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This study adopts a multiple-case study design to address 'Does copyright law protect automated news, and if so, how' in three jurisdictions: the United States, the European Union and China. Through doctrinal legal analysis of the copyright laws and document analysis of policy reports, corporate responses and other empirical evidence, this study has found that the three copyright regimes differ substantively with regard to both formal texts and informal enforcement of copyright claims to artificial intelligence (AI)-generated news. In the United States, there has been a policy silence. In the European Union (EU), eager regulators have rushed to enact premature laws and failed policy patchwork. In China, the state is instrumentalising both laws and journalism to further its own interests. These findings suggest that current regulatory frameworks in all cases have led to a weakening of the institution of copyright, which, in turn, has contributed to the deinstitutionalisation of journalism and the institutionalisation of algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes policy discussion regarding key developments in the national organization of the Swedish academic career during the period 1955–2020. In the 1950s, the academic career was highly regulated and state-planned with a few exclusive academic positions. In 2020, it has become essentially deregulated with universities themselves establishing employment positions. Four key developments are identified: the emergence of parallel careers, the expansion of external research funding, the dramatic increase in professors, and the deregulation of national policy on academic careers. The national policy discussions underpinning these developments are analysed with the help of a theoretical framework for explaining different types of institutional change. The paper shows that changes to the Swedish academic career were undertaken gradually over time, mainly by the layering of new rules over or alongside existing ones as a supplement. In addition, the paper shows that some problems with the academic career have been discussed repeatedly and that even where solutions have been set out, the problems seem to persist.

Introduction: Administrative corruption is a global problem and the biggest obstacle to reform in any country and the biggest obstacle to progress. Corruption is the violation of existing laws to secure personal interests and profits, and it is often referred to as a severe organizational disease. This research seeks to identify the moral and cultural rules and norms underlying administrative corruption in Iran based on the theory of modern institutionalism. Material and Methods: This research is of qualitative type and in terms of method, "qualitative content analysis" and data collection method is also based on "review of documents". The research community included cases related to administrative corruption in the courts of Tehran province, which were investigated and resulted in conviction. Among them, 19 cases were randomly selected. Data were analyzed by coding method. Results: The findings of the research showed the impact of 19 open codes, which the researcher classified into 4 core code categories, and the conceptual model of the research was formed. Conclusion: The results of this research show that "individualistic and materialistic institutional environment", "corrupting institutional environment", "legitimization" and "institutionalized organizational corruption" are considered as factors and institutional norms underlying administrative corruption in Iran. To deal with and prevent administrative corruption in society, organizations should be institutionalized based on moral values and administrative health beliefs.

In May 2020, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) was presented as a unique instrument, due to its ambition, form, and the mechanisms with which it is equipped. Both the EU institutions and the epistemic and administrative communities in the field of European affairs saw it as a path-breaking instrument in the implementation of EU policies. This article analyses this hypothesis, and whether the RRF has the potential to generate a new path dependency in the EU’s distributional policy mode. It looks at the elements of the EU’s coordination mechanism through the RRF, as well as the aspects that set it apart from other EU policies, especially the EU Cohesion Policy. Also, primary evidence relating to Romania’s experience in drafting the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, and in implementing it, is presented and discussed from the perspective of the adjustments required by the specific approach of the RRF.

