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1. ML-Powered FPGA-based Real-Time Quantum State Discrimination Enabling Mid-circuit Measurements

Author

Vora, Neel R., Xu, Yilun, Hashim, Akel, Fruitwala, Neelay, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Liao, Haoran, Balewski, Jan, Rajagopala, Abhi, Nowrouzi, Kasra, Ji, Qing, Whaley, K. Birgitta, Siddiqi, Irfan, Nguyen, Phuc, and Huang, Gang

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Similar to reading the transistor state in classical computers, identifying the quantum bit (qubit) state is a fundamental operation to translate quantum information. However, identifying quantum state has been the slowest and most susceptible to errors operation on superconducting quantum processors. Most existing state discrimination algorithms have only been implemented and optimized "after the fact" - using offline data transferred from control circuits to host computers. Real-time state discrimination is not possible because a superconducting quantum state only survives for a few hundred us, which is much shorter than the communication delay between the readout circuit and the host computer (i.e., tens of ms). Mid-circuit measurement (MCM), where measurements are conducted on qubits at intermediate stages within a quantum circuit rather than solely at the end, represents an advanced technique for qubit reuse. For MCM necessitating single-shot readout, it is imperative to employ an in-situ technique for state discrimination with low latency and high accuracy. This paper introduces QubiCML, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based system for real-time state discrimination enabling MCM - the ability to measure the state at the control circuit before/without transferring data to a host computer. A multi-layer neural network has been designed and deployed on an FPGA to ensure accurate in-situ state discrimination. For the first time, ML-powered quantum state discrimination has been implemented on a radio frequency system-on-chip FPGA platform. The deployed lightweight network on the FPGA only takes 54 ns to complete each inference. We evaluated QubiCML's performance on superconducting quantum processors and obtained an average accuracy of 98.5% with only 500 ns readout. QubiCML has the potential to be the standard real-time state discrimination method for the quantum community.

Published
2024

2. Reinforcement learning pulses for transmon qubit entangling gates

Author

Nguyen, Ho Nam, Motzoi, Felix, Metcalf, Mekena, Whaley, K Birgitta, Bukov, Marin, and Schmitt, Markus

Subjects
Information and Computing Sciences, Applied Computing, Machine Learning, quantum control, reinforcement learning, transmon qubits, entangling gates, deep learning, Applied computing, Machine learning
Abstract

The utility of a quantum computer is highly dependent on the ability to reliably perform accurate quantum logic operations. For finding optimal control solutions, it is of particular interest to explore model-free approaches, since their quality is not constrained by the limited accuracy of theoretical models for the quantum processor—in contrast to many established gate implementation strategies. In this work, we utilize a continuous control reinforcement learning algorithm to design entangling two-qubit gates for superconducting qubits; specifically, our agent constructs cross-resonance and CNOT gates without any prior information about the physical system. Using a simulated environment of fixed-frequency fixed-coupling transmon qubits, we demonstrate the capability to generate novel pulse sequences that outperform the standard cross-resonance gates in both fidelity and gate duration, while maintaining a comparable susceptibility to stochastic unitary noise. We further showcase an augmentation in training and input information that allows our agent to adapt its pulse design abilities to drifting hardware characteristics, importantly, with little to no additional optimization. Our results exhibit clearly the advantages of unbiased adaptive-feedback learning-based optimization methods for transmon gate design.

Published
2024

3. Reinforcement learning pulses for transmon qubit entangling gates

Author

Nguyen, Ho Nam, Motzoi, Felix, Metcalf, Mekena, Whaley, K. Birgitta, Bukov, Marin, and Schmitt, Markus

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The utility of a quantum computer depends heavily on the ability to reliably perform accurate quantum logic operations. For finding optimal control solutions, it is of particular interest to explore model-free approaches, since their quality is not constrained by the limited accuracy of theoretical models for the quantum processor - in contrast to many established gate implementation strategies. In this work, we utilize a continuous-control reinforcement learning algorithm to design entangling two-qubit gates for superconducting qubits; specifically, our agent constructs cross-resonance and CNOT gates without any prior information about the physical system. Using a simulated environment of fixed-frequency, fixed-coupling transmon qubits, we demonstrate the capability to generate novel pulse sequences that outperform the standard cross-resonance gates in both fidelity and gate duration, while maintaining a comparable susceptibility to stochastic unitary noise. We further showcase an augmentation in training and input information that allows our agent to adapt its pulse design abilities to drifting hardware characteristics, importantly with little to no additional optimization. Our results exhibit clearly the advantages of unbiased adaptive-feedback learning-based optimization methods for transmon gate design., Comment: 18 + 8 pages, 13 + 6 figures

Published
2023
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4. Snowmass2021 CMB-HD White Paper

Author

Collaboration, The CMB-HD, Aiola, Simone, Akrami, Yashar, Basu, Kaustuv, Boylan-Kolchin, Michael, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bryan, Sean, Casey, Caitlin M., Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Di Mascolo, Luca, Dicker, Simon, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Farren, Gerrit S., Fedderke, Michael A., Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Galitzki, Nicholas, Gluscevic, Vera, Grin, Daniel, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gil, Hotinli, Selim C., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Matthew, Klaassen, Pamela, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mandal, Sayan, Mauskopf, Philip, Meerburg, Daan, Meyers, Joel, Miranda, Vivian, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munoz, Julian, Naess, Sigurd, Nagai, Daisuke, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Oppenheimer, Benjamin D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Kendrick, Spergel, David, Switzer, Eric R., Trivedi, Pranjal, Tsai, Yu-Dai, van Engelen, Alexander, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wollack, Edward J., and Wu, Kimmy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

