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Global climate models suggest that many ecosystems will experience reduced precipitation over the next century and the consequences for invasive plant performance are largely unknown. Annual invasive species may be able to quickly evolve traits associated with drought escape or tolerance through rapid genetic changes. We investigated the influence of 5 years of water and nitrogen manipulations on trait values in a southern California grassland system. Seeds from two annual grass species (Avena barbata and Bromus madritensis) were collected from experimental plots and grown in a common environment over two generations. We measured 14 physiological, morphological, phenological and reproductive traits. Both species displayed phenotypic differences depending on the water treatment from which they were collected, but not depending on the nitrogen treatment. Both species displayed trait values characteristic of drought escape (e.g. earlier flowering in A. barbata and B. madritensis, lower water-use efficiency in B. madritensis) when grown from the seeds collected from plots that experienced five years of reduced precipitation. Furthermore, A. barbata individuals grown from the seeds collected from drought plots had higher reproductive output and higher photosynthetic performance than individuals grown from water addition plots, with individuals grown from ambient plots displaying intermediate trait values. Notably, we found no phenotypic variation among treatments for six root traits. Synthesis. Trait differences were observed following two generations in a common garden, suggesting that treatment differences were genetically based. This suggests that populations were responding to selection over the 5 years of water manipulations, a remarkably short time period. The rapid evolutionary responses observed here may help these two widespread invasive grass species thrive under reduced precipitation scenarios, which could have important implications for fire dynamics, invasive species management and native plant restoration in communities invaded by annual grasses.

Digital transformation (DX) is complex with many automated parts, underlying integrations and processes that need to fit all together. Tools to support the management of DX activities are, therefore, crucial for every business. However, there are just a few of such tools available these days that can help businesses with the DX management both effectively and comprehensively, but none of them was designed particularly for small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) of Vietnam. In this study, we will conduct an overview of recent studies on DX, methods and models for SMEs, and relevant research works regarding information support systems for the management of DX for SMEs. We then propose a novel administrative support system that not only addresses the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art DX management systems but also meets the requirements of DX for SMEs in Vietnam. In addition to the system design and development, we also implement and benchmark the software product at 11 SMEs in Vietnam (and some results if any).

Việc phát triển các ngành kinh tế có tác động lớn đến nền kinh tế quốc dân với lượng phát thải CO2 nhỏ và có khả năng tạo ra việc làm thật sự trở nên cấp thiết ở các quốc gia, đặc biệt khi nhiệt độ toàn cầu đang nóng dần lên. Bài báo xây dựng mô hình Ma trận hạch toán xã hội Việt Nam 2020 (VNSAM 2020) kết hợp với dữ liệu khí thải CO2 để làm rõ mức độ liên kết ngành, khả năng phát thải và tạo việc làm của các ngành kinh tế. Kết quả phân tích đã xác định được các ngành kinh tế ưu tiên phát triển, đồng thời nhấn mạnh vai trò quan trọng của hộ gia đình đối với tăng trưởng kinh tế, tạo việc làm và giảm lượng khí thải CO2. Dựa trên kết quả nghiên cứu, bài báo đã đề xuất các khuyến nghị nhằm phát triển các ngành kinh tế ưu tiên phát triển, đảm bảo lộ trình tái cơ cấu kinh tế tối ưu để đạt được sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở Việt Nam.

We examine the influence of accounting reporting complexity at the corporate level on firm debt ratings. Utilizing a dataset comprising non-financial firms in the United States from 2011 to 2017, our findings indicate a statistically significant adverse impact of accounting reporting complexity on debt ratings. This suggests that firms characterized by higher accounting reporting complexity (ARC) levels tend to exhibit lower debt ratings. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the cost of debt serves as a crucial mechanism through which ARC influences debt ratings. Overall, firms are advised to enhance communication with stakeholders, collaborate with credit rating agencies, and maintain vigilance in monitoring and adapting to changes in reporting standards and industry practices, contributing to overall financial stability and investor confidence.

