Author: "New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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21 results on '"New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine)"'

1. ETV3 and ETV6 enable monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells by repressing macrophage fate commitment

Author: Javiera Villar, Adeline Cros, Alba De Juan, Lamine Alaoui, Pierre-Emmanuel Bonte, Colleen M. Lau, Ioanna Tiniakou, Boris Reizis, Elodie Segura, Immunité et cancer (U932), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0043,BRAIN,Bordeaux Region Aquitaine Initiative for Neuroscience(2010), ANR-17-CE15-0011,MonoDiff,Régulation moléculaire de la différenciation des monocytes : des mécanismes aux cibles thérapeutiques(2017), European Project: 666003,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014,IC-3i-PhD(2016), Segura, Elodie, Initiative d'excellence - Paris Sciences et Lettres - - PSL2010 - ANR-10-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Bordeaux Region Aquitaine Initiative for Neuroscience - - BRAIN2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0043 - LABX - VALID, Régulation moléculaire de la différenciation des monocytes : des mécanismes aux cibles thérapeutiques - - MonoDiff2017 - ANR-17-CE15-0011 - AAPG2017 - VALID, and Institut Curie 3-i PhD Program - IC-3i-PhD - - H20202016-09-01 - 2021-09-01 - 666003 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract: In inflamed tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages (mo-Macs) or dendritic cells (mo-DCs). In chronic nonresolving inflammation, mo-DCs are major drivers of pathogenic events. Manipulating monocyte differentiation would therefore be an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, how the balance of mo-DC versus mo-Mac fate commitment is regulated is not clear. In the present study, we show that the transcriptional repressors ETV3 and ETV6 control human monocyte differentiation into mo-DCs. ETV3 and ETV6 inhibit interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes; however, their action on monocyte differentiation is independent of IFN signaling. Instead, we find that ETV3 and ETV6 directly repress mo-Mac development by controlling MAFB expression. Mice deficient for Etv6 in monocytes have spontaneous expression of IFN-stimulated genes, confirming that Etv6 regulates IFN responses in vivo. Furthermore, these mice have impaired mo-DC differentiation during inflammation and reduced pathology in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. These findings provide information about the molecular control of monocyte fate decision and identify ETV6 as a therapeutic target to redirect monocyte differentiation in inflammatory disorders.
Published: 2022

2. Activation of Nod2 signalling upon Norovirus infection enhances antiviral immunity and susceptibility to colitis

Author: Muharram, Ghaffar, Thépaut, Marion, Lobert, Pierre-Emmanuel, Grandjean, Teddy, Boulard, Olivier, Delacre, Myriam, Wakeford, Emmrich, Wheeler, Richard, Poulin, Lionel, Gomperts Boneca, Ivo, Lafont, Frank, Michallet, Marie-Cécile, Hober, Didier, Cadwell, Ken, Chamaillard, Mathias, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pathogenèse virale du diabète de type 1 - ULR 3610 (Laboratoire de Virologie), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire : Canaux ioniques, inflammation et cancer - U 1003 (PHYCELL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi bactérienne - Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), and ANR-16-CE15-0021,PG-Brain,Modulation de l'activité du cerveau par le peptidoglycan bactérien(2016)
Subjects: Inflammation, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Macrophages, Norovirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Signalling, Colitis, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, NOD2
Abstract: International audience; Over 90% of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis are caused by human Noroviruses (NoV) which are persisting in a substantial subset of people allowing their spread worldwide. It leads to a significant number of endemic cases and up to 70,000 children deaths in developing countries. NoVs are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. To date studies have focused on the influence of the gut microbiota on viral clearance by enteric immunity. In this study, the use of the persistent mouse Norovirus S99 strain (MNoV_S99) allowed us to provide evidence that the norovirus-driven exacerbation of colitis severity relied on bacterial sensing by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2). Similarly, another persistent MNoV_CR6 strain failed to exacerbate colitis severity in Nod2-deficient mice. In parallel, the viremia was heightened in these mice in comparison with control animals. Accordingly, a reduced level of phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription1 (STAT1) in Nod2-deficient macrophages infected by MNoV_S99 was measured. By contrast, STAT1 phosphorylation was increased in wild-type macrophages and associated with an induction of NOD2 expression. This in turn enhances myeloid cells response to muramyl dipeptide (MDP) resulting in downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and reduced noroviral production. Hence, our results uncover a previously unidentified virus-host-bacterial interplay that may represent a novel therapeutic target for treating noroviral origin gastroenteritis that may be linked with susceptibility to several common illnesses such as Crohn’s disease.
Published: 2023