CMB-HD is a proposed millimeter-wave survey over half the sky that would be ultra-deep (0.5 uK-arcmin) and have unprecedented resolution (15 arcseconds at 150 GHz). Such a survey would answer many outstanding questions about the fundamental physics of the Universe. Major advances would be 1.) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10 h Mpc^(-1)), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2.) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and velocity, another probe of cosmic structure. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds: 3.) ruling out or detecting any new, light (< 0.1 eV) particles that were in thermal equilibrium with known particles in the early Universe, 4.) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe, and 5.) ruling out or detecting inflationary magnetic fields. CMB-HD would also provide world-leading constraints on 6.) axion-like particles, 7.) cosmic birefringence, 8.) the sum of the neutrino masses, and 9.) the dark energy equation of state. The CMB-HD survey would be delivered in 7.5 years of observing 20,000 square degrees of sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis crossed Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. Each telescope would field 800,000 detectors (200,000 pixels), for a total of 1.6 million detectors., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. Note some text overlap with CMB-HD Astro2020 APC and RFI (arXiv:1906.10134, arXiv:2002.12714). Science case further broadened and updated

Published
2022

5. Machine learning for continuous quantum error correction on superconducting qubits

Author

Convy, Ian, Liao, Haoran, Zhang, Song, Patel, Sahil, Livingston, William P, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Siddiqi, Irfan, and Whaley, K Birgitta

Subjects
Bioengineering, quantum error correction, recurrent neural networks, Bayesian inference, quantum computing, superconducting qubits, machine learning, quantum annealing, Physical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Continuous quantum error correction has been found to have certain advantages over discrete quantum error correction, such as a reduction in hardware resources and the elimination of error mechanisms introduced by having entangling gates and ancilla qubits. We propose a machine learning algorithm for continuous quantum error correction that is based on the use of a recurrent neural network to identify bit-flip errors from continuous noisy syndrome measurements. The algorithm is designed to operate on measurement signals deviating from the ideal behavior in which the mean value corresponds to a code syndrome value and the measurement has white noise. We analyze continuous measurements taken from a superconducting architecture using three transmon qubits to identify three significant practical examples of non-ideal behavior, namely auto-correlation at temporal short lags, transient syndrome dynamics after each bit-flip, and drift in the steady-state syndrome values over the course of many experiments. Based on these real-world imperfections, we generate synthetic measurement signals from which to train the recurrent neural network, and then test its proficiency when implementing active error correction, comparing this with a traditional double threshold scheme and a discrete Bayesian classifier. The results show that our machine learning protocol is able to outperform the double threshold protocol across all tests, achieving a final state fidelity comparable to the discrete Bayesian classifier.

Published
2022

6. Machine Learning for Continuous Quantum Error Correction on Superconducting Qubits

Author

Convy, Ian, Liao, Haoran, Zhang, Song, Patel, Sahil, Livingston, William P., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Siddiqi, Irfan, and Whaley, K. Birgitta

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Continuous quantum error correction has been found to have certain advantages over discrete quantum error correction, such as a reduction in hardware resources and the elimination of error mechanisms introduced by having entangling gates and ancilla qubits. We propose a machine learning algorithm for continuous quantum error correction that is based on the use of a recurrent neural network to identify bit-flip errors from continuous noisy syndrome measurements. The algorithm is designed to operate on measurement signals deviating from the ideal behavior in which the mean value corresponds to a code syndrome value and the measurement has white noise. We analyze continuous measurements taken from a superconducting architecture using three transmon qubits to identify three significant practical examples of non-ideal behavior, namely auto-correlation at temporal short lags, transient syndrome dynamics after each bit-flip, and drift in the steady-state syndrome values over the course of many experiments. Based on these real-world imperfections, we generate synthetic measurement signals from which to train the recurrent neural network, and then test its proficiency when implementing active error correction, comparing this with a traditional double threshold scheme and a discrete Bayesian classifier. The results show that our machine learning protocol is able to outperform the double threshold protocol across all tests, achieving a final state fidelity comparable to the discrete Bayesian classifier., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2021
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7. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445

Published
2019

8. CMB-HD: An Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey Over Half the Sky

Author

Sehgal, Neelima, Aiola, Simone, Akrami, Yashar, Basu, Kaustuv, Boylan-Kolchin, Michael, Bryan, Sean, Clesse, Sebastien, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Di Mascolo, Luca, Dicker, Simon, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Mathew, Holder, Gil, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Matthew, Klaassen, Pamela, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mauskopf, Philip, Meerburg, Daan, Meyers, Joel, Mroczkowski, Tony, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Naess, Sigurd, Nagai, Daisuke, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Oppenheimer, Benjamin D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Schaan, Emmanuel, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Switzer, Eric, van Engelen, Alexander, and Wollack, Edward

