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Nhat Nguyen Ngoc,1 My Tran Ngoc Thao,2 Sang Trieu Tien,3 Son Vu Tung,4 Hoang Le,5 Hung Ho Sy,6 Tung Nguyen Thanh,1 Son Trinh The1 1Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 2Département de formation Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75006, France; 3Department of Biology and Genetics, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 4Department of Epidemiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 5IVFTA, Tam Anh General Hospital, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam; 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, VietnamCorrespondence: Son Trinh The; Tung Nguyen Thanh, Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam, Email trinhtheson@vmmu.edu.vn; nguyenthanhtung@vmmu.edu.vnObjective: To investigate the relationship between unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) and polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related genes in women.Materials and Methods: A case–control study included 90 women with two or more consecutive unexplained pregnancy losses and 92 controlled women without miscarriage history; the female participants were in the age category of 18– 35 years. The high-resolution melting technique was used to detect the single-nucleotide variants related to homocysteine metabolism disorder, namely MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphism.Results: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism had significantly correlation with URPL. Indeed, the frequency of the677T allele and genotypes (677CT, 677TT) in the URPL group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the allele, as well as genotype distribution of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). MTHFR 677CT-1298AC genotype combination led to a 9.0-fold increased risk of URPL (OR 9.0; 95% CI, 2.25– 35.99; p = 0.001), while the risk increased 10.0-fold (OR 10.0; 95% CI, 1.8– 55.53; p = 0.008) when participants had more than the 3 variant loci.Conclusion: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was a risk factor for URPL, and determining the MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a potential prediction of URPL risk. Moreover, the MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C joint mutants might have a synergistic effect on URPL. Conversely, there is a lack of evidence suggesting the URPL risk of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms.Keywords: unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss, homocysteine, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, MTRR A66G

Son Trinh The,1,&ast; Sang Trieu Tien,2,&ast; Tam Vu Van,3,4 Nhat Nguyen Ngoc,1 My Tran Ngoc Thao,5 Khoa Tran Van,2 Dinh Vu Nhat,6,7 Binh Do Nhu8,9 1Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 2Department of Biology and Genetics, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 3Director Office, Hai Phong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haiphong, 40000, Vietnam; 4Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, 40000, Vietnam; 5Département de formation Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75006, France; 6Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 7Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 121– 08, Vietnam; 8Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 9Department of Infectious Disease, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dinh Vu NhatMilitary Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, VietnamEmail vunhatdinh@vmmu.edu.vnBackground: Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare sex-linked recessive disorder that disrupts adrenal gland function and the white matter of the nervous system. According to recent epidemiological statistics, up to this moment, the disease is the most recorded peroxisomal disorder. ABCD1 is a gene related to ALD, with more than 850 unique mutations have been reported. Early diagnosis of the disease would help to consult families with ALD to plan for interventions to prevent passing along the pathogenic mutations to their children.Material and Methods: A heterozygous ABCD1 gene mutation related to ALD found in a Vietnamese woman was used to design primers for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the segment spanning the mutation. Then, combining sequencing methods for the PCR products, especially Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS), a protocol was developed to detect mutations on the ABCD1 gene to apply for the DNA samples of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos biopsied at the blastocyst stage to screen for pathogenic alleles.Results: The established protocol for PGD of ALD detected mutant alleles in 5/8 embryos (62.5%), while the remaining 3 embryos (37.5%) did not carry any mutation. One of the 3 embryos was transferred, and a healthy female baby was born after a full-term pregnancy.Conclusion: The developed protocol was helpful for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis process to help families with the monogenic disease of ALD but wish to have healthy children.Keywords: adrenoleukodystrophy, ALD, peroxisome disorder, ABCD1 gene mutation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, PGD

Alcohol and e-cigarette use are prevalent among college students in Vietnam. Due to the negative impact that both can have on health and academic performance, these trends are concerning. While previous research has supported the role that religiosity may serve as a protective factor against substance use in many studies, there continues to be limited information on the relationship between religiosity and substance use among the Vietnamese population. The current study aims to expand research findings examining the relationships between religiosity characterized by Buddhism and alcohol drinking and e-cigarette smoking among college students in Vietnam, controlling for age, sex, and peer substance use. Two binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, using a sample of 263 college students aged between 18 to 24 from a private university in a large city in the country. The findings of the study suggested that religiosity characterized by Buddhism had no deterrent impact on e-cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among the sample, which is in contrast with the current research findings based on Judeo-Christian and Muslim religions. Possible explanations and implications for social work practice in Vietnam are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teen drinking is a societal concern in Vietnam, which requires more efforts to find out risk factors leading to alcohol drinking among teenagers with hope to prevent or reduce the problem in the country. A Binary logistic regression analysis was computed, using a sample of 3978 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 in Vietnam, to examine the impacts of family conflict and negative emotions on alcohol use among the teenagers. Findings of the main effects revealed that both family conflict and negative emotions were associated with alcohol drinking among Vietnamese adolescents. Specifically, Vietnamese adolescents are more likely to drink alcohol if they have negative emotions or experience family conflict. The findings of this study have implications for adolescents, parents, local authorities, and social services agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use amongst adolescents in Vietnam is concerning and the idea is that optimism may serve as a protective factor against the problem. This study aims to examine the effects of optimism on teen drinking in the country. A Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted, using a sample of 3978 adolescents aged between 14 and 18 in Vietnam from the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth (SAVY). Findings of the main effects revealed that optimism had deterrent effects on alcohol drinking among the teenagers. Specifically, the adolescents are less likely to drink alcohol if they are optimistic about their future. Results of this study have implications for those working in substance use services, parents, teachers, and others working with teenagers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]