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We calculated the kinetic energies of the H-atom in ice Ih between 5 and 269 K and in water in the range 293–673 K. To do so we used the literature optical vibration frequencies of ice and water of the different phases assuming the harmonic approximation and decoupling between the degrees of freedom of translation, rotation (libration), and internal vibrations. Apart for ice at 269 K, good agreement was obtained with published experimental values for both cases. Similar agreement with experiment was found for the case of water confined in 14 Å diameter carbon nanotubes at 268 K. However, serious deviations from measured values were found in nanotube water in the range 5–230 K. Possible reasons for those deviations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical examination of recent elastic electron scattering reports on H-containing samples is carried out. We show that all results are consistent with the conclusion that no anomaly exists in the measured e-H scattering intensities as compared to e-scattering from other light atoms such as D or C. The scattering results are, in fact, in agreement with the classical Rutherford formula and there is no need to invoke short-lived quantum entanglement of the protons to explain the existing data. The neutron-proton scattering intensities on H-containing samples were also examined and found to agree with standard cross sections. Also no theoretical evidence was found supporting the existence of the reported anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent quasielastic electron scattering experiments on some molecular gases at Ee≥1.8 keV have shown that the scattering is from single isotopes of the atomic components of the gas. The scattered electron lines at definite angles are Doppler broadened by the instantaneous kinetic energy (KE) of the scattering atoms. We calculated the KE of the scattering atoms by accounting for translation, rotation, and all normal modes of vibrations of the molecule. The results reveal some large and fundamental differences from literature estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venetoclax is a BCL2 inhibitor used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) which can cause tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). We aimed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for TLS among patients with CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) who received treatment with venetoclax at our institution from 1/1/2016 to 12/31/2020. We included 616 venetoclax escalations among 136 pts with CLL. 74 pts (54%) underwent escalation exclusively outpatient, 35 (26%) had at least one planned hospitalization and 27 (20%) were escalated exclusively inpatient. During venetoclax initiation, 86% of pts received allopurinol, 71% intravenous hydration, 18% phosphate binders, and 10% prophylactic rasburicase. Among the entire cohort, 7 pts (5.1%) developed laboratory TLS by modified Cairo Bishop criteria and none developed clinical TLS. Incidence of laboratory TLS was 15% for those escalated exclusively inpatient, 2.9% for those with any prophylactic hospitalization and 2.7% for those escalated exclusively outpatient. Those who developed TLS were more likely to have higher TLS risk, and no additional risk factors were identified. In this single institution retrospective cohort study, laboratory TLS was observed, though clinical TLS was not. Prophylactic measures, including use of IV hydration, may have contributed to low rates of observed TLS in the outpatient setting., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Hematology.)

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a debilitating side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapy. Exercise activates neuromuscular function and may improve CIPN. We examined the association between exercise and CIPN symptoms in breast cancer survivors., Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we included patients completing a survey assessing exercise exposure and neuropathy symptoms in a tertiary cancer center survivorship clinic. We evaluated exercise duration and intensity using a standardized questionnaire quantified in metabolic equivalent tasks (MET-h/wk). We defined exercisers as patients meeting the National Physical Activity Guidelines' criteria. We used multivariable logistic regressions to examine the relationship between exercise and CIPN and if this differed as a function of chemotherapy regimen adjusting for age, gender, and race., Results: We identified 5444 breast cancer survivors post-chemotherapy (median age 62 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 55, 71); median 4.7 years post-chemotherapy (IQR: 3.3, 7.6)) from 2017 to 2022. CIPN overall prevalence was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33%, 36%), 33% for non-taxane, and 37% for taxane-based chemotherapy. CIPN prevalence was 28% (95% CI: 26%, 30%) among exercisers and 38% (95% CI: 37%, 40%) among non-exercisers (difference 11%; 95% CI: 8%, 13%; p < 0.001). Compared to patients with low (<6 MET-h/wk) levels of exercise (42%), 11% fewer patients with moderate (6-20.24 MET-h/wk) to high (>20.25 MET-h/wk) levels of exercise reported CIPN. Exercise was associated with reduced prevalence of all CIPN symptoms regardless of chemotherapy type., Conclusion: CIPN may persist several years following chemotherapy among patients with breast cancer but is significantly reduced by exercise in a dose-dependent manner., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Abstract: Although significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), the pathogenesis of secondary HLH, the more prevalent form, remains unclear. Among the various conditions giving rise to secondary HLH, HLH in patients with lymphoma (HLH-L) accounts for a substantial proportion. In this study, we investigated the role of somatic mutations in the pathogenesis of HLH-L in a cohort of patients with T- and/or natural killer-cell lymphoma. We identified a 3-time higher frequency of mutations in FAS pathway in patients with HLH-L. Patients harboring these mutations had a 5-time increased HLH-L risk. These mutations were independently associated with inferior outcome. Hence, our study demonstrates the association between somatic mutations in FAS pathway and HLH-L. Further studies are warranted on the mechanistic role of these mutations in HLH-L., (© 2024 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

B-cell-maturation-antigen (BCMA)-directed therapies are highly active for multiple myeloma, but infections are emerging as a major challenge. In this retrospective, single-center analysis we evaluated infectious complications after BCMA-targeted chimeric-antigen-receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), bispecific-antibodies (BsAb) and antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC). The primary endpoint was severe (grade ≥3) infection incidence. Amongst 256 patients, 92 received CAR-T, 55 BsAb and 109 ADC. The incidence of severe infections was higher with BsAb (40%) than CAR-T (26%) or ADC (8%), including grade 5 infections (7% vs 0% vs 0%, respectively). Comparing T-cell redirecting therapies, the incidence rate of severe infections was significantly lower with CAR-T compared to BsAb at 1-year (incidence-rate-ratio [IRR] = 0.43, 95%CI 0.25-0.76, P = 0.004). During periods of treatment-emergent hypogammaglobulinemia, BsAb recipients had higher infection rates (IRR:2.27, 1.31-3.98, P = 0.004) and time to severe infection (HR 2.04, 1.05-3.96, P = 0.036) than their CAR-T counterparts. During periods of non-neutropenia, CAR-T recipients had a lower risk (HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.21-0.93, P = 0.032) and incidence rate (IRR:0.32, 95% 0.17-0.59, P < 0.001) of severe infections than BsAb. In conclusion, we observed an overall higher and more persistent risk of severe infections with BsAb. Our results also suggest a higher infection risk during periods of hypogammaglobulinemia with BsAb, and with neutropenia in CAR-T recipients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)