an inspection tool for thermoplastic tape material. A new online monitoring system is developed containing Infrared camera integrated on a purpose build ATL test rig. The capability of the tool to identify various defects is analyzed. Moreover, detailed temperature and cooling behavior analysis is done for defect prediction.

Background: Obesity and hypertension are two highly prevalent health conditions and important risk factors for several health adversities. Adequate intake of certain vitamins has been reported to play a protective role in obesity and hypertension. Since dietary pattern, among other factors, delineates the status of vitamin intake in a population, it is pertinent to validate the relationship between vitamin intake, obesity, and hypertension in populations with unique dietary patterns. This study aimed to explore the interrelationship between intake of selected vitamins, obesity, and hypertension among adults of a lacto-vegetarian population. Methods: A total of 488 participants, aged 30–70 years of either sex, were recruited from Palwal, Haryana, India. Data on socio-demographic variables and dietary intake was collected using a pretested interview schedule & food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) respectively. Body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) were determined using standard techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: While inadequacy in vitamin B9 intake was found to be positively associated with hypertension, inadequate vitamin C intake was found to be positively associated with both overweight/obesity and hypertension. In stratified analyses for BMI and BP categories, adequate intake of vitamin B9 and C was found to be protective against hypertension only among non-overweight/obese individuals; however, regardless of BP status, adequate vitamin C intake was inversely associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Adequate intake of vitamin C can help in reducing the burden of obesity in general and hypertension among non-obese individuals. Further, adequate intake of vitamin B9 may be protective against hypertension.

Abstract Background Delays in receiving follow-up colonoscopy after an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) result are associated with increased colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Little is known about patterns of follow-up colonoscopy completion in federally qualified health centers. Methods We abstracted the medical records of health center patients, aged 50–75 years, who had an abnormal FIT result between August 5, 2017 and August 4, 2018 (N = 711). We assessed one-year rates of colonoscopy referral, pre-procedure visit completion, colonoscopy completion, and time to colonoscopy; associations between these outcomes and patient characteristics; and reasons for non-completion found in the medical record. Results Of the 711 patients with an abnormal FIT result, 90% were referred to colonoscopy, but only 52% completed a pre-procedure visit, and 43% completed a colonoscopy within 1 year. Median time to colonoscopy was 83 days (interquartile range: 52–131 days). Pre-procedure visit and colonoscopy completion rates were relatively low in patients aged 65–75 (vs. 50–64), who were uninsured (vs. insured) or had no clinic visit in the prior year (vs. ≥ 1 clinic visit). Common reasons listed for non-completion were that the patient declined, or the provider could not reach the patient. Discussion Efforts to improve follow-up colonoscopy rates in health centers might focus on supporting the care transition from primary to specialty gastroenterology care and emphasize care for older uninsured patients and those having no recent clinic visits. Our findings can inform efforts to improve follow-up colonoscopy uptake, reduce time to colonoscopy receipt, and save lives from colorectal cancer. Trial registration: National Clinical Trial (NCT) Identifier: NCT03925883.

Introduction: Rapid sequence induction requires quick and single attempt intubation to secure airway without any untoward complications. As the number of attempts increase, risk of desaturation and aspiration increase which is potentially life threatening. In such circumstances, miscalculation may cost loss of time which may prove fatal. Various adjuncts and techniques have been devised to prevent such calamities. Aim: To compare ease of intubation with angulated stylet versus distally preloaded bougie for rapid sequence intubation in elective general anaesthesia procedures. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted in 100 patients belonging to 18-60 years of age from November 2019 to October 2020. Patients were intubated using rapid sequence including cricoid pressure by either styletted endotracheal tube (group S) or distally preloaded bougie (group B), for surgeries performed under general anaesthesia. The primary outcome was to determine mean Time to Intubation (TTI) and number of attempts, while secondary outcomes were haemodynamic responses to intubation and complications. Data comparison between independent groups in this normally distributed data was done using student -t test while intragroup analysis was done using chi-square test. Results: A total of 100 patients were randomised into two groups- group S (mean age: 41.12 years) and group B (mean age: 37.34 years), of 50 patients each. Number of intubation attempts with stylet were single in 82%, two in 18% cases while with preloaded bougie, it was 80% and 14%, respectively (p-value=0.196). Time to intubation was 22.16 seconds (group S) versus 33.78 seconds (group B) (p-value

Background Bifurcation lesions account for 20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions and represent a complex subset which are associated with lower procedural success and higher rates of restenosis. The ideal bifurcation technique, however, remains elusive. Methods and Results Extensive search of the literature was performed to pull data from randomized clinical trials that met predetermined inclusion criteria. Conventional meta‐analysis produced pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of 2‐stent technique versus provisional stent on prespecified outcomes. Both frequentist and Bayesian network meta‐analyses were performed to compare bifurcation techniques. A total of 8318 patients were included from 29 randomized clinical trials. Conventional meta‐analysis showed no significant differences in all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization between 2‐stent techniques and provisional stenting. Frequentist network meta‐analysis revealed that double kissing crush was associated with lower cardiac death (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38–0.84), major adverse cardiac events (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39–0.64), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39–0.90), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28–0.88), target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization when compared with provisional stenting. Double kissing crush was also superior to other 2‐stent techniques, including T‐stent or T and protrusion, dedicated bifurcation stent, and culotte. Conclusions Double kissing crush was associated with lower risk of cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization compared with provisional stenting and was superior to other 2‐stent techniques. Superiority of 2‐stent strategy over provisional stenting was observed in subgroup meta‐analysis stratified to side branch lesion length ≥10 mm.

