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4. Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests.

Author

Barczyk, Maciej K., Acosta‐Rojas, Diana Carolina, Iván Espinosa, Carlos, Homeier, Jürgen, Tinoco, Boris A., Velescu, Andre, Wilcke, Wolfgang, Schleuning, Matthias, and Neuschulz, Eike Lena

Subjects
PLANT life cycles, COMPOSITION of leaves, MOUNTAIN forests, TROPICAL forests, LEAF area
Abstract

The composition of plant functional traits varies in response to environmental conditions due to processes of community assembly and species sorting. However, there is a lack of understanding of how plant trait composition responds to environmental conditions at different spatial scales and across the plant life cycle. We investigated the trait composition of leaves (specific leaf area), seeds (seed mass) and seedlings (initial seedling height) across elevations and within elevations in relation to soil and light conditions in a tropical montane forest in southern Ecuador. We surveyed traits and communities of adult trees, seeds and seedlings on nine plots at three elevations (1000–3000 m a.s.l.) and calculated community‐weighted mean trait values to analyse trait variation across and within elevations. In addition, we measured two environmental factors (soil C/N ratio and canopy openness) to quantify local‐scale variation in environmental conditions within elevations. We found that community‐weighted means of specific leaf area, seed mass and initial seedling height decreased consistently with increasing elevation. Within elevations, mean trait values of trees, seeds and seedlings responded differently to local‐scale environmental conditions. Specific leaf area decreased with increasing soil C/N ratio, and initial seedling height decreased with increasing canopy openness. Seed mass was associated neither with soil nor with light conditions. Our findings show that broad‐scale and local‐scale processes differently shape the composition of leaf, seed and seedling traits in tropical forests, indicating a scale‐dependence in trait–environment associations. Furthermore, plant traits corresponding to different life stages were related differently to environmental conditions within elevations. Community assembly processes may therefore lead to differences in species sorting at early and late plant life stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

Author

Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, Correia, Marta, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Ruben, Jordano, Pedro, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Roman A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Sanz D’Angelo, Virginia, Schleuning, Matthias, da Silva, Luís Pascoal, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Tylianakis, Jason M.

Published
2022
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11. Birds optimize fruit size consumed near their geographic range limits.

Author

Martins, Lucas P., Stouffer, Daniel B., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Costa, José Miguel, Dehling, D. Matthias, Donatti, Camila I., Emer, Carine, Galetti, Mauro, Heleno, Ruben, Menezes, Ícaro, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, Quitián, Marta, Ruggera, Roman A., Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, and Schleuning, Matthias

Published
2024
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13. Reassembly of a tropical rainforest ecosystem: A new chronosequence in the Ecuadorian Chocó tested with the recovery of tree attributes

Author

Escobar, Sebastián, primary, Newell, Felicity L., additional, Endara, María-José, additional, Guevara-Andino, Juan E., additional, Landim, Anna R., additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Nußer, Ronja, additional, Müller, Jörg, additional, Pedersen, Karen M., additional, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, Tremlett, Constance J., additional, Villa-Galaviz, Edith, additional, Schaefer, H. Martin, additional, Donoso, David A, additional, and Blüthgen, Nico, additional

Published
2024
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16. Biodiversity and ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and resources rather than the geodiversity of a tropical biodiversity hotspot

Author

Wallis, Christine I. B., Tiede, Yvonne C., Beck, Erwin, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandl, Roland, Donoso, David A., Espinosa, Carlos I., Fries, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Inclan, Diego, Leuschner, Christoph, Maraun, Mark, Mikolajewski, Katrin, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Scheu, Stefan, Schleuning, Matthias, Suárez, Juan P., Tinoco, Boris A., Farwig, Nina, and Bendix, Jörg

Published
2021
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20. Metatranscriptomics reveals contrasting effects of elevation on the activity of bacteria and bacterial viruses in soil.

Author

Merges, Dominik, Schmidt, Alexandra, Schmitt, Imke, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Dal Grande, Francesco, and Bálint, Miklós

Subjects
CONTRAST effect, BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles, PREDATION, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, BIOTIC communities, BACTERIOPHAGES
Abstract

Soil microbial diversity affects ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycles. Soil bacterial communities catalyse a diversity of biogeochemical reactions and have thus sparked considerable scientific interest. One driver of bacterial community dynamics in natural ecosystems has so far been largely neglected: the predator–prey interactions between bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and bacteria. To generate ground level knowledge on environmental drivers of these particular predator–prey dynamics, we propose an activity‐based ecological framework to simultaneous capture community dynamics of bacteria and bacteriophages in soils. An ecological framework and specifically the analyses of community dynamics across latitudinal and elevational gradients have been widely used in ecology to understand community‐wide responses of innumerable taxa to environmental change, in particular to climate. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activity of bacteria and bacteriophages codeclines across an elevational gradient. We used metatranscriptomics to investigate bacterial and bacteriophage activity patterns at five sites across 400 elevational metres in the Swiss Alps in 2015 and 2017. We found that metabolic activity (transcription levels) of bacteria declined significantly with increasing elevation, but activity of bacteriophages did not. We showed that bacteriophages are consistently active in soil along the entire gradient, making bacteriophage activity patterns divergent from that of their putative bacterial prey. Future efforts will be necessary to link the environment‐activity relationship to predator–prey dynamics, and to understand the magnitude of viral contributions to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling when infection causes bacterial cell death, a process that may represent an overlooked component of soil biogeochemical cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Avian seed dispersal may be insufficient for plants to track future temperature change on tropical mountains [Dataset]

Author

Nowak, Larissa [0000-0002-1910-8041], Nowak, Larissa [larissanowak89@gmail.com], Nowak, Larissa, Schleuning, Matthias, Bender, Irene M. A., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Dehling, D. Matthias, Fritz, Susanne A., Kissling, W. Daniel, Mueller, Thomas, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pigot, Alex L., Sorensen, Marjorie C., Donoso, Isabel, Nowak, Larissa [0000-0002-1910-8041], Nowak, Larissa [larissanowak89@gmail.com], Nowak, Larissa, Schleuning, Matthias, Bender, Irene M. A., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Dehling, D. Matthias, Fritz, Susanne A., Kissling, W. Daniel, Mueller, Thomas, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pigot, Alex L., Sorensen, Marjorie C., and Donoso, Isabel

Abstract

[Aim] Climate change causes species’ range shifts globally. Terrestrial plant species often lag behind temperature shifts, and it is unclear to what extent animal-dispersed plants can track climate change. Here, we estimate the ability of bird-dispersed plant species to track future temperature change on a tropical mountain., [Location] Tropical elevational gradient (500–3500 m a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, Peru, [Time period] 1960–1990 to 2061–2080, [Taxa] Fleshy-fruited plants, avian frugivores., [Methods] Using simulations based on the functional traits of avian frugivores and fruiting plants, we quantified the number of long-distance dispersal (LDD) events that woody plant species would require to track projected temperature shifts on a tropical mountain by the year 2070 under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). We applied this approach to 343 bird-dispersed woody plant species., [Results] Our simulations reveal that bird-dispersed plants differ in their climate-tracking ability, with large-fruited and canopy plants exhibiting a higher climate-tracking ability. Our simulations also suggest that even under scenarios of strong and intermediate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 2.6 and 4.5), sufficient upslope dispersal would require several LDD events by 2070, which is unlikely for the majority of woody plant species. Furthermore, the ability of plant species to track future temperature changes increased in simulations with a low degree of trait matching between plants and birds, suggesting that plants in generalised seed-dispersal systems may be more resilient to climate change., [Main conclusion] Our study illustrates how plant and animal functional traits can inform predictive models of species dispersal and range shifts under climate change and suggests that the biodiversity of tropical mountain ecosystems is highly vulnerable to future warming. The increasing availability of functional trait data for plants and animals globally will allow parameterisation of similar models for many other seed-dispersal systems.

