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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium that is widely disseminated in coastal, marine, and estuarine environments and causes acute gastroenteritis due to raw or undercooked seafood consumption, wound infection, and septicemia in humans. A wide variety of virulence factors, such as its toxins, type 3 secretion system, type 6 secretion system, adhesins, urea hydrolysis, and flagellar motility, are responsible for initiating infection and causing illness to the host. The pandemic clone emergence that causes global outbreaks is a major concern. Additionally, V. parahaemolyticus has emerged as a shrimp pathogen that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease or early mortality syndrome, which threatens the viability of the shrimp aquaculture industry. Moreover, the emergence of multidrug-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains in seafood and environmental samples in recent years raises a serious concern of human health on seafood safety. This review highlights the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in various countries and newly emerging inland saline aquaculture areas, pathogenassociated seafood-borne outbreaks, and various virulence factors. Additionally, it provides updated literature on antibiotic resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus from seafood and environmental samples in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-day training course on biofloc technology (BFT) was given to a hundred trainees. The purpose of this study was to find out how much knowledge the trainees gained after the completion of training so that future training courses could be improved. The study revealed that 46%, 32%, 17% and 5% of trainees had received education up to senior secondary, graduation, post-graduation, and matric level, respectively. The majority of the participants attended the training session to pursue BFT as a profession or for their livelihood. In contrast, just 3% attended in order to create a link with the institution. Before training, trainees’ knowledge scores on various BFT parameters on a pre-evaluation exam were poor. However, the knowledge scores of trainees improved significantly following training. The most significant increase in knowledge (100%) was seen in the areas of biofloc tank construction and biofloc inoculum preparation. More emphasis on practical sessions, the provision of a printed manual and broad exposure were some of the trainees’ suggestions for improving the future training course. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present study that trainees’ knowledge of BFT is low and training is an effective tool for improving trainees’ knowledge and understanding of BFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]