9 results on '"Newbould, C"'
Search Results
2. A Computerized Item Banking System (CIBS)
- Author
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Newbould, C. A. and Massey, A. J.
- Abstract
The functions and characteristics of a CIBS are described and related to the processes and requirements of the cycle of multiple choice test development. (Author)
- Published
- 1977
3. School Examinations in Computer Studies.
- Author
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Newbould, C. A.
- Abstract
Some facts about the nature of computer studies are presented, and it is noted that males make up the majority of students. The nature of current assessment practices is detailed, and suggestions are made about future testing approaches. Mastery testing is promoted as the direction to take in the future. (MP)
- Published
- 1982
4. Neurocognition and quality of life after reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in children randomized to planned treatment interruption
- Author
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Ananworanich, J, Melvin, D, Amador, Jt, Childs, T, Medin, G, Boscolo, V, Compagnucci, A, Kanjanavanit, S, Montero, S, Gibb, Dm, PENTA 11 Study Group including Aboulker, J, Babiker, A, Belfrage, E, Bernardi, S, Bologna, R, Burger, D, Butler, K, Castelli Gattinara, G, Castro, H, Clayden, P, Cressey, T, Darbyshire, Jh, Debré, M, de Groot, R, della Negra, M, di Biagio, A, De Rossi, A, Duicelescu, D, Faye, A, Giaquinto, C, Giacomet, V, Grosch Wörner, I, Hainault, M, Klein, N, Lallemant, M, Levy, J, Lyall, H, Marczynska, M, Marques, L, Mardarescu, M, Mellado Peña MJ, Nadal, D, Nastouli, E, Naver, L, Niehues, T, Peckham, C, Pillay, D, Popieska, J, Ramos Amador JT, Rojo Conejo, P, Rosado, L, Rosso, R, Rudin, C, Scherpbier, Hj, Sharland, M, Stevanovic, M, Thorne, C, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Tudor Williams, G, Turkova, A, Valerius, N, Volokha, A, Walker, As, Welch, S, Wintergerst, U, Aboulker, Jp, Burger, Dm, Green, H, Harper, L, Mofenson, L, Moye, J, Saïdi, Y, Cressey, Tr, Jacqz Aigrain, E, Khoo, S, Regazzi, M, Tréluyer, Jm, Ngo Giang Huong, N, Muñoz Fernandez MA, Hill, C, Lepage, P, Pozniak, A, Vella, S, Chêne, G, Vesikari, T, Hadjou, G, Léonardo, S, Riault, Y, Bleier, J, Buck, L, Duong, T, Farrelly, L, Forcat, S, Harrison, L, Horton, J, Johnson, D, Taylor, C, Chalermpantmetagul, S, Peongjakta, R, Khamjakkaew, W, Than in at, K, Chailert, S, Jourdain, G, Le Coeur, S, Floret, D, Costanzo, P, Le Thi TT, Monpoux, F, Mellul, S, Caranta, I, Boudjoudi, N, Firtion, G, Denon, M, Charlemaine, E, Picard, F, Hellier, E, Heuninck, C, Damond, F, Alexandre, G, Tricoire, J, Antras, M, Lachendowier, C, Nicot, F, Krivine, A, Rivaux, D, Notheis, G, Strotmann, G, Schlieben, S, Rampon, O, Zanchetta, M, Ginocchio, F, Viscoli, C, Martino, A, Pontrelli, G, Baldassar, S, Concato, C, Mazza, A, Rossetti, G, Dobosz, S, Oldakowska, A, Popielska, J, Kaflik, M, Stanczak, J, Stanczack, G, Dyda, T, Kruk, M, González Tomé MI, Delgado García, R, Fernandez Gonzalez MT, Mellado Peña, M, Martín Fontelos, P, Garcia Mellado MI, Medina, Af, Ascencion, B, Garcia Bermejo, I, Navarro Gomez DM, Saavedra, J, Prieto, C, Jimenez, Jl, Garcia Torre, A, de José Gómez MI, García Rodriguez MC, Moreno Pérez, D, Núñez Cuadros, E, Asensi Botet, F, Otero Reigada, C, Pérez Tamarit MD, Vilalta, R, Molina Moreno JM, Rainer, T, Schupbach, J, Rutishauser, M, Bunupuradah, T, Butterworth, O, Phasomsap, C, Prasitsuebsai, W, Chuanjaroen, T, Jupimai, T, Ubolyam, S, Phanuphak, P, Puthanakit, T, Pancharoen, C, Mai, C, Namwong, T, Punsakoon, W, Payakachat, S, Chutima, D, Raksasang, M, Foster, C, Hamadache, D, Campbell, S, Newbould, C, Monrose, C, Abdulla, A, Walley, A, Patel, D, Kaye, S, Seery, P, Rankin, A, Wildfire, A, Novelli, V, Shingadia, D, Moshal, K, Flynn, J, Clapson, M, Allen, A, Spencer, L, Rackstraw, C, Ward, B, Parkes, K, Depala, M, Jacobsen, M, Poulsom, H, Barkley, L, Miah, J, Lurie, P, Keane, C, Mcmaster, P, Phipps, M, Orendi, J, Farmer, C, Liebeschuetz, S, Sodeinde, O, Wong, S, Bostock, V, Heath, Y, Scott, S, Gandhi, K, Lewis, P, Daglish, J, Miles, K, Summerhill, L, Subramaniam, B, Weiner, L, Famiglietti, M, Rana, S, Yu, P, Roa, J, Puga, A, Haerry, A., AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, and Global Health
