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Capital flight is a serious concern and threat to any country's economy, regardless of its level of development, because it represents a squandered investment that lays the way for future problems. The capital flight occurred in Palestine as a result of economic mismanagement, which was worsened by bad policy decisions that robbed the government of much-needed financial resources. This research investigates the consequences of capital flight on Palestinian economic growth. To obtain these results, they used yearly time series data from (1981 to 2021). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL model is used to investigate the research variables and data gathered from various sources. The findings reveal that factors such as real GDP in Palestine, capital flight, foreign reserves, foreign debt, and domestic investment are all connected in the long and short term. Moreover, the outcomes of various transactions show that capital flight has a negative and significant impact. In contrast, foreign currency reserves, public debt, and direct investment positively influence long-term economic growth. To curb the growing flood of capital flight, the government must implement realistic economic reform programs. These economic improvements must concentrate on these three areas to achieve strong macroeconomic stability, openness and accountability in public finance management and a supportive environment for local production.

This study examined the impact of financial technology FinTech on economic growth in Palestine, moreover, the study used annual time series data from the Palestinian Ministry of National Economy (MoNE), the Palestinian Ministry of Finance and Planning (MoFP), as well as the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) and the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA), in addition to investigating the current study of the impact of FinTech on Palestinian economic development for the period (2008 to 2021). In addition, the co-integration was evaluated using a distributed autoregressive approach, and a vector error correction model was used to consider long- and short-term causation. However, the data shows that FinTech products (number of people using the Internet, number of broadband subscriptions, number of mobile cellular subscriptions, number of automated transfer machines, number of branches) contribute to the growth in financial inclusion, which in turn fuels the growth economy in Palestine. Moreover, these results indicate that the (PMA) in Palestine is focusing more on expanding access to financial services. Moreover, this study aims to explore opinions and attitudes regarding the emergence of financial technology in Palestine's future financial services industry. The study’s objectives were also achieved by speaking to a group of managers in the banking and financial services industries, who were administrative employees from departments with technical, software and information technology departments, in addition to departments specialized in technological fields electronic payment services. The study analysis was performed based on the objectivity of the data collected. The approach used in this study was used to produce and rank data-related results for these traits and patterns. According to the findings of the study, it is critical that existing banking and financial institutions, academic institutions, technology companies and business incubators work together to build a supportive environment for the Fintech system in Palestine. According to the ADFGLS co-integration test results, all variables are stable at the initial difference. The results of the ARDL technique show that the co-integration of the variables occurs and that the null hypothesis is rejected. The VECM results show that fintech products have a long-term and short-term causal relationship with both economic growth and financial development. Thus, the results indicate that financial technology in Palestine has many obstacles: rules and regulations, cybersecurity, customer distrust of digital services, etc. All of this is believed to have a direct and beneficial impact on the Palestinian economy.

Researchers and policymakers have long been interested in education for sustainable development (ESD). Despite a sizable body of research, more thorough empirical investigations are needed to comprehend how sustainable development goals are applied in higher education and how (ESD) could be used to influence sustainable behaviour. The two main drivers behind this sort of study are the lack of studies examining economic and business higher education and the requirement to accurately measure the relationship between (ESD) principles and students' behaviour. In light of this justification, the current study seeks to offer an overview of how students’ perceptions of sustainable campus efforts, teaching staff engagement, and curriculum influence their sustainable behaviour. The statistical and econometric analysis performed on survey data of students from Birzeit University (BZU) (N = 1062) reveals insights into the degree to which students’ knowledge of topics relating to sustainable development is obtained via education results in sustainable behaviour. According to the findings, we contend that a greater emphasis on sustainable development subjects along with efforts by teaching staff to increase student understanding of sustainability concerns are essential to promoting sustainable behaviour in students. On-campus activities are unlikely to alter behaviour unless they are elective rather than mandated. Our findings confirm the essential need for consistency in developing higher education to sustainability challenges, as education is one of the key drivers of sustainable development.