As people access news via digital platforms, existing literature provides foundations for institutional approaches to news organizations' platform dependency. Yet, platform dependency also exists on a spectrum: size, business model, and market position impact how each news organization strategizes its reliance on digital platforms. I draw on in-depth interviews with 22 South Korean news professionals to delve into different survival strategies in dealing with South Korea's biggest search portal and news aggregator, Naver. Findings reveal that contrary to the common belief, journalists in legacy news organizations experience more pressure and compromise journalistic values with clickbait headlines. They deem their relationship with the platform more in hierarchical and inevitable terms while journalists from new, emerging organizations are relatively freer from the competition for clicks and strive for more quality journalism. However, the difference stems from the Naver platform's news organization ranking system and its tiered visibility structure that systematically creates the difference in audience reach and news distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational Studies (1673-1298) is the property of Journal of Educational Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In May 2020, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) was presented as a unique instrument, due to its ambition, form, and the mechanisms with which it is equipped. Both the EU institutions and the epistemic and administrative communities in the field of European affairs saw it as a path-breaking instrument in the implementation of EU policies. This article analyses this hypothesis, and whether the RRF has the potential to generate a new path dependency in the EU’s distributional policy mode. It looks at the elements of the EU’s coordination mechanism through the RRF, as well as the aspects that set it apart from other EU policies, especially the EU Cohesion Policy. Also, primary evidence relating to Romania’s experience in drafting the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, and in implementing it, is presented and discussed from the perspective of the adjustments required by the specific approach of the RRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although for millennia the Mediterranean has facilitated the exchange of goods and people, in recent decades, it has been treated as a border between continents, nations and supranational institutions, with the European Union on one side and MENA region on the other. Yet pressing issues related to migration, climate change and pollution reveal problems with the border approach. In 1995, the Barcelona Process culminated in the creation of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) and the UfM Urban Agenda in an attempt to better connect countries around the Mediterranean. To concretise this agenda, TU Delft and the authors of this text were invited to work with DG-Regio, UNESCO, the EIB (European Investment Bank), and the ministries in charge of spatial planning in Member States, to draft the UfM Strategic Action Plan for Sustainable Urban Development. The goal of the Action Plan is to enhance the strategic and integrative value of spatial planning interventions in each country. Based on the personal reflections of the authors and the detailed communication with the institutions involved in the making of the plan, the article presents the history and the conceptual framework of the making of the UfM Strategic Action Plan. It concludes by highlighting the hurdles that the UfM Strategic Action Plan faces as a new transnational policy framework for the transfer of policy from the European Union to the MENA region (Middle East and the North of Africa). Such challenges are not only based on content, but they are also related to the frames and structures within which policy is developed and exchanged.

Within global health and development, dissatisfaction with nongovernmental organisations’ effectiveness (NGOs) is an increasingly pervasive aspect of programming. Today, the international community no longer accepts that NGOs are doing what they claim. This change in expectations has emphasised the importance of measuring organisational effectiveness for improved health and development impact. Using New Institutionalism as a theoretical framework, we investigated how institutional norms and expectations influence the adoption of structures and processes by NGOs, and Early Childhood Development (ECD) programming effectiveness in Rwanda – since little research connects these concepts. We employed qualitative methods: 45 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions. Findings revealed a misalignment of ‘organizational effectiveness’ across scales, from global to local. Findings stress that, effectiveness, though an expectation of the institutional environment, may not be a valid construct for NGOs, generating implications for ECD programming. Findings also indicate measurement of global health interventions generally and the notion of effectiveness specifically can yield adverse implications for ECD programming. These findings are relevant for researchers and practitioners trying to better understand organisational effectiveness for ECD programmes because they suggest that effectiveness is socially constructed and measured differently across the different scales.