3. Optical coherence tomography in coronary atherosclerosis assessment and intervention

Author: Makoto Araki, Seung-Jung Park, Harold L. Dauerman, Shiro Uemura, Jung-Sun Kim, Carlo Di Mario, Thomas W. Johnson, Giulio Guagliumi, Adnan Kastrati, Michael Joner, Niels Ramsing Holm, Fernando Alfonso, William Wijns, Tom Adriaenssens, Holger Nef, Gilles Rioufol, Nicolas Amabile, Geraud Souteyrand, Nicolas Meneveau, Edouard Gerbaud, Maksymilian P. Opolski, Nieves Gonzalo, Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett Bouma, Aaron D. Aguirre, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone, Christos V. Bourantas, Lorenz Räber, Sebastiano Gili, Kyoichi Mizuno, Shigeki Kimura, Toshiro Shinke, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Jin Man Cho, Bryan P. Yan, Italo Porto, Giampaolo Niccoli, Rocco A. Montone, Vikas Thondapu, Michail I. Papafaklis, Lampros K. Michalis, Harmony Reynolds, Jacqueline Saw, Peter Libby, Giora Weisz, Mario Iannaccone, Tommaso Gori, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Taishi Yonetsu, Yoshiyasu Minami, Masamichi Takano, O. Christopher Raffel, Osamu Kurihara, Tsunenari Soeda, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Hyung Oh Kim, Tetsumin Lee, Takumi Higuma, Akihiro Nakajima, Erika Yamamoto, Krzysztof L. Bryniarski, Luca Di Vito, Rocco Vergallo, Francesco Fracassi, Michele Russo, Lena M. Seegers, Iris McNulty, Sangjoon Park, Marc Feldman, Javier Escaned, Francesco Prati, Eloisa Arbustini, Fausto J. Pinto, Ron Waksman, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Akiko Maehara, Ziad Ali, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani, Annapoorna S. Kini, Joost Daemen, Teruyoshi Kume, Kiyoshi Hibi, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka, Takashi Kubo, Satoshi Yasuda, Kevin Croce, Juan F. Granada, Amir Lerman, Abhiram Prasad, Evelyn Regar, Yoshihiko Saito, Mullasari Ajit Sankardas, Vijayakumar Subban, Neil J. Weissman, Yundai Chen, Bo Yu, Stephen J. Nicholls, Peter Barlis, Nick E. J. West, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Jong Chul Ye, Jouke Dijkstra, Hang Lee, Jagat Narula, Filippo Crea, Sunao Nakamura, Tsunekazu Kakuta, James Fujimoto, Valentin Fuster, Ik-Kyung Jang, CarMeN, laboratoire, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston, MA, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Asan Medical Center [Seoul, South Korea] (AMC), University of Vermont [Burlington], Kawasaki Medical School [Okayama, Japan] (KMS), Yonsei University College of Medicine [Seoul, South Korea] (YUCM), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [Firenze] (AOUC), University Hospitals Bristol, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII [Bergamo, Italy], Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich Heart Alliance [Munich, Allemagne] (MHA), German Heart Center = Deutsches Herzzentrum München [Munich, Germany] (GHC), Aarhus University Hospital [Skejby, Denmark] (AUH), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences [Giessen] (THM), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Cardiology [Warsaw, Poland] (NIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] (IdISSC), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Cardiovascular Research Foundation [New York, NY, USA] (CRF), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital), Centro Cardiologico Monzino [Milan, Italy] (2CM), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation [Tokyo, Japan] (MHWF), Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan] (YMKH), Showa University Hospital [Tokyo, Japan] (SUH), Kyung Hee University [Seoul, South Korea] (KHU), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Rome, Italy] (CUSH), University Hospital [Ioannina, Greece] (UH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Vancouver General Hospital [Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada] (VGH), University of British Columbia (UBC), Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco [Turin, Italy] (OSGB), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Kitasato University, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital [Chiba, Japan] (NMSC2H), The Prince Charles Hospital, Nara Medical University [Nara, Japan] (NMU), Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital [Ibaraki, Japan] (TKGH), Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital [Tokyo], St. Marianna University School of Medicine [Kanagawa, Japan], Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine [Kyoto, Japan] (KUGSM), Jagiellonian University - Medical College (JUMC), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Mazzoni Hospital [Ascoli Piceno, Italy] (MH), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences [Rome, Italy] (SCIUHS), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo [Pavia], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), MedStar Washington Hospital Center [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar WHC), CV Path Institute [Gaithersburg, MD, USA] (CV-PI), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Yokohama City University (YCU), Wakayama University, Tohoku University [Sendai], Mayo Clinic [Rochester, MN, USA], Mayo Clinic [Rochester], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Madras Medical Mission [Chennai, India] (3M), MedStar Health Research Institute [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar-HRI), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital [Beijing, China] (CPLAGH), Harbin Medical University [China] (HMU), Monash university, University of Melbourne, Royal Papworth Hospital [Cambridge, UK] (RPH), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Open University of Japan [Chiba] (OUJ), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically to optimize percutaneous coronary intervention. In this Review, Jang and colleagues summarize this rapidly progressing field, with the aim of standardizing the use of OCT in coronary atherosclerosis.Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) was first performed in humans two decades ago, this imaging modality has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically for the optimization of percutaneous coronary intervention. In the past 10 years, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of in vivo vascular biology using OCT. Identification by OCT of culprit plaque pathology could potentially lead to a major shift in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Detection by OCT of healed coronary plaque has been important in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in plaque destabilization and healing with the rapid progression of atherosclerosis. Accurate detection by OCT of sequelae from percutaneous coronary interventions that might be missed by angiography could improve clinical outcomes. In addition, OCT has become an essential diagnostic modality for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Insight into neoatherosclerosis from OCT could improve our understanding of the mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis. The appropriate use of OCT depends on accurate interpretation and understanding of the clinical significance of OCT findings. In this Review, we summarize the state of the art in cardiac OCT and facilitate the uniform use of this modality in coronary atherosclerosis. Contributions have been made by clinicians and investigators worldwide with extensive experience in OCT, with the aim that this document will serve as a standard reference for future research and clinical application.
Published: 2022

4. Macromolecular crowding limits growth under pressure

Author: Cécile Formosa-Dague, Baptiste Alric, Liam J. Holt, Etienne Dague, Morgan Delarue, Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NYU Cancer Center Support GrantNIH/NCI P30CA016087, French RENATECH network, United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USAR01 GM132447R37 CA240765, and American Cancer Society
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], biology, Cell growth, Chemistry, Mechanism (biology), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, General Physics and Astronomy, biology.organism_classification, Crowding, Protein expression, Article, Coupling (electronics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biophysics, Environmental sensing, Macromolecular crowding, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Cells that grow in confined spaces eventually build up mechanical compressive stress. This growth-induced pressure (GIP) decreases cell growth. GIP is important in a multitude of contexts from cancer[1–3], to microbial infections[4], to biofouling, yet our understanding of its origin and molecular consequences remains limited. Here, we combine microfluidic confinement of the yeast Saccha-romyces cerevisiae[5],with rheological measurements using genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs)[6] to reveal that growth-induced pressure is accompanied with an increase in a key cellular physical property: macromolecular crowding. We develop a fully calibrated model that predicts how increased macromolecular crowding hinders protein expression and thus diminishes cell growth. This model is sufficient to explain the coupling of growth rate to pressure without the need for specific molecular sensors or signaling cascades. As molecular crowding is similar across all domains of life, this could be a deeply conserved mechanism of biomechanical feedback that allows environmental sensing originating from the fundamental physical properties of cells.
Published: 2022

5. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform 2 that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma

Author: Davalos, Verónica, Lovell, Claudia, von Itter, Richard, Dolgalev, Igor, Agrawal, Praveen, Baptiste, Gillian, Kahler, David, Sokolova, Elena, Moran, Sebastian, Piqué, Laia, Vega-Saenz de Miera, Eleazar, Fontanals-Cirera, Barbara, Karz, Alcida, Tsirigos, Aristotelis, Yun, Chi, Darvishian, Farbod, Etchevers, Heather, Osman, Iman, Esteller, Manel, Schober, Markus, Hernando, Eva, Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA, Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Marseille Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA (NYUSM), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), and We thank the NYU Experimental Pathology Core, the NYU Genome Technology Center, the NYUCenter for Biospecimen Research and Development, and the Small Animal Imaging core, all partially supported by the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) NIH/NCI P30CA016087 (NIH/NCI), and National Institute of Health S10 Grants NIH/ORIP S10OD01058 and S10OD018338. We thank the High Throughput Biology Core partially funded by P30CA16087 and NYSTEM Contract C026719. V.D. was supported by the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7-PEOPLE30 2013-IOF) under REA grant agreement n° PIOF-GA-2013-623443. This work was funded by NCI/NIH R01CA202027, R01CA274100, P01CA206980 and NYU Melanoma SPOREP50CA225450 (PI: I.O).
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology
Abstract: International audience; Metastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-tomesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 – isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-bindingdomain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanomaprogression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
Published: 2023

6. Loss of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation contributes to cognitive and neurocentric damages of the amyloid-β pathway

Author: Yann Dromard, Margarita Arango-Lievano, Amelie Borie, Maheva Dedin, Pierre Fontanaud, Joan Torrent, Michael J. Garabedian, Stephen D. Ginsberg, Freddy Jeanneteau, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Nathan Kline Institute, BioCampus (BCM), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Guerineau, Nathalie C., and freddy, jeanneteau
Subjects: Hydrocortisone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Transgenic, Neuroimaging, Glucocorticoid receptor, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Mice, Cognition, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Alzheimer Disease, Memory, Animals, Humans, Receptor, trkB, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Phosphorylation, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Spine dynamics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Models, Animal, BDNF, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: International audience; AbstractAberrant cortisol and activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) play an essential role in age-related progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the GR pathways required for influencing the pathobiology of AD dementia remain unknown. To address this, we studied an early phase of AD-like progression in the well-established APP/PS1 mouse model combined with targeted mutations in the BDNF-dependent GR phosphorylation sites (serines 134/267) using molecular, behavioral and neuroimaging approaches. We found that disrupting GR phosphorylation (S134A/S267A) in mice exacerbated the deleterious effects of the APP/PS1 genotype on mortality, neuroplasticity and cognition, without affecting either amyloid-β deposition or vascular pathology. The dynamics, maturation and retention of task-induced new dendritic spines of cortical excitatory neurons required GR phosphorylation at the BDNF-dependent sites that amyloid-β compromised. Parallel studies in postmortem human prefrontal cortex revealed AD subjects had downregulated BDNF signaling and concomitant upregulated cortisol pathway activation, which correlated with cognitive decline. These results provide key evidence that the loss of neurotrophin-mediated GR phosphorylation pathway promotes the detrimental effects of the brain cortisol response that contributes to the onset and/or progression of AD dementia. These findings have important translational implications as they provide a novel approach to treating AD dementia by identifying drugs that increase GR phosphorylation selectively at the neurotrophic sites to improve memory and cognition.
Published: 2022

