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Lepisoroid ferns (tribe Lepisoreae, Polypodiaceae) are arguably one of the most confusing fern groups in Polypodiaceae in terms of delimitation of genera largely because of their simple morphology. Previous molecular studies either had very small taxon sampling of the non-Lepisorus genera and did not well resolve the relationships among these genera, or had a relatively large sampling at species level but the critical species were missing or their relationships were not well resolved. A recent study resolved the newly sampled Lepisorus jakonensis as sister to the remaining genera in Lepisoreae excluding Paragramma, and the authors lumped all the six well recognized genera into Lepisorus. In the present study, to infer a phylogeny we used DNA sequences of five plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rbcL-atpB, rps4rps4-trnS, trnLtrnL-F) of 172 accessions representing ca. 44 species of non-Lepisorus genera and 54 accessions representing ca. 50 species of Lepisorus as ingroup, and 10 non-Lepisoreae accessions from the most closely related four genera (Leptochilus, Microsorum, Phymatosorus, and Goniophlebium) in Microsoroideae and one genus (Pyrrosia) in Platycerioideae. Our major results include: (1) All seven currently defined genera except Lepisorus in Lepisoreae are confirmed to be monophyletic; (2) The Lepisorus jakonensis clade is confirmed to be the second earliest diverged lineage in Lepisoreae; (3) Neolepisorus is resolved as sister to the rest in a clade containing all non-Lepisorus genera except Paragramma; (4) Lemmaphyllum is sister to a clade containing Lepidomicrosorium, Neocheiropteris, and Tricholepidium; and (5) Ellipinema gen. nov. is segregated from Lepisorus based on the phylogeny and morphology in order to stabilize the current usage of the existing six non-Lepisorus genera and species names in these genera. A key to all eight genera of Lepisoreae is provided.

The fern genus Lepisorus represents one of the most complicated and controversial lineages in Polypodiaceae, with about 80 species which have been classified into several separate genera, and is notorious for its taxonomic difficulty. Despite progress in recent phylogenetic studies of the family Polypodiaceae involving Lepisorus and its allies, the deep phylogenetic relationship within this group of ferns is still unresolved, and no formal infrageneric classification has been proposed. This contribution presents the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus, with 72% species sampled, using a total-evidence approach based on eight plastid markers and ≤25 morphological characters for each species. The analyses resolve the backbone relationship and yield the most robust phylogenetic framework to date. Congruent with previous studies but with new findings, the results herein show that Lepisorus is monophyletic when Neolepisorus, Lemmaphyllum, Tricholepidium, Neocheiropteris and Lepidomicrosorium are included, as well as Lepisorus jakonensis and Paragramma. Furthermore, 17 well-resolved clades are found in the phylogenetic topology, which can be characterized by morphological synapomorphies from traits of rhizome scales, laminae, sori and paraphyses. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, a new infrageneric classification system of Lepisorus is proposed which subdivided Lepisorus into 17 sections.

Phylogenetic relationships within the palaeotropical tribe Lepisoroideae (Polypodiaceae) were investigated by studying sequence variation of four plastid DNA regions: rbcL, rps4 plus rps4-trnS IGS, trnL intron plus trnL-F IGS, rbcL-atpB IGS plus part of atpB. In total, over 4000 nucleotides were sequenced for 39 species. Seven well-supported clades were found in the analyses of the combined data set. We provide a new classification of Lepisoroideae by integrating phylogenetic results and known variation of morphological characters. The two small genera Neocheiropteris and Tricholepidium are supported as monophyletic, the genus Paragramma is resurrected and the genera Lepisorus, Neolepisorus, Lemmaphyllum and Lepidomicrosorium are re-circumscribed. We proposed 14 new combinations, among which Caobangia is treated as a synonym of Lemmaphyllum. A key for identifying the recognized genera is presented. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162, 28‐38.

48.23. Neocheiropteris Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52 (M��m. 1): 21 (1905). Substitute name for Cheiropteris Christ (1898), non Cheiropteris Kurr ex Bronn (1858). T.: Neocheiropteris palmatopedata (Baker) Christ (Polypodium palmatopedatum Baker), Published as part of Christenhusz, Maarten J. M., Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald, 2011, A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns, pp. 7-54 in Phytotaxa 19 on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4893995

Multivariate analyses based on morphological and anatomical characters have been performed to investigate the phenetic relationship and to clarify the circumscriptions of the genus Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching and its related genera, namely Neocheiropteris Christ, Paragramma T. Moore and Platygyria Ching & S.K. Wu. The dendrogram of cluster analysis separated the plants into three groups at Gower similarity coefficient 0.75. Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of Neocheiropteris palmatopedata (Baker) H. Christ and four species of Platygyria , respectively. Group 3 was Neocheiropteris ensata Ching and two species of Paragramma deeply embedded in the Lepisorus s.s. Canonical discriminant analysis supported the classification inferred from the clustering results. Based on these results, Platygyria and N. palmatopedata should be recognized as distinct genera. On the other hand, N. ensata and the genus Paragramma should be merged to the genus Lepisorus . Keywords: Lepisorus ; Paragramma ; Platygyria ; Cluster analysis; Canonical discriminant analysis. DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v16i2.3924 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2): 99-113, 2009 (December)

The purpose of this initial paper is to state and discuss the chief taxonomic conclusion that has resulted from a general survey of the classification of the homosporous leptosporangiate ferns, namely, that the Polypodiaceae sensu stricto and the Grammitidaceae are related to the indusiate ferns rather than to what is here termed the gleichenioid group of families. The latter group is similar in having sori that are abaxial and (usually) exindusiate but differs in other significant and apparently primitive characters. This treatment runs counter to several classifications published in the past decade, in which a gleichenioid-polypodioid group is recognized. The wider results of the survey, including a new classification, will be published in later papers in this series but, since this is the only radical change proposed and it can readily be isolated for the purpose of discussion, publication of the arguments supporting this decision in advance of the main taxonomic review is both practicable and desirable. For ease of comparison with the survey that is to follow, characters are discussed in the order to be adopted there. The relationships of the Grammitidaceae will be discussed after those of the Polypodiaceae have been considered. The concept of a group within the leptosporangiate ferns possessing sori that are consistently abaxial and exindusiate (except for peltate indusia in the Matoniaceae) derives from Bower's recognition of a dipteroid group within the 'Polypodiaceae' sensu lato (traditionally defined by the vertical annulus usually interrupted by the sporangial stalk), which he suggested was linked with the Gleicheniaceae, Matoniaceae and Dipteridaceae (Bower, 1928). He discussed as morphological types within this dipteroid group Cheiropleuria and the following genera of the Polypodiaceae sensu stricto: Platycerium, Christiopteris, Neocheiropteris, Belvisia (as Hymenolepis), Pleopeltis sensu lato (including Microsorium, etc.) and Polypodium sensu lato. Of these genera Cheiropleuria and Platycerium have fronds in which the main veins and lamina are dichotomous (as in Dipteris), Christiopteris has tripartite fronds and Neocheiropteris has fronds that are pedately divided in the single species discussed by Bower (as in Matonia), but simple in others (Ching, 1933). On looking at the Polypodiaceae as a whole, it becomes evident that Bower selected scattered genera or species with atypical fronds, now referred to several different subfamilies, in order to create a hypothetical series based on frond form that would link the more primitive families here assigned to the