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Path dependence has become a multi-disciplinary concept, employed across various literatures to explain why the past matters for decision-making. Debate within 'new institutionalist' scholarship has provided a detailed critique of the term over several decades. Some scholars argue that it is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and highlight its limitations in explaining institutional reform. Yet, this paper demonstrates how neglecting antecedent conditions and associated decision pathways is particularly inappropriate for politico-spatial issues like disaster risk and natural resource governance. Doing so risks omitting key material and perceptual contingencies influencing contemporary institutions. Examining southeast Queensland's flooding disaster of 2011, the paper proposes that path contingency provides a useful theoretical bridge between institutionalist theories of stability and reform, and the geographic contexts within which disaster risk governance proceeds. The analysis then addresses the potential generalisability of path contingency beyond its application to disaster management, for consideration across a broader range of institutionalist research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop and empirically test hypotheses about the diffusion of imported management practices in Turkey. We emphasize the sociopolitical legitimacy of these practices and present hypotheses as to timing, motivations, and self-promotion. We test these hypotheses with quantitative data on Total Quality Management (TQM) adoption by industrial companies in Turkey. Findings reveal that elite companies adopt TQM earlier on, self-report greater levels of sociopolitically driven legitimacy concerns, and are more likely to participate in a prestigious quality award contest. Overall, our study contributes to diffusion research guided by the new institutional approach by expanding existing models to the diffusion of imported practices across organizations in late-industrializing recipient countries. We particularly show that sociopolitical legitimacy of imported practices that is more characteristic of late-industrializing recipient contexts may generate a divergent pattern of diffusion whereby elite organizations emerge as early adopters and engage in brandishing adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The author aims to find value relevance of board characteristics and ownership structures in the banking industry of Bangladesh, an emerging economy with absence of good governance. Design/methodology/approach – Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) methods have been utilized to analyse 5-year data of 28 listed banks. Findings – All governance indicators except institutional ownership have insignificant impact on return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Institutional ownership has significant negative impact indicating that institutional investors can worsen bank performance in unregulated environments. Additional analysis shows significant positive impact of higher institutional ownership ratios. Research limitations/implications – Small sample from a single industry of one country may limit the applicability of the findings to all developing economies. Practical implications – During the fast growth periods of developing economies, institutional investors with small stakes may become value destructive due to speculative behaviour. Originality/value – This is one of the pioneering studies to suggest that governance mechanisms have insignificant, in some instances adverse, impact on firm value in emerging economies.

The concept of resource curse is widely accepted in the extant literature. However, the burden of proof remains high as some resource‐rich countries experience rapid economic growth. This study examines how Nigeria's strategy for governance and management of revenue proceeds from petroleum resources has helped sustain rent‐seeking behavior, the resource curse phenomenon, and under‐development of the country. Using the theory of new institutionalism and a process‐tracing method, the article argues that political and historical dynamics in establishing legislation for governance and management of oil and gas revenues engendered path‐dependent rent‐seeking practices sustained by selfish political elites. The resource curse is not universal or inevitable in resource‐rich countries, but largely a product of institutionalization and sustenance of initial unhealthy practices. We recommend that recognizing the need for savings, stabilization, and investment, and setting clear fiscal rules to check excessive political discretion will reduce rent seeking and the resource curse in Nigeria and elsewhere. Related Articles: Ali, Hamid E., and Shahjahan Bhuiyan. 2022. "Governance, Natural Resources Rent, and Infrastructure Development: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa." Politics & Policy 50(2): 408–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12451. Ikeanyibe, Okechukwu M. 2018. "Bureaucratic Politics and the Implementation of Liberalization Reforms in Nigeria: A Study of the Unbundling and Reorganization of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation." Politics & Policy 46(2): 263–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12249. Mähler, Annegret. 2011. "Oil in Venezuela: Triggering Conflicts or Ensuring Stability? A Historical Comparative Analysis." Politics & Policy 39(4): 583–611. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00305.x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions are pressured to use data for university rankings, accreditation, decision making, and technical support of students and faculty. However, these organizations also experience barriers and resistance to such data-driven aspirations. Rather than simply focusing on the whole organization, this research attends to variations in organizational subunits and asks what processes help and hinder data use. It pays attention to the puzzle of how data use variation can lead to effective subunits just as data fragmentation contributes to ineffective systems. Although universities may create centralized coordinating bodies, the structural and cultural bases of loosely coupled university subunits may upset these efforts. Using the case of a university attempting to centralize its data systems, we employ in-depth interviews of senior and mid-level administrators to understand why technical changes happen within specific subunits even as only ceremonial changes happen for the larger organization. This suggests new insights for interrogating how loose and tight coupling can co-exist in the same organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many cities, there has been renewed interest over the last 30 years in densification as part of wider efforts to combat urban sprawl. In daily practice, however, densification is a contested process because of its redistributive effects. Next to potential environmental advantages, it produces both benefits and losses for different individuals and households. The redistributive effects are an expression of conflicts between environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability. We show that the latter is heavily impacted: if densification projects are not designed to the needs of people who are actually supposed to benefit from it—the residents—low-income groups are at risk of social displacement. This scenario is highly unsustainable. By using a neo-institutional approach and comparative case study methodology conducted in Switzerland, we analyze the institutional rules and the involved actors' strategies when dealing with densification projects. We explain the mechanisms leading to the loss of social qualities when competing with economic interests of investors and authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that the Catholic Church has difficulties to make radical reforms. In the past, the tendency not to accept radical changes has been mainly due to the process of bureaucratization introduced by the Council of Trent and further developed in the next centuries, in combination with the strengthening of the Pope's power. The Second Vatican Council represented a first and ambitious trial to change the bureaucratic form of the Church, but it has produced very poor results in terms of structural changes. The changes are so difficult to introduce also because of the wide internal heterogeneity of a global organization, which operates in many different cultural and religious environments. In this context, the Pope's choice to postpone structural reforms and to promote instead the peaceful internal coexistence of innovators and conservatives and a reinforcement of his own media exposure seems quite understandable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how common property is produced and delineated in contractual communities in China. Shanghai, one of the most developed Chinese cities with a burgeoning housing market, is used as a case study. The research analyses the power relations between land, construction and housing departments within Shanghai district governments and with developers, specifically, during the development phases of land leasing, construction permission and ownership registration. Drawing on the theoretical framework of new institutionalism, and its conception of path dependency in urban space, the article sheds light on what has led to the infringement on homeowners' common property by developers. In a weak legal and regulatory system for property development, the departments within district governments shirk responsibility to each other, whereas developers hold considerable power. The article concludes that common property bears the imprint of power dynamics set in motion in the development phase and thus requires greater recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTThis article presents a quantitative method for mapping semantic spaces and tracing political frames’ trajectories, that facilitate the analysis of the connections between changes in ideas and socio-political phenomena. We test our approach in Spain, where the Catalan conflict fostered a competition in terms of decontestation of meanings of key political concepts. Using unsupervised machine learning, we track the salience, level of semantic fragmentation and fluctuations in meanings of 216 frames in the two largest Spanish newspapers, El País and El Mundo, throughout 8 years. This is achieved via the extraction, vectorization, and comparison of over 70,000 words. We apply Latent Semantic Analysis, an innovative methodology for the alignment of semantic spaces, and new institutional theory. Our exploratory study suggests that the evolution of many nationalism-related frames resembles a punctuated equilibrium model, and that political events in Catalonia, acted as critical junctures, altering the meanings reflected in the Spanish press.