Published
2022

26. Scatter-hoarding birds disperse seeds to sites unfavorable for plant regeneration

Author

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, Sorensen, Marjorie C., Mueller, Thomas, Donoso, Isabel, Graf, Valentin, Merges, Dominik, Vanoni, Marco, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, Sorensen, Marjorie C., Mueller, Thomas, Donoso, Isabel, Graf, Valentin, Merges, Dominik, Vanoni, Marco, Fiedler, Wolfgang, and Neuschulz, Eike Lena

Abstract

Scatter-hoarding birds provide effective long-distance seed dispersal for plants. Transporting seeds far promotes population spread, colonization of new areas, and connectivity between populations. However, whether seeds transported over long distances are deposited in habitats favorable to plant regeneration has rarely been investigated, mainly due to methodological constraints. To investigate dispersal patterns and distances of Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) seeds we utilized advances in tracking technology to track the movements of their sole disperser, the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). We found routine individual movements between single seed harvesting and seed caching site. Harvesting sites of individual birds overlapped, whereas seed caching sites were separated and located on average 5.3 km away from the harvesting site. Interestingly, most distant caching sites were located at low elevations and in spruce forest, where Swiss stone pine does not naturally occur. This suggests that nutcrackers disperse seeds over long distances but that a large portion of these seeds are cached outside the known pine habitat. Therefore, we conclude that the implications of such long-distance seed dispersal movements for plant populations should be carefully considered in combination with the effects of habitat quality on plant recruitment.

Published
2022

27. AVONET:morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

Author

Tobias, Joseph A., Sheard, Catherine, Pigot, Alex L., Devenish, Adam J. M., Yang, Jingyi, Sayol, Ferran, Neate-Clegg, Montague H. C., Alioravainen, Nico, Weeks, Thomas L., Barber, Robert A., Walkden, Patrick A., MacGregor, Hannah E. A., Jones, Samuel E. I., Vincent, Claire, Phillips, Anna G., Marples, Nicola M., Montaño-Centellas, Flavia A., Leandro-Silva, Victor, Claramunt, Santiago, Darski, Bianca, Freeman, Benjamin G., Bregman, Tom P., Cooney, Christopher R., Hughes, Emma C., Capp, Elliot J. R., Varley, Zoë K., Friedman, Nicholas R., Korntheuer, Heiko, Corrales-Vargas, Andrea, Trisos, Christopher H., Weeks, Brian C., Hanz, Dagmar M., Töpfer, Till, Bravo, Gustavo A., Remeš, Vladimír, Nowak, Larissa, Carneiro, Lincoln S., Moncada R., Amilkar J., Matysioková, Beata, Baldassarre, Daniel T., Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, Wolfe, Jared D., Chapman, Philip M., Daly, Benjamin G., Sorensen, Marjorie C., Neu, Alexander, Ford, Michael A., Mayhew, Rebekah J., Fabio Silveira, Luis, Kelly, David J., Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D., Pollock, Henry S., Grabowska-Zhang, Ada M., McEntee, Jay P., Carlos T. Gonzalez, Juan, Meneses, Camila G., Muñoz, Marcia C., Powell, Luke L., Jamie, Gabriel A., Matthews, Thomas J., Johnson, Oscar, Brito, Guilherme R. R., Zyskowski, Kristof, Crates, Ross, Harvey, Michael G., Jurado Zevallos, Maura, Hosner, Peter A., Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom, Maley, James M., Stiles, F. Gary, Lima, Hevana S., Provost, Kaiya L., Chibesa, Moses, Mashao, Mmatjie, Howard, Jeffrey T., Mlamba, Edson, Chua, Marcus A. H., Li, Bicheng, Gómez, M. Isabel, García, Natalia C., Päckert, Martin, Fuchs, Jérôme, Ali, Jarome R., Derryberry, Elizabeth P., Carlson, Monica L., Urriza, Rolly C., Brzeski, Kristin E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Rayner, Matt J., Miller, Eliot T., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Lafontaine, René Marie, Scofield, R. Paul, Lou, Yingqiang, Somarathna, Lankani, Lepage, Denis, Illif, Marshall, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Templin, Mathias, Dehling, D. Matthias, Cooper, Jacob C., Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Analuddin, Kangkuso, Fjeldså, Jon, Seddon, Nathalie, Sweet, Paul R., DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Naka, Luciano N., Brawn, Jeffrey D., Aleixo, Alexandre, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Rahbek, Carsten, Fritz, Susanne A., Thomas, Gavin H., Schleuning, Matthias, Tobias, Joseph A., Sheard, Catherine, Pigot, Alex L., Devenish, Adam J. M., Yang, Jingyi, Sayol, Ferran, Neate-Clegg, Montague H. C., Alioravainen, Nico, Weeks, Thomas L., Barber, Robert A., Walkden, Patrick A., MacGregor, Hannah E. A., Jones, Samuel E. I., Vincent, Claire, Phillips, Anna G., Marples, Nicola M., Montaño-Centellas, Flavia A., Leandro-Silva, Victor, Claramunt, Santiago, Darski, Bianca, Freeman, Benjamin G., Bregman, Tom P., Cooney, Christopher R., Hughes, Emma C., Capp, Elliot J. R., Varley, Zoë K., Friedman, Nicholas R., Korntheuer, Heiko, Corrales-Vargas, Andrea, Trisos, Christopher H., Weeks, Brian C., Hanz, Dagmar M., Töpfer, Till, Bravo, Gustavo A., Remeš, Vladimír, Nowak, Larissa, Carneiro, Lincoln S., Moncada R., Amilkar J., Matysioková, Beata, Baldassarre, Daniel T., Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, Wolfe, Jared D., Chapman, Philip M., Daly, Benjamin G., Sorensen, Marjorie C., Neu, Alexander, Ford, Michael A., Mayhew, Rebekah J., Fabio Silveira, Luis, Kelly, David J., Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D., Pollock, Henry S., Grabowska-Zhang, Ada M., McEntee, Jay P., Carlos T. Gonzalez, Juan, Meneses, Camila G., Muñoz, Marcia C., Powell, Luke L., Jamie, Gabriel A., Matthews, Thomas J., Johnson, Oscar, Brito, Guilherme R. R., Zyskowski, Kristof, Crates, Ross, Harvey, Michael G., Jurado Zevallos, Maura, Hosner, Peter A., Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom, Maley, James M., Stiles, F. Gary, Lima, Hevana S., Provost, Kaiya L., Chibesa, Moses, Mashao, Mmatjie, Howard, Jeffrey T., Mlamba, Edson, Chua, Marcus A. H., Li, Bicheng, Gómez, M. Isabel, García, Natalia C., Päckert, Martin, Fuchs, Jérôme, Ali, Jarome R., Derryberry, Elizabeth P., Carlson, Monica L., Urriza, Rolly C., Brzeski, Kristin E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Rayner, Matt J., Miller, Eliot T., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Lafontaine, René Marie, Scofield, R. Paul, Lou, Yingqiang, Somarathna, Lankani, Lepage, Denis, Illif, Marshall, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Templin, Mathias, Dehling, D. Matthias, Cooper, Jacob C., Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Analuddin, Kangkuso, Fjeldså, Jon, Seddon, Nathalie, Sweet, Paul R., DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Naka, Luciano N., Brawn, Jeffrey D., Aleixo, Alexandre, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Rahbek, Carsten, Fritz, Susanne A., Thomas, Gavin H., and Schleuning, Matthias

Abstract

Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species-level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity.

Published
2022

28. Avian seed dispersal may be insufficient for plants to track future temperature change on tropical mountains

Author

German Academic Exchange Service, European Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Amsterdam, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, German Research Foundation, Leibniz Association, Nowak, Larissa, Schleuning, Matthias, Bender, Irene M. A., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Dehling, D. Matthias, Fritz, Susanne A., Kissling, W. Daniel, Mueller, Thomas, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pigot, Alex L., Sorensen, Marjorie C., Donoso, Isabel, German Academic Exchange Service, European Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation, University of Amsterdam, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, German Research Foundation, Leibniz Association, Nowak, Larissa, Schleuning, Matthias, Bender, Irene M. A., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Dehling, D. Matthias, Fritz, Susanne A., Kissling, W. Daniel, Mueller, Thomas, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Pigot, Alex L., Sorensen, Marjorie C., and Donoso, Isabel

Abstract

[Aim] Climate change causes shifts in species ranges globally. Terrestrial plant species often lag behind temperature shifts, and it is unclear to what extent animal-dispersed plants can track climate change. Here, we estimate the ability of bird-dispersed plant species to track future temperature change on a tropical mountain., [Location] Tropical elevational gradient (500–3500 m.a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, Peru. [Time period] From 1960–1990 to 2061–2080. [Taxa] Fleshy-fruited plants and avian frugivores. [Methods] Using simulations based on the functional traits of avian frugivores and fruiting plants, we quantified the number of long-distance dispersal (LDD) events that woody plant species would require to track projected temperature shifts on a tropical mountain by the year 2070 under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios [representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5]. We applied this approach to 343 bird-dispersed woody plant species. [Results] Our simulations revealed that bird-dispersed plants differed in their climate-tracking ability, with large-fruited and canopy plants exhibiting a higher climate-tracking ability. Our simulations also suggested that even under scenarios of strong and intermediate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 2.6 and 4.5), sufficient upslope dispersal would require several LDD events by 2070, which is unlikely for the majority of woody plant species. Furthermore, the ability of plant species to track future changes in temperature increased in simulations with a low degree of trait matching between plants and birds, suggesting that plants in generalized seed-dispersal systems might be more resilient to climate change. [Main conclusion] Our study illustrates how the functional traits of plants and animals can inform predictive models of species dispersal and range shifts under climate change and suggests that the biodiversity of tropical mountain ecosystems is highly vulnerable to future warming. The increasing availability of functional trait data for plants and animals globally will allow parameterization of similar models for many other seed-dispersal systems.