Three organoplatinum(II) complexes bearing natural arylolefin and quinoline derivatives, namely, [4-methoxy-5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl](quinolin-8-olato)platinum(II), [Pt(C13H15O4)(C9H6NO)], (I), [4-methoxy-5-(2-oxo-2-propoxyethoxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl](quinoline-2-carboxylato)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)(C10H6NO2)], (II), and chlorido[4-methoxy-5-(2-oxo-2-propoxyethoxy)-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenyl](quinoline)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)Cl(C9H7N)], (III), were synthesized and structurally characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the cycloplatinated arylolefin coordinates with PtII via the carbon atom of the phenyl ring and the C=Colefinic group. The deprotonated 8-hydroxyquinoline (C9H6NO) and quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (C10H6NO2) coordinate with the PtII atom via the N and O atoms in complexes (I) and (II) while the quinoline (C9H7N) coordinates via the N atom in (III). Moreover, the coordinating N atom in complexes (I)–(III) is in the cis position compared to the C=Colefinic group. The crystal packing is characterized by C—H...π, C—H...O [for (II) and (III)], C—H...Cl [for (III) and π–π [for (I)] interactions.

Article accepted. The article will be published here soon. Pending final quality checks.

In median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS), the median arcuate ligament compresses the celiac trunk and surrounding nerves leading to chronic functional abdominal pain and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. MALS can be effectively treated by dividing the arcuate ligament through open surgery or laparoscopy. This is a rare vascular condition and mostly encountered in adult patients. We hereby report a case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with MALS and treated successfully by laparoscopic approach. An 11-year-old girl presented with severe abdominal cramps for 3 months, accompanied by nonbilious vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated clear images of celiac trunk compression suggesting MALS. Laparoscopic surgery to cut the ligament and decompress the celiac artery was performed. The patient was discharged on day 7 postoperative with no recurrence of symptoms after 12 months of follow-up. This report suggested the diagnostic value of CT scan, and the safety and the feasibility of laparoscopic surgical techniques to treat MALS in children.

Nghiên cứu này khám phá các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá trị xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam, dựa trên dữ liệu từ 2010 đến 2021 của Việt Nam và 20 đối tác thương mại. Sử dụng phương pháp định lượng và mô hình trọng lực mở rộng, phân tích tiết lộ, quy mô kinh tế đối tác, giá gỗ thế giới, sản lượng gỗ Việt Nam, khoảng cách địa lý, tỷ giá hối đoái, lạm phát, và tham gia vào các Hiệp định Thương mại Tự do (FTA) có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ. Các kết quả ước lượng cho thấy, cách thức các yếu tố này tác động đến ngành xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam, đồng thời đề xuất các khuyến nghị chính sách để hỗ trợ sự phát triển của ngành. Nghiên cứu góp phần mở rộng hiểu biết về tác động của các yếu tố kinh tế, thị trường, và chính sách đến ngành xuất khẩu quan trọng này, hướng tới việc củng cố và mở rộng thị trường xuất khẩu gỗ và sản phẩm gỗ của Việt Nam.

Background: Persistent postpartum hypertension in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may indicate a progression towards chronic hypertension. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the predictors of persistent hypertension at six weeks after delivery among women with HDP in Vietnam. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vietnam from March 2023 to October 2023. Our study population included women with HDP who were 18 years or above and delivered after 22 weeks of gestation. Participants were enrolled within 24 h of delivery and followed up to six weeks after delivery. Persistent hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg or receiving anti-hypertensive medications at six weeks postpartum. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors. Results: Of the 343 participants initially enrolled, 293 were successfully followed up (follow-up rate 85.4 %). Among women with HDP, 10.9 % experienced persistent hypertension at six weeks after delivery. Specifically, 7.7 % of women with gestational hypertension and 11.8 % of those with preeclampsia – eclampsia remained hypertensive at this time point. Maternal age of 35 years or older, elevated serum urea level (>6.7 μmol/l), and hypertension at seven days after delivery were identified as independent predictors of persistent postpartum hypertension. Conclusion: Approximately one in ten women with HDP in our study remained hypertensive at six weeks after delivery. It is crucial to implement effective strategies for identifying these women and providing timely interventions to control BP and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular complications following HDP.