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A millimeter-wave survey over half the sky, that spans frequencies in the range of 30 to 350 GHz, and that is both an order of magnitude deeper and of higher-resolution than currently funded surveys would yield an enormous gain in understanding of both fundamental physics and astrophysics. By providing such a deep, high-resolution millimeter-wave survey (about 0.5 uK-arcmin noise and 15 arcsecond resolution at 150 GHz), CMB-HD will enable major advances. It will allow 1) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10/hMpc), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and gas pressure profiles of halos over a wide field, which probes galaxy evolution and cluster astrophysics. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds in fundamental physics: 3) ruling out or detecting any new, light (< 0.1eV), thermal particles, which could potentially be the dark matter, and 4) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe. Such a survey would also 5) monitor the transient sky by mapping the full observing region every few days, which opens a new window on gamma-ray bursts, novae, fast radio bursts, and variable active galactic nuclei. Moreover, CMB-HD would 6) provide a census of planets, dwarf planets, and asteroids in the outer Solar System, and 7) enable the detection of exo-Oort clouds around other solar systems, shedding light on planet formation. CMB-HD will deliver this survey in 5 years of observing half the sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis cross-Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. The telescopes will field about 2.4 million detectors (600,000 pixels) in total., Comment: APC White Paper for the Astro2020 Decadal, with updated proposing team

Published
2019

9. Science from an Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey

Author

Sehgal, Neelima, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Meyers, Joel, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Mroczkowski, Tony, Di Mascolo, Luca, Baxter, Eric, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Beringue, Benjamin, Holder, Gil, Nagai, Daisuke, Dicker, Simon, Dvorkin, Cora, Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Han, Dongwon, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Klaassen, Pamela, Meerburg, Daan, Motloch, Pavel, Spergel, David N., van Engelen, Alexander, Adshead, Peter, Armstrong, Robert, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barron, Darcy, Basu, Kaustuv, Benson, Bradford, Beutler, Florian, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Calabrese, Erminia, Darwish, Omar, Denny, S. Lucas, Douglass, Kelly A., Essinger-Hileman, Tom, Foreman, Simon, Frayer, David, Gerbino, Martina, Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A, Grohs, Evan B., Gupta, Nikhel, Hill, J. Colin, Hirata, Christopher M., Hotinli, Selim, Johnson, Matthew C., Kamionkowski, Marc, Kovetz, Ely D., Lau, Erwin T., Liguori, Michele, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Partridge, Bruce, Piacentni, Francesco, Rose, Benjamin, Rossi, Graziano, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Shan, Huanyuan, Simon, Sara, Slosar, Anže, Switzer, Eric R., Trac, Hy, Xu, Weishuang, Zaldarriaga, Matias, and Zemcov, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Opening up a new window of millimeter-wave observations that span frequency bands in the range of 30 to 500 GHz, survey half the sky, and are both an order of magnitude deeper (about 0.5 uK-arcmin) and of higher-resolution (about 10 arcseconds) than currently funded surveys would yield an enormous gain in understanding of both fundamental physics and astrophysics. In particular, such a survey would allow for major advances in measuring the distribution of dark matter and gas on small-scales, and yield needed insight on 1.) dark matter particle properties, 2.) the evolution of gas and galaxies, 3.) new light particle species, 4.) the epoch of inflation, and 5.) the census of bodies orbiting in the outer Solar System., Comment: 5 pages + references; Submitted to the Astro2020 call for science white papers

Published
2019

10. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP

Published
2018
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11. Measuring the Small-Scale Matter Power Spectrum with High-Resolution CMB Lensing

Author

Nguyen, Ho Nam, Sehgal, Neelima, and Madhavacheril, Mathew

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a method to measure the small-scale matter power spectrum using high-resolution measurements of the gravitational lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). To determine whether small-scale structure today is suppressed on scales below 10 kiloparsecs (corresponding to M < 10^9 M_sun), one needs to probe CMB-lensing modes out to L ~ 35,000, requiring a CMB experiment with about 20 arcsecond resolution or better. We show that a CMB survey covering 4,000 square degrees of sky, with an instrumental sensitivity of 0.5 uK-arcmin at 18 arcsecond resolution, could distinguish between cold dark matter and an alternative, such as 1 keV warm dark matter or 10^(-22) eV fuzzy dark matter with about 4-sigma significance. A survey of the same resolution with 0.1 uK-arcmin noise could distinguish between cold dark matter and these alternatives at better than 20-sigma significance; such high-significance measurements may also allow one to distinguish between a suppression of power due to either baryonic effects or the particle nature of dark matter, since each impacts the shape of the lensing power spectrum differently. CMB temperature maps yield higher signal-to-noise than polarization maps in this small-scale regime; thus, systematic effects, such as from extragalactic astrophysical foregrounds, need to be carefully considered. However, these systematic concerns can likely be mitigated with known techniques. Next-generation CMB lensing may thus provide a robust and powerful method of measuring the small-scale matter power spectrum., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures; version matches that accepted by PRD; expanded systematics section

Published
2017
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12. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, de Haan, Tijmen, Alighieri, Sperello di Serego, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D., Story, Kyle T., van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, W. L. Kimmy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

Published
2016

13. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G, Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A, Bischoff, Colin A, Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Chang, Clarence L, Crawford, Thomas M, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Bernardis, Francesco De, Haan, Tijmen de, Alighieri, Sperello di Serego, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W, Hill, J Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M, Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Jeune, Maude Le, Lee, Adrian T, Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S, Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David JE, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D, Munoz, Julian B, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D, Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L, Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D, Smith, Tristan L, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D, Story, Kyle T, Engelen, Alexander van, Vieira, Joaquin D, Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, WL Kimmy

Subjects
astro-ph.CO, gr-qc, hep-ph, hep-th
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by thenext-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4,envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the highChilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equippedwith new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmologicalstudies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-modepolarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determinationof the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of newlight relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing generalrelativity on large scales.