Published
2022

29. Additional file 1 of Scatter-hoarding birds disperse seeds to sites unfavorable for plant regeneration [Dataset]

Author

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Robert Bosch Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, German Research Foundation, Sorensen, Marjorie C., Mueller, Thomas, Donoso, Isabel, Graf, Valentin, Merges, Dominik, Vanoni, Marco, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Robert Bosch Foundation, Govern de les Illes Balears, German Research Foundation, Sorensen, Marjorie C., Mueller, Thomas, Donoso, Isabel, Graf, Valentin, Merges, Dominik, Vanoni, Marco, Fiedler, Wolfgang, and Neuschulz, Eike Lena

Published
2022

32. FLIEGENDES ORIENTIERUNGSTALENT UND KÖNIGIN DER BAUMGRENZE.

Author

Neuschulz, Eike Lena

Subjects
*NUTCRACKERS (Birds), *SWISS pine, *SEED dispersal, *CLIMATE change
Abstract

The article focuses on the interdependence between the Swiss National Park's Tannenhäher (Nutcracker) and the Arve tree. It is reported that tannenhähers play a crucial role in dispersing Arve seeds, as they harvest and hide them, contributing to the regeneration of Arve forests. It highlights ongoing research to understand the impact of climate change on this relationship and the implications for the conservation of Arve forests.

Published
2023

33. Cover Image: Volume 25 Number 3, March 2022

Author

Tobias, Joseph A., primary, Sheard, Catherine, additional, Pigot, Alex L., additional, Devenish, Adam J. M., additional, Yang, Jingyi, additional, Sayol, Ferran, additional, Neate‐Clegg, Montague H. C., additional, Alioravainen, Nico, additional, Weeks, Thomas L., additional, Barber, Robert A., additional, Walkden, Patrick A., additional, MacGregor, Hannah E. A., additional, Jones, Samuel E. I., additional, Vincent, Claire, additional, Phillips, Anna G., additional, Marples, Nicola M., additional, Montaño‐Centellas, Flavia A., additional, Leandro‐Silva, Victor, additional, Claramunt, Santiago, additional, Darski, Bianca, additional, Freeman, Benjamin G., additional, Bregman, Tom P., additional, Cooney, Christopher R., additional, Hughes, Emma C., additional, Capp, Elliot J. R., additional, Varley, Zoë K., additional, Friedman, Nicholas R., additional, Korntheuer, Heiko, additional, Corrales‐Vargas, Andrea, additional, Trisos, Christopher H., additional, Weeks, Brian C., additional, Hanz, Dagmar M., additional, Töpfer, Till, additional, Bravo, Gustavo A., additional, Remeš, Vladimír, additional, Nowak, Larissa, additional, Carneiro, Lincoln S., additional, Moncada R., Amilkar J., additional, Matysioková, Beata, additional, Baldassarre, Daniel T., additional, Martínez‐Salinas, Alejandra, additional, Wolfe, Jared D., additional, Chapman, Philip M., additional, Daly, Benjamin G., additional, Sorensen, Marjorie C., additional, Neu, Alexander, additional, Ford, Michael A., additional, Mayhew, Rebekah J., additional, Fabio Silveira, Luis, additional, Kelly, David J., additional, Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D., additional, Pollock, Henry S., additional, Grabowska‐Zhang, Ada M., additional, McEntee, Jay P., additional, Carlos T. Gonzalez, Juan, additional, Meneses, Camila G., additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Powell, Luke L., additional, Jamie, Gabriel A., additional, Matthews, Thomas J., additional, Johnson, Oscar, additional, Brito, Guilherme R. R., additional, Zyskowski, Kristof, additional, Crates, Ross, additional, Harvey, Michael G., additional, Jurado Zevallos, Maura, additional, Hosner, Peter A., additional, Bradfer‐Lawrence, Tom, additional, Maley, James M., additional, Stiles, F. Gary, additional, Lima, Hevana S., additional, Provost, Kaiya L., additional, Chibesa, Moses, additional, Mashao, Mmatjie, additional, Howard, Jeffrey T., additional, Mlamba, Edson, additional, Chua, Marcus A. H., additional, Li, Bicheng, additional, Gómez, M. Isabel, additional, García, Natalia C., additional, Päckert, Martin, additional, Fuchs, Jérôme, additional, Ali, Jarome R., additional, Derryberry, Elizabeth P., additional, Carlson, Monica L., additional, Urriza, Rolly C., additional, Brzeski, Kristin E., additional, Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., additional, Rayner, Matt J., additional, Miller, Eliot T., additional, Bowie, Rauri C. K., additional, Lafontaine, René‐Marie, additional, Scofield, R. Paul, additional, Lou, Yingqiang, additional, Somarathna, Lankani, additional, Lepage, Denis, additional, Illif, Marshall, additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Templin, Mathias, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Cooper, Jacob C., additional, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., additional, Analuddin, Kangkuso, additional, Fjeldså, Jon, additional, Seddon, Nathalie, additional, Sweet, Paul R., additional, DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., additional, Naka, Luciano N., additional, Brawn, Jeffrey D., additional, Aleixo, Alexandre, additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, Fritz, Susanne A., additional, Thomas, Gavin H., additional, and Schleuning, Matthias, additional

Published
2022
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34. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

Author

Tobias, Joseph A., primary, Sheard, Catherine, additional, Pigot, Alex L., additional, Devenish, Adam J. M., additional, Yang, Jingyi, additional, Sayol, Ferran, additional, Neate‐Clegg, Montague H. C., additional, Alioravainen, Nico, additional, Weeks, Thomas L., additional, Barber, Robert A., additional, Walkden, Patrick A., additional, MacGregor, Hannah E. A., additional, Jones, Samuel E. I., additional, Vincent, Claire, additional, Phillips, Anna G., additional, Marples, Nicola M., additional, Montaño‐Centellas, Flavia A., additional, Leandro‐Silva, Victor, additional, Claramunt, Santiago, additional, Darski, Bianca, additional, Freeman, Benjamin G., additional, Bregman, Tom P., additional, Cooney, Christopher R., additional, Hughes, Emma C., additional, Capp, Elliot J. R., additional, Varley, Zoë K., additional, Friedman, Nicholas R., additional, Korntheuer, Heiko, additional, Corrales‐Vargas, Andrea, additional, Trisos, Christopher H., additional, Weeks, Brian C., additional, Hanz, Dagmar M., additional, Töpfer, Till, additional, Bravo, Gustavo A., additional, Remeš, Vladimír, additional, Nowak, Larissa, additional, Carneiro, Lincoln S., additional, Moncada R., Amilkar J., additional, Matysioková, Beata, additional, Baldassarre, Daniel T., additional, Martínez‐Salinas, Alejandra, additional, Wolfe, Jared D., additional, Chapman, Philip M., additional, Daly, Benjamin G., additional, Sorensen, Marjorie C., additional, Neu, Alexander, additional, Ford, Michael A., additional, Mayhew, Rebekah J., additional, Fabio Silveira, Luis, additional, Kelly, David J., additional, Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D., additional, Pollock, Henry S., additional, Grabowska‐Zhang, Ada M., additional, McEntee, Jay P., additional, Carlos T. Gonzalez, Juan, additional, Meneses, Camila G., additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Powell, Luke L., additional, Jamie, Gabriel A., additional, Matthews, Thomas J., additional, Johnson, Oscar, additional, Brito, Guilherme R. R., additional, Zyskowski, Kristof, additional, Crates, Ross, additional, Harvey, Michael G., additional, Jurado Zevallos, Maura, additional, Hosner, Peter A., additional, Bradfer‐Lawrence, Tom, additional, Maley, James M., additional, Stiles, F. Gary, additional, Lima, Hevana S., additional, Provost, Kaiya L., additional, Chibesa, Moses, additional, Mashao, Mmatjie, additional, Howard, Jeffrey T., additional, Mlamba, Edson, additional, Chua, Marcus A. H., additional, Li, Bicheng, additional, Gómez, M. Isabel, additional, García, Natalia C., additional, Päckert, Martin, additional, Fuchs, Jérôme, additional, Ali, Jarome R., additional, Derryberry, Elizabeth P., additional, Carlson, Monica L., additional, Urriza, Rolly C., additional, Brzeski, Kristin E., additional, Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., additional, Rayner, Matt J., additional, Miller, Eliot T., additional, Bowie, Rauri C. K., additional, Lafontaine, René‐Marie, additional, Scofield, R. Paul, additional, Lou, Yingqiang, additional, Somarathna, Lankani, additional, Lepage, Denis, additional, Illif, Marshall, additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Templin, Mathias, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Cooper, Jacob C., additional, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., additional, Analuddin, Kangkuso, additional, Fjeldså, Jon, additional, Seddon, Nathalie, additional, Sweet, Paul R., additional, DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., additional, Naka, Luciano N., additional, Brawn, Jeffrey D., additional, Aleixo, Alexandre, additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Rahbek, Carsten, additional, Fritz, Susanne A., additional, Thomas, Gavin H., additional, and Schleuning, Matthias, additional