The escalating public debt in African nations has sparked global discussions regarding the sustainability within the region. This concern primarily stems from China's increasing role as a significant financier of African infrastructure projects, raising fears that China might be using debt to gain geopolitical leverage by ensnaring impoverished nations in unmanageable loan agreements. To address this issue, we employ three distinct approaches: a descriptive trend analysis, an examination of the debt-to-GDP ratio, and a modelling approach.For the modelling, we utilize a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to assess the short and long-term relationships between economic growth and specified independent variables, including loans. We choose this model because it allows for panel data analysis encompassing the African countries over a span of 20 years and accounts for potential autocorrelation through the inclusion of lagged terms.Our key findings indicate that, based on the debt-to-GDP ratio, some African countries have sustainable debt levels, while others are at risk of facing financial distress. Furthermore, the results of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model suggest that Chinese loans contribute to long-term economic growth in the region. Therefore, our study recommends that African governments implement robust debt management strategies to avoid default. Additionally, they should recognize that debt can stimulate economic growth when utilized to enhance infrastructure and production capacity.

The South China Sea (SCS) conflict has become a critical factor for regional peace and development with growing geopolitical competition between China and the USA. To face the rising threat of China, the study argues that the balance of power theory is relevant to explain why Vietnam attempts to strengthen strategic alliances with the USA, Russia, EU, and India to balance against the rising threat of China in SCS. However, this theory is not able to explain why Vietnam has a bandwagoning policy toward China at the same time. To fill the gap of the previous studies, this study endeavors to put forward the point that as geopolitical rivalry between the two superpowers, the United States and China, intensifies, Vietnam is put in a predicament of balancing the economic and the political choices against the choices of taking a neutral stand against the assertiveness of China in the SCS. Further, the alternative traditional balance options with ASEAN, and Russia are not sufficiently effective for Vietnam to balance against China since the position of both ASEAN and Russia is much weaker than China. This study also suggests that the support of the USA, EU, and its alliance for Vietnam’s position creates unbearable costs for China’s aggressive behaviors in SCS. By using the mathematical and logical framework, the study suggests that Vietnam tends to adopt a mixed strategy (balancing, bandwagoning, neutrality) in dealing with China’s threats.

Key clinical message An epidermoid cyst is a benign tumor in many locations. The symptoms of an epidermoid cyst depend on its location. The brain or spine MRI can confirm the lesion. Removing total decompression is the first choice in treatment with a symptomatic cyst.

Key Clinical Message Gallbladder volvulus (GV) is a medical emergency and a rare cause of acute abdominal pain among the pediatric population. GV is more prominent usually in boys in pediatric patients. If it is not diagnosed and surgically intervened promptly, GV will become a life‐threating condition. Fortunately, a safe and effective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now widely indicated. A 5 years old female patient with abdominal pain and heavy much vomiting was referred to the emergency room in our hospital. She was suspiciously diagnosed with acute inflammation of the gallbladder according to the results of abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) scan already performed on admission. One day after the hospitalization, abdominal ultrasound, and CT scan were performed again because of intensification of her abdominal pain and revealed the clinical portrait of GV such as a “floating gallbladder” sign, an echogenic cone structure, an elongated axis displaced horizontally instead of vertically and a lack of intramural blood flow. The acute GV diagnosis was made and the patient was operated, using the laparoscopic cholecystectomy on time, the gallbladder was tightly twisted clockwise at approximately 720°. The operation and postoperative treatment went quite well and the patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative Day 7. GV is very rare in children, easily omitted or misdiagnosed with cholecystitis. Imaging diagnosis such as ultrasound, CT with contrast helps make diagnosis promptly that avoids severe complications such as gallbladder perforation, necrosis, and biliary peritonitis.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tuyển chọn chất mang thích hợp để tồn trữ vi khuẩn hấp thu sodium tripolyphosphate Comamonas sp. PAN1.12 phân lập từ hệ thống xử lý nước thải chế biến thủy sản. Mười một chất mang được khảo sát gồm bã mía, bã cà phê, bột talc, cám, rơm, mạt cưa được sử dụng riêng lẻ và phối trộn năm loại chất mang với bột talc theo tỉ lệ 1:1. Bột talc và hỗn hợp mạt cưa với bột talc có bổ sung 1% carboxymethyl cellulose, 1,5% CaCO3 và chủng 100×106 CFU/g có khả năng duy trì mật số (>106 CFU/g) và hấp thu sodium tripolyphosphate (tương đương 67%) của vi khuẩn Comamonas sp. PAN1.12 sau một tháng tồn trữ. Nồng độ chất bổ trợ carboxymethyl cellulose và mật số vi khuẩn chủng vào ban đầu có ảnh hưởng đến mật số vi khuẩn nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến khả năng hấp thu sodium tripolyphosphate của vi khuẩn PAN1.12.