Context: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed minimal access surgeries nationwide, safely done as a day care procedure. Anesthetic techniques facilitating early recovery and home discharge have become the need of the hour. Aims: To compare early, intermediate, late recovery characteristics and time to home readiness following use of sevoflurane or desflurane as maintenance anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Indian subpopulation. In addition, postoperative complications such as coughing and shivering and total antiemetic and analgesic requirements postoperatively were also noted. Settings and Design: This was a prospective randomized study, and randomization was done by computerized random number table into two groups (30 patients in each group). Group S received sevoflurane and Group D received desflurane as maintenance agent. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients of age group 18–60 years belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I and II undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited. A standard anesthesia induction was done and airway was secured with a ProSeal laryngeal mask airway of appropriate size. The patients subsequently received either sevoflurane 1%–2% or desflurane 3%–6% with 60% N2 O in O2 as per group assigned. Inhalational agent was discontinued at the time of endoscope removal. Early, intermediate, and late recovery parameters were noted. Statistical Analysis: The tests of significance used were parametric test (unpaired t-test) and ANOVA. The outcome measures were compared statistically using unpaired t-test and ANOVA, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Early recovery parameters were achieved faster in patients receiving desflurane as compared to sevoflurane with no difference in time to achieve intermediate recovery and home readiness. Conclusion: Despite a faster early recovery with desflurane, no additional benefit in terms of home discharge and patient satisfaction was found, thus making use of either of the agents suitable for laparoscopic cholecystectomy on a day care basis.

Aligned with the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), we present the complete methodology of preparing bio-based polymer filaments to be used in additive manufacturing, specifically by means of so-called Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) in 3D printing. Filament production and 3D printing were both developed and optimised in this work. First, we focused on the steps of producing and optimising the extrusion process of unreinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composite filaments. Second, we studied the resulting material properties by discussing the selection of a specimen geometry and the international standards adequate for FFF 3D printing. Moreover, we investigated the process parameters in order to achieve reliable structures. Based on the reinforcement material (stereocomplex fibres (Sc-PLA fibre) and bi-component fibres (bi-co PLA fibre), base-matrices were selected for producing un-reinforced filaments. In this way, we present the complete preparation approach by identifying problems and pitfalls for fostering studies of bio-based polymer filaments.

The aim of the study was to find out the stature from bigonial diameter of Uttar Pradesh population and to compare our study with similar previous studies. Methods: This study was held on 300 medical students, including both males and females age between 18 and 25 years in the Anatomy Department, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. Anthropometric rod was used to measure stature and digital vernier caliper was used to measure bigonial diameter. Results: There is a moderate degree of positive correlation between stature and bigonial diameter. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.350 and P value calculated was

The freshwater turtles of the iconic Ganga river system are one such group of vulnerable turtles. Despite common knowledge of the severity of turtle trade in the region, Gangetic turtles continue being poached in large volume, evident from the numerous and extensive seizures across the Gangetic belt. The intensive wildlife trade in Gangetic turtles warrants immediate conservation and management attention. The genetic resource is a vital forensic tool to monitor the Gangetic turtle species to understand the pattern of illegal wildlife trade. We collected 64 softshell and hardshell turtles samples from the Ganga river and report species-specific variations among turtle species based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) and nuclear Cmos gene (602 bp). This genetic information will help augment the molecular database to identify Gangetic turtle species and lineages effectively. We identified unique species-specific variable sites, haplotypes, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships. The unique mitochondrial and nuclear signatures exhibited in this study will add to baseline information on the genetic relationship of turtles of river Ganga. It will be helpful in wildlife forensics characterization of the endangered turtles. It will also help in formulating in-situ and ex-situ conservation and management plan to improve the rescue and rehabilitation strategies.

Abstract An article published in this journal analyses the deficiencies in the data of interventional drug trials registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India. We wish to rebut some of the inferences and highlight the pitfalls of a purely automated analysis of registry data as posited by the authors.