Published
2022
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35. Avian seed dispersal may be insufficient for plants to track future temperature change on tropical mountains

Author

Nowak, Larissa, primary, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, Bender, Irene M. A., additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Fritz, Susanne A., additional, Kissling, W. Daniel, additional, Mueller, Thomas, additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Pigot, Alex L., additional, Sorensen, Marjorie C., additional, and Donoso, Isabel, additional

Published
2022
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39. Global and regional ecological boundaries drive abrupt changes in avian frugivory interactions

Author

Martins, Lucas P., primary, Stouffer, Daniel B., additional, Blendinger, Pedro G., additional, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, additional, Buitrón-Jurado, Galo, additional, Correia, Marta, additional, Costa, José Miguel, additional, Dehling, D. Matthias, additional, Donatti, Camila I., additional, Emer, Carine, additional, Galetti, Mauro, additional, Heleno, Ruben, additional, Jordano, Pedro, additional, Menezes, Ícaro, additional, Morante-Filho, José Carlos, additional, Muñoz, Marcia C., additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Pizo, Marco Aurélio, additional, Quitián, Marta, additional, Ruggera, Roman A., additional, Saavedra, Francisco, additional, Santillán, Vinicio, additional, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, Pascoal da Silva, Luís, additional, Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, additional, Timóteo, Sérgio, additional, Traveset, Anna, additional, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., additional, and Tylianakis, Jason M., additional

Published
2021
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40. Guía de campo de plantas dispersadas por animales: frutos y semillas en el Parque Nacional Podocarpus y sus cercanías

Author

Acosta Rojas, Diana Carolina, Barczyk, Maciej, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Gusman, Johana, Peña, Jaime, Neuschulz, Eike-Lena, Schleuning, Matthias, and Homeier, Jürgen

Subjects
mutualistic interactions, tree seeds, fruit functional traits, fleshy-fruited species
Abstract

Plant communities in tropical mountains host a high diversity of species’ morphological traits. Many tropical plant species exhibit a wide range of colored fleshy fruits mainly dispersed by animals. Fruits display a variety of shapes including, for instance, capsules with arillate seeds, drupes with fibrous pulp, and juicy berries. These fruits can enclose just one or many tiny seeds which are dispersed by animals. In the tropical mountains of the southeast of Ecuador, seed size can vary from less than 1 mm (e.g., Miconia sp.) to large seeds with a size of almost 10 cm. Despite the high diversity of fleshy-fruited species and the relevance in plant regeneration, there is very little information that facilitates the identification of even the most common fruits and seeds in tropical mountains. The pronounced endemism in the Andes and the constant description of new plant species increase the necessity to foster local publications including these unique species. This project aims to produce an identification guide as a scientific tool to ease the taxonomic determination of seeds dispersed by animals and to speed up the identification process in the mountain forests of the southeast of Ecuador. This field guide will be a source of consultation for future research units at the San Francisco Scientific Station, and will also contribute to public outreach.

Published
2021
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41. Direct and plant‐mediated effects of climate on bird diversity in tropical mountains

Author

Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., Albrecht, Jörg, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Hemp, Andreas, Howell, Kim M., Kettering, Laura, Neu, Alexander, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Quitián, Marta, Santillán, Vinicio E., Töpfer, Till, Schleuning, Matthias, and Fritz, Susanne A.

Subjects
intercontinental comparison, Andes, fruiting plants, functional diversity, Mt. Kilimanjaro, resource effects, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Original Research
Abstract

Aim Although patterns of biodiversity across the globe are well studied, there is still a controversial debate about the underlying mechanisms and their generality across biogeographic scales. In particular, it is unclear to what extent diversity patterns along environmental gradients are directly driven by abiotic factors, such as climate, or indirectly mediated through biotic factors, such as resource effects on consumers. Location Andes, Southern Ecuador; Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Methods We studied the diversity of fleshy‐fruited plants and avian frugivores at the taxonomic level, that is, species richness and abundance, as well as at the level of functional traits, that is, functional richness and functional dispersion. We compared two important biodiversity hotspots in mountain systems of the Neotropics and Afrotropics. We used field data of plant and bird communities, including trait measurements of 367 plant and bird species. Using structural equation modeling, we disentangled direct and indirect effects of climate and the diversity of plant communities on the diversity of bird communities. Results We found significant bottom‐up effects of fruit diversity on frugivore diversity at the taxonomic level. In contrast, climate was more important for patterns of functional diversity, with plant communities being mostly related to precipitation, and bird communities being most strongly related to temperature. Main conclusions Our results illustrate the general importance of bottom‐up mechanisms for the taxonomic diversity of consumers, suggesting the importance of active resource tracking. Our results also suggest that it might be difficult to identify signals of ecological fitting between functional plant and animal traits across biogeographic regions, since different species groups may respond to different climatic drivers. This decoupling between resource and consumer communities could increase under future climate change if plant and animal communities are consistently related to distinct climatic drivers., Although patterns of biodiversity across the globe are well studied, there is still a controversial debate about the underlying mechanisms and their generality across biogeographic scales. We found significant bottom‐up effects of fruit diversity on frugivore diversity at the taxonomic level. In contrast, climate was more important for patterns of functional diversity, with plant communities being mostly related to precipitation, and bird communities being most strongly related to temperature.