7. Autophagie et co-infection

Author: Aarti Pant, Xiaomin Yao, Aude Lavedrine, Christophe Viret, Jacob Dockterman, Swati Chauhan, Chong-Shan Shi, Ravi Manjithaya, Ken Cadwell, Thomas A. Kufer, John H. Kehrl, Jörn Coers, L. David Sibley, Mathias Faure, Gregory A. Taylor, Santosh Chauhan, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke University [Durham], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), University of Hohenheim, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Durham VA Medical Center, and CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non- canonical autophagy in context of microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influ-ences infectious diseases as well as metabolic and autoimmune disorders.
Published: 2022

8. A large, curated, open-source stroke neuroimaging dataset to improve lesion segmentation algorithms

Author: Sook-Lei Liew, Bethany P. Lo, Miranda R. Donnelly, Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Jessica N. Jeong, Giuseppe Barisano, Alexandre Hutton, Julia P. Simon, Julia M. Juliano, Anisha Suri, Zhizhuo Wang, Aisha Abdullah, Jun Kim, Tyler Ard, Nerisa Banaj, Michael R. Borich, Lara A. Boyd, Amy Brodtmann, Cathrin M. Buetefisch, Lei Cao, Jessica M. Cassidy, Valentina Ciullo, Adriana B. Conforto, Steven C. Cramer, Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo, Ezequiel de la Rosa, Martin Domin, Adrienne N. Dula, Wuwei Feng, Alexandre R. Franco, Fatemeh Geranmayeh, Alexandre Gramfort, Chris M. Gregory, Colleen A. Hanlon, Brenton G. Hordacre, Steven A. Kautz, Mohamed Salah Khlif, Hosung Kim, Jan S. Kirschke, Jingchun Liu, Martin Lotze, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Maria Mataró, Feroze B. Mohamed, Jan E. Nordvik, Gilsoon Park, Amy Pienta, Fabrizio Piras, Shane M. Redman, Kate P. Revill, Mauricio Reyes, Andrew D. Robertson, Na Jin Seo, Surjo R. Soekadar, Gianfranco Spalletta, Alison Sweet, Maria Telenczuk, Gregory Thielman, Lars T. Westlye, Carolee J. Winstein, George F. Wittenberg, Kristin A. Wong, Chunshui Yu, University of Southern California (USC), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Clinical and Behavioral Neurology - Neuroscienze e riabilitazione, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia [Roma], Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], University of British Columbia [Vancouver], University of Melbourne, Child Mind Institute, Department Biostatistics University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of California (UC), University of Barcelona, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Duke University [Durham], Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Imperial College London, Modèles et inférence pour les données de Neuroimagerie (MIND), IFR49 - Neurospin - CEA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston] (MUSC), Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, University of South Australia [Adelaide], The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Tianjin University (TJU), University of Toronto, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Bern, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Supported by The European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Innovation program (ERC StG, Grant 802998)., Liew, Sook-Lei, Lo, Bethany P, Donnelly, Miranda R, Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Hordacre, Brenton G, and Winstein, Carolee J
Subjects: accurate image processing, Statistics and Probability, Image Processing, 610 Medicine & health, Neuroimaging, Bioengineering, [STAT.OT]Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], Library and Information Sciences, Education, Computer-Assisted, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, stroke rehabilitation, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], segmented lesion, Neurosciences, Brain, ATLAS, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computer Science Applications, Stroke, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), 570 Life sciences, biology, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Algorithms, Information Systems
Abstract: Accurate lesion segmentation is critical in stroke rehabilitation research for the quantification of lesion burden and accurate image processing. Current automated lesion segmentation methods for T1-weighted (T1w) MRIs, commonly used in stroke research, lack accuracy and reliability. Manual segmentation remains the gold standard, but it is time-consuming, subjective, and requires neuroanatomical expertise. We previously released an open-source dataset of stroke T1w MRIs and manually-segmented lesion masks (ATLAS v1.2, N = 304) to encourage the development of better algorithms. However, many methods developed with ATLAS v1.2 report low accuracy, are not publicly accessible or are improperly validated, limiting their utility to the field. Here we present ATLAS v2.0 (N = 1271), a larger dataset of T1w MRIs and manually segmented lesion masks that includes training (n = 655), test (hidden masks, n = 300), and generalizability (hidden MRIs and masks, n = 316) datasets. Algorithm development using this larger sample should lead to more robust solutions; the hidden datasets allow for unbiased performance evaluation via segmentation challenges. We anticipate that ATLAS v2.0 will lead to improved algorithms, facilitating large-scale stroke research.
Published: 2022

9. AAV-mediated neuronal expression of an scFv antibody selective for Aβ oligomers protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer models

Author: Maria Clara Selles, Juliana T.S. Fortuna, Magali C. Cercato, Luis Eduardo Santos, Luciana Domett, Andre L.B. Bitencourt, Mariane Favero Carraro, Amanda S. Souza, Helena Janickova, Caroline Vieira Azevedo, Henrique Correia Campos, Jorge M. de Souza, Soniza Alves-Leon, Vania F. Prado, Marco A.M. Prado, Alberto L. Epstein, Anna Salvetti, Beatriz Monteiro Longo, Ottavio Arancio, William L. Klein, Adriano Sebollela, Fernanda G. De Felice, Diana A. Jerusalinsky, Sergio T. Ferreira, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (HUCFF / UFRJ), Handicap neuromusculaire : Physiopathologie, Biothérapie et Pharmacologies appliquées (END-ICAP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Columbia University [New York], Northwestern University [Evanston], Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], 16/820,269, Northwestern University, NU, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, IRSC: PJT 159781, PJT 162431, Alzheimer Society, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP: 2014/25681-3, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Neurociência Translacional, INCT-INNT, International Society for Neurochemistry, ISN, S.T.F. and F.G.D.F. were supported by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ/Brazil), and National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (Brazil). S.T.F. and D.A.J. were jointly supported by a binational research grant from CNPq/CONICET. A. Sebollela was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant 2014/25681-3 . M.A.M.P. and V.F.P. received support from the Alzheimer’s Society of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, PJT 162431 and PJT 159781 ). A.L.B.B. received a predoctoral fellowship from CNPq. M.C.S. received predoctoral fellowships from CNPq and FAPERJ and travel grants from the International Society for Neurochemistry , Company of Biologists , and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior . We thank Drs. Moses Chao and Mauricio M. Oliveira for critical reading of the manuscript and discussions., S.T.F. and F.G.D.F. were supported by grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ/Brazil), and National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (Brazil). S.T.F. and D.A.J. were jointly supported by a binational research grant from CNPq/CONICET. A. Sebollela was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant 2014/25681-3. M.A.M.P. and V.F.P. received support from the Alzheimer's Society of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, PJT 162431 and PJT 159781). A.L.B.B. received a predoctoral fellowship from CNPq. M.C.S. received predoctoral fellowships from CNPq and FAPERJ and travel grants from the International Society for Neurochemistry, Company of Biologists, and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. We thank Drs. Moses Chao and Mauricio M. Oliveira for critical reading of the manuscript and discussions. M.C.S. D.A.J. and S.T.F. designed the study. A. Sebollela, W.L.K. and S.T.F. developed the recombinant NUsc1 scFv. D.A.J. A.L.E. A. Salvetti, and S.T.F. conceived constructs and vector development. M.C.S. J.T.S.F. M.C.C. L.E.S. L.D. A.L.B.B. M.F.C. A.S.S. H.J. C.V.A. and H.C.C. performed research. M.C.S. J.T.S.F. M.C.C. L.E.S. L.D. A.L.B.B. O.A. F.G.D.F. and S.T.F analyzed data. J.M.S. S.A.L. V.F.P. M.A.M.P. A.L.E. A. Salvetti, A. Sebollela, and W.L.K. contributed reagents, materials, and analysis tools. M.C.S. J.T.S.F. L.E.S. A.L.E. A. Salvetti, A. Sebollela, B.M.L, O.A. W.L.K. F.G.D.F. D.A.J. and S.T.F. analyzed and discussed the results. M.C.S. W.L.K. and S.T.F. wrote the manuscript with contributions from other authors. A patent application covering the use of AAV-NUsc1 in Alzheimer's disease has been filed with the USPTO (16/820,269, and pending) by Northwestern University with S.T.F. W.L.K. D.A.J. A. Sebollela, and M.C.S. as named inventors.
Subjects: memory, NUsc1, Pharmacology, AβOs, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Discovery, Genetics, Molecular Medicine, AAV, Alzheimer's disease, immuno-gene therapy, Molecular Biology, scFv
Abstract: International audience; The accumulation of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide (AβOs) in the brain has been implicated in synapse failure and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we initially show that treatment with NUsc1, a single-chain variable-fragment antibody (scFv) that selectively targets a subpopulation of AβOs and shows minimal reactivity to Aβ monomers and fibrils, prevents the inhibition of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and memory impairment induced by AβOs in mice. As a therapeutic approach for intracerebral antibody delivery, we developed an adeno-associated virus vector to drive neuronal expression of NUsc1 (AAV-NUsc1) within the brain. Transduction by AAV-NUsc1 induced NUsc1 expression and secretion in adult human brain slices and inhibited AβO binding to neurons and AβO-induced loss of dendritic spines in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Treatment of mice with AAV-NUsc1 prevented memory impairment induced by AβOs and, remarkably, reversed memory deficits in aged APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Alzheimer's disease model mice. These results support the feasibility of immunotherapy using viral vector-mediated gene delivery of NUsc1 or other AβO-specific single-chain antibodies as a potential therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease.
Published: 2022

