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1. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, Zwart, JA, Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, and Zwart, JA

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

2. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), and Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.)

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

3. Body size has primacy over stoichiometric variables in nutrient excretion by a tropical stream fish community.

Author

Oliveira-Cunha P, McIntyre PB, Neres-Lima V, Caliman A, Moreira-Ferreira B, and Zandonà E

Subjects
Animals, Body Size, Fishes metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Nutrients, Phosphorus metabolism, Ecosystem, Rivers
Abstract

Ecological Stoichiometry (ES) and the Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) are the main theories used to explain consumers' nutrient recycling. ES posits that imbalances between an animal's body and its diet stoichiometry determine its nutrient excretion rates, whereas the MTE predicts that excretion reflects metabolic activity arising from body size and temperature. We measured nitrogen, phosphorus and N:P excretion, body N:P stoichiometry, body size, and temperature for 12 fish species from a Brazilian stream. We fitted competing models reflecting different combinations of ES (body N:P, armor classification, diet group) and MTE (body size, temperature) variables. Only body size predicted P excretion rates, while N excretion was predicted by body size and time of day. N:P excretion was not explained by any variable. There was no interspecific difference in size-scaling coefficients neither for N nor for P. Fitted size scaling coefficients were lower than the MTE prediction of 0.75 for N (0.58), and for P (0.56). We conclude that differences in nutrient excretion among species within a shared environment primarily reflect contrasts in metabolic rates arising from body size, rather than disparities between consumer and resource stoichiometry. Our findings support the MTE as the primary framework for predicting nutrient excretion rates., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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4. Forest cover controls the nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes of rivers.

Author

Machado-Silva F, Neres-Lima V, Oliveira AF, and Moulton TP

Subjects
Animals, Carbon, Carbon Isotopes, Ecosystem, Forests, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Nitrogen, Rivers
Abstract

Deforestation affects the ecological integrity of rivers and streams, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. However, few studies have strictly analyzed the effect of the functional responses of tropical streams to changes in forest cover since deforested basins are usually also influenced by confounding anthropogenic inputs. Here we address tropical streams and test whether the stable isotopic ratios of nitrogen (N, δ 15 N) and carbon (C, δ 13 C) and the ratio of C:N of ecosystem components vary along a forest cover gradient. We also assess the ecological integrity of streams by in situ measurements using physical features commonly used in stream quality assessments. The results showed that the δ 15 N of most aquatic components, δ 13 C of particulate matter and omnivorous fish, and C:N of particulate matter and algae vary significantly with forest cover, indicating the role of terrestrial vegetation in regulating stream biogeochemistry. The dual stable isotope analysis satisfactorily indicated the changes in terrestrial-aquatic connections regarding both N and C cycles, thus showing the role of algae and particulate matter in influencing stream fauna through food web transfers. Our results support the use of stable isotopes to monitor watershed deforestation and highlight the need for reassessment of the effects of anthropogenic inputs on δ 15 N increase in globally distributed inland waters since the loss of forest is a significant cause in itself., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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5. Living with an enemy: Invasive sun-coral (Tubastraea spp.) competing against sponges Desmapsamma anchorata in southeastern Brazil.

Author

Guilherme da Silva A, Carlos-Júnior LA, Sasada Sato CY, Lages BG, Neres-Lima V, Sá de Oliveira FM, Maia LF, Cappa de Oliveira LF, and Fleury BG

Subjects
Animals, Brazil, Ecosystem, Introduced Species, Anthozoa
Abstract

The azooxanthellate corals Tubastraea coccinea and T. tagusensis invaded the Brazilian coast in the 1980s and is still in expansion, favored by lower predation and competition pressure in their new habitats. Interestingly, the native sponge Desmapsamma anchorata has been observed overgrowing these corals. Considering that competitive displacement is expected to play a major role in the successful outcome of an invasion, the present study tested the physical and chemical mechanisms possibly involved in the competition between D. anchorata and the Tubastraea corals through field and aquaria experiments as well as the Raman spectroscopy technique for chemical analysis. Our results showed that the sponge grew in all directions including over Tubastraea colonies and regardless of its presence. There was no evidence of a specific chemical response among sponges or corals. However, we observed the extrusion of mesenteric filaments and tentacles of corals and the projection of sponge tissue during interspecific interaction, which suggests that physical imposition plays a key role for space competition at micro scales. Given the interspersed nature of benthic species distributions and the fast expansion of Tubastraea, it is unlikely that D. anchorata or any other sponges could serve a biological control against these invasive corals at larger scales, but our results showed that at a microscale they can withstand the corals presence and even outgrow them locally., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2022
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6. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones.

Author

Tiegs SD, Costello DM, Isken MW, Woodward G, McIntyre PB, Gessner MO, Chauvet E, Griffiths NA, Flecker AS, Acuña V, Albariño R, Allen DC, Alonso C, Andino P, Arango C, Aroviita J, Barbosa MVM, Barmuta LA, Baxter CV, Bell TDC, Bellinger B, Boyero L, Brown LE, Bruder A, Bruesewitz DA, Burdon FJ, Callisto M, Canhoto C, Capps KA, Castillo MM, Clapcott J, Colas F, Colón-Gaud C, Cornut J, Crespo-Pérez V, Cross WF, Culp JM, Danger M, Dangles O, de Eyto E, Derry AM, Villanueva VD, Douglas MM, Elosegi A, Encalada AC, Entrekin S, Espinosa R, Ethaiya D, Ferreira V, Ferriol C, Flanagan KM, Fleituch T, Follstad Shah JJ, Frainer Barbosa A, Friberg N, Frost PC, Garcia EA, García Lago L, García Soto PE, Ghate S, Giling DP, Gilmer A, Gonçalves JF Jr, Gonzales RK, Graça MAS, Grace M, Grossart HP, Guérold F, Gulis V, Hepp LU, Higgins S, Hishi T, Huddart J, Hudson J, Imberger S, Iñiguez-Armijos C, Iwata T, Janetski DJ, Jennings E, Kirkwood AE, Koning AA, Kosten S, Kuehn KA, Laudon H, Leavitt PR, Lemes da Silva AL, Leroux SJ, LeRoy CJ, Lisi PJ, MacKenzie R, Marcarelli AM, Masese FO, McKie BG, Oliveira Medeiros A, Meissner K, Miliša M, Mishra S, Miyake Y, Moerke A, Mombrikotb S, Mooney R, Moulton T, Muotka T, Negishi JN, Neres-Lima V, Nieminen ML, Nimptsch J, Ondruch J, Paavola R, Pardo I, Patrick CJ, Peeters ETHM, Pozo J, Pringle C, Prussian A, Quenta E, Quesada A, Reid B, Richardson JS, Rigosi A, Rincón J, Rîşnoveanu G, Robinson CT, Rodríguez-Gallego L, Royer TV, Rusak JA, Santamans AC, Selmeczy GB, Simiyu G, Skuja A, Smykla J, Sridhar KR, Sponseller R, Stoler A, Swan CM, Szlag D, Teixeira-de Mello F, Tonkin JD, Uusheimo S, Veach AM, Vilbaste S, Vought LBM, Wang CP, Webster JR, Wilson PB, Woelfl S, Xenopoulos MA, Yates AG, Yoshimura C, Yule CM, Zhang YX, and Zwart JA

Subjects
Human Activities, Humans, Carbon Cycle physiology, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring methods, Rivers microbiology, Temperature
Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019
Full Text
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