The work reported in this article raises some serious concern about the drinking water quality and its standards. Mere presence or absence of an indicator organism does not assure that the water is safe for drinking purposes. Instead of infecting directly, many pathogens pass through a host and retrieve their virulent properties by causing diseases/infections in humans. Pathogenic bacteria which exist in aquatic habitats show a unique and peculiar pattern of appearing or reappearing in different microenvironments. Several factors that prevail in the water system make a safe house for the growth, proliferation, and colonization of microorganisms. In our case, 6 different microenvironments inside the premises of an office building were taken as the sampling sites to study the effect of seasonal variations (summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon/winter) on bacterial diversity and inhabitants. Results suggested that the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms were highest in the monsoon followed by summer and post-monsoon/winter seasons. To know the bacterial diversity and pattern of appearance/reappearance prevailing in the water system, bacterial strains were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing which showed Pseudomonas putida to be the predominant identified bacterial strain occurring about 38% to 77% in all 3 seasons. This was followed by Lelliottia nimipressuralis (6%-21%), Escherichia coli (4%-18%), Salmonella typhimurium and Aeromonas dhakensis (4%-10% each), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%-6%). Despite the absence of other opportunistic bacteria, P putida was reported to be present as a single organism in water coolers and dispensers. This might be due to the persistent nature of P putida in low-nutrient environments and capable of colonizing by forming a rigid biofilm inside the water cooler/dispenser which makes a conducive environment for it.

A polyethylene (PE) liner is the basic element in high-pressure type 4 composite vessels designed for hydrogen or compressed natural gas (CNG) storage systems. Liner defects may result in the elimination of the whole vessel from use, which is very expensive, both at the manufacturing and exploitation stage. The goal is, therefore, the development of efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to test a liner immediately after its manufacturing, before applying a composite reinforcement. It should be noted that the current regulations, codes and standards (RC&S) do not specify liner testing methods after manufacturing. It was considered especially important to find a way of locating and assessing the size of air bubbles and inclusions, and the field of deformations in liner walls. It was also expected that these methods would be easily applicable to mass-produced liners. The paper proposes the use of three optical methods, namely, visual inspection, digital image correlation (DIC), and optical fiber sensing based on Bragg gratings (FBG). Deformation measurements are validated with finite element analysis (FEA). The tested object was a prototype of a hydrogen liner for high-pressure storage (700 bar). The mentioned optical methods were used to identify defects and measure deformations.

Technology becomes an integrated part of today’s life and it has significant changed cultural norms of behavior of individual. Most popular application of the technology is the smartphone and it has impacted the students’ behavior. The main objective of this research is to examine the predictors of Smartphone usages among Management Students. Following an exploratory approach, a systematic review of the relevant studies has been done to provide an integrated view of the fragmented literature. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the response of 225 students from the population. Descriptive statistical technique was used for data analysis. Factor analysis has performed to check the outcome variables for investigation through SPSS 20.0. The result shows that there are three main predictors of smartphone usages among management students - sharing & collaboration, Learning, and Creativity & innovation.

Iatrogenic aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula is a very rare complication of coronary artery bypass grafting in which one of the arterial grafts inadvertently forms a fistulous tract with a cardiac vein, shunting blood from the anastomosed coronary artery. We report a patient with an iatrogenic left internal mammary artery graft to cardiac vein fistula presenting with recurrent angina three years after a three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting.

Congenital absence of the left circumflex artery is a rare coronary anomaly with few reported cases in the literature. These patients are usually diagnosed incidentally when they undergo coronary angiography or coronary CT to rule out underlying coronary artery disease. In this article, we report a case of a 46-year-old man who was incidentally found to have a congenitally absent left circumflex artery with a superdominant right coronary artery after a workup was initiated for frequent premature ventricular contractions and regional wall motion on echocardiogram. A review of the clinical presentation, symptoms, and diagnostic modalities used to diagnose this entity is presented.

Endodontic therapy has a high survival rate, but in cases of post-treatment pathosis, retreatment may be required. This case report presents a similar case of endodontic failure which resulted in a coexistent periradicular-periodontal lesion. The case was managed by nonsurgical endodontic retreatment followed by photodynamic therapy in the periodontal region. Satisfactory results were obtained when the case was followed up clinically and radiographically for 18 months.

Aim: To compare the diagnostic values of radiovisiograph (RVG) and computed tomography (CT) images in comparison with direct surgical measurements for the determination of periodontal bone loss. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one vertical defects were included for direct measurements during surgery with a periodontal probe. RVG and CT images were taken prior to the surgery. Similar measurements were done on their images and compared with the direct surgical values. Results: Mean difference (in mm) of RVG and CT scan in vertical defects, and intrabony component was 0.814, 0.474 and 0.073, 0.066 respectively. Intra class correlation of CT scan (0.997 and 0.990) was highest with the smallest length of 95% confidence interval. CT scan furthermore depicted maximum agreement with the surgical value. CT scan overestimated in the maximum percentage of sites in vertical defects. CT scan outscored over RVG in evaluation of the osseous defects. Conclusions: CT scan demonstrated more precise and clinically useful images of the osseous defects closer to the gold standard.

Root resorption is a common squeal of traumatic injury to the dentition. Its progression can be minimized by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This case report presents the diagnosis and management of a case of trauma induced trio of apical root resorption, intraradicular root resorption and infrabony defect in maxillary central incisor. The main aim in treating such cases of resorption is to limit the inflammatory response at the periapical region so as to halt the resorptive process. To allow faster regeneration of the periodontal tissues, Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a second generation platelet concentrate was used as an apical matrix over which MTA plug was given. The periodontal defect was managed with the help of localized antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).