10. Patient-reported outcomes in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant in the ACROSTUDY extension: A real-world experience

Author: Roberto Salvatori, Pietro Maffei, Susan M. Webb, Thierry Brue, Jane Loftus, Srinivas Rao Valluri, Roy Gomez, Michael P. Wajnrajch, Maria Fleseriu, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Marseille medical genetics - Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille (MMG), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'endocrinologie, diabète, maladies métaboliques [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Pfizer, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), and Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Endocrinology, Patient-reported outcomes, Human Growth Hormone, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Acromegaly, Pegvisomant, Quality of Life, ACROSTUDY, Humans, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: To report the effects of pegvisomant (PEGV) treatment on patient-reported outcomes in acromegaly patients.Methods: We conducted an extension study of an open-label, multinational, non-interventional study (ACROSTUDY) evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy of PEGV for acromegaly in routine clinical practice. Enrolled patients were rollover patients from ACROSTUDY, or treatment naïve/semi-naïve (NSN; no PEGV within 6 months of enrollment). Exploratory efficacy endpoints were changes in symptoms with the Patient-Assessed Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire (PASQ) and quality of life with the Acromegaly Quality of Life questionnaire (AcroQoL) analyzed by controlled or uncontrolled IGF-I levels. Results were analyzed in all patients, in NSN patient subgroup, and by diabetes status.Results: A total of 544 patients with acromegaly were enrolled, including 434 rollover subjects from ACROSTUDY and 110 NSN patients. Mean PEGV treatment duration was 7.8 years (range, 0-19.6 years). Overall, the majority of PASQ scores improved over time, but there was no significant difference between IGF-I controlled or uncontrolled groups. In the NSN subgroup, most PASQ and AcroQoL scores remained similar to baseline up to 1 year, regardless of IGF-I control. Patients with diabetes reported better PASQ scores over time with PEGV treatment, regardless of IGF-I control. IGF-I normalization increased from 10% of patients at baseline to more than 78% at year 10, with a mean daily PEGV dose of 18.7 mg.Conclusions: Overall, patients treated with PEGV had small improvements in PASQ. While IGF-I normalization increased with PEGV treatment, IGF-I control had no effects on PASQ and AcroQoL scores.
Published: 2022

11. The clinical course of comorbid substance use disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : protocol and clinical characteristics of the INCAS study

Author: Christoffer Brynte, Myriam Aeschlimann, Csaba Barta, Alex Hendikus Abraham Begeman, Amanda Bäcker, Cleo Lina Crunelle, Constanza Daigre, Laura De Fuentes-Merillas, Zsolt Demetrovics, Geert Dom, Lara Grau López, Romain Icick, Brian Johnson, Peter Joostens, Máté Kapitány-Fövény, Emily Karsinti, Falk Kiefer, Maija Konstenius, Frances R. Levin, Mathias Luderer, Wiebren Markus, Frieda Matthys, Franz Moggi, Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez, Maria Paraskevopoulou, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Arnt Schellekens, Leila M. Soravia, Norman Therribout, Anil Thomas, Geurt van de Glind, Michiel Willem van Kernebeek, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Florence Vorspan, Wim van den Brink, Johan Franck, Brussels University Consultation Center, Clinical sciences, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Mental Health and Wellbeing research group, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Bern, Semmelweis University [Budapest], De Hoop [Dordrecht, The Netherlands] (De Hoop ggz), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction [Nijmegen, the Netherlands] (NISPA ), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), University of Gibraltar [Gibraltar] (UG), University of Antwerp (UA), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen [Tienen, Belgium] (AZT), Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Heidelberg University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Radboudumc Nijmegen [The Netherlands], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), University of Applied Sciences [Utrecht] (HU), Amsterdam UMC - Amsterdam University Medical Center, Icick, Romain, Adult Psychiatry, and ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention
Subjects: Adult, Male, Substance-Related Disorders, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], 610 Medicine & health, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Cohort Studies, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, ADHD, Psychology, Prospective Studies, SUD, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Analgesics, Opioid, Observational Studies as Topic, comorbidity, Psychiatry and Mental health, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Female, Human medicine
Abstract: Background Substance use disorders (SUD) often co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the short-term effects of some specific interventions have been investigated in randomized clinical trials, little is known about the long-term clinical course of treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD. Aims This paper presents the protocol and baseline clinical characteristics of the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS) designed and conducted by the International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA) foundation. The overall aim of INCAS is to investigate the treatment modalities provided to treatment-seeking SUD patients with comorbid ADHD, and to describe the clinical course and identify predictors for treatment outcomes. This ongoing study employs a multicentre observational prospective cohort design. Treatment-seeking adult SUD patients with comorbid ADHD are recruited, at 12 study sites in nine different countries. During the follow-up period of nine months, data is collected through patient files, interviews, and self-rating scales, targeting a broad range of cognitive and clinical symptom domains, at baseline, four weeks, three months and nine months. Results A clinically representative sample of 578 patients (137 females, 441 males) was enrolled during the recruitment period (June 2017-May 2021). At baseline, the sample had a mean age (SD) of 36.7 years (11.0); 47.5% were inpatients and 52.5% outpatients; The most prevalent SUDs were with alcohol 54.2%, stimulants 43.6%, cannabis 33.1%, and opioids 14.5%. Patients reported previous treatments for SUD in 71.1% and for ADHD in 56.9%. Other comorbid mental disorders were present in 61.4% of the sample: major depression 31.5%, post-traumatic stress disorder 12.1%, borderline personality disorder 10.2%. Conclusions The first baseline results of this international cohort study speak to its feasibility. Data show that many SUD patients with comorbid ADHD had never received treatment for their ADHD prior to enrolment in the study. Future reports on this study will identify the course and potential predictors for successful pharmaceutical and psychological treatment outcomes. Trial registration ISRCTN15998989 20/12/2019.
Published: 2022