This paper explored and examined the impact of the (COVID-19) pandemic for the following period from March 2020 to February 2022 on selected macroeconomic indicators and variables in Palestine, as well as its economic impact and structural factors that exacerbate the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic issue, are examined in this paper. This study uses data from the Palestine Monetary Authority (PMA) and the World Bank to assess the link between the exchange rate, crude oil price, inflation, and economic growth in Palestine using Johansen-Juselius multivariate cointegration techniques. The findings show that a combination of falling oil prices, high inflation, exchange rate, and spillovers from the (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak triggered the economic downturn in Palestine, which not only reduced demand for oil products but also halted economic activity when social distancing policies were implemented. The government responded to the situation by assisting companies and a limited number of homes afflicted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As a result, the report recommends that the government invest inadequate digital infrastructure to ease the shift from face-to-face business operations to "digital or online" business activities, which can assist the digital economy to expand.

This research looked at the overall impact of the global financial crisis on the Palestinian economy from 2005 to 2021, focusing on two periods: the first from the start of the global crisis in the fall of 2008 to December of that year, and the second from December of that year to the end of that year 2011. The findings of this study show that Palestine's strong reliance on the prices of foodstuffs, oil, olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and food items as a whole has resulted in a rise in the prices of oil and gas, commodities, and foodstuffs as a result of the worldwide crisis. We also discovered that the banking and tourist industries were unaffected by the downturn. The information is given in a series of tables with statistical analysis to back it up. This research backs up this theory with solid empirical data. In terms of Palestinian economic growth, it should be highlighted that for the past two decades, the Palestinian National Authority has relied on foreign donations and grants to fund its expenditures. This revenue source has recently dwindled, resulting in the suspension of public worker salary payments as well as a reduction in overall government spending. Large and persistent trade deficits, on the other hand, continue to push the government and the private sector into unsustainable debt. Because there is no national currency in Palestine, both the governmental and commercial sectors rely on foreign reserves. Although the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and the Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) have so far avoided a systemic currency crisis, existing deficit financing patterns are unlikely to last permanently, since domestic foreign reserves are fast diminishing and arrears mount. The amount of debt owed is increasing at an alarming rate. This leaves the administration with two alternatives for funding the deficit: either selling debt instruments on the capital markets or using the Palestinian Monetary Authority to introduce Palestinian currency to cover expenditures. Capital market financing without monetary authority, according to the study, leads to large interest rate volatility and financial instability. Given terms of monetary finance, in the existing institutional and economic framework, there are no criteria for creating a national currency.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact and current link between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on financial development in Palestine, as well as the role of financial development in influencing this relationship. Design/Methodology/Approach: The logical reasoning approach associated with quantitative research was applied in this study, which was backed up by experience and positivism as philosophical viewpoints. Data on economic growth indicators, foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, and other control variables were also used, spanning the years (1998 to 2019). To determine whether there is an effect and a relationship between economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and financial development in Palestine, Johansen's co-integration analysis method will be used. Results: Johansen's co-integration discovered that economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and financial development have a favourable influence and a Long-Term association. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between stock market financial development indices and foreign direct investment (FDI). Practical Implications: This study adds to the literature by evaluating whether foreign direct investment (FDI) drives growth through financial development networks and other factors that can drive growth in addition to foreign direct investment (FDI). A well-developed financial market, according to research, will boost the impact of indirect foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth. By offering enough liquidity services that increase links between local and global investors, a well-developed stock market will promote capital accumulation activities and output growth. Originality/Value: This study is unique in that it examines the impact and relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Palestine on financial development, which must be considered in all developing countries' Long-Term development plans. Simultaneously, this study is a step ahead in examining the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Palestine, as well as their primary function in financial development.

This study examined the impact of Capital Flight on Economic Growth and Financial Stability in Palestine from the period (2000-2020). The time series data of Capital Flight, Foreign Exchange Reserves, Foreign Debt, and Real GDP used in the study, and the use of ordinary least squares estimation technology to analyze the research data. Carried out Johansen co-integration and error correction mechanism. The evidence of the research results shows that there is a co-integration relationship between the research variables, and Capital Flight has harmed the Economic Growth of the Palestinian case. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government should provide a favorable investment environment to encourage investment and prevent Capital Flight from Palestine. In addition, the Palestinian Government should also prevent Capital Flight because these Infrastructure Projects/Programs will reduce the country’s production costs. The government should create a suitable investment environment for foreign investment and encourage entrepreneurs and equity owners to invest these funds domestically. In addition, the government should use all Foreign Aid funds in appropriate places to increase the Economic Growth Rate and create job opportunities for the unemployed, thereby increasing the National Economic Growth Rate.