Published
2020

42. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author

Kattge, Jens, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Aakala, Tuomas, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Adamidis, George C., Adamson, Kairi, Aiba, Masahiro, Albert, Cécile H., Alcántara, Julio M., Alcázar C, Carolina, Aleixo, Izabela, Ali, Hamada, Amiaud, Bernard, Ammer, Christian, Amoroso, Mariano M., Anand, Madhur, Anderson, Carolyn, Anten, Niels, Antos, Joseph, Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarães, Ashman, Tia-Lynn, Asmara, Degi Harja, Asner, Gregory P., Aspinwall, Michael, Atkin, Owen, Aubin, Isabelle, Baastrup-Spohr, Lars, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Baker, Timothy, Baker, William J., Bakker, Jan P., Baldocchi, Dennis, Baltzer, Jennifer, Banerjee, Arindam, Baranger, Anne, Barlow, Jos, Barneche, Diego R., Baruch, Zdravko, Bastianelli, Denis, Battles, John, Bauerle, William, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzato, Erika, Beckmann, Michael, Beeckman, Hans, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bekker, Renee, Belfry, Gavin, Belluau, Michael, Beloiu, Mirela, Benavides, Raquel, Benomar, Lahcen, Berdugo-Lattke, Mary Lee, Berenguer, Erika, Bergamin, Rodrigo, Bergmann, Joana, Bergmann Carlucci, Marcos, Berner, Logan, Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus, Bigler, Christof, Bjorkman, Anne D., Blackman, Chris, Blanco, Carolina, Blonder, Benjamin, Blumenthal, Dana, Bocanegra-González, Kelly T., Boeckx, Pascal, Bohlman, Stephanie, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boisvert-Marsh, Laura, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Boom, Arnoud, Boonman, Coline C. F., Bordin, Kauane, Boughton, Elizabeth H., Boukili, Vanessa, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bravo, Sandra, Brendel, Marco Richard, Broadley, Martin R., Brown, Kerry A., Bruelheide, Helge, Brumnich, Federico, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bruy, David, Buchanan, Serra W., Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Buitenwerf, Robert, Bunker, Daniel E., Bürger, Jana, Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, David F. R. P., Butterfield, Bradley J., Byun, Chaeho, Marques, Marcia, Scalon, Marina C., Caccianiga, Marco, Cadotte, Marc, Cailleret, Maxime, Camac, James, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campany, Courtney, Campetella, Giandiego, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, Laura, Canullo, Roberto, Carbognani, Michele, Carvalho, Fabio, Casanoves, Fernando, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Catford, Jane A., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cervellini, Marco, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Chapin, Kenneth, Chapin, F. Stuart, Chelli, Stefano, Chen, Si-Chong, Chen, Anping, Cherubini, Paolo, Chianucci, Francesco, Choat, Brendan, Chung, Kyong-Sook, Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Coll, Lluís, Collins, Courtney G., Conti, Luisa, Coomes, David, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Cornwell, William K., Corona, Piermaria, Coyea, Marie, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Csecserits, Anikó, Cufar, Katarina, Cuntz, Matthias, da Silva, Ana Carolina, Dahlin, Kyla M., Dainese, Matteo, Dalke, Igor, Dalle Fratte, Michele, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, Danihelka, Jirí, Dannoura, Masako, Dawson, Samantha, de Beer, Arend Jacobus, De Frutos, Angel, De Long, Jonathan R., Dechant, Benjamin, Delagrange, Sylvain, Delpierre, Nicolas, Derroire, Géraldine, Dias, Arildo S., Diaz-Toribio, Milton Hugo, Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G., Dobrowolski, Mark, Doktor, Daniel, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dong, Ning, Dransfield, John, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Leandro, Ducouret, Emilie, Dullinger, Stefan, Durka, Walter, Duursma, Remko, Dymova, Olga, E-Vojtkó, Anna, Eckstein, Rolf Lutz, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Elser, James, Emilio, Thaise, Engemann, Kristine, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, Erfmeier, Alexandra, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Esser, Gerd, Estiarte, Marc, Domingues, Tomas F., Fagan, William F., Fagúndez, Jaime, Falster, Daniel S., Fang, Jingyun, Farris, Emmanuele, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feng, Yanhao, Fernandez-Mendez, Fernando, Ferrara, Carlotta, Ferreira, Joice, Fidelis, Alessandra, Finegan, Bryan, Firn, Jennifer, Flowers, Timothy J., Flynn, Dan F. B., Fontana, Veronika, Forey, Estelle, Forgiarini, Cristiane, François, Louis, Frangipani, Marcelo, Frank, Dorothea, Frenette-Dussault, Cedric, Freschet, Grégoire T., Fry, Ellen L., Fyllas, Nikolaos M., Mazzochini, Guilherme G., Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Ganade, Gislene, Ganga, Francesca, García-Palacios, Pablo, Gargaglione, Verónica, Garnier, Eric, Garrido, Jose Luis, de Gasper, André Luís, Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo, Gibson, David, Gillison, Andrew N., Giroldo, Aelton, Glasenhardt, Mary-Claire, Gleason, Sean, Gliesch, Mariana, Goldberg, Emma, Göldel, Bastian, Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gonzalez-Andujar, Jose L., González-Melo, Andrés, González-Robles, Ana, Graae, Bente Jessen, Granda, Elena, Graves, Sarah, Green, Walton A., Gregor, Thomas, Gross, Nicolas, Guerin, Greg R., Günther, Angela, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Haddock, Lillie, Haines, Anna, Hall, Jefferson, Hambuckers, Alain, Han, Wenxuan, Harrison, Sandy P., Hattingh, Wesley, Hawes, Joseph E., He, Tianhua, He, Pengcheng, Heberling, Jacob Mason, Helm, Aveliina, Hempel, Stefan, Hentschel, Jörn, Hérault, Bruno, Hereş, Ana-Maria, Herz, Katharina, Heuertz, Myriam, Hickler, Thomas, Hietz, Peter, Higuchi, Pedro, Hipp, Andrew L., Hirons, Andrew, Hock, Maria, Hogan, James Aaron, Holl, Karen, Honnay, Olivier, Hornstein, Daniel, Hou, Enqing, Hough-Snee, Nate, Hovstad, Knut Anders, Ichie, Tomoaki, Igić, Boris, Illa, Estela, Isaac, Marney, Ishihara, Masae, Ivanov, Leonid, Ivanova, Larissa, Iversen, Colleen M., Izquierdo, Jordi, Jackson, Robert B., Jackson, Benjamin, Jactel, Hervé, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Steven, Jenkins, Thomas, Jentsch, Anke, Jespersen, Jens Rasmus Plantener, Jiang, Guo-Feng, Johansen, Jesper Liengaard, Johnson, David, Jokela, Eric J., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jordan, Gregory J., Joseph, Grant Stuart, Junaedi, Decky, Junker, Robert R., Justes, Eric, Kabzems, Richard, Kane, Jeffrey, Kaplan, Zdenek, Kattenborn, Teja, Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kempel, Anne, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kerkhoff, Andrew, Khalil, Mohammed I., Kinlock, Nicole L., Kissling, Wilm Daniel, Kitajima, Kaoru, Kitzberger, Thomas, Kjøller, Rasmus, Klein, Tamir, Kleyer, Michael, Klimešová, Jitka, Klipel, Joice, Kloeppel, Brian, Klotz, Stefan, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kohyama, Takashi, Koike, Fumito, Kollmann, Johannes, Komac, Benjamin, Komatsu, Kimberly, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kumarathunge, Dushan, Kuppler, Jonas, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Kurosawa, Yoko, Kuyah, Shem, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Lafleur, Benoit, Lallai, Erik, Lamb, Eric, Lamprecht, Andrea, Larkin, Daniel J., Laughlin, Daniel, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, le Maire, Guerric, le Roux, Peter C., le Roux, Elizabeth, Lee, Tali, Lens, Frederic, Lewis, Simon L., Lhotsky, Barbara, Li, Yuanzhi, Li, Xine, Lichstein, Jeremy W., Liebergesell, Mario, Lim, Jun Ying, Lin, Yan-Shih, Linares, Juan Carlos, Liu, Chunjiang, Liu, Daijun, Liu, Udayangani, Livingstone, Stuart, Llusià, Joan, Lohbeck, Madelon, López-García, Álvaro, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Louault, Frédérique, Lukács, Balázs A., Lukeš, Petr, Luo, Yunjian, Lussu, Michele, Ma, Siyan, Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Camilla, Mack, Michelle, Maire, Vincent, Mäkelä, Annikki, Mäkinen, Harri, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mendes, Mallik, Azim, Manning, Peter, Manzoni, Stefano, Marchetti, Zuleica, Marchino, Luca, Marcilio-Silva, Vinicius, Marcon, Eric, Marignani, Michela, Markesteijn, Lars, Martin, Adam, Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi, Mašková, Tereza, Mason, Kelly, Mason, Norman, Massad, Tara Joy, Masse, Jacynthe, Mayrose, Itay, McCarthy, James, McCormack, M. Luke, McCulloh, Katherine, McFadden, Ian R., McGill, Brian J., McPartland, Mara Y., Medeiros, Juliana S., Medlyn, Belinda, Meerts, Pierre, Mehrabi, Zia, Meir, Patrick, Melo, Felipe P. L., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Meredieu, Céline, Messier, Julie, Mészáros, Ilona, Metsaranta, Juha, Michaletz, Sean T., Michelaki, Chrysanthi, Migalina, Svetlana, Milla, Ruben, Miller, Jesse E. D., Minden, Vanessa, Ming, Ray, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Molnár V, Attila, Molofsky, Jane, Molz, Martin, Montgomery, Rebecca A., Monty, Arnaud, Moravcová, Lenka, Moreno-Martínez, Alvaro, Moretti, Marco, Mori, Akira S., Mori, Shigeta, Morris, Dave, Morrison, Jane, Mucina, Ladislav, Mueller, Sandra, Muir, Christopher D., Müller, Sandra Cristina, Munoz, François, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Myster, Randall W., Nagano, Masahiro, Naidu, Shawna, Narayanan, Ayyappan, Natesan, Balachandran, Negoita, Luka, Nelson, Andrew S., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Ni, Jian, Niedrist, Georg, Nieto, Jhon, Niinemets, Ülo, Nolan, Rachael, Nottebrock, Henning, Nouvellon, Yann, Novakovskiy, Alexander, Network, The Nutrient, Nystuen, Kristin Odden, O'Grady, Anthony, O'Hara, Kevin, O'Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, Oakley, Simon, Oberhuber, Walter, Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, Oliveira, Ricardo, Öllerer, Kinga, Olson, Mark E., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Ordonez, Jenny C., Osada, Noriyuki, Ostonen, Ivika, Ottaviani, Gianluigi, Otto, Sarah, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Pahl, Anna T., Paine, C. E. Timothy, Pakeman, Robin J., Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C., Parfionova, Evgeniya, Pärtel, Meelis, Patacca, Marco, Paula, Susana, Paule, Juraj, Pauli, Harald, Pausas, Juli G., Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Perea, Antonio, Peri, Pablo Luis, Petisco-Souza, Ana Carolina, Petraglia, Alessandro, Petritan, Any Mary, Phillips, Oliver L., Pierce, Simon, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pomogaybin, Alexandr, Poorter, Hendrik, Portsmuth, Angelika, Poschlod, Peter, Potvin, Catherine, Pounds, Devon, Powell, A. Shafer, Power, Sally A., Prinzing, Andreas, Puglielli, Giacomo, Pyšek, Petr, Raevel, Valerie, Rammig, Anja, Ransijn, Johannes, Ray, Courtenay A., Reich, Peter B., Reichstein, Markus, Reid, Douglas E. B., Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, de Dios, Victor Resco, Ribeiro, Sabina, Richardson, Sarah, Riibak, Kersti, Rillig, Matthias C., Riviera, Fiamma, Robert, Elisabeth M. R., Roberts, Scott, Robroek, Bjorn, Roddy, Adam, Rodrigues, Arthur Vinicius, Rogers, Alistair, Rollinson, Emily, Rolo, Victor, Römermann, Christine, Ronzhina, Dina, Roscher, Christiane, Rosell, Julieta A., Rosenfield, Milena