12. Tracking transitional probabilities and segmenting auditory sequences are dissociable processes in adults and neonates

Author: Lucia Melloni, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Shruti Naik, Ana Fló, Lucas Benjamin, M. Palu, Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine, Neural mechanisms of learning in the infant brain : from Statistics to Rules and Symbols - Babylearn - 695710 - INCOMING, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics [Frankfurt am Main], and European Project: 695710,Babylearn
Subjects: sequence learning, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, Mechanism (biology), Speech recognition, Transition (fiction), Cognitive Neuroscience, Subliminal stimuli, Automaticity, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Electroencephalography, neonates, language learning, Task (project management), statistical learning, [SCCO]Cognitive science, prosody, Similarity (psychology), medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Tracking (education), EEG
Abstract: International audience; Since speech is a continuous stream with no systematic boundaries between words, how do pre-verbal infants manage to discover words? A proposed solution is that they might use the transitional probability between adjacent syllables, which drops at word boundaries. Here, we tested the limits of this mechanism by increasing the size of the word-unit to four syllables, and its automaticity by testing asleep neonates. Using markers of statistical learning in neonates' EEG, compared to adult behavioral performances in the same task, we confirmed that statistical learning is automatic enough to be efficient even in sleeping neonates. We also revealed that: (1) Successfully tracking transition probabilities (TP) in a sequence is not sufficient to segment it. (2) Prosodic cues, as subtle as subliminal pauses, enable to recover words segmenting capacities. (3) Adults' and neonates' capacities to segment streams seem remarkably similar despite the difference of maturation and expertise. Finally, we observed that learning increased the overall similarity of neural responses across infants during exposure to the stream, providing a novel neural marker to monitor learning. Thus, from birth, infants are equipped with adult-like tools, allowing them to extract small coherent word-like units from auditory streams, based on the combination of statistical analyses and auditory parsing cues. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Successfully tracking transitional probabilities in a sequence is not always sufficient to segment it. Word segmentation solely based on transitional probability is limited to bi- or tri-syllabic elements. Prosodic cues, as subtle as subliminal pauses, enable to recover chunking capacities in sleeping neonates and awake adults for quadriplets.
Published: 2022

13. Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney

Author: Henry Brodaty, Anna M. Barron, Rachel A. Whitmer, Jürgen Götz, Akinori Nakamura, Simon M. Laws, Colin L. Masters, Kate Smith, Darren M. Lipnicki, Filippo Baldacci, Lisa J. Bain, Wendy Moyle, Cassandra Szoeke, Claire Sexton, Maria C. Carrillo, Christopher J. Barnum, Einar M. Sigurdsson, Peter R. Schofield, Fanny M. Elahi, Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Samantha C. Burnham, Susan M. Landau, Hanzhang Lu, Malú G. Tansey, Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, Velandai Srikanth, Donna M. Wilcock, Kaj Blennow, Yun-Hee Jeon, Perminder S. Sachdev, Christopher C. Rowe, Kaarin J. Anstey, Naren P. Rao, Giulio Maria Pasinetti, Tien Yin Wong, Alzheimer's Association, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, INmune Bio, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), University of Gothenburg (GU), The Australian e-Health Research centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Sydney, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Department of Psychiatry and National Ageing Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Edith Cowan University (ECU), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Brisbane, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences [Bagalore, India], Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Peninsula Clinical School, The University of Florida College of Medicine, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of Kentucky, Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Chercheur indépendant, Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), and University of Kentucky (UK)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Aging, Biomedical Research, Epidemiology, behavioral symptoms, Disease, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer&apos, 0302 clinical medicine, Global studies, prevention, Cognitive impairment, health care economics and organizations, Health Policy, Alzheimer's, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurological, Disease Progression, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, biomarkers, dementia, education, Clinical Sciences, Prodromal Symptoms, Alzheimer's disease research, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Alzheimer Disease, Lifestyle intervention, Behavioral and Social Science, medicine, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Healthy aging, Life Style, Australia, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, Increased risk, Geriatrics, Positron-Emission Tomography, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias.This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations.Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms underlying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; and through the Women's Healthy Aging Project have elucidated hormonal and other factors that contribute to the increased risk of AD in women. Alleviating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has also been a strong research and clinical focus in Australia.
Published: 2022

14. Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency intracranial EEG features

Author: Timothée Proix, Jaime Delgado Saa, Andy Christen, Stephanie Martin, Brian N. Pasley, Robert T. Knight, Xing Tian, David Poeppel, Werner K. Doyle, Orrin Devinsky, Luc H. Arnal, Pierre Mégevand, Anne-Lise Giraud, Department of Basic Neurosciences, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), New York University [Shanghai], NYU System (NYU), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, New York University [New York] (NYU), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was funded by EU FET-BrainCom project (A.G.), NCCR Evolving Language, Swiss National Science Foundation Agreement #51NF40_180888 (A.G.), NINDS R3723115 (R.T.K.), Swiss National Science Foundation project grant 163040 (A.G.), National Natural Science Foundation of China 32071099 (X.T.), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 20ZR1472100 (X.T.), Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities, Base B16018 (X.T.), NYU Shanghai Boost Fund (X.T.), Fondation Pour l’Audition FPA RD-2020-10 (L.A.), Swiss National Science Foundation career grant 167836 (P.M.), and Swiss National Science Foundation career grant 193542 (T.P.).
Subjects: Adult, Male, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Young Adult, Phonetics, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Speech, Electrodes, Language, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Brain, General Chemistry, Middle Aged, ddc:616.8, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Imagination, Female, Electrocorticography, Neuroscience
Abstract: Reconstructing intended speech from neural activity using brain-computer interfaces holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. While decoding overt speech has progressed, decoding imagined speech has met limited success, mainly because the associated neural signals are weak and variable compared to overt speech, hence difficult to decode by learning algorithms. We obtained three electrocorticography datasets from 13 patients, with electrodes implanted for epilepsy evaluation, who performed overt and imagined speech production tasks. Based on recent theories of speech neural processing, we extracted consistent and specific neural features usable for future brain computer interfaces, and assessed their performance to discriminate speech items in articulatory, phonetic, and vocalic representation spaces. While high-frequency activity provided the best signal for overt speech, both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contributed to imagined speech decoding, in particular in phonetic and vocalic, i.e. perceptual, spaces. These findings show that low-frequency power and cross-frequency dynamics contain key information for imagined speech decoding., Reconstructing imagined speech from neural activity holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. Here, the authors demonstrate using human intracranial recordings that both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contribute to imagined speech decoding.
Published: 2022
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15. Guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of hypolipidemia disorders

