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Density, surface tension, and viscosity of various liquid electrical steels are measured at different temperatures, varying in their silicon content between 3 and 6 mass%. Density and surface tension are determined using the maximum bubble pressure method, while viscosity is investigated comparatively using a vibrating finger viscometer and an oscillating crucible viscometer. The results are compared with models known from the literature. Based on this, the density of the steel [ρ] = kg m−3 and the surface tension [σ] = N m−1 can be described as a function of temperature [θ] = °C and silicon content [Si] = mass% using the equations: ρ(θ,Si)=−1.28×θ−104.18×Si+9081.8, σ(θ,Si)=10−4×[ −0.00903×θ2−1.21494×Si2+29.268×θ−1.987×Si−22334 ]. There is a lack of experimental data in the literature for high‐temperature thermophysical properties for electrical steels. This underlines once again the novelty and significance of this study, as the determined thermophysical properties are essential for a wide range of applications. For instance, they are crucial in the production of metallic powders for additive manufacturing by atomization to adjust the properties of the powders precisely. The findings are also important for steelmaking itself, as the corrosion behavior of refractory material can be better determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the thermophysical properties of low‐sulfur manganese–boron steel with varying boron and sulfur contents at different temperatures are investigated. Density and surface tension are measured between 1550 and 1650 °C using the maximum bubble pressure method, while viscosity is examined between 1530 and 1570 °C using an improved oscillating crucible viscometer. The methods yield results with low error, consistent with existing literature. The density of the base steel decreases from 7057 ± 25 kg m−3 at 1550 °C to 6843 ± 85 kg m−3 at 1650 °C. The addition of boron (up to 57 ppm) and sulfur (up to 130 ppm) does not significantly change the density. Sulfur, increasing from 39 to 130 ppm, reduces the surface tension from 1416 ± 12 to 1302 ± 9 mN m−1 at 1650 °C. Boron's effect on surface tension varies, possibly influenced by other elements like oxygen. Viscosity ranges from 5.74 to 6.44 mPa s, with boron and sulfur additions causing minimal changes, the largest deviation being 8%. In these results, valuable data for the simulation, modeling, control, and optimization of liquid steel processing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of V2O5 on the phosphorus partition between liquid crude steel and heterogenous basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag with CaO/SiO2 = 4.2 was investigated at a temperature of 1600 °C in a middle frequency induction furnace. Thereby the phosphorus transfer from "steel to slag" as well as from "slag to steel" was studied over a holding time of 60 minutes. The measured results were shown as phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity and compared with the experimental values from the literature. It was found that V2O5 in highly basic BOF slags decreases phosphorus partition and phosphorus capacity. In addition, the resulting slags were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]