Bài báo trình bày các kết quả nghiên cứu quá trình dập vuốt biến mỏng thành vỏ liều đạn 40 mm NATO từ hợp kim đồng LK75. Mô đun Multiple-Operation của phần mềm thương mại Deform 2D được sử dụng cho bài toán mô phỏng nhiều bước trong quy trình công nghệ tạo hình. Mô hình vật liệu dẻo biến cứng được xây dựng bằng thí nghiệm thử kéo. Kết quả mô phỏng cho thấy, sự phân bố ứng suất và biến dạng không đồng đều trong sản phẩm sau dập vuốt biến mỏng thành. Đồng thời cho thấy sự tăng cường về ứng suất và biến dạng sau các bước dập vuốt biến mỏng thành. Ứng suất cao nhất là 650 MPa và 850 MPa tương ứng với bước dập vuốt biến mỏng thành số 4 và số 5. Biến dạng tương đương ở vị trí cách miệng bán sản phẩm 50 mm của bước 4 và bước 5 tương ứng là 0,528 (mm/mm) và 1,36 (mm/mm). Chính đặc điểm này của quá trình biến dạng nguội sẽ quyết định đến đặc điểm cơ tính của vỏ liều nhằm đáp ứng điều kiện hoạt động của chi tiết.

Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are abnormal connections of coronary arteries where venous circuits bypass the normal capillaries in the myocardium. CAFs are rare, and most patients are asymptomatic. However, CAFs are the most common coronary artery anomalies affecting coronary hemodynamics. While most CAFs are asymptomatic in young patients, symptoms and complications become more frequent with increasing age. CAFs are characterized by variable clinical manifestations based on their size, origin, and drainage site. We describe a 35-year-old woman presenting with the shortness of breath after walking. Despite attempting medical treatment, the patient continued to experience dyspnea, fatigue, fainting the and chest pain episodes. After admission, cardiac imaging was immediately performed and recorded symptomatic CAFs. Percutaneous transcatheter closure treatment was indicated. The patient was discharged with clinical recovery. The treatment of symptomatic CAFs often requires the clear cardiac imaging and endovascular approach to achieve the best clinical results.

The objective of this study is to determine the factors of customer experience that influence customer loyalty. Besides, the mediating role of customer satisfaction will also be considered. Data was collected from a survey of 696 passengers who live in Ho Chi Minh City and used flight service with low-cost airlines in Vietnam. The research results from the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that six factors of customer experience have positively impacted customer loyalty in descending order as follows: Flight attendant quality, Check-in/luggage service, Online Booking Service, Convenient Flight Schedule, Lounge, and Service Reliability. In addition, these relationships have been mediated totally by customer satisfaction. The study also suggested some implications for building a better service experience at low-cost airlines in Ho Chi Minh City to increase customer loyalty.