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,antiretroviral therapy ,children ,HIV ,neurocognition ,neurodevelopment ,quality of life ,treatment interruption ,Immunology and Allergy ,Immunology ,Infectious Diseases ,Adolescent ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,HIV Infections ,Standard score ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Memory span ,Medicine ,Humans ,Highly Active ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ,business.industry ,Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ,medicine.disease ,030112 virology ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Treatment Outcome ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Test score ,Mann–Whitney U test ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVE: Understanding the effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption on neurocognition and quality of life (QoL) are important for managing unplanned interruptions and planned interruptions in HIV cure research. DESIGN: Children previously randomized to continuous (continuous ART, n = 41) vs. planned treatment interruption (PTI, n = 47) in the Pediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 study were enrolled. At study end, PTI children resumed ART. At 1 and 2 years following study end, children were assessed by the coding, symbol search and digit span subtests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (6-16 years old) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (>/=17 years old) and by Pediatrics QoL questionnaires for physical and psychological QoL. Transformed scaled scores for neurocognition and mean standardized scores for QoL were compared between arms by t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. Scores indicating clinical concern were compared (
- Published
- 2016
5. Using CD4 percentage and age to optimize pediatric antiretroviral therapy initiation
- Author
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Yin, D.E., Warshaw, M.G., Miller, W.C., Castro, H., Fiscus, S.A., Harper, L.M., Harrison, L.J., Klein, N.J., Lewis, J., Melvin, A.J., Tudor Williams, G., Mckinney, R.E., Brouwers, P., Costello, D., Ferguson, E., Fiscus, S., Hodge, J., Hughes, M., Jennings, C., Melvin, A., Mckinney, R., Mofenson, L., Warshaw, M., Smith, M., Spector, S., Stiehm, E., Toye, M., Yogev, R., Babiker, A., Compagnucci, A., De Rossi, A., Giaquinto, C., Darbyshire, J., Debré, M., Gibb, D., Harper, L., Harrison, L., Klein, N., Pillay, D., Saidi, Y., Walker, A., Brody, B., Hill, C., Lepage, P., Modlin, J., Poziak, A., Rein, M., Robb, M., Fleming, T., Vella, S., Kim, K., Bologna, R., Mecikovsky, D., Pineda, N., Sen, L., Mangano, A., Marino, S., Galvez, C., Deluchi, G., Zöhrer, B., Zenz, W., Daghofer, E., Pfurtscheller, K., Pabst, B., Gomez, M., Mcneil, P., Jervis, M., Whyms, I., Kwolfe, D., Scott, S., Mussi Pinhata MM, Issac, M., Cervi, M., Negrini, B., Matsubara, T., de Souza CB, Gabaldi, J., Oliveira, R., Sapia, M., Abreu, T., Evangelista, L., Pala, A., Fernandes, I., Farias, I., Melo M, D.F., Carreira, H., Lira, L., Della Negra, M., Queiroz, W., Lian, Y., Pacola, D., Pinto, J., Ferreira, F., Kakehasi, F., Martins, L., Diniz, A., Lobato, V., Diniz, M., Cleto, S., Costa, S., Romeiro, J., Dollfus, C., Tabone, M., Courcoux, M., Vaudre, G., Dehée, A., Schnuriger, A., Le