Published
2016

14. Astro2020 APC White Paper Project: The Simons Observatory

Author

Abitbol, Maximilian H, Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A, Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L, Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F, Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D, Crowley, Kevin T, Cukierman, Ari, D’Ewart, John M, D¨unner, Rolando, Haan, Tijmen de, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Flux`a, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W, Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A, Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D, Hinshaw, Gary, Hlozek, Renee, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D, Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P, Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H, Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loıc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M, Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T, Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R, Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B, Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M, Verg`es, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zonca, Andrea

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form (‘SO-Nominal’) consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating (“Stage 3”) experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4. Construction of SO-Nominal is fully funded, and operations and data analysis are funded for part of the planned five-year observations. We will seek federal funding to complete the observations and analysis of SO-Nominal, at the $25M level. The SO has a low risk and cost efficient upgrade path – the 6 m LAT can accommodate almost twice the baseline number of detectors and the SATs can be duplicated at low cost. We will seek funding at the $75M level for an expansion of the SO (‘SO-Enhanced’) that fills the remaining focal plane in the LAT, adds three SATs, and extends operations by five years, substantially improving our science return. By this time SO may be operating as part of the larger CMB-S4 project. This white paper summarizes and extends material presented in, which describes the science goals of SO-Nominal, and which describe the instrument design.

Published
2019

15. Snowmass2021 CMB-HD White Paper

Author

HD Collaboration, Aiola, Simone, Akrami, Yashar, Basu, Kaustuv, Boylan-Kolchin, Michael, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bryan, Sean, Casey, Caitlin M., Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Di Mascolo, Luca, Dicker, Simon, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Farren, Gerrit S., Fedderke, Michael A., Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Galitzki, Nicholas, Gluscevic, Vera, Grin, Daniel, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gil, Hotinli, Selim C., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Matthew, Klaassen, Pamela, MacInnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mandal, Sayan, Mauskopf, Philip, Meerburg, Daan, Meyers, Joel, Miranda, Vivian, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munoz, Julian, Naess, Sigurd, Nagai, Daisuke, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Oppenheimer, Benjamin D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Kendrick, Spergel, David, Switzer, Eric R., Trivedi, Pranjal, Tsai, Yu-Dai, van Engelen, Alexander, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wollack, Edward J., and Wu, Kimmy

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), hep-ex, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

CMB-HD is a proposed millimeter-wave survey over half the sky that would be ultra-deep (0.5 uK-arcmin) and have unprecedented resolution (15 arcseconds at 150 GHz). Such a survey would answer many outstanding questions about the fundamental physics of the Universe. Major advances would be 1.) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10 h Mpc^(-1)), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2.) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and velocity, another probe of cosmic structure. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds: 3.) ruling out or detecting any new, light (< 0.1 eV) particles that were in thermal equilibrium with known particles in the early Universe, 4.) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe, and 5.) ruling out or detecting inflationary magnetic fields. CMB-HD would also provide world-leading constraints on 6.) axion-like particles, 7.) cosmic birefringence, 8.) the sum of the neutrino masses, and 9.) the dark energy equation of state. The CMB-HD survey would be delivered in 7.5 years of observing 20,000 square degrees of sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis crossed Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. Each telescope would field 800,000 detectors (200,000 pixels), for a total of 1.6 million detectors., Contribution to Snowmass 2021. Note some text overlap with CMB-HD Astro2020 APC and RFI (arXiv:1906.10134, arXiv:2002.12714). Science case further broadened and updated