Fermina, Rossi, Christian, Roy, David B., Royer-Tardif, Samuel, Rüger, Nadja, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Rumpf, Sabine B., Rusch, Graciela M., Ryo, Masahiro, Sack, Lawren, Saldaña, Angela, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, Santa-Regina, Ignacio, Santacruz-García, Ana Carolina, Santos, Joaquim, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schleuning, Matthias, Schmid, Bernhard, Schmidt, Marco, Schmitt, Sylvain, Schneider, Julio V., Schowanek, Simon D., Schrader, Julian, Schrodt, Franziska, Schuldt, Bernhard, Schurr, Frank, Selaya Garvizu, Galia, Semchenko, Marina, Seymour, Colleen, Sfair, Julia C., Sharpe, Joanne M., Sheppard, Christine S., Sheremetiev, Serge, Shiodera, Satomi, Shipley, Bill, Shovon, Tanvir Ahmed, Siebenkäs, Alrun, Sierra, Carlos, Silva, Vasco, Silva, Mateus, Sitzia, Tommaso, Sjöman, Henrik, Slot, Martijn, Smith, Nicholas G., Sodhi, Darwin, Soltis, Pamela, Soltis, Douglas, Somers, Ben, Sonnier, Grégory, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Sosinski Jr, Enio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Alexandre F., Spasojevic, Marko, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Stan, Amanda B., Stegen, James, Steinbauer, Klaus, Stephan, Jörg G., Sterck, Frank, Stojanovic, Dejan B., Strydom, Tanya, Suarez, Maria Laura, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svitková, Ivana, Svitok, Marek, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Emily, Swenson, Nathan, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Takagi, Kentaro, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tarifa, Rubén, Tauugourdeau, Simon, Tavsanoglu, Cagatay, te Beest, Mariska, Tedersoo, Leho, Thiffault, Nelson, Thom, Dominik, Thomas, Evert, Thompson, Ken, Thornton, Peter E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Tichý, Lubomír, Tissue, David, Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, Tobias, Joseph, Török, Péter, Tarin, Tonantzin, Torres-Ruiz, José M., Tóthmérész, Béla, Treurnicht, Martina, Trivellone, Valeria, Trolliet, Franck, Trotsiuk, Volodymyr, Tsakalos, James L., Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Tysklind, Niklas, Umehara, Toru, Usoltsev, Vladimir, Vadeboncoeur, Matthew, Vaezi, Jamil, Valladares, Fernando, Vamosi, Jana, van Bodegom, Peter M., van Breugel, Michiel, Van Cleemput, Elisa, van de Weg, Martine, van der Merwe, Stephni, van der Plas, Fons, van der Sande, Masha T., van Kleunen, Mark, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Vanderwel, Mark, Vanselow, Kim André, Vårhammar, Angelica, Varone, Laura, Vasquez Valderrama, Maribel Yesenia, Vassilev, Kiril, Vellend, Mark, Veneklaas, Erik J., Verbeeck, Hans, Verheyen, Kris, Vibrans, Alexander, Vieira, Ima, Villacís, Jaime, Violle, Cyrille, Vivek, Pandi, Wagner, Katrin, Waldram, Matthew, Waldron, Anthony, Walker, Anthony P., Waller, Martyn, Walther, Gabriel, Wang, Han, Wang, Feng, Wang, Weiqi, Watkins, Harry, Watkins, James, Weber, Ulrich, Weedon, James T., Wei, Liping, Weigelt, Patrick, Weiher, Evan, Wells, Aidan W., Wellstein, Camilla, Wenk, Elizabeth, Westoby, Mark, Westwood, Alana, White, Philip John, Whitten, Mark, Williams, Mathew, Winkler, Daniel E., Winter, Klaus, Womack, Chevonne, Wright, Ian J., Wright, S. Joseph, Wright, Justin, Pinho, Bruno X., Ximenes, Fabiano, Yamada, Toshihiro, Yamaji, Keiko, Yanai, Ruth, Yankov, Nikolay, Yguel, Benjamin, Zanini, Kátia Janaina, Zanne, Amy E., Zelený, David, Zhao, Yun-Peng, Zheng, Jingming, Zheng, Ji, Ziemińska, Kasia, Zirbel, Chad R., Zizka, Georg, Zo-Bi, Irié Casimir, Zotz, Gerhard, Wirth, Christian, Kattge, Jens, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Aakala, Tuomas, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia T. 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H., Kohyama, Takashi, Koike, Fumito, Kollmann, Johannes, Komac, Benjamin, Komatsu, Kimberly, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kumarathunge, Dushan, Kuppler, Jonas, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Kurosawa, Yoko, Kuyah, Shem, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Lafleur, Benoit, Lallai, Erik, Lamb, Eric, Lamprecht, Andrea, Larkin, Daniel J., Laughlin, Daniel, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, le Maire, Guerric, le Roux, Peter C., le Roux, Elizabeth, Lee, Tali, Lens, Frederic, Lewis, Simon L., Lhotsky, Barbara, Li, Yuanzhi, Li, Xine, Lichstein, Jeremy W., Liebergesell, Mario, Lim, Jun Ying, Lin, Yan-Shih, Linares, Juan Carlos, Liu, Chunjiang, Liu, Daijun, Liu, Udayangani, Livingstone, Stuart, Llusià, Joan, Lohbeck, Madelon, López-García, Álvaro, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Louault, Frédérique, Lukács, Balázs A., Lukeš, Petr, Luo, Yunjian, Lussu, Michele, Ma, Siyan, Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Camilla, Mack, Michelle, Maire, Vincent, Mäkelä, Annikki, Mäkinen, Harri, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mendes, Mallik, Azim, Manning, Peter, Manzoni, Stefano, Marchetti, Zuleica, Marchino, Luca, Marcilio-Silva, Vinicius, Marcon, Eric, Marignani, Michela, Markesteijn, Lars, Martin, Adam, Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi, Mašková, Tereza, Mason, Kelly, Mason, Norman, Massad, Tara Joy, Masse, Jacynthe, Mayrose, Itay, McCarthy, James, McCormack, M. 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D., Minden, Vanessa, Ming, Ray, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Molnár V, Attila, Molofsky, Jane, Molz, Martin, Montgomery, Rebecca A., Monty, Arnaud, Moravcová, Lenka, Moreno-Martínez, Alvaro, Moretti, Marco, Mori, Akira S., Mori, Shigeta, Morris, Dave, Morrison, Jane, Mucina, Ladislav, Mueller, Sandra, Muir, Christopher D., Müller, Sandra Cristina, Munoz, François, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Myster, Randall W., Nagano, Masahiro, Naidu, Shawna, Narayanan, Ayyappan, Natesan, Balachandran, Negoita, Luka, Nelson, Andrew S., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Ni, Jian, Niedrist, Georg, Nieto, Jhon, Niinemets, Ülo, Nolan, Rachael, Nottebrock, Henning, Nouvellon, Yann, Novakovskiy, Alexander, Network, The Nutrient, Nystuen, Kristin Odden, O'Grady, Anthony, O'Hara, Kevin, O'Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, Oakley, Simon, Oberhuber, Walter, Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, Oliveira, Ricardo, Öllerer, Kinga, Olson, Mark E., Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Ordonez, Jenny C., Osada, Noriyuki, Ostonen, Ivika, Ottaviani, Gianluigi, Otto, Sarah, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Pahl, Anna T., Paine, C. E. Timothy, Pakeman, Robin J., Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C., Parfionova, Evgeniya, Pärtel, Meelis, Patacca, Marco, Paula, Susana, Paule, Juraj, Pauli, Harald, Pausas, Juli G., Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Perea, Antonio, Peri, Pablo Luis, Petisco-Souza, Ana Carolina, Petraglia, Alessandro, Petritan, Any Mary, Phillips, Oliver L., Pierce, Simon, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pomogaybin, Alexandr, Poorter, Hendrik, Portsmuth, Angelika, Poschlod, Peter, Potvin, Catherine, Pounds, Devon, Powell, A. Shafer, Power, Sally A., Prinzing, Andreas, Puglielli, Giacomo, Pyšek, Petr, Raevel, Valerie, Rammig, Anja, Ransijn, Johannes, Ray, Courtenay A., Reich, Peter B., Reichstein, Markus, Reid, Douglas E. B., Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, de Dios, Victor Resco, Ribeiro, Sabina, Richardson, Sarah, Riibak, Kersti, Rillig, Matthias C., Riviera, Fiamma, Robert, Elisabeth M. R., Roberts, Scott, Robroek, Bjorn, Roddy, Adam, Rodrigues, Arthur Vinicius, Rogers, Alistair, Rollinson, Emily, Rolo, Victor, Römermann, Christine, Ronzhina, Dina, Roscher, Christiane, Rosell, Julieta A., Rosenfield, Milena Fermina, Rossi, Christian, Roy, David B., Royer-Tardif, Samuel, Rüger, Nadja, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Rumpf, Sabine B., Rusch, Graciela M., Ryo, Masahiro, Sack, Lawren, Saldaña, Angela, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, Santa-Regina, Ignacio, Santacruz-García, Ana Carolina, Santos, Joaquim, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schleuning, Matthias, Schmid, Bernhard, Schmidt, Marco, Schmitt, Sylvain, Schneider, Julio V., Schowanek, Simon D., Schrader, Julian, Schrodt, Franziska, Schuldt, Bernhard, Schurr, Frank, Selaya Garvizu, Galia, Semchenko, Marina, Seymour, Colleen, Sfair, Julia C., Sharpe, Joanne M., Sheppard, Christine S., Sheremetiev, Serge, Shiodera, Satomi, Shipley, Bill, Shovon, Tanvir Ahmed, Siebenkäs, Alrun, Sierra, Carlos, Silva, Vasco, Silva, Mateus, Sitzia, Tommaso, Sjöman, Henrik, Slot, Martijn, Smith, Nicholas G., Sodhi, Darwin, Soltis, Pamela, Soltis, Douglas, Somers, Ben, Sonnier, Grégory, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Sosinski Jr, Enio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Souza, Alexandre F., Spasojevic, Marko, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Stan, Amanda B., Stegen, James, Steinbauer, Klaus, Stephan, Jörg G., Sterck, Frank, Stojanovic, Dejan B., Strydom, Tanya, Suarez, Maria Laura, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svitková, Ivana, Svitok, Marek, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Emily, Swenson, Nathan, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Takagi, Kentaro, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tarifa, Rubén, Tauugourdeau, Simon, Tavsanoglu, Cagatay, te Beest, Mariska, Tedersoo, Leho, Thiffault, Nelson, Thom, Dominik, Thomas, Evert, Thompson, Ken, Thornton, Peter E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Tichý, Lubomír, Tissue, David, Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, Tobias, Joseph, Török, Péter, Tarin, Tonantzin, Torres-Ruiz, José M., Tóthmérész, Béla, Treurnicht, Martina, Trivellone, Valeria, Trolliet, Franck, Trotsiuk, Volodymyr, Tsakalos, James L., Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Tysklind, Niklas, Umehara, Toru, Usoltsev, Vladimir, Vadeboncoeur, Matthew, Vaezi, Jamil, Valladares, Fernando, Vamosi, Jana, van Bodegom, Peter M., van Breugel, Michiel, Van Cleemput, Elisa, van de Weg, Martine, van der Merwe, Stephni, van der Plas, Fons, van der Sande, Masha T., van Kleunen, Mark, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Vanderwel, Mark, Vanselow, Kim André, Vårhammar, Angelica, Varone, Laura, Vasquez Valderrama, Maribel Yesenia, Vassilev, Kiril, Vellend, Mark, Veneklaas, Erik J., Verbeeck, Hans, Verheyen, Kris, Vibrans, Alexander, Vieira, Ima, Villacís, Jaime, Violle, Cyrille, Vivek, Pandi, Wagner, Katrin, Waldram, Matthew, Waldron, Anthony, Walker, Anthony P., Waller, Martyn, Walther, Gabriel, Wang, Han, Wang, Feng, Wang, Weiqi, Watkins, Harry, Watkins, James, Weber, Ulrich, Weedon, James T., Wei, Liping, Weigelt, Patrick, Weiher, Evan, Wells, Aidan W., Wellstein, Camilla, Wenk, Elizabeth, Westoby, Mark, Westwood, Alana, White, Philip John, Whitten, Mark, Williams, Mathew, Winkler, Daniel E., Winter, Klaus, Womack, Chevonne, Wright, Ian J., Wright, S. Joseph, Wright, Justin, Pinho, Bruno X., Ximenes, Fabiano, Yamada, Toshihiro, Yamaji, Keiko, Yanai, Ruth, Yankov, Nikolay, Yguel, Benjamin, Zanini, Kátia Janaina, Zanne, Amy E., Zelený, David, Zhao, Yun-Peng, Zheng, Jingming, Zheng, Ji, Ziemińska, Kasia, Zirbel, Chad R., Zizka, Georg, Zo-Bi, Irié Casimir, Zotz, Gerhard, and Wirth, Christian