Gueyades, N., De Bortoli, C., Méchinaud, F., Reliquet, V., Arias, J., Rodallec, A., André, E., Falconi, I., Le Pelletier, A., Monpoux, F., Cottalorda, J., Mellul, S., Lachassinne, E., Galimand, J., Rouzioux, C., Chaix, M., Benabadji, Z., Pourrat, M., Firtion, G., Rivaux, D., Denon, M., Boudjoudi, N., Nganzali, F., Krivine, A., Méritet, J., Delommois, G., Norgeux, C., Guérin, C., Floch, C., Marty, L., Hichou, H., Tournier, V., Faye, A., Le Moal, I., Sellier, M., Dehache, L., Damond, F., Leleu, J., Beniken, D., Alexandre Castor, G., Neubert, J., Niehues, T., Laws, H., Huck, K., Gudowius, S., Siepermann, K., Loeffler, H., Bellert, S., Ortwin, A., Notheis, G., Wintergerst, U., Hoffman, F., Werthmann, A., Seyboldt, S., Schneider, L., Bucholz, B., Feiterna Sperling, C., Peiser, C., Nickel, R., Schmitz, T., Piening, T., Müller, C., Warncke, G., Wigger, M., Neubauer, R., Butler, K., Chong, A., Boulger, T., Menon, A., O'Connell, M., Barrett, L., Rochford, A., Goode, M., Hayes, E., Mcdonagh, S., Walsh, A., Doyle, A., Fanning, J., O'Connor, M., Byrne, M., O'Sullivan, N., Hyland, E., Giacomet, V., Viganò, A., Colombo, I., Trabattoni, D., Berzi, A., Badolato, R., Schumacher, F., Bennato, V., Brusati, M., Sorlini, A., Spinelli, E., Filisetti, M., Bertulli, C., Rampon, O., Zanchetta, M., Mazza, A., Stringari, G., Rossetti, G., Bernardi, S., Martino, A., Castelli Gattinara, G., Palma, P., Pontrelli, G., Tchidjou, H., Furcas, A., Frillici, C., Mazzei, A., Zoccano, A., Concato, C., Duiculescu, D., Oprea, C., Tardei, G., Abaab, F., Mardarescu, M., Draghicenoiu, R., Otelea, D., Alecsandru, L., Matusa, R., Rugina, S., Ilie, M., Netescu, S., Florea, C., Voicu, E., Poalelungi, D., Belmega, C., Vladau, L., Chiriac, A., Ramos Amador JT, Gonzalez Tomé MI, Rojo Conejo, P., Fernandez, M., Delgado Garcia, R., Ferrari, J., Garcia Lopez, M., Mellado Peña MJ, Martin Fontelos, P., Jimenez Nacher, I., Muñoz Fernandez MA, Jimenez, J., García Torre, A., Penin, M., Pineiro Perez, R., Garcia Mellado, I., Finn, A., Lajeunesse, M., Hutchison, E., Usher, J., Ball, L., Dunn, M., Sharland, M., Doerholt, K., Storey, S., Donaghy, S., Chakraborty, R., Wells, C., Buckberry, K., Rice, P., Mcmaster, P., Butler, P., O'Connell C, R., Shenton, J., Haley, H., Orendi, J., Stroobant, J., Navarante, L., Archer, P., Mazhude, C., Scott, D., O'Connell, R., Wong, J., Boddy, G., Shackley, F., Lakshman, R., Hobbs, J., Ball, G., Kudesia, G., Bane, J., Painter, D., Sloper, K., Shah, V., Cheng, A., Aali, A., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Nayagam, D., Waters, A., Doshi, S., Liebeschuetz, S., Sodiende, B., Shingadia, D., Wong, S., Swan, J., Shah, Z., Collinson, A., Hayes, C., King, J., O'Connor, K., Lyall, H., Fidler, K., Walters, S., Foster, C., Hamadache, D., Newbould, C., Monrose, C., Campbell, S., Yeung, S., Cohen, J., Martinez Allier, N., Melvin, D., Dodge, J., Welch, S., Tatum, G., Gordon, A., Kaye, S., Muir, D., Patel, D., Novelli, V., Moshal, K., Lambert, J., Flynn, J., Farrelly, L., Clapson, M., Spencer, L., Depala, M., Jacobsen, M., Segal, S., Pollard, A., Kelly, D., Yeadon, S., Ohene Kena, B., Peng, Y., Dong, T., Jeffries, K., Snelling, M., Smyth, A., Smith, J., Ward, B., Jungmann, E., Ryan, C., Swaby, K., Buckton, A., Smit, E., Abrams, E., Champion, S., Fernandez, A., Calo, D., Garrovillo, L., Swaminathan, K., Alford, T., Frere, M., Navarra, J., Borkowsky, W., Deygoo, S., Hastings, T., Akleh, S., Ilmet, T., Mohan, K., Bowen, G., Emmanuel, P., Lujan Zimmerman, J., Rodriguez, C., Johnson, S., Marion, A., Graisbery, C., Casey, D., Lewis, G., Guzman Cottrill, J., Croteau, R., Acevedo Flores, M., Gonzalez, M., Angeli, L., Fabregas, L., Valentin, P., Weiner, L., Contello, K., Holz, W., Butler, M., Nachman, S., Kelly, M., Ferraro, D., Rana, S., Reed, C., Yeagley, E., Malheiro, A., Roa, J., Neely, M., Kovacs, A., Homans, J., Rodriguez