Published
2022
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16. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, Peter, primary, Aguirre, James, additional, Ahmed, Zeeshan, additional, Aiola, Simone, additional, Ali, Aamir, additional, Alonso, David, additional, Alvarez, Marcelo A., additional, Arnold, Kam, additional, Ashton, Peter, additional, Austermann, Jason, additional, Awan, Humna, additional, Baccigalupi, Carlo, additional, Baildon, Taylor, additional, Barron, Darcy, additional, Battaglia, Nick, additional, Battye, Richard, additional, Baxter, Eric, additional, Bazarko, Andrew, additional, Beall, James A., additional, Bean, Rachel, additional, Beck, Dominic, additional, Beckman, Shawn, additional, Beringue, Benjamin, additional, Bianchini, Federico, additional, Boada, Steven, additional, Boettger, David, additional, Bond, J. Richard, additional, Borrill, Julian, additional, Brown, Michael L., additional, Bruno, Sarah Marie, additional, Bryan, Sean, additional, Calabrese, Erminia, additional, Calafut, Victoria, additional, Calisse, Paolo, additional, Carron, Julien, additional, Challinor, Anthony, additional, Chesmore, Grace, additional, Chinone, Yuji, additional, Chluba, Jens, additional, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, additional, Choi, Steve, additional, Coppi, Gabriele, additional, Cothard, Nicholas F., additional, Coughlin, Kevin, additional, Crichton, Devin, additional, Crowley, Kevin D., additional, Crowley, Kevin T., additional, Cukierman, Ari, additional, D'Ewart, John M., additional, Dünner, Rolando, additional, de Haan, Tijmen, additional, Devlin, Mark, additional, Dicker, Simon, additional, Didier, Joy, additional, Dobbs, Matt, additional, Dober, Bradley, additional, Duell, Cody J., additional, Duff, Shannon, additional, Duivenvoorden, Adri, additional, Dunkley, Jo, additional, Dusatko, John, additional, Errard, Josquin, additional, Fabbian, Giulio, additional, Feeney, Stephen, additional, Ferraro, Simone, additional, Fluxà, Pedro, additional, Freese, Katherine, additional, Frisch, Josef C., additional, Frolov, Andrei, additional, Fuller, George, additional, Fuzia, Brittany, additional, Galitzki, Nicholas, additional, Gallardo, Patricio A., additional, Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, additional, Gao, Jiansong, additional, Gawiser, Eric, additional, Gerbino, Martina, additional, Gluscevic, Vera, additional, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, additional, Golec, Joseph, additional, Gordon, Sam, additional, Gralla, Megan, additional, Green, Daniel, additional, Grigorian, Arpi, additional, Groh, John, additional, Groppi, Chris, additional, Guan, Yilun, additional, Gudmundsson, Jon E., additional, Han, Dongwon, additional, Hargrave, Peter, additional, Hasegawa, Masaya, additional, Hasselfield, Matthew, additional, Hattori, Makoto, additional, Haynes, Victor, additional, Hazumi, Masashi, additional, He, Yizhou, additional, Healy, Erin, additional, Henderson, Shawn W., additional, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, additional, Hill, Charles A., additional, Hill, J. Colin, additional, Hilton, Gene, additional, Hilton, Matt, additional, Hincks, Adam D., additional, Hinshaw, Gary, additional, Hložek, Renée, additional, Ho, Shirley, additional, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, additional, Howe, Logan, additional, Huang, Zhiqi, additional, Hubmayr, Johannes, additional, Huffenberger, Kevin, additional, Hughes, John P., additional, Ijjas, Anna, additional, Ikape, Margaret, additional, Irwin, Kent, additional, Jaffe, Andrew H., additional, Jain, Bhuvnesh, additional, Jeong, Oliver, additional, Kaneko, Daisuke, additional, Karpel, Ethan D., additional, Katayama, Nobuhiko, additional, Keating, Brian, additional, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., additional, Keskitalo, Reijo, additional, Kisner, Theodore, additional, Kiuchi, Kenji, additional, Klein, Jeff, additional, Knowles, Kenda, additional, Koopman, Brian, additional, Kosowsky, Arthur, additional, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, additional, Kuenstner, Stephen E., additional, Kuo, Chao-Lin, additional, Kusaka, Akito, additional, Lashner, Jacob, additional, Lee, Adrian, additional, Lee, Eunseong, additional, Leon, David, additional, Leung, Jason S.-Y., additional, Lewis, Antony, additional, Li, Yaqiong, additional, Li, Zack, additional, Limon, Michele, additional, Linder, Eric, additional, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, additional, Louis, Thibaut, additional, Lowry, Lindsay, additional, Lungu, Marius, additional, Madhavacheril, Mathew, additional, Mak, Daisy, additional, Maldonado, Felipe, additional, Mani, Hamdi, additional, Mates, Ben, additional, Matsuda, Frederick, additional, Maurin, Loïc, additional, Mauskopf, Phil, additional, May, Andrew, additional, McCallum, Nialh, additional, McKenney, Chris, additional, McMahon, Jeff, additional, Meerburg, P. Daniel, additional, Meyers, Joel, additional, Miller, Amber, additional, Mirmelstein, Mark, additional, Moodley, Kavilan, additional, Munchmeyer, Moritz, additional, Munson, Charles, additional, Naess, Sigurd, additional, Nati, Federico, additional, Navaroli, Martin, additional, Newburgh, Laura, additional, Nguyen, Ho Nam, additional, Niemack, Michael, additional, Nishino, Haruki, additional, Orlowski-Scherer, John, additional, Page, Lyman, additional, Partridge, Bruce, additional, Peloton, Julien, additional, Perrotta, Francesca, additional, Piccirillo, Lucio, additional, Pisano, Giampaolo, additional, Poletti, Davide, additional, Puddu, Roberto, additional, Puglisi, Giuseppe, additional, Raum, Chris, additional, Reichardt, Christian L., additional, Remazeilles, Mathieu, additional, Rephaeli, Yoel, additional, Riechers, Dominik, additional, Rojas, Felipe, additional, Roy, Anirban, additional, Sadeh, Sharon, additional, Sakurai, Yuki, additional, Salatino, Maria, additional, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, additional, Schaan, Emmanuel, additional, Schmittfull, Marcel, additional, Sehgal, Neelima, additional, Seibert, Joseph, additional, Seljak, Uros, additional, Sherwin, Blake, additional, Shimon, Meir, additional, Sierra, Carlos, additional, Sievers, Jonathan, additional, Sikhosana, Precious, additional, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, additional, Simon, Sara M., additional, Sinclair, Adrian, additional, Siritanasak, Praween, additional, Smith, Kendrick, additional, Smith, Stephen R., additional, Spergel, David, additional, Staggs, Suzanne T., additional, Stein, George, additional, Stevens, Jason R., additional, Stompor, Radek, additional, Suzuki, Aritoki, additional, Tajima, Osamu, additional, Takakura, Satoru, additional, Teply, Grant, additional, Thomas, Daniel B., additional, Thorne, Ben, additional, Thornton, Robert, additional, Trac, Hy, additional, Tsai, Calvin, additional, Tucker, Carole, additional, Ullom, Joel, additional, Vagnozzi, Sunny, additional, Engelen, Alexander van, additional, Lanen, Jeff Van, additional, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, additional, Vavagiakis, Eve M., additional, Vergès, Clara, additional, Vissers, Michael, additional, Wagoner, Kasey, additional, Walker, Samantha, additional, Ward, Jon, additional, Westbrook, Ben, additional, Whitehorn, Nathan, additional, Williams, Jason, additional, Williams, Joel, additional, Wollack, Edward J., additional, Xu, Zhilei, additional, Yu, Byeonghee, additional, Yu, Cyndia, additional, Zago, Fernando, additional, Zhang, Hezi, additional, and Zhu, Ningfeng, additional