The study aimed to measure the impact of investment in human capital on economic growth in a group of Arab countries during the period (2001 to 2021) using static panel models. We used a set of independent variables to express the investment variable in human capital for Arab countries represented in the enrollment ratio in the primary stage, secondary school enrollment ratio, higher education enrollment ratio, life expectancy rate, and education expenditure. Also, we used per capita GDP as a variable representing economic growth. The study found a set of results, the most important of which is the absence of the impact of the enrollment rate in primary and secondary education on the per capita share of GDP. The study also found the presence of a significant and negative impact of the enrollment rate in higher education on the per capita share of GDP and in addition to a positive morale effect on spending on employment and education, life expectancy on per capita GDP.

This paper/chapter empirically examines the reaction of international financial markets and financial capital flows across many developing and emerging market economies, with a particular focus on the dynamics of capital flows across emerging market economies. Using daily data from (2000 to 2020) and controlling for a range of local and global macroeconomic and financial factors and global financial crisis, we use a fixed-effects panel approach quantitative and descriptive approach combined to show that emerging markets have been affected more than advanced economies. In particular, emerging economies in Asia and Europe have experienced the strongest impact on stocks, bonds and exchange rates in recent times, as well as sudden and large capital inflows. Our findings suggest that very large fiscal stimulus packages, as well as quantitative easing by central banks, helped restore overall investor confidence by lowering bond yields and boosting stock prices. Our findings also highlight the role that global factors and developments in the world’s leading financial centers play in financial conditions in emerging markets and developing countries. More importantly, the impact of quantitative easing measures related to the global financial crisis by central banks in developed countries.

This study examines the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine by considering time series data of the last twenty years from (2000-2019). Foreign Aid's Impact on the Palestinian Economy explored with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable against few selected independent variables such as Foreign Aid, Remittance, Investment, Labour Force and Lagged (GDP). This study used the Partial Adjustment Model to analyze the Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Palestine and also applied the (Chow Test) to examine whether there was a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy. The results indicate that Foreign Aid has a positive relationship with (GDP). However, the relationship is not significant since the higher volume of Foreign Aid used in Humanitarian and Social Welfare rather than Production Activities in the real sectors. (Chow Test) shows that the relationship between Foreign Aid (GDP) has not witnessed a Structural Breakthrough in the Palestinian Economy over the past twenty years. In light of these empirical results, we suggest that Government Policy-Makers and Decision-Makers allocate this Foreign Aid to Productive Sectors and Human Capital formation (HC) activities with a special focus on capital expenditures to achieve a high rate of the country's Economic Growth and Development and to meet the periodic plan and Long-Term Development goals.

Aims: The study examined the Optimal Level of the Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports, Economic Growth in Palestine. Annual data from the (2000-2018) to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), cross-border borrowing from the World Bank (Components Of Financial Capital Inflows) Financial Sector Development (FSD) real GDP (RGDP) and Manufacturing Exports (MEX) were no different from other Production Sources, Palestinian Monetary Authority (PMA) and Ministry of National Economy (MONE), Ministry of Finance and Planning (MOFP), Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Statistical Bulletin while data on Gross Capital Formation (GCF) and Human Capital (HC) was the source of the World Bank also curvature. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Survey Research (Qualitative & Quantitative). Place and Duration of the Study: Various Governmental Organizations in Palestine, between the periods (2000-2018). Methodology: Quantitative and Qualitative specification model, the equations used to examine the Optimal Level, impact and the relationship of Financial Capital Inflows and Manufacturing Exports on Palestinian Economic Growth, Threshold Regression Analysis was used to detect and verify the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows by analyzing the data that have been collected from the Electronic Sources which available on the official websites of Governmental Organizations for the period (2000-2018). The methodology of the study revealed the relationship of the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows with Manufacturing Exports on Economic Growth in Palestine. Data collection process and data analysis techniques employed to achieve the current study objective. Results: The study found that the optimization results showed that the Financial Capital Inflows of (CINF) Threshold value (21.77%) with a coefficient of (7.74) per year is the Optimal Level of Financial Capital Inflows in Palestine the Threshold Point Manufacturing Exports to any Financial Capital Inflows (CINF) of the Threshold value of Manufacturing Exports in Palestine. The study concludes that the Optimal Level for Financial Capital Inflows to Economic Growth is (21.77%); any Threshold Level above the sustainable level of Economic Growth will be adversely affected in Palestine. Conclusion: Findings of the study found that the Flow of Financial Capital Threshold exists for the Manufacture of Exports, and therefore recommends that excessive Financial Capital Inflows should be avoided in the country so that it does not make the conduct of Monetary Policy difficult, while the need of Financial Capital Inflows must be monitored well and directed to sectors (such as Industry, Agriculture, Mining and Quarrying) that have the absorptive capacity for them.