Lozano, Y., Puga, A., Talero, G., Sellers, R., Lawrence, R., Weinberg, G., Murante, B., Laverty, S., Deveikis, A., Batra, J., Chen, T., Michalik, D., Deville, J., Elkins, K., Marks, S., Jackson Alvarez, J., Palm, J., Fineanganofo, I., Keuth, M., Deveikis, L., Tomosada, W., Van Dyke, R., Alchediak, T., Silio, M., Borne, C., Bradford, S., Eloby Childress, S., Nguyen, K., Rathore, M., Alvarez, A., Mirza, A., Mahmoudi, S., Burke, M., Febo, I., Lugo, L., Santos, R., Church, J., Dunaway, T., Rodier, C., Flynn, P., Patel, N., Discenza, S., Donohoe, M., Luzuriaga, K., Picard, D., Kline, M., Paul, M., Shearer, W., Mcmullen, C., Chadwick, E., Cagwin, E., Kabat, K., Dieudonne, A., Palumbo, P., Johnson, J., Gaur, S., Cerracchio, L., Foca, M., Jurgrau, A., Vasquez Bonilla, S., Silva, G., Gershon, A., Sullivan, J., Bryson, Y., Frenkel, L., Nelson, J., Aboulker, J., Hadjou, G., Léonardo, S., Riault, Y., Saïdi, Y., Buck, L., Forcat, S., Horton, J., Johnson, D., Moore, S., Taylor, C., Collins, D., Buskirk, S., Kamara, P., Nesel, C., Johnson, M., Ferreira, A., Tutko, J., Sprenger, H., Britto, P., Powell, C., Dersimonian, R., Handelsman, E., Ananworanich, J., Belfrage, E., Blanche, S., Bohlin, A., Burger, D., Clayden, P., De Groot, R., Di Biagio, A., Grosch Wörner, I., Hainault, M., Lallemant, M., Levy, J., Marczynska, M., Mellado Pena MJ, Nadal, D., Naver, L., Peckham, C., Popieska, J., Rosado, L., Rosso, R., Rudin, C., Scherpbier, H., Stevanovic, M., Thorne, C., Tovo, P., Valerius, N., Poole, C., Cole, S., and Mcculloh, R.J.
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,HIV (FISIOLOGIA) ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Treatment failure ,Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,immunologic ,Child ,HIV ,child ,reconstitution ,treatment failure ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant, Newborn ,Follow up studies ,Immunosuppression ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,World health ,Article ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Highly Active ,Preschool ,Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Settore MED/46 - Scienze Tecniche di Medicina di Laboratorio ,Newborn ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Confidence interval ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Immunologic ,Reconstitution ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Quantifying pediatric immunologic recovery by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation at different CD4 percentage (CD4%) and age thresholds may inform decisions about timing of treatment initiation. METHODS: HIV-1-infected, HAART-naive children in Europe and the Americas were followed from 2002 through 2009 in PENPACT-1. Data from 162 vertically infected children, with at least World Health Organization “mild” immunosuppression and CD4% RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of baseline immunosuppressed children recovered to normal within 4 years. Compared with “severe” immunosuppression, more children with “mild” immunosuppression (difference 36%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 49%) or “advanced” immunosuppression (difference 20.8%, 95% CI: 5.8% to 35.9%) recovered a normal CD4%. For each 5-year increase in baseline age, the proportion of children achieving a normal CD4% declined by 19% (95% CI: 11% to 27%). Combining baseline CD4% and age effects resulted in >90% recovery when initiating HAART with “mild” immunosuppression at any age or “advanced” immunosuppression at age CONCLUSIONS: Initiating HAART at higher CD4% and younger ages maximizes potential for immunologic recovery. Guidelines should weigh immunologic benefits against long-term risks.