Abstract

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.

Published
2020

43. Similar composition of functional roles in Andean seed‐dispersal networks, despite high species and interaction turnover

Author

Dehling, David Matthias, Peralta, Guadalupe, Bender, Irene Maria Antoinetta, Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Muñoz Neyra, Marcia Carolina, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Quitián Rodríguez, Marta, Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Schleuning, Matthias, Stouffer, Daniel B., Dehling, David Matthias, Peralta, Guadalupe, Bender, Irene Maria Antoinetta, Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Muñoz Neyra, Marcia Carolina, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Quitián Rodríguez, Marta, Saavedra, Francisco, Santillán, Vinicio, Schleuning, Matthias, and Stouffer, Daniel B.

Abstract

The species composition of local communities varies in space, and its similarity generally decreases with increasing geographic distance between communities, a phenomenon known as distance decay of similarity. It is, however, not known how changes in local species composition affect ecological processes, that is, whether they lead to differences in the local composition of species' functional roles. We studied eight seed‐dispersal networks along the South American Andes and compared them with regard to their species composition and their composition of functional roles. We tested (1) if changes in bird species composition lead to changes in the composition of bird functional roles, and (2) if the similarity in species composition and functional‐role composition decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. We also used cluster analysis to (3) identify bird species with similar roles across all networks based on the similarity in the plants they consume, (i) considering only the species identity of the plants and (ii) considering the functional traits of the plants. Despite strong changes in species composition, the networks along the Andes showed similar composition of functional roles. (1) Changes in species composition generally did not lead to changes in the composition of functional roles. (2) Similarity in species composition, but not functional‐role composition, decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. (3) The cluster analysis considering the functional traits of plants identified bird species with similar functional roles across all networks. The similarity in functional roles despite the high species turnover suggests that the ecological process of seed dispersal is organized similarly along the Andes, with similar functional roles fulfilled locally by different sets of species. The high species turnover, relative to functional turnover, also indicates that a large number of bird species are needed to maintain

Published
2020

44. Direct and plant‐mediated effects of climate on bird diversity in tropical mountains

Author

Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., primary, Albrecht, Jörg, additional, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Howell, Kim M., additional, Kettering, Laura, additional, Neu, Alexander, additional, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, additional, Quitián, Marta, additional, Santillán, Vinicio E., additional, Töpfer, Till, additional, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, and Fritz, Susanne A., additional

Published
2020
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47. Seed‐dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics

