Search

IntroductionMulti-omics studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed many potential disease pathways and therapeutic targets. Despite their promise of precision medicine, these studies lacked Black Americans (BA) and Latin Americans (LA), who are disproportionately affected by AD.MethodsTo bridge this gap, Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Alzheimer's Disease (AMP-AD) expanded brain multi-omics profiling to multi-ethnic donors.ResultsWe generated multi-omics data and curated and harmonized phenotypic data from BA (n = 306), LA (n = 326), or BA and LA (n = 4) brain donors plus non-Hispanic White (n = 252) and other (n = 20) ethnic groups, to establish a foundational dataset enriched for BA and LA participants. This study describes the data available to the research community, including transcriptome from three brain regions, whole genome sequence, and proteome measures.DiscussionThe inclusion of traditionally underrepresented groups in multi-omics studies is essential to discovering the full spectrum of precision medicine targets that will be pertinent to all populations affected with AD.HighlightsAccelerating Medicines Partnership in Alzheimer's Disease Diversity Initiative led brain tissue profiling in multi-ethnic populations. Brain multi-omics data is generated from Black American, Latin American, and non-Hispanic White donors. RNA, whole genome sequencing and tandem mass tag proteomicsis completed and shared. Multiple brain regions including caudate, temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were profiled.

Solvent-based methods for recycling polyolefin plastic waste have caught increasing attention, as they can produce recycled plastic of significantly higher quality than currently employed techniques. In this study, to demonstrate the development of plastic recycling systems for a circular economy, three solvent-based processes used for recycling polypropylene (PP), one of the most widely used plastic materials in Japan, were rigorously modeled and analyzed in terms of economic performance and CO2 emissions. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment-based method was applied to quantify all sources of CO2 emissions comprehensively. The most common solvent-based recycling method, in which the polymer is dissolved in a solvent and precipitated with an antisolvent, had the lowest economic performance and produced the highest CO2 emissions: 1.30 kg of CO2-equivalent per kg rPP. A more recently developed process in which the temperature of the solvent is manipulated to effect dissolution and precipitation had lower CO2 emissions, at 0.92 kg kg−1 rPP, and the most promising economic performance. A novel process using supercritical propane as the solvent achieved the lowest emissions of 0.32 kg kg−1 rPP with similar economic performance to the temperature-dependent separation process. The environmental competitiveness (in terms of CO2 emissions) of these recycling processes is further investigated by comparison with alternative state-of-the-art methods of plastic waste disposal, including mechanical recycling, gasification, and incineration with thermal recovery. Sensitivity studies were carried out to explore the effect of the waste plastic feed composition resulting from different preparation (sorting) methods on the economic and environmental performance of the three solvent-based recycling processes. The results obtained from this study are expected to provide valuable insights for constructing a green and cost-effective PP recycling process toward a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been extensive research on detecting damage or identifying changes in stiffness in structures by analyzing their dynamic properties or responses. The fundamental idea is that damage or loss of integrity in a structural system can affect its response to dynamic forces, leading to changes in properties like eigenfrequencies, modal damping ratios, mode shape, and transfer functions. In Vietnam and some other countries in the Southeast Asia region, the prevailing climate conditions, slow economic development, and geographical location have resulted in the construction of predominantly short-span bridges with a limited number of spans. This is primarily because these bridges connect small channels and waterways. This characteristic provides a basis for developing and applying research findings specifically for this group of bridges, as they are seldom encountered and researched in other countries worldwide. This paper presents a damage identification technique for short-span bridges based on changes in the representative power spectral density (RPSD) and the static moment of area (SSM). The proposed method is applied to experimental data obtained from various bridge models, including prestressed concrete, reinforced concrete, and composite steel bridges. It is important to note that changes in RPSD and SSM are independent of traffic conditions on the bridge but instead rely on the structural and material properties of the bridge spans. By utilizing RPSD and SSM, new advancements can be made in assessing the structural condition of bridges using vibration signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvents have a significant impact on the efficiency and performance of chemical production. A large amount of solvent disposed after chemical production negatively impacts the environment and the economy. This study presents a solvent selection method based on a conceptual process design, which includes solvent processes used in chemical synthesis and waste solvent treatment. The proposed method is demonstrated with Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as a model reaction. The results show that solvent recycling costs and CO2 emissions were lower than those observed for incineration. Importantly, if the appropriate solvent is selected, the cost and CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 67% and 70%, respectively, even with similar yields in the reaction. These results suggest that solvent selection combined with conceptual process design is the key to developing sustainable chemical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there have been numerous papers analyzing the political, economic and social effects of trust, there is little evidence on how social trust has an impact on property rights protection which is fundamental for promoting economic development. This study aims to investigate how trust value is related to property rights protection, focusing on the comparison of the effect on intellectual property rights versus physical property rights. Analyzing the data on property rights protection in 2015 from the Property Right Alliance organization and trust value from the World Value Survey from 1999 to 2014, we find that social trust has a direct effect only on intellectual property rights protection but less consistent on physical property rights protection. However, trust value has indirect effect on both forms of property rights protection via formal institutions. Our study, thus, adds to the literature by clarifying the context through which trust value affects cheating behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A defective structure has been evaluated and identified in beam models' deflection measurement signals in much research. However, many results have not been optimally exploited and evaluated to find new parameters for data excavation. This manuscript proposes a cumulative welding model and a cumulative circle of deflection signals for a defective beam under the impact of a moving force. Based on this evaluation model, the manuscript recognizes that the speed of the moving force will determine the regression speed of the received datasets, which is considered the basis for showing the working ability of a beam structure with defects. Moreover, the structure's cumulative regression circle also shows its resilience in that structure after the impact of the load. The development of defects in the structure will depend on both the structure's level and resilience after each bearing-load cycle. Our research has shown us that the method of evaluation and use of both the cumulative model and cumulative circle from the deflection's measured value have yielded more results compared to the previous method. This research can evaluate many defects in different situations while simultaneously evaluating many types of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]