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- 2014
6. The immunological and virological consequences of planned treatment interruptions in children with HIV infection
- Author
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Klein, Nigel, Sefe, Delali, Mosconi, Ilaria, Zanchetta, Marisa, Castro, Hannah, Jacobsen, Marianne, Jones, Hannah, Bernardi, Stefania, Pillay, Deenan, Giaquinto, Carlo, Walker, A. Sarah, Gibb, Diana M., De Rossi, Anita, Paediatric, European Network for Treatment of AIDS 11 Trial Team including Aboulker JP, Ananworanich, J, Babiker, A, Belfrage, E, Bernardi, S, Blanche, S, Bohlin, Ab, Bologna, R, Burger, Dm, Butler, K, Castelli Gattinara, G, Castro, H, Clayden, P, Compagnucci, A, Darbyshire, Jh, Debré, M, Faye, A, de Groot, R, della Negra, M, Duiculescu, D, Giaquinto, C, Gibb, Dm, Grosch Wörner, I, Hainault, M, Harper, L, Klein, N, Lallemant, M, Levy, J, Lyall, H, Marczynska, M, Mardarescu, M, Mellado Peña, Mj, Nadal, D, Niehues, T, Peckham, C, Pillay, D, Ramos Amador, Jt, Rosado, L, Rosso, R, Rudin, C, Saidi, Y, Scherpbier, Hj, Sharland, M, Stevanovic, M, Thorne, C, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Tudor Williams, G, Valerius, N, Walker, As, Welch, S, Wintergerst, U, Aboulker, Jp, Mofenson, L, Moye, J, Saïdi, Y, Cressey, Tr, Jacqz Aigrain, E, Khoo, S, Tréluyer, Jm, De Rossi, A, Ngo Giang Huong, N, Muñoz Fernandez, Ma, Hill, C, Lepage, P, Pozniak, A, Vella, S, Hadjou, G, Léonardo, S, Riault, Y, Buck, L, Farrelly, L, Forcat, S, Harrison, L, Horton, J, Johnson, D, Moore, S, Taylor, C, Chalermpantmetagul, S, Peongjakta, R, Chailert, S, Fregonese, F, Jourdain, G, Butler, D, Carlton, C, Collins, D, Kao, G, Van Buskirk, S, Watson, S, Corradini, S, Floret, D, Le Thi, Tt, Monpoux, F, Cottalorda, J, Lefebvre, Jc, Mellul, S, Boudjoudi, N, Firtion, G, Denon, M, Picard, F, Beniken, D, Damond, F, Alexandre, G, Tricoire, J, Nicot, F, Krivine, A, Rivaux, D, Chaix, Ml, Notheis, G, Strotmann, G, Schlieben, S, Rampon, O, Zanchetta, M, Ginocchio, F, Viscoli, C, Martino, A, Pontrelli, G, Concato, C, Mazza, A, Rossetti, G, Dobosz, S, Oldakowska, A, Popielska, J, Kaflik, M, Stanczak, J, Stanczack, G, Dyda, T, González Tomé, Mi, Delgado García, R, Fernandez Gonzalez, Mt, Martín Fontelos, P, Piñeiro Pérez, R, Penin, M, Garcia Mellado, I, Medina, Af, Ascencion, B, Garcia Bermejo, I, Garcia Vela, Ja, Martin Rubio, I, Gurbindo, D, Navarro Gomez, Ml, Jimenez, Jl, Garcia Torre, A, José Gómez, Mi, García Rodriguez, Mc, Moreno Pérez, D, Núñez Cuadros, E, Asensi Botet, F, Pérez, A, Pérez Tamarit, Md, Gobernado Serrano, M, Gonzales Molina, A, Kalhert, C, Dobrovoljac, M, Berger, C, Nobile, G, Reinhard, S, Schupbach, J, Bunupuradah, T, Puthanakit, T, Pancharoen, C, Butterworth, O, Phasomsap, C, Jupimai, T, Ubolyam, S, Phanuphak, P, Mai, C, Kanjanavanit, S, Namwong, T, Chutima, D, Raksasang, M, Foster, C, Hamadache, D, Campbell, S, Newbould, C, Monrose, C, Patel, D, Kaye, S, Seery, P, Wildfire, A, Novelli, V, Shingadia, D, Moshal, K, Flynn, J, Clapson, M, Allen, A, Spencer, L, Depala, M, Jacobsen, M, Mcmaster, P, Phipps, M, Orendi, J, Farmer, C, Liebeschuetz, S, Sodeinde, O, Wong, S, Heath, Y, Scott, S, Gandhi, K, Lewis, P, Daglish, J, Weiner, L, Famiglietti, M, Rana, S, Yu, P, Roa, J, Puga, A, Haerry, A, and Inma, A.