Although researchers have examined organizational sustainability practices, a specific interpretation of local government green development practices remains for supplemental analysis. This study conducted an empirical survey of 53 local officials from departments related to green development to understand the key processes and practices of green development behavior of local governments in China. The key findings indicate that the main stakeholders involved in the green development practices of Chinese local governments consist of enterprises and residents. In part, local government green development practices emphasize the greening of enterprises, especially in the step of process environmental regulation. The new institutionalism theory and the organizational process research provide dependable insights into green development behaviors. Our findings further shed light on the process of cross-sectoral cooperation across local government departments in green development, contributing to local multi-sectoral interactions for regional green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Educational Studies (1673-1298) is the property of Journal of Educational Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks from a new institutionalist theoretical perspective. The worsening climate crisis has made the existing Linear Economic (LE) system dysfunctional; thus, a need for systemic change has emerged across the globe. As a result of this need, the idea of Circular Economy (CE) has gained popularity. The CE particularly aims to replace the linearity in economic actions originating from the LE's "take-make-use-dispose" logic with the circularity of economic actions constructed through a "recycle-reuse-reduce" logic. At this point, the transformation of industrial parks to eco-industrial parks in line with the CE principles constitutes a useful case to see how the idea of the CE can be institutionalized. The study argues that the market actors cannot effectively initiate this transformation due to their short-run interest calculations and path-dependence on the existing LE system. On the other hand, the state with its strong institutional power could play a catalyst role accelerating this transformation process. In particular, the state could provide regulative, financial, technological, and societal network support to the market actors to deal with their dependence on the LE system. However, the state should become entrepreneurial, but not interventionist in this process. It should have a horizontal governance approach and put infrastructural help, communication, networks and learning at the centre. This means that the state should become a path-opener but not the dominator of the mentioned transformation process. Therefore, rather than obsessive ideological debates over the state versus the market, the focal point should be the proper functionality of the state and market in the establishment of a sustainable circular system to cope with the worsening climate crisis. Bu çalışma, endüstri parklarının eko-endüstriyel parklara dönüşümünü yeni kurumsalcı teorik bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Kötüleşen iklim krizi, mevcut Lineer Ekonomik (LE) sistemi işlevsiz hale getirdiğinden dünya genelinde sistemik bir değişim ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu ihtiyacın bir sonucu olarak Döngüsel Ekonomi (DE) fikri popülerlik kazanmıştır. DE, özellikle LE'nin "al-yap-kullan-at" mantığından kaynaklanan ekonomik eylemlerdeki doğrusallığı, "geri dönüştür-yeniden kullan-azalt" mantığı üzerine inşa edilen döngüsel ekonomik eylemler ile değiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu noktada endüstri parklarının DE ilkeleri doğrultusunda eko-endüstriyel parklara dönüştürülmesi DE fikrinin nasıl kurumsallaştırılabileceğini görmek için yararlı bir örnek oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, piyasa aktörlerinin kısa vadeli çıkar hesapları ve mevcut LE sistemine olan yapısal patika bağımlılıkları nedeniyle bu dönüşümü etkin bir şekilde başlatamadıklarını iddia etmektedir. Öte yandan, etkin kurumsal gücü ile devlet, bu dönüşüm sürecini hızlandıran bir katalizör rolü oynayabilir. Özellikle devlet, LE sistemine bağımlılıklarının üstesinden gelmeleri için piyasa aktörlerine yasal, finansal, teknolojik ve toplumsal ağ desteği sağlayabilir. Ancak devlet bu süreçte girişimci olmalı ama müdahaleci olmamalıdır. Yatay bir yönetişim yaklaşımına sahip olmalı ve bu yaklaşımın merkezine altyapısal yardım, iletişim, sosyal ağlar ve öğrenmeyi koymalıdır. Bu, devletin söz konusu dönüşüm sürecinde hükmeden değil patika açıcı olması gerektiği anlamına gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, devlet mi yoksa piyasa mı sorusuna takılmış saplantılı ideolojik tartışmalardan ziyade, kötüleşen iklim krizi ile etkili bir mücadele için gerekli sürdürülebilir döngüsel bir sistemin geliştirilmesinde odak noktası devlet ve piyasaya uygun işlevselliğin kazandırılması olmalıdır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By relating conversation analysis (CA), in particular CA research on institutional interaction to such research traditions as sociological institutionalism, new materialism, and ritual theory, the article illustrates how CA scholarship can contribute to macrosociological theorizing. This argument is illustrated by how national parliaments are organized as institutions. The main point made in the article is that occasions of what CA calls institutional interaction should be considered as rituals. Although those occasions are scripted ceremonial performances wherein social pressure, material conditions, or avoidance of punishment make actors conform, they still play a role in constituting social order by making participants honor the rules and principles codified in an organization’s frontstage events. The article also underlines that organizational arrangements do not determine what actors can say or do, but they impose limits and conditions on people’s conduct. Finally, the paper suggests that it is through such arrangements of institutional interaction that social structure is created, maintained, and naturalized.