This study investigates the impact of policy uncertainty on stock liquidity in Vietnam’s M&A market. Using a comprehensive sample of M&A acquisition deals over the 2005-2020 period, we find that policy uncertainty is negatively associated with stock liquidity of target firms, indicating that firms should increase their information disclosure to improve the information environment during periods of increased asymmetric information due to policy uncertainty. We also find that higher levels of policy uncertainty lead to lower market valuations of target firms, reflecting greater market skepticism about the completion of the transaction and related synergy benefits. This study highlights the importance of transparency in improving stock liquidity and suggests that policymakers need to consider the impact of domestic economic and investment policies on M&A activity and stock liquidity in Vietnam.

The harmful wax moth larvae on honeybees, which decrease beekeeping productivity, are a worldwide concern. However, since beekeeping only has developed recently in Vietnam, identifying this insect has been neglected. Through morphological characteristics and molecular identification, this study accurately identified the harmful wax moth in three provinces: Long An, Binh Duong, and DakLak. Larvae samples collected in three provinces range in size from 15 - 20mm to 3 - 5mm, with the head lacking the particular features of large wax moths (Galleria mellonella) and the body milky white or light yellow. Males have an average size of 6 - 10mm x 1 - 2mm, females have an average size of 7 - 12mm x 2 - 3mm, and two pairs of wings have an average size of 5 - 7mm x 2 - 3mm. The results of molecular identification using the COI gene revealed that the wax moths found in the three provinces sampled refer to the species Achroia grisella and were of the same origin as the butterflies found in China. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification, the study provided more information on the honeycomb wax moth, which is found in three provinces: Long An, Binh Duong, and DakLak.

IntroductionHypertension is the common disorder encountered during pregnancy, complicating 5% to 10% of all pregnancies. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are also a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The majority of feto-maternal complications due to HPD have occurred in the low- and middle-income countries. However, few studies have been done to assess the feto-maternal outcomes and the predictors of adverse perinatal outcome among women with HDP in these countries.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on women with HDP who were delivered at National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vietnam from March 2023 to July 2023. Socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, and feto-maternal outcomes were obtained by trained study staff from interviews and medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were done to determine factors associated with adverse perinatal outcome. A 95% confidence interval not including 1 was considered statically significant.ResultsA total of 255 women with HDP were enrolled. Regarding adverse maternal outcomes, HELLP syndrome (3.9%), placental abruption (1.6%), and eclampsia (1.2%) were three most common complications. There was no maternal death associated with HDP. The most common perinatal complication was preterm delivery developed in 160 (62.7%) of neonates. Eight stillbirths (3.1%) were recorded whereas the perinatal mortality was 6.3%. On bivariate logistic regression, variables such as residence, type of HDP, highest systolic BP, highest diastolic BP, platelet count, severity symptoms, and birth weight were found to be associated with adverse perinatal outcome. On multiple logistic regression, highest diastolic BP, severity symptoms, and birth weight were found to be independent predictors of adverse perinatal outcome.ConclusionOur study showed lower prevalence of stillbirth, perinatal mortality, and maternal complication compared to some previous studies. Regular antenatal care and early detection of abnormal signs during pregnancy help to devise an appropriate monitoring and treatment strategies for each women with HDP.

Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains challenging in lower-middle income countries with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to describe the histological characteristics in biopsy samples from patients with confirmed TB. This is a retrospective study of clinical biopsy specimens with positive liquid medium culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and histopathological examination in the National Lung Hospital in Vietnam. Among 1045 biopsy specimens with mycobacteria culture, the overall rate of growth of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in culture was 20.7% (216/1045). The positivity rates of MIGT culture among surgical biopsy specimens were 75% in bone specimen, followed by vertebral specimens (51.3%), and joint specimens (26.4%). For specimens obtained by the fine needle aspiration, the positivity rates of MIGT culture were 26.3% in lymph node and 25.3% in pleural specimen. Among specimens with culture confirmation of TB, the most common histopathoglogical suggestive finding of TB was the presence of epithelioid cell (83.3%), Langhans giant cells (75.9%), and caseous necrosis (75.5%). The high proportion of histological features suggestive of TB among the TB culture confirmed biopsy samples support for further evaluation of histological examination and its combination with other recommended rapid molecular assays in specimens with suspicion of TB.