The study aims to investigate and examine the impact of International Capital Flows and other Financial Flows on Economic Growth in Palestine during the period (2007-2018). This study also included trends and methods of forming Capital Flows and Financial Capital Flows. The study used the appropriate descriptive and analytical approach by the authors for the purposes and requirements of the research to investigate the real results and required. The researchers used the time intervals method, and the study concluded that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), Large Loans (World Bank), Worker Remittances (WR), Foreign Affairs Borrowing and Financial Grants (GR) have a noticeable positive impact on Economic Growth in Palestine. The study made several important and useful recommendations, the most notably: That Palestinian Government must lay down and establish lighter and comfortable rules and regulations for investors to attract more investors and Foreign Investments to Palestine. Besides, the Palestinian Government must work hard side by side with the other Developed Countries for reaching better Economic Development and increasing a good rate. To achieve a good rate of Economic Growth, the government must work hard to create job opportunities for citizens to reduce the high Unemployment rate in the country. The Government should improve the standard of living and competitiveness in global markets and obtain a sufficient share in the International Financial Markets, so the Government must work to provide new opportunities for Global Markets Integration by creating a good environment to increase Economic Growth and Technology Development.

In the present study was to verify the relationship between capital flight and illicit financial flows, exhibiting the impact of stable economic growth in Palestine during the period (2009-2018). We also use models of the balance of payments of the State, the study results showed that the total illicit financial flows, about $14.42 million annually, 16.4% of GDP. In addition, through the application of the net omissions and style error in the balance of payments and expenditures, the total capital flight estimated at $26.61 million, 19.6% of GDP. The Granger causality test shows that economic growth granger causes both the illicit financial flows and the capital flight. The study also found that there is a negative and significant relationship between economic growth and capital flight. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between illicit financial flows and capital flight. We have examined theory (Granger) causality, which shows that economic growth causes all of the illegal financial flows and capital flight. The study showed also negative correlation and significant between economic growth and capital flight. Besides, it can be this relationship is negative between illicit financial flows and capital flight. This relationship can be detailed in this research. It seems this experimental investigation is also a strong relationship and engagement between capital flight and financial flows from the standpoint of their impact on economic growth in Palestine. It can be summarized in the study that the process of capital flows and capital flight represent an important role in raising the rate of economic recovery in the country and that the flow of capital within the state is one of the most important factors for national economic growth.

Object: The stability of the financial market is one of the most important components of the inflow of capital into the country and ensuring economic growth. Cognitive modeling of stability of the Russian financial market is carried out.Purposes: Drawing up a cognitive map of the Russian financial market, impulse modeling of changes in its segments in order to find the main factors of stability of the national financial market.Methodology: Cognitive research methods: cognitive analysis and cognitive modeling.Result of research: The stability of the financial market is formed due to the cumulative effect of all its segments. However, the Russian financial market is most sensitive to changes in the money market, foreign exchange market, corporate and government borrowing market. Despite the sanction’s restrictions, the domestic market remains dependent on international financial markets.Application: The results are applicable in the formation of financial and monetary policy of the country.Summary: Achieving stability in the financial market requires constant attention from the regulator for liquidity in the market, stability and predictability of the national currency. The priority direction of development of the state financial policy in the near future should be the establishment of relations with leading players in the world financial markets and international financial institutions.