Copyright of Studia Migracyjne Przegląd Polonijny is the property of Wydzial Studiow Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych UJ oraz Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of the broader intellectual movement throughout the social sciences that is centered on new institutionalism, the institution-based view has emerged as a leading perspective in the strategic management literature. This article (1) traces the emergence of the institution-based view, (2) reviews its growth in the last two decades, and (3) responds to three of its major criticisms. We also identify four promising research directions—deglobalization and sanctions, competitive dynamics, hybrid organizations, and corporate social responsibility. Overall, we demonstrate that the thriving research on institutions has culminated in an institution-based paradigm, which has significant potential for future growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an explanatory framework of institutional change in intergovernmental relations. Using new institutionalism, we focus on a main explanatory factor—the players' perceptions of their own accountability and that of others. Integrating the concepts of multiple accountability and felt accountability, we develop the concept of an accountability gap, meaning differences between the perceptions of players in the central government about their responsibility to provide local services and the perceptions of players at the local level about their responsibilities. Our claim is that perceptual gaps concerning accountability in a two‐tiered or multi‐tiered system may influence their interests, strategies, and behavior and hence determine the timing and pace of specific institutional changes. We illustrate the theoretical framework by examining how Spain managed the COVID‐19 pandemic. Related Articles: Aguado, N. Alexander. 2018. "Mayor‐Council Form of Government and Policy Responses in Times of Economic Travail." Politics & Policy 46(5): 714–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12273. French, Edward P., and Doug Goodman. 2011. "Local Government Human Resource Management Past, Present, and Future: Revisiting Hays and Kearney's Anticipated Changes a Decade Later." Politics & Policy 39(5): 761–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00312.x. Kwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. "Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas." Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous impact of the international institutions and organizations on the world economic order would not be repudiated. One of them is the World Bank (WB). Bank was established for the purpose of reconstruction of the Western Europe, which was destroyed subsequent to the Second World War, and it also has the characteristic of being an institution determining the development discourses in the world. Bank specifies its development discourse in line with the evolution of the economic theories. On the other hand, it also contributes to the evolution of the economic theory by means of the development discourses it composes. Therefore, it is possible to make mention about the existence of a two-way process between development discourse of the Bank and the evolution of economic theories. This two-way process has been illuminated in this study. It has been demonstrated that Bank has developed a discourse in parallel with the basic principles of Neoclassical theory, Keynesian theory, Harrod-Domar growth model and Neo-Marxist theory from its foundation until the mid-1960s. Since the 1970s, Bank has adopted a discourse based on neoliberal theory as a result of the Keynesian theory's responseless to the particular structural problems. The rise of the New Institutional Theory in the 1990s brought about Bank's adoption of discourse which focuses on the state-market cooperation. It would be feasible to claim that Bank has carved out a discourse which hinges on sustainable development in period from the 2000s to the present. However, it is thought that the discourse being constituted both in 1990s and in 2000s has not been parted from the core of the neoliberal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this critical case study, we had the opportunity to observe how institutional forces and human agency represented by organisational actors' shared perception of identity negotiate their differences over their definitions of quality in higher education. In other words, we examined how the organisational identity of a research university interplayed with the forces that exist in the so-called neoliberal institutional environment. By doing that, we aimed to contribute to the theoretical debate over the microfoundations of new institutionalism, practice of higher education policy making/implementation, and convergence/divergence processes. Exploring the role of organisational identity as an intraorganisational element, this study shows that organisational identity can act as a powerful filter that reduces interaction with institutional field and buffers isomorphic pressures or can change manifesting itself as shifting identity labels. Our findings also suggest that change initiatives are not directly translated into organisational practices and new identity claims are not immediately embraced by organisational members. It has also been evidenced that a further and more comprehensive understanding of identity labels and central elements of organisational identity and how each is influenced in the sensemaking process is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on theories of affect, emotion, and new institutionalism, we analyze discourse around the right-wing terrorist attack in Hanau, Germany, to identify the different ways in which emotions and affect circulate on legacy media and Twitter and how they help establish varying emotional communities. Building upon an understanding of journalism as an affective institution, our article takes a close look at how journalism attempts to assert its role in public spheres not only by circulating information but also by providing emotional interpretations of events. Journalism’s emotional interpretations, however, do not remain unchallenged. With the emergence of the hybrid media system, users engage in various forms of interaction on social media platforms, forming “affective publics” by connecting through their affective reactions to current issues and events. In these interactions, distinct emotional communities may emerge, built around performative, political emotions. Our data comprises various news shows aired on the German public service broadcaster ARD as well as a dataset of tweets about #Hanau that were collected in the immediate aftermath of the attack. The results of our mixed-methods analysis reveal that different performances of grief played a central role both on TV news and on social media. On TV, grief was nationally connotated and aimed at uniting Germany’s population. On social media, it fueled anti-racist activism, as seen on the hashtag #SayTheirNames, honoring the victims of the attack.