Author

Dugger, Phillip James, Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Ruben, Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco, Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia Carolina, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco Aurelio, Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano Sebastián, Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernanda, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian GR, and Schleuning, Matthias

Subjects
Birds, Mammals, Neotropics, Mutualism, Seed dispersal, Ecological networks, Frugivory, Macroecology, Afrotropics
Abstract

Fil: Dugger, Phillip James. Universidad de Antioch Nueva Inglaterra. Departamento de Estudios Ambientales; Estados Unidos. Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Blendinger, Pedro Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Fil: Böhning-Gaese, Katrin. Instituto Senckenberg-Leibniz. Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Clima de Senckenberg (Frankfurt); Alemania. Fil: Böhning-Gaese, Katrin. Universidad Goethe. Instituto de Ecología, Diversidad y Evolución; Alemania. Fil: Chama, Lackson. Universidad de Copperbelt. Escuela de Recursos Naturales. Departamento de Zoología y Ciencias Acuáticas; Zambia. Fil: Correia, Marta. Universidad de Coímbra. Centro de Ecología Funcional. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida; Portugal. Fil: Dehling, D. Matthias. Universidad de Canterbury. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Centro de Ecología Integrativa; Nueva Zelanda. Fil: Emer, Carine. Universidad Estatal Paulista. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Ecología; Brasil. Fil: Farwig, Nina. Universidad de Marburgo. Facultad de Biología; Alemania. Fil: Fricke, Evan C. Universidad Estatal de Iowa. Departamento de Ecología, Evolución y Biología Organismal; Estados Unidos. Fil: Galetti, Mauro. Universidad Estatal Paulista. Instituto de Biociencias. Departamento de Ecología; Brasil. Fil: García, Daniel. Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; España. Fil: García, Daniel. Universidad de Oviedo. Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad; España. Fil: García, Daniel. Principado de Asturias (España). Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad; España. Fil: Grass, Ingo. Universidad de Göttingen. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias de los Cultivos; Alemania. Fil: Heleno, Ruben. Universidad de Coímbra. Centro de Ecología Funcional. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida; Portugal. Fil: Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco. Universidad Estatal Paulista, Departamento de Zoología; Brasil. Fil: Jacomassa, Fábio André Facco. Universidad Estatal do Centro Oeste. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Programa de Pos‐Graduación en Biología Evolutiva; Brasil. Aim: Biogeographical comparisons of interaction networks help to elucidate diffeences in ecological communities and ecosystem functioning at large scales. Neotropical ecosystems have higher diversity and a different composition of frugivores and fleshy‐fruited plants compared with Afrotropical systems, but a lack of intercontinental comparisons limits understanding of (a) whether plant–frugivore networks are structured in a similar manner, and (b) whether the same species traits define the roles of animals across continents. Location: Afrotropics and Neotropics. Time period: 1977–2015. Taxa: Fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous vertebrates. Methods: We compiled a dataset comprising 17 Afrotropical and 48 Neotropical weighted seed‐dispersal networks quantifying frugivory interactions between 1,091 fleshy‐fruited plant and 665 animal species, comprising in total 8,251 interaction links between plants and animals. In addition, we compiled information on the body mass of animals and their degree of frugivory. We compared four standard network level metrics related to interaction diversity and specialization, accounting for differences related to sampling effort and network location. Furthermore, we tested whether animal traits (body mass, degree of frugivory) differed between continents, whether these traits were related to the network roles of species and whether these relation ships varied between continents. Results: We found significant structural differences in networks between continents. Overall, Neotropical networkswere less nested and more specialized tan Afrotropical networks. At the species level, a higher body mass and degree of frugivory were as sociated with an increasing diversity of plant partners. Specialization of frugivores increased with the degree of frugivory, but only in the Neotropics. Main conclusions: Our findings show that Afrotropical networks have a greater overlap in plant partners among vertebrate frugivores than the more diverse networks in the Neotropics that are characterized by a greater niche partitioning. Hence, the loss of frugivore species could have stronger impacts on ecosystem functioning in the more specialized Neotropical communities compared with the more generalized Afrotropical communities.

Published
2019

48. High throughput sequencing combined with null model tests reveals specific plant-fungi associations linked to seedling establishment and survival

Author

Merges, Dominik, Bálint, Miklós, Schmitt, Imke, Manning, Peter, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Merges, Dominik, Bálint, Miklós, Schmitt, Imke, Manning, Peter, and Neuschulz, Eike Lena

Abstract

1. Plant-fungal interactions are important for plant community assembly, but quantifying these relationships remains challenging. High throughput sequencing of fungal communities allows us to identify plant-fungal associations at a high level of resolution, but often fails to provide information on taxonomic and functional assignment of fungi. 2. We transplanted seeds of Pinus cembra across an elevational gradient (1850–2250 m a.s.l.) and identified environmental factors and known fungal associates important for seedling establishment and survival. We then applied null model tests to identify taxonomically unassigned fungi associated with pine recruitment. 3. Early seedling establishment was determined by abiotic environmental factors, while seedling survival was predominantly affected by biotic environmental factors (i.e., the abundance of a fungal pathogen known from literature and the distance to adult trees). Null model tests identified known mycorrhizal partners and a large number of unknown operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with seedling survival, including saprotrophic and pathogenic species. These results highlight that unknown fungal OTUs, which are usually discarded from analyses, could play a crucial role for plant survival. 4. Synthesis. We conclude that high throughput metabarcoding paired with null model tests, is a valuable approach for identifying hidden plant-fungal associations within large and complex DNA metabarcoding datasets. Such an approach can be an important tool in illuminating the black box of plant-microbe interactions, and thus understanding ecosystem dynamics.

Published
2019

49. Seed-dispersal networks are more specialized in the Neotropics than in the Afrotropics

Author

Center for Tropical Studies and Conservation (US), Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Colciencias (Colombia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Dugger, Phillip J., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Rubén H., Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano S., Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., Schleuning, Matthias, Center for Tropical Studies and Conservation (US), Robert Bosch Foundation, German Research Foundation, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Colciencias (Colombia), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Dugger, Phillip J., Blendinger, Pedro G., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Chama, Lackson, Correia, Marta, Dehling, D. Matthias, Emer, Carine, Farwig, Nina, Fricke, Evan C., Galetti, Mauro, García, Daniel, Grass, Ingo, Heleno, Rubén H., Jacomassa, Fábio A. F., Moraes, Suelen, Moran, Catherine, Muñoz, Marcia C., Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Nowak, Larissa, Piratelli, Augusto, Pizo, Marco A., Quitián, Marta, Rogers, Haldre S., Ruggera, Román A., Saavedra, Francisco, Sánchez, Mariano S., Sánchez, Rocío, Santillán, Vinicio, Schabo, Dana G., Ribeiro da Silva, Fernando, Timóteo, Sérgio, Traveset, Anna, Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R., and Schleuning, Matthias

Abstract

[Aim] Biogeographical comparisons of interaction networks help to elucidate differences in ecological communities and ecosystem functioning at large scales. Neotropical ecosystems have higher diversity and a different composition of frugivores and fleshy-fruited plants compared with Afrotropical systems, but a lack of intercontinental comparisons limits understanding of (a) whether plant–frugivore networks are structured in a similar manner, and (b) whether the same species traits define the roles of animals across continents., [Location] Afrotropics and Neotropics., [Time period] 1977-2015., [Taxa] Fleshy-fruited plants and frugivorous vertebrates., [Methods] We compiled a dataset comprising 17 Afrotropical and 48 Neotropical weighted seed-dispersal networks quantifying frugivory interactions between 1,091 fleshy-fruited plant and 665 animal species, comprising in total 8,251 interaction links between plants and animals. In addition, we compiled information on the body mass of animals and their degree of frugivory. We compared four standard network-level metrics related to interaction diversity and specialization, accounting for differences related to sampling effort and network location. Furthermore, we tested whether animal traits (body mass, degree of frugivory) differed between continents, whether these traits were related to the network roles of species and whether these relationships varied between continents., [Results] We found significant structural differences in networks between continents. Overall, Neotropical networks were less nested and more specialized than Afrotropical networks. At the species level, a higher body mass and degree of frugivory were associated with an increasing diversity of plant partners. Specialization of frugivores increased with the degree of frugivory, but only in the Neotropics., [Main conclusions] Our findings show that Afrotropical networks have a greater overlap in plant partners among vertebrate frugivores than the more diverse networks in the Neotropics that are characterized by a greater niche partitioning. Hence, the loss of frugivore species could have stronger impacts on ecosystem functioning in the more specialized Neotropical communities compared with the more generalized Afrotropical communities.

Published
2019

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