Author: Cindy Bredefeld, M. Mahmood Hussain, Maurizio Averna, Dennis D. Black, Mitchell F. Brin, John R. Burnett, Sybil Charrière, Charlotte Cuerq, Nicholas O. Davidson, Richard J. Deckelbaum, Ira J. Goldberg, Esther Granot, Robert A. Hegele, Shun Ishibashi, Wahida Karmally, Emile Levy, Philippe Moulin, Hiroaki Okazaki, Pierre Poinsot, Daniel J. Rader, Manabu Takahashi, Patrizia Tarugi, Maret G. Traber, Mathilde Di Filippo, Noel Peretti, Long Island University, Brooklyn (LIU Brooklyn), New York University Langone Medical Center (NYU Langone Medical Center), NYU System (NYU), Dipartimento Universitario di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza 'G. D'Alessandro' [Palerme, Italie] (PROMISE), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital [Memphis, TN, USA] (LBCH), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center [Memphis] (UTHSC), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Washington University School of Medicine [Saint Louis, MO], Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], Kaplan Medical Center [Rehovot, Israel], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Jichi Medical University [Tochigi-Ken, Japan], Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine / Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital [Montreal, Canada], Université de Montréal (UdeM)-CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), University of Pennsylvania, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Oregon State University (OSU), and CarMeN, laboratoire
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lipoproteins, Abetalipoproteinemia/diagnosis/genetics/therapy, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Homozygote, Chylomicron retention disease, Hypobetalipoproteinemias/diagnosis/genetics/therapy, Vitamins, Lipids, Abetalipoproteinemia, Familial hypocholesterolemia, Fat-soluble vitamins, Cholesterol, Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Internal Medicine, Humans, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Triglycerides
Abstract: The Abetalipoproteinemia and Related Disorders Foundation was established in 2019 to provide guidance and support for the life-long management of inherited hypocholesterolemia disorders. Our mission is "to improve the lives of individuals and families affected by abetalipoproteinemia and related disorders". This review explains the molecular mechanisms behind the monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemia disorders and details their specific pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management throughout the lifespan. In this review, we focus on abetalipoproteinemia, homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia and chylomicron retention disease; rare genetic conditions that manifest early in life and cause severe complications without appropriate treatment. Absent to low plasma lipid levels, in particular cholesterol and triglyceride, along with malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins are characteristic features of these diseases. We summarize the genetic basis of these disorders, provide guidance in their diagnosis and suggest treatment regimens including high dose fat-soluble vitamins as therapeutics. A section on preconception counseling and other special considerations pertaining to pregnancy is included. This information may be useful for patients, caregivers, physicians and insurance agencies involved in the management and support of affected individuals.
Published: 2022

16. A giant virus genome is densely packaged by stable nucleosomes within virions

Author: Terri D. Bryson, Pablo De Ioannes, Marco Igor Valencia-Sánchez, Jorja G. Henikoff, Paul B. Talbert, Rachel Lee, Bernard La Scola, Karim-Jean Armache, Steven Henikoff, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Subjects: Histones, Giant Viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virion, DNA, Genome, Viral, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Nucleosomes
Abstract: The two doublet histones of Marseillevirus are distantly related to the four eukaryotic core histones and wrap 121 base pairs of DNA to form remarkably similar nucleosomes. By permeabilizing Marseillevirus virions and performing genome-wide nuclease digestion, chemical cleavage, and mass spectrometry assays, we find that the higher-order organization of Marseillevirus chromatin fundamentally differs from that of eukaryotes. Marseillevirus nucleosomes fully protect DNA within virions as closely abutted 121-bp DNA-wrapped cores without linker DNA or phasing along genes. Likewise, we observed that nucleosomes reconstituted onto multi-copy tandem repeats of a nucleosome-positioning sequence are tightly packed. Dense promiscuous packing of fully wrapped nucleosomes rather than "beads on a string" with genic punctuation represents a distinct mode of DNA packaging by histones. We suggest that doublet histones have evolved for viral genome protection and may resemble an early stage of histone differentiation leading to the eukaryotic octameric nucleosome.
Published: 2022

17. Serotonergic regulation of the dopaminergic system: Implications for reward-related functions

Author: Cátia M. Teixeira, Edenia C. Menezes, Emmanuelle Courtiol, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Courtiol, Emmanuelle, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Serotonin, Cognitive Neuroscience, Dopamine, Biology, Optogenetics, Serotonergic, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Raphe, Dopaminergic Neurons, 05 social sciences, Dopaminergic, Ventral Tegmental Area, Ventral tegmental area, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Raphe nuclei, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Serotonin is a critical neuromodulator involved in development and behavior. Its role in reward is however still debated. Here, we first review classical studies involving electrical stimulation protocols and pharmacological approaches. Contradictory results on the serotonergic' involvement in reward emerge from these studies. These differences might be ascribable to either the diversity of cellular types within the raphe nuclei or/and the specific projection pathways of serotonergic neurons. We continue to review more recent work, using optogenetic approaches to activate serotonergic cells in the Raphe to VTA pathway. From these studies, it appears that activation of this pathway can lead to reinforcement learning mediated through the excitation of dopaminergic neurons by serotonergic neurons co-transmitting glutamate. Finally, given the importance of serotonin during development on adult emotion, the effect of abnormal early-life levels of serotonin on the dopaminergic system will also be discussed. Understanding the interaction between the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems during development and adulthood is critical to gain insight into the specific facets of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Published: 2021

18. Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Ajit S. Puri, Allan Taylor, Huynh Le Vu, Tatemi Todaka, Teddy Y. Wu, Octavio M. Pontes-Neto, Eytan Raz, Pedro Lylyk, Jasmine Johann, Roberta Novakovic, Hormuzdiyar H. Dasenbrock, Francisco Mont’Alverne, Nobuyuki Sakai, Melanie Walker, Hugh Stephen Winters, Ossama Mansour, Yohei Takenobu, Gregory Walker, Miki Fujimura, Saif Bushnaq, Odysseas Kargiotis, Nabeel Herial, Markus A Möhlenbruch, Malveeka Sharma, Hiroshi Tokimura, Maxim Mokin, Jean Raymond, Michael D. Hill, Amal Abou-Hamden, Leonardo Renieri, Serdar Geyik, Yuri Sugiura, Luisa Fonseca, Roberto Crosa, Fabricio O Lima, Ameer E Hassan, Viet Quy Nguyen, Jane G. Morris, Steven W. Hetts, Jawad F. Kirmani, Matthew S. Tenser, Muhammad M. Qureshi, Gianmarco Bernava, Mahmoud H Mohammaden, Verónica V. Olavarría, Jun Deguchi, André Beer-Furlan, Steve M. Cordina, Hiroshi Yamagami, Mohamad Abdalkader, Toshiyuki Fujinaka, Clifford J. Eskey, Rotem Sivan-Hoffmann, Hao Zhang, Anirudh Kulkarni, Brendan Steinfort, Özlem Aykaç, Barbara Voetsch, Alex Brehm, Italo Linfante, Wenguo Huang, Omer Eker, M. Luis Silva, Pascal Jabbour, Lissa Peeling, Mollie McDermott, Pascale Lavoie, Kazutaka Sonoda, Thomas Devlin, Alicia C. Castonguay, Jin Soo Lee, Diogo C Haussen, Dileep R. Yavagal, Thanh N. Nguyen, Umair Rashid, Vasu Saini, Raghid Kikano, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Masaaki Uno, Saima Ahmad, Artem Kaliaev, Eiji Hagashi, Ajay K. Wakhloo, Romain Bourcier, Ryoo Yamamoto, Jesse M. Thon, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Dorothea Altschul, Achmad Fidaus Sani, Satoshi Yamada, Varsha Singh, David S Liebeskind, Tatsuo Amano, Anchalee Churojana, Juan F. Arenillas, Junichi Iida, Charles C. Matouk, Nobuyuki Ohara, Osama O. Zaidat, Mario Martínez-Galdámez, Chandril Chugh, Don Frei, Vanessa Chalumeau, Brijesh P Mehta, Marios Psychogios, Anna Luisa Kühn, Leticia C Rebello, Xianjin Shang, Hosam Al-Jehani, Hiroki Fukuda, Hong Gee Roh, Gisele Sampaio Silva, Rakesh Khatri, Kenichi Todo, Amal Al Hashmi, Alex Bou Chebl, Sunil A Sheth, Zhongming Qiu, Oriana Cornett, Zhengzhou Yuan, Wazim Izzath, Hesham Masoud, Rodrigo Rivera, Michel Piotin, Vikram Huded, Mamoru Murakami, Mohamed Teleb, Viktor Szeder, Ruchir Shah, Dheeraj Gandhi, John Thornton, Michael Chen, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Nadia Hammami, Alice Ma, Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian, James E. Siegler, Seby John, Carlos Ynigo Lopez, Mudassir Farooqui, David Ozretić, Takuya Kanamaru, Romain Guile, Daisuke Watanabe, Kosuke Miyake, Alejandro Rodriguez Vasquez, Patrick Nicholson, Yuki Yamamoto, William J. Mack, Naoto Kimura, Simon Mathew John, Robert Fahed, Yuji Matsumaru, David Y. Chung, Rishi Gupta, Ryuhei Kono, Michael Frankel, Victor S. Lopez Rivera, Johanna T. Fifi, Raul G Nogueira, Paolo Machi, Tudor G. Jovin, Jordi Blasco, Emma Griffin, Salvatore Mangiafico, Masafumi Morimoto, Jun Luo, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Daniel Giansante Abud, Syed I. Hussain, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Yusuke Sugimura, Atilla Özcan Özdemir, Stephan A. Mayer, Sumeet Multani, Adel Alhazzani, Alhamza R Al-Bayati, Michael Kelly, Lee A Birnbaum, Shadi Yaghi, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Ji Man Hong, Junsuke Shimbo, Johnny Ho-Yin Wong, Elena A. Cora, Laura Mechtouff, Pedro S.C. Magalhães, Pablo M. Lavados, Yuichi Murayama, Dong Hun Shin, Simon Nagel, Ken Wong, Jose Antonio Fiorot, Jeremy Payne, Randall C. Edgell, Adrienne Weeks, CarMeN, laboratoire, Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital [Japon] (NHO Osaka National Hospital), Alexandria University [Alexandrie], Boston Medical Center [Boston, MA, USA] (BMC), Xinqiao Hospital [Chongqing, China] (XH), University of Cape Town, La Sagrada Familia Clinic/Clínica La Sagrada Familia [Buenos Aires, Argentina] (LSFC), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Hospital General de Fortaleza [Fortaleza, Brazil] (HGF), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust [UK], Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital [Kobe, Hyogo, Japan] (KCMCGH), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [Firenze, Toscana, Italy] (AOUC), University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU de Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi [Abou Dabi, Émirats arabes unis], Hôpital de Beaumont [Dublin, Ireland] (HB), Hospital-Estadual Central [Vitoria, Brazil] (HEC), Instituto de NeuroCirugía Asenjo, Institut national de neurologie Mongi-Ben Hamida [Tunis], Hue Central Hospital [Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam] (HCH), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), University of Washington [Seattle], Englewood Hospital and Medical Center [Englewood], Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), Westchester Medical Center [Valhalla, New York, USA] (WMC), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, MAX Superspecialty Hospital [Saket, New Delhi, India] (MSH), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), University of Toronto, NH Mazumdar Shah Medical Center [Bangalore, India] (NHMSMC), IMS Tokyo-Katsushika General Hospital [Tokyo, Japan], Gachon University [Seongnam, Korea] (GU), Hospital Municipal Sao Jose [Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil] (HMSJ), Lau Medical Center [Beirut, Lebanon] (LMC), University of Iowa [Iowa City], Royal Adelaide Hospital [Adelaide Australia], Kyorin University [Tokyo, Japan], Yokohama Brain and Spine Center [Yokohama, Japan] (YBSC), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Rambam Health Care Campus [Haifa, Israel], Centro Endovascular Neurologico Medica Uruguaya [Montevideo, Uruguay] (CENMU), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University [Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia] (IAFU), McGovern Medical School [Houston, TX, USA] (McGMS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Airlangga University [Jawa Timur, Indonesia] (AU), University of Massachusetts Medical School [Worcester] (UMASS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Beth Israel Lahey Health [Burlington, MA, USA] (BILH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Memorial Neuroscience Institute [Pembroke Pines, FL, USA] (MNI), Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital [Morioka, Iwate, Japan] (IPCH), Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital [Tokyo], Ajou University, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Saga-ken Medical Centre Koseikan [Saga, Japan] (SMCK), University of South Alabama, Konkuk University [Seoul], Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid [Castilla y León, Spain] (HCUV), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Hospital Clínic de Barcelona [Catalonia, Spain], Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João [Porto], Christchurch Hospital [Christchurch, New Zealand] (CH), University Hospital Basel [Basel], University of Southern California (USC), Kohnan Hospital - Sendai [Miyagi, Japan], University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Nara City Hospital [Nara, Japan] (NCH), Toyonaka Municipal Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (TMH), Kagoshima City Hospita [Kagoshima, Japan] (KCH), Texas Tech University System [Lubbock, TX, USA] (TTUS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [Camperdown, Australia] (RPAH), Banner Desert Medical Center [Mesa, AZ, USA] (BDMC), Japanese Red Cross Matsue Hospital [Shimane, Japan] (JRCMH), Shiroyama Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (SH), Niigata City General Hospital [Niigata, Japan] (NCGH), Sugimura Hospital [Kumamoto, Japan] (SH), Kawasaki Medical School [Kurashiki, Japan] (KMS), Osaka Red Cross Hospital [Osaka, Japan] (ORCH), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Saiseikai Central Hospital [Tokyo, Japan] (SCH), Kinikyo Chuo Hospital - Sapporo [Hokkaido, Japan] (KCHS), NTT Medical Center Tokyo [Tokyo, Japan] (NTTMCT), Yokohama Shintoshi Neurosurgical Hospital [Yokohama, Japan]. (YSNH), Osaka General Medical Center [Osaka, Japan] (OGMC), University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM), Bon Secours Mercy Health System [Toledo, OH, USA] (BSMHS), Maoming City Hospital [Guandong, China] (MCH), Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute [Miami, FL, USA] (MC&VI), Hackensack University Medical Center [Hackensack], David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Tennessee [Chattanooga] (UTC), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Mianyang 404 Hospital [Sichuan, China] (M404H), Siriraj Hosital - Mahidol University [Bangkok, Thailand] (SHMU), SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley [Harlingen, TX, USA] (UTRGV), Khoula Hospital [Muscat, Oman] (Ministry of Health - KH), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Henry Ford Health System [Detroit, MI, USA] (HFHS), Metropolitan Hospital [Piraeus, Greece] (MH), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Maine Medical Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center [Lebanon, NH, USA] (DHMC), Centro Universitário Feevale (BRAZIL), The Valley Hospital [Ridgewood, NJ, USA] (TVH), St Joseph's University Medical Center [Paterson, NJ, USA] (StJUMC), Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana [Punjab, India] (CMCHL), Universidad del Desarrollo, University Graduate School of Medicine [Osaka, Japan], Tokushima University, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Istanbul Aydin University [İstanbul, Turkey] (IAU), Swedish Medical Center [Englewood, CO, USA] (SMC), Bayhealth Medical Center [Dover, DE, USA] (BMC), Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital [Fukuoka, Japan] (SFGH), Osaka Rosai Hospital - Sakai [Osaka, Japan] (ORHS), King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), Mount Sinai Health System, University of Calgary, Huzhou University [Zhejiang], The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University - Luzhou [Sichuan, China] (TAHSMUL), Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College [Wuhu, Anhui, China] (YHWMC), University of Toledo, WellStar Health System [Marietta, GA, USA] (WHS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), SVIN COVID-19 Registry, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization (MENA-SINO), Japanese Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Society (JVIN), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Yale University School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / diagnostic imaging, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Intracranial Aneurysm* / therapy, lcsh:RC346-429, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Myocardial infarction, Prospective Studies, Stroke, Original Research, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Treatment Outcome, Intracranial Aneurysm* / diagnostic imaging, Cardiology, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, haemorrhage, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Subgroup analysis, subarachnoid, Intracranial Aneurysm* / epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Aneurysm, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, coil, cardiovascular diseases, Pandemics, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Intracranial Aneurysm, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, infection, nervous system diseases, Mechanical thrombectomy, Cross-Sectional Studies, aneurysm, Neurology (clinical), Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* / epidemiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study’s objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March–31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March–31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.FindingsThere was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI −24.3% to −20.7%, pInterpretationThere was a relative decrease in the volume of SAH hospitalisations, aneurysmal SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm embolisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings in SAH are consistent with a decrease in other emergencies, such as stroke and myocardial infarction.
Published: 2021

19. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: economic, regulatory, and policy implications

Author: Leonardo Trasande, Barbara A. Demeneix, Miquel Porta, Laura N. Vandenberg, Christopher D. Kassotis, Rémy Slama, Duke University [Durham], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation (PhyMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute [Barcelone, Espagne] (IMIM), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), College of Global Public Health [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), and BARBAGALLO, Maïlys
Subjects: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cost society, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Endocrine Disruptors, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Environmental planning, health care economics and organizations, Extramural, business.industry, Health Policy, Environmental Exposure, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Human exposure, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Test requirements, Environmental Pollutants, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, business, International agency
Abstract: International audience; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) substantially cost society as a result of increases in disease and disability but—unlike other toxicant classes such as carcinogens—have yet to be codified into regulations as a hazard category. This Series paper examines economic, regulatory, and policy approaches to limit human EDC exposures and describes potential improvements. In the EU, general principles for EDCs call for minimisation of human exposure, identification as substances of very high concern, and ban on use in pesticides. In the USA, screening and testing programmes are focused on oestrogenic EDCs exclusively, and regulation is strictly risk-based. Minimisation of human exposure is unlikely without a clear overarching definition for EDCs and relevant pre-marketing test requirements. We call for a multifaceted international programme (eg, modelled on the International Agency for Research in Cancer) to address the effects of EDCs on human health—an approach that would proactively identify hazards for subsequent regulation.
Published: 2020

20. Autoantibody-mediated impairment of DNASE1L3 activity in sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus

Author: Robert R. Clancy, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Peter M. Izmirly, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Asiya Seema Chida, Johannes Hartl, Stefano Volpi, Claudia Bracaglia, Gregg J. Silverman, Benjamin Sally, Ignacio Sanz, Mimi Y. Kim, Oriana A. Perez, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Ali Rashidfarrokhi, Chetna Soni, Boris Reizis, Yueyang Wang, Ivan Caiello, H. Michael Belmont, Vanja Sisirak, Jill P. Buyon, Lee Serpas, New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Immunology from Concept and Experiments to Translation (ImmunoConcept), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], and Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Lupus nephritis, Inbred C57BL, Severity of Illness Index, Transgenic, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Autoantibodies, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids, Child, DNA, Endodeoxyribonucleases, Female, HEK293 Cells, HMGB1 Protein, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Lupus Nephritis, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, Antinuclear, Immunology and Allergy, skin and connective tissue diseases, biology, 3. Good health, Antibody, Nephritis, Knockout, Immunology, HMGB1, Insights, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, medicine, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Lupus erythematosus, Lupus Erythematosus, business.industry, Anti-dsDNA antibodies, Systemic, Autoantibody, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Loss-of-function mutations in DNaseL13, the enzyme that restricts the amount of microparticle-associated DNA, cause SLE in humans and mice. In this issue of JEM, Hartl et al. uncover a reduction in plasma DNASE1L3 enzymatic activity due to the presence of autoantibodies in patients with non-familial SLE., Loss-of-function mutations in DNaseL13, the enzyme that restricts the amount of microparticle-associated DNA, cause SLE in humans and mice. In this issue of JEM, Hartl et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201138) uncover a reduction in plasma DNASE1L3 enzymatic activity due to the presence of autoantibodies in patients with nonfamilial SLE.
Published: 2020

21. Polio vaccine samples not linked to AIDS

Author: Shirley Kwok, Claudio Basilico, Jean-Pierre Vartanian, Philippe Blancou, Nicole Chenciner, Cindy Christopherson, Simon Wain-Hobson, Rétrovirologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Roche Molecular Systems, and New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Pan troglodytes, MESH: Africa, Kidney, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, MESH: HIV-1, Polio vaccine, law, MESH: Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cells, Cultured, Polymerase chain reaction, Multidisciplinary, Poliovirus, MESH: Macaca, Vaccination, Lentivirus, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, MESH: Cercopithecus, Drug Contamination, MESH: Cells, Cultured, Pan troglodytes, MESH: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Cercopithecus, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, MESH: Humans, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Kidney, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: DNA, Viral, MESH: Drug Contamination, MESH: Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Africa, DNA, Viral, Immunology, HIV-1, Macaca, Enterovirus
Abstract: A search through the archives clears early vaccines of starting the AIDS pandemic. It has been suggested that chimpanzee kidney cultures may have been used in the preparation of oral polio vaccine stocks used in Africa during the late 1950s, and so could have introduced the primate precursor of the immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 into humans1,2. Here we analyse frozen samples of the suspect vaccine by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify any HIV-1-related nucleic acids or chimpanzee mitochondrial DNA that might be present, but we have failed to detect either. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that HIV-1 was introduced by oral vaccination against poliovirus.
Published: 2001

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21 results on '"New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine)"'

1. ETV3 and ETV6 enable monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells by repressing macrophage fate commitment

2. Activation of Nod2 signalling upon Norovirus infection enhances antiviral immunity and susceptibility to colitis

3. Optical coherence tomography in coronary atherosclerosis assessment and intervention

4. Macromolecular crowding limits growth under pressure

5. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform 2 that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma

6. Loss of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation contributes to cognitive and neurocentric damages of the amyloid-β pathway

7. Autophagie et co-infection

8. A large, curated, open-source stroke neuroimaging dataset to improve lesion segmentation algorithms

9. AAV-mediated neuronal expression of an scFv antibody selective for Aβ oligomers protects synapses and rescues memory in Alzheimer models

10. Patient-reported outcomes in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant in the ACROSTUDY extension: A real-world experience

11. The clinical course of comorbid substance use disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : protocol and clinical characteristics of the INCAS study

12. Tracking transitional probabilities and segmenting auditory sequences are dissociable processes in adults and neonates

13. Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney

14. Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency intracranial EEG features

15. Guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of hypolipidemia disorders

16. A giant virus genome is densely packaged by stable nucleosomes within virions

17. Serotonergic regulation of the dopaminergic system: Implications for reward-related functions

18. Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

19. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: economic, regulatory, and policy implications

20. Autoantibody-mediated impairment of DNASE1L3 activity in sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus

21. Polio vaccine samples not linked to AIDS

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