This comment discusses on how legal change can originate from society and the private sphere. It argues that Hesselink’s perspective is too strongly oriented on public sphere and ignores the societal sphere including its transformative potential. The comment centres the concept of private law institutions and institutional change that is a core element in both Katharina Pistor’s diagnosis on coding of capital in law and Martijn Hesselink’s related proposal to reform private law institutions through a comprehensive principle-oriented code. The comment first introduces the idea of legal institutionalism in Pistor and Hesselink to then add to it an additional perspective from a new institutional theory that identifies the transformative potential within the social institutions themselves. It is then argued that the law, rather than being in need of radical change, needs to be radical in being responsive to the societal institutions. The contribution concludes by outlining on the basis of three examples – contract, tort and private international law – how societally responsive private law institutions can look like.

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Copyright of Unternehmung: Swiss Journal of Business Research & Practice is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für erziehungswissenschaftliche Migrationsforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Factors such as expectations, lack of financial flexibility, uncertainties in the macroeconomic environment and other economic and non-economic indicators are influential in creating business cycles, none of which alone creates business cycles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between economic, financial, political and international risks with the economic business cycles of Iran during the period 2001-2009. To achieve this goal, the long-run trend will be separated from the cyclical GDP trend using the Hadrick-Prescott filter, and the data will be analyzed using the Structural Vector Distribution (SVAR) model. According to the results, the average of one business cycle in the Iranian economy is equal to 10 seasons, which are equal to 5.45 and 5 seasons for the recession and boom period, respectively. Economic risk of -0.354 percentage has immediate effects on the business cycles of the Iranian economy, which for financial risk, international risk and political risk, the figures show - 0.315, -0.0031 and 0.0048 percentage, respectively. According to the Granger causality test, the two variables of economic risk and financial risk are the cause of business cycles in the Iranian economy, while political and international risks are not the cause of business cycles. Economic risks in the first period with an impact of about 6% have the most explanatory effect in creating business cycles of GDP, after which financial risk has the greatest impact on business cycles, on the other hand, political risks among the studied risks have the least impact on cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the essential problems in institutional policies in developing countries is the existence of abstractive institutions such as incompetent rents, the culture of kinship and the lack of transparency of administrative processes. This article focuses on the concept of clientelism as institution within the framework of the new institutionalism theory, seeking to disclose the indicators and significance of this institution in the Pahlavi II government. Clientelism assumed as an abstractive institution which leads to the development of the cycle of vicious. The main hypothesis (idea) of this article is that the clientelism is the main reason for losing social trust of sovereignty and the reduction of social capital in the second Pahlavi state, finally, the main reason of its collapse. In the other words, social distrust as a result of the institution of Clientelism bring the second Pahlavi into a social catastrophe, its outcome was the collapse of the political system. Social trap means choice of advantageous policies by social networks and political system, which evidently to be profitable initially, but ultimately leads to social harm and harm. But ultimately it leads to social collapse and political fall down; the Islamic Revolution (1979) was the result of these extensions.