Inequality in general and income inequality in particular have existed for a long time and tend to increase daily. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to be an important factor contributing to mitigating that situation. However, the results of previous empirical studies on the impact of FDI on income inequality have not reached a consistent conclusion. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of foreign direct investment on income inequality in developing economies. The study has provided evidence that the relationship is nonlinear through data from a sample of 36 developing countries between 2008 and 2020 and the Monte-Carlo algorithm according to the Bayesian approach. We document a U-shaped effect of FDI on income inequality. Besides, other factors, including trade openness and migration, obviously impact income inequality. Different results were found when FDI interacted with trade or migration, representing important channels through which inequality is affected. With these results, we suggest that policymakers in developing countries should develop appropriate policies on FDI attraction encourage trade openness and migration to reduce income inequality.

Nonlinear frequency mixings have shown an alternative way to create new electromagnetic sources in frequency ranges that are difficult to access with conventional techniques. To simultaneously use the fundamental frequency pump beam and multiple harmonic signals generated in the same channel, a device capable of separating each frequency component is required. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate metasurface-based spatial filters for the pump frequency and multiple harmonic frequencies. The metasurface was designed using eight different split ring resonator-based phase elements with 45° phase spacing, which allows wavefront shaping. The metasurface designed to have a one-dimensional gradient phase array produces cross-polarized reflection waves with different beam steering angles at the third- and fifth-harmonic frequencies (15 and 25 GHz) and operates as a metallic mirror at the fundamental frequency of 5 GHz. Our work suggests a new method to enable simultaneous use of broadband multi-frequency sources based on nonlinear frequency mixing.

A prospective, descriptive study was conducted on 382 pediatric patients diagnosed with pertussis at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital over a two-year period, from January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2020. Of all patients participating in this study, children with severe conditions accounted for 30.1% (115/382). Several factors were found to be associated with the risk of this condition with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), including a decrease in the duration of the onset phase by 5 days [OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.002-2.34], fever [2.49, 1.18-5.24], cyanosis [9.59, 2.9-31.7], pneumonia [14.45, 6.06-34.5], pulmonary hypertension [4.15, 1.02-16.83], an increase of 10 g/l in white blood cell (WBC) count in the full blood count (FBC) test [1.39, 1.05-1.84], a 5-cycle reduction in Cycle threshold (Ct) value in the pertussis real-time PCR test [1.36, 1.01-1.84], and superinfection [3.94, 1.84-8.48 times]. A WBC count in FBC of ≥30 g/l could be used as a prognostic factor for the risk of severe illness condition (sensitivity 46.1%, specificity 90.6%), the requirement for mechanical ventilation (sensitivity 57.1%, specificity 88.5%), and mortality (sensitivity 100%, specificity 91%).

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is more frequently reported in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which may be associated with the presence of solid cell nests (SCNs) and focal PTC-like nuclear alterations in the thyroid gland. The point of this consideration was to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical features of SCNs and follicular epithelial changes in Vietnamese patients with HT. Materials and Methods: Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry were performed on 20 samples of HT patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis at Military Medical Hospital 103 from 6/2018 to 6/2019. The expression of five markers (P63, Calcitonin, TTF1, CK19 and HBME-1) in SCNs and follicular epithelial changes were evaluated. Results: Ninety per cent of samples had SCNs with an average of 10 SCNs per section. Only type 1 and type 4 SCNs were presented (85% and 55%, respectively) and all SCNs were composed of main cells (p63-positive). Fifteen of the 18 cases having SCNs possessed nuclear features of PTC. C-cell hyperplasia was found in one case with 20 clusters. All SCNs showed strong staining with CK19 and weak staining with HBME-1. Follicular epithelial changes were Hürthle cell metaplasia, PTC-like nuclear alterations, atypical solid nodules, papillary and glomerular-like forms (40%, 100%, 25% and 50%, respectively). Follicular cells of glomerular-like forms (new alteration) especially were positive with CK19 (2+ ~ 3+), HBME-1 (1+) and TTF1, while the components in these follicles were negative with CK19, HBME-1 and TTF1. Among