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471 results on '"Nestor, Paul G."'

2. Neuropsychology of social cognition: culture, display rules, and emotional expressivity.

Author

Nestor, Paul G. and Woodhull, Ashley-Ann

Subjects
*SOCIAL perception, *FAMILY relations, *FACIAL expression, *SELF-expression, *CULTURAL prejudices, *SADNESS, *FACIAL expression & emotions (Psychology)
Abstract

Introduction: We investigated the roles of group ethnicity and display rules of emotions in the neuropsychology of social cognition in Asian American and White participants recruited from a majority-minority college campus. Method: 128 participants (mean age = 24.9 years) completed: 1) Advanced Clinical Solutions-Social Perception (ACS-SP), which includes separate measures of affect naming of facial expressions and emotional prosody interpretation of audio statements; 2) Display Rule Assessment Inventory (DRAI), a self-report measure of emotional expressivity across four settings (family, close friends, colleagues, and strangers) and in two distinct domains (should/actual) that asks participants what they believe people should do (social value) and what they would actually do (behavioral self-report). Results: ACS-SP revealed evidence of cultural bias, as reflected by group ethnicity differences, for recognition of emotional prosody but not emotional facial expressions for Asian American versus White participants. The DRAI showed significant cultural differences only for family relationships with White participants endorsing stronger belief in the social value of expressing negative emotions of sadness, aversion, and fear. These AC-SP and DRAI group differences remained significant when covarying for spoken English language, as measured by an oral word reading test. Hierarchical regression results indicated that group ethnicity and family display rules each made specific and significant contributions to neuropsychological performance but did so in very different and distinct ways. Group ethnicity exerted its greatest effect on prosody interpretation whereas family display rules had its most pronounced influence on affect naming. Conclusions: The current results may help inform and advance culturally responsive neuropsychological models of social cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. The Genetics of Endophenotypes of Neurofunction to Understand Schizophrenia (GENUS) consortium: A collaborative cognitive and neuroimaging genetics project

Author

Blokland, Gabriëlla A.M., del Re, Elisabetta C., Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I., Jovicich, Jorge, Trampush, Joey W., Keshavan, Matcheri S., DeLisi, Lynn E., Walters, James T.R., Turner, Jessica A., Malhotra, Anil K., Lencz, Todd, Shenton, Martha E., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Rujescu, Dan, Giegling, Ina, Kahn, René S., Roffman, Joshua L., Holt, Daphne J., Ehrlich, Stefan, Kikinis, Zora, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Di Forti, Marta, Lee, Jimmy, Sim, Kang, Lam, Max, Wolthusen, Rick P.F., de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., Walton, Esther, Cosgrove, Donna, Kelly, Sinead, Maleki, Nasim, Osiecki, Lisa, Picchioni, Marco M., Bramon, Elvira, Russo, Manuela, David, Anthony S., Mondelli, Valeria, Reinders, Antje A.T.S., Falcone, M. Aurora, Hartmann, Annette M., Konte, Bettina, Morris, Derek W., Gill, Michael, Corvin, Aiden P., Cahn, Wiepke, Ho, New Fei, Liu, Jian Jun, Keefe, Richard S.E., Gollub, Randy L., Manoach, Dara S., Calhoun, Vince D., Schulz, S. Charles, Sponheim, Scott R., Goff, Donald C., Buka, Stephen L., Cherkerzian, Sara, Thermenos, Heidi W., Kubicki, Marek, Nestor, Paul G., Dickie, Erin W., Vassos, Evangelos, Ciufolini, Simone, Reis Marques, Tiago, Crossley, Nicolas A., Purcell, Shaun M., Smoller, Jordan W., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Toulopoulou, Timothea, Donohoe, Gary, Goldstein, Jill M., Seidman, Larry J., McCarley, Robert W., and Petryshen, Tracey L.

Published
2018
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12. Spectral decomposition of resting state electroencephalogram reveals unique theta/alpha activity in schizophrenia.

Author

Nakhnikian, Alexander, Oribe, Naoya, Hirano, Shogo, Fujishima, Yuki, Hirano, Yoji, Nestor, Paul G., Francis, Grace A., Levin, Margaret, and Spencer, Kevin M.

Subjects
THETA rhythm, ALPHA rhythm, MAGNETIC induction tomography, BRAIN tomography, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, PRINCIPAL components analysis
Abstract

Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in schizophrenia (SZ) is frequently characterised by increased power at slow frequencies and/or a reduction of peak alpha frequency. Here we investigated the nature of these effects. As most studies to date have been limited by reliance on a priori frequency bands which impose an assumed structure on the data, we performed a data‐driven analysis of resting EEG recorded in SZ patients and healthy controls (HC). The sample consisted of 39 chronic SZ and 36 matched HC. The EEG was recorded with a dense electrode array. Power spectral densities were decomposed via Varimax‐rotated principal component analysis (PCA) over all participants and for each group separately. Spectral PCA was repeated at the cortical level on cortical current source density computed from standardised low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. There was a trend for power in the theta/alpha range to be increased in SZ compared to HC, and peak alpha frequency was significantly reduced in SZ. PCA revealed that this frequency shift was because of the presence of a spectral component in the theta/alpha range (6–9 Hz) that was unique to SZ. The source distribution of the SZ > HC theta/alpha effect involved mainly prefrontal and parahippocampal areas. Abnormal low frequency resting EEG activity in SZ was accounted for by a unique theta/alpha oscillation. Other reports have described a similar phenomenon suggesting that the neural circuits oscillating in this range are relevant to SZ pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Towards a Heuristic Neuropsychological Model of Adjudicative Competency.

Author

Aveson, Olivia, Nestor, Paul G., and Klein, Kristy

Abstract

This study sought to delineate the neuropsychological processes that undergird the psycho-legal concept of competency to stand trial (CST). Accordingly, we retrospectively examined the relationship between clinical judgments of competence or incompetence of defendants committed to a maximum-security psychiatric facility and neuropsychological measures of cognitive and social intelligence and declarative memory. Results indicated that both groups (competent and incompetent) showed similar levels of depressed cognitive intelligence with Wechsler full-scale IQ levels falling in the upper end of the borderline range. Compared with defendants clinically judged as incompetent, defendants recommended as competent scored significantly higher on measures of social intelligence and episodic memory, with the most pronounced advantage occurring on tests of verbal memory that place heavy demands on encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of aurally presented narrative material. Cognitive capacities in areas of social intelligence and episodic memory may play critical roles in developing a heuristic neuropsychological model of CST. The evaluation of these domains offers implications for the assessment, restoration, and understanding of CST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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46. Spatial frequency discrimination in schizophrenia

Author

O'Donnell, Brian F., Nestor, Paul G., Potts, Geoffrey F., Stylianopoulos, Kiriaki C., Shenton, Martha E., and McCarley, Robert W.

Subjects
Psychology, Pathological -- Research, Schizophrenia -- Research, Space perception -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Pathways within the visual system can be distinguished on the basis of selectivity for low or high spatial frequencies. Spatial frequency discrimination was evaluated in 17 medicated male patients with schizophrenia and 19 male control subjects. Subjects were required to discriminate whether pairs of high contrast, sinusoidally modulated gratings were the same or different in spatial frequency. Accuracy performance was compared at high, medium, and low spatial frequencies on tasks matched for control performance. Patients showed a greater performance decrement of 12% on low as compared with 4% on high spatial frequencies. These findings suggest a disturbance of right hemisphere mechanisms involved in spatial perception and attention in schizophrenia.

Published
2002

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