Published
2019
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17. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovskiy, Sarah S., Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen E., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S. -Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Stephen R., Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, Engelen, Alexander van, Lanen, Jeff Van, Winkle, Daniel D. Van, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, and Zhu, Ningfeng

Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and

Published
2019

18. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Francis-Yan, Cyr-Racine, Francesco, Bernardis, Haan, Tijmen, Di Serego Alighieri, Sperello, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Colin Hill, J., Hložek, Renée, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Chao-Lin, Kuo, Kusaka, Akito, Maude Le, Jeune, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Mathew Madhavacheril, Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., Jeffrey, Mcmahon, Pieter Daniel, Meerburg, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman, Glenn D., Story, Kyle T., Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn, Nathan, and Wu, W. L. Kimmy

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gr-qc, hep-th, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

Published
2017

19. Snowmass2021 CMB-HD White Paper

Author

Aiola, Simone, Akrami, Yashar, Basu, Kaustuv, Boylan-Kolchin, Michael, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bryan, Sean, Casey, Caitlin M., Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Di Mascolo, Luca, Dicker, Simon, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Farren, Gerrit S., Fedderke, Michael A., Ferraro, Simone, Fuller, George M., Galitzki, Nicholas, Gluscevic, Vera, Grin, Daniel, Han, Dongwon, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gil, Hotinli, Selim C., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Matthew, Klaassen, Pamela, Macinnis, Amanda, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Sayan Mandal, Mauskopf, Philip, Meerburg, Daan, Meyers, Joel, Miranda, Vivian, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munoz, Julian, Naess, Sigurd, Nagai, Daisuke, Namikawa, Toshiya, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael, Oppenheimer, Benjamin D., Pierpaoli, Elena, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Schaan, Emmanuel, Sehgal, Neelima, Sherwin, Blake, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Smith, Kendrick, Spergel, David, Switzer, Eric R., Trivedi, Pranjal, Tsai, Yu-Dai, Engelen, Alexander, Wandelt, Benjamin D., Wollack, Edward J., Wu, Kimmy, and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
velocity, birefringence, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], kinetic, resolution, magnetic field, dark matter: density, inflation: model, thermal, [PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], microwaves: background, gravitation: lens, pixel, gas: density, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, axion-like particles, neutrino: mass, structure, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], dark energy: equation of state
Abstract

CMB-HD is a proposed millimeter-wave survey over half the sky that would be ultra-deep (0.5 uK-arcmin) and have unprecedented resolution (15 arcseconds at 150 GHz). Such a survey would answer many outstanding questions about the fundamental physics of the Universe. Major advances would be 1.) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10 h Mpc^(-1)), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2.) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and velocity, another probe of cosmic structure. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds: 3.) ruling out or detecting any new, light (< 0.1 eV) particles that were in thermal equilibrium with known particles in the early Universe, 4.) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe, and 5.) ruling out or detecting inflationary magnetic fields. CMB-HD would also provide world-leading constraints on 6.) axion-like particles, 7.) cosmic birefringence, 8.) the sum of the neutrino masses, and 9.) the dark energy equation of state. The CMB-HD survey would be delivered in 7.5 years of observing 20,000 square degrees of sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis crossed Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. Each telescope would field 800,000 detectors (200,000 pixels), for a total of 1.6 million detectors.

20. The Simons Observatory: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper

Author

The Simons Observatory Collaboration, Abitbol, Maximilian H., Adachi, Shunsuke, Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Atkins, Zachary, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Lizancos, Anton Baleato, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bhandarkar, Tanay, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Bolliet, Boris, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Carl, Fred. M, Cayuso, Juan, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clark, Susan, Clarke, Philip, Contaldi, Carlo, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Coulton, Will, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D'Ewart, John M., Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody J., Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef C., Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Ghersi, Jose Tomas Galvez, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Halpern, Mark, Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn W., Hensley, Brandon, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Hill, J. Colin, Hilton, Gene, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong D., Hoh, Jonathan, Hotinli, Selim C., Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Matthew, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan D., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Kofman, Anna, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kusaka, Akito, LaPlante, Phil, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Liu, Jia, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McCarrick, Heather, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Mertens, James, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Moore, Jenna, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Murata, Masaaki, Naess, Sigurd, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Nishinomiya, Yume, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Pagano, Luca, Partridge, Bruce, Perrotta, Francesca, Phakathi, Phumlani, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Rotti, Aditya, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Shellard, Paul, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sifon, Cristobal, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Maximiliano, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Smith, Kendrick, Sohn, Wuhyun, Sonka, Rita, Spergel, David, Spisak, Jacob, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Treu, Jesse, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, Van Winkle, Daniel D., Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Wang, Yuhan, Ward, Jon, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Young, Edward, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndia, Zago, Fernando, Zannoni, Mario, Zhang, Hezi, Zheng, Kaiwen, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zonca, Andrea, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Simons Observatory, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), High-Energy Frontier, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment sited on Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert in Chile that promises to provide breakthrough discoveries in fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. Supported by the Simons Foundation, the Heising-Simons Foundation, and with contributions from collaborating institutions, SO will see first light in 2021 and start a five year survey in 2022. SO has 287 collaborators from 12 countries and 53 institutions, including 85 students and 90 postdocs. The SO experiment in its currently funded form ('SO-Nominal') consists of three 0.4 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT). Optimized for minimizing systematic errors in polarization measurements at large angular scales, the SATs will perform a deep, degree-scale survey of 10% of the sky to search for the signature of primordial gravitational waves. The LAT will survey 40% of the sky with arc-minute resolution. These observations will measure (or limit) the sum of neutrino masses, search for light relics, measure the early behavior of Dark Energy, and refine our understanding of the intergalactic medium, clusters and the role of feedback in galaxy formation. With up to ten times the sensitivity and five times the angular resolution of the Planck satellite, and roughly an order of magnitude increase in mapping speed over currently operating ("Stage 3") experiments, SO will measure the CMB temperature and polarization fluctuations to exquisite precision in six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. SO will rapidly advance CMB science while informing the design of future observatories such as CMB-S4., Comment: Astro2020 Decadal Project Whitepaper. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1808.07445

21. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, Kimmy Wu, W.L., Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, and Kimmy Wu, W.L.

Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

22. CMB-S4 Science Book, First Edition

Author

Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, Kimmy Wu, W.L., Abazajian, Kevork N., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bartlett, James G., Battaglia, Nicholas, Benson, Bradford A., Bischoff, Colin A., Borrill, Julian, Buza, Victor, Calabrese, Erminia, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Chang, Clarence L., Crawford, Thomas M., Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, De Bernardis, Francesco, De Haan,, Tijmen, Sperello di, Serego Alighieri, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorkin, Cora, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Fuller, George M., Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renee, Holder, Gilbert, Holzapfel, William, Hu, Wayne, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Keskitalo, Reijo, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Le Jeune, Maude, Lee, Adrian T., Lilley, Marc, Loverde, Marilena, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marsh, David J. E., McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, Pieter Daniel, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber D., Munoz, Julian B., Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Michael D., Peloso, Marco, Peloton, Julien, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Rocha, Graca, Rotti, Aditya, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Smith, Tristan L., Sorbo, Lorenzo, Starkman,, Glenn D., Story,, Kyle T., van Engelen,, Alexander, Vieira,, Joaquin D., Watson, Scott, Whitehorn,, Nathan, and Kimmy Wu, W.L.

Abstract

This book lays out the scientific goals to be addressed by the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment, CMB-S4, envisioned to consist of dedicated telescopes at the South Pole, the high Chilean Atacama plateau and possibly a northern hemisphere site, all equipped with new superconducting cameras. CMB-S4 will dramatically advance cosmological studies by crossing critical thresholds in the search for the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves, in the determination of the number and masses of the neutrinos, in the search for evidence of new light relics, in constraining the nature of dark energy, and in testing general relativity on large scales.