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CD31 ,Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Time Factors ,T-CELL RECONSTITUTION ,ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION, T-CELL RECONSTITUTION, HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN, IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION, THYMIC OUTPUT, 1-INFECTED CHILDREN ,Adolescent ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Child ,Child, Preschool ,Drug Administration Schedule ,HIV Infections ,Humans ,Immunophenotyping ,Lymphocyte Count ,Treatment Outcome ,Viral Load ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Medicine (all) ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,030212 general & internal medicine ,HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ,3. Good health ,Medicine ,Off Treatment ,Poverty-related infectious diseases Infectious diseases and international health [N4i 3] ,THYMIC OUTPUT ,Viral load ,Research Article ,Science ,1-INFECTED CHILDREN ,Auto-immunity, transplantation and immunotherapy [N4i 4] ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Preschool ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Immunology ,STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION ,business ,CD8 - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 126098.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the immunological and viral consequences of planned treatment interruptions (PTI) in children with HIV. DESIGN: This was an immunological and virological sub-study of the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 trial, which compared CD4-guided PTI of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with continuous therapy (CT) in children. METHODS: HIV-1 RNA and lymphocyte subsets, including CD4 and CD8 cells, were quantified on fresh samples collected during the study; CD45RA, CD45RO and CD31 subpopulations were evaluated in some centres. For 36 (18 PTI, 18 CT) children, immunophenotyping was performed and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA analysed on stored samples to 48 weeks. RESULTS: In the PTI group, CD4 cell count fell rapidly in the first 12 weeks off ART, with decreases in both naive and memory cells. However, the proportion of CD4 cells expressing CD45RA and CD45RO remained constant in both groups. The increase in CD8 cells in the first 12 weeks off ART in the PTI group was predominantly due to increases in RO-expressing cells. PTI was associated with a rapid and sustained increase in CD4 cells expressing Ki67 and HLA-DR, and increased levels of HIV-1 DNA. CONCLUSIONS: PTI in children is associated with rapid changes in CD4 and CD8 cells, likely due to increased cell turnover and immune activation. However, children off treatment may be able to maintain stable levels of naive CD4 cells, at least in proportion to the memory cell pool, which may in part explain the observed excellent CD4 cell recovery with re-introduction of ART.
- Published
- 2013
7. A Computerized Item Banking System (CIBS).
- Author
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Newbould, C A and Massey, A J
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. CIOR: forum for Reserve issues.
- Author
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Newbould, C. J.
- Abstract
Highlights the reserve officers' Summer Congress of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Brighton, Great Britain. History of event's establishment; Significance of the summer congress in military history; Duties and responsibilities of the Confederation of Interallied Reserve Officers' president.
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- 1998
9. letters.
- Author
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McNamee, David, Grant, Peter, Newbould, C. J., Lau, Phil, Westerton, G. J., and Bain, J. S.
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LETTERS to the editor ,ARMED Forces ,VOYAGES & travels ,GEOGRAPHERS - Abstract
Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Correction to the article "Pilgrimage to War," regarding the number of Allied troops that evacuated from beaches in Dunkirk, New York City; "Taking High Road," which focused on the motorcycle journeys of actors Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman from New York to London, England; "Worldwatch," which featured geographers.
- Published
- 2005
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