23. The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, Peter, Aguirre, James, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Aiola, Simone, Ali, Aamir, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo A., Arnold, Kam, Ashton, Peter, Austermann, Jason, Awan, Humna, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baildon, Taylor, Barron, Darcy, Battaglia, Nick, Battye, Richard, Baxter, Eric, Bazarko, Andrew, Beall, James A., Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Beckman, Shawn, Beringue, Benjamin, Bianchini, Federico, Boada, Steven, Boettger, David, Richard Bond, J., Borrill, Julian, Brown, Michael L., Bruno, Sarah Marie, Bryan, Sean, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Calisse, Paolo, Carron, Julien, Challinor, Anthony, Chesmore, Grace, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Coppi, Gabriele, Cothard, Nicholas F., Coughlin, Kevin, Crichton, Devin, Crowley, Kevin D., Crowley, Kevin T., Cukierman, Ari, D`Ewart, Mitch, Dünner, Rolando, de Haan, Tijmen, Devlin, Mark, Dicker, Simon, DIDIER, JOY, Dobbs, Matt, Dober, Bradley, Duell, Cody, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adri, Dunkley, Jo, Dusatko, John, Errard, Josquin, Fabbian, Giulio, Feeney, Stephen, Ferraro, Simone, Fluxà, Pedro, Freese, Katherine, Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Fuller, George, Fuzia, Brittany, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galvez Ghersi, Jose Tomas, Gao, Jiansong, Gawiser, Eric, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Golec, Joseph, Gordon, Sam, Gralla, Megan, Green, Daniel, Grigorian, Arpi, Groh, John, Groppi, Chris, Guan, Yilun, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Han, Dongwon, Hargrave, Peter, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hattori, Makoto, Haynes, Victor, Hazumi, Masashi, He, Yizhou, Healy, Erin, Henderson, Shawn, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, Charles A., Colin Hill, J., HILTON, GENE, Hilton, Matt, Hincks, Adam D., Hinshaw, Gary, Hložek, Renée, Ho, Shirley, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Howe, Logan, Huang, Zhiqi, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hughes, John P., Ijjas, Anna, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jaffe, Andrew H., Jain, Bhuvnesh, Jeong, Oliver, Kaneko, Daisuke, Karpel, Ethan, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keating, Brian, Kernasovski, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Kiuchi, Kenji, Klein, Jeff, Knowles, Kenda, Koopman, Brian, Kosowsky, Arthur, Krachmalnicoff, Nicoletta, Kuenstner, Stephen, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lashner, Jacob, Lee, Adrian, Lee, Eunseong, Leon, David, Leung, Jason S.-Y., Lewis, Antony, Li, Yaqiong, Li, Zack, Limon, Michele, Linder, Eric, Lopez-Caraballo, Carlos, Louis, Thibaut, Lowry, Lindsay, Lungu, Marius, Madhavacheril, Mathew, Mak, Daisy, Maldonado, Felipe, Mani, Hamdi, Mates, Ben, Matsuda, Frederick, Maurin, Loïc, Mauskopf, Phil, May, Andrew, McCallum, Nialh, McKenney, Chris, McMahon, Jeff, Daniel Meerburg, P., Meyers, Joel, Miller, Amber, Mirmelstein, Mark, Moodley, Kavilan, Munchmeyer, Moritz, Munson, Charles, Naess, Sigurd, Nati, Federico, Navaroli, Martin, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Ho Nam, Niemack, Mike, Nishino, Haruki, Orlowski-Scherer, John, Page, Lyman, Partridge, Bruce, Peloton, Julien, Perrotta, Francesca, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Poletti, Davide, Puddu, Roberto, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Raum, Chris, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rephaeli, Yoel, Riechers, Dominik, Rojas, Felipe, Roy, Anirban, Sadeh, Sharon, Sakurai, Yuki, Salatino, Maria, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schmittfull, Marcel, Sehgal, Neelima, Seibert, Joseph, Seljak, Uros, Sherwin, Blake, Shimon, Meir, Sierra, Carlos, Sievers, Jonathan, Sikhosana, Precious, Silva-Feaver, Max, Simon, Sara M., Sinclair, Adrian, Siritanasak, Praween, Smith, Kendrick, Smith, Steve, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne, Stein, George, Stevens, Jason R., Stompor, Radek, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Takakura, Satoru, Teply, Grant, Thomas, Daniel B., Thorne, Ben, Thornton, Robert, Trac, Hy, Tsai, Calvin, Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Vagnozzi, Sunny, van Engelen, Alexander, Van Lanen, Jeff, van Winkle, Dan, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vissers, Michael, Wagoner, Kasey, Walker, Samantha, Ward, Jon, WESTBROOK, BEN, Whitehorn, Nathan, Williams, Jason, Williams, Joel, Wollack, Edward J., Xu, Zhilei, Ye, Jiani, Yu, Byeonghee, Yu, Cyndria, Zago, Fernando, Zhang, Hezi, Zhu, Ningfeng, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Simons Observatory, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ANR-17-CE31-0022,BxB,Champs B interstellaires et modes B de l'inflation(2017), Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, M, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, J, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Brown, M, Bruno, S, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, H, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, N, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, J, Dünner, R, de Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, J, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, P, Ghersi, J, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, J, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, S, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hill, C, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hincks, A, Hinshaw, G, Hložek, R, Ho, S, Howe, L, Huang, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Ijjas, A, Ikape, M, Irwin, K, Jaffe, A, Jain, B, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Karpel, E, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kernasovskiy, S, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kiuchi, K, Klein, J, Knowles, K, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kuenstner, S, Kuo, C, Kusaka, A, Lashner, J, Lee, A, Lee, E, Leon, D, Leung, J, Lewis, A, Li, Y, Li, Z, Limon, M, Linder, E, Lopez-Caraballo, C, Louis, T, Lowry, L, Lungu, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mak, D, Maldonado, F, Mani, H, Mates, B, Matsuda, F, Maurin, L, Mauskopf, P, May, A, Mccallum, N, Mckenney, C, Mcmahon, J, Meerburg, P, Meyers, J, Miller, A, Mirmelstein, M, Moodley, K, Munchmeyer, M, Munson, C, Naess, S, Nati, F, Navaroli, M, Newburgh, L, Nguyen, H, Niemack, M, Nishino, H, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Page, L, Partridge, B, Peloton, J, Perrotta, F, Piccirillo, L, Pisano, G, Poletti, D, Puddu, R, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Remazeilles, M, Rephaeli, Y, Riechers, D, Rojas, F, Roy, A, Sadeh, S, Sakurai, Y, Salatino, M, Rao, M, Schaan, E, Schmittfull, M, Sehgal, N, Seibert, J, Seljak, U, Sherwin, B, Shimon, M, Sierra, C, Sievers, J, Sikhosana, P, Silva-Feaver, M, Simon, S, Sinclair, A, Siritanasak, P, Smith, K, Smith, S, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Stein, G, Stevens, J, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Teply, G, Thomas, D, Thorne, B, Thornton, R, Trac, H, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vagnozzi, S, Engelen, A, Lanen, J, Winkle, D, Vavagiakis, E, Vergès, C, Vissers, M, Wagoner, K, Walker, S, Ward, J, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Williams, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Yu, B, Yu, C, Zago, F, Zhang, H, Zhu, N, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and High-Energy Frontier

Subjects
CMBR polarisation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, CMBR experiments, Cosmological parameters from CMBR, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planck, Reionization, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/05, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmological parameters from CMBR, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Gravitational lens, 13. Climate action, Sky, symbols, astro-ph.CO, Neutrino, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes (SATs) and one large-aperture 6-m telescope (LAT), with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The SATs will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping ~10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, at a target level of $\sigma(r)=0.003$. The LAT will map ~40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 $\mu$K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the LSST sky region and partially with DESI. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources., Comment: This paper presents an overview of the Simons Observatory science goals, details about the instrument will be presented in a companion paper. The author contribution to this paper is available at https://simonsobservatory.org/publications.php (Abstract abridged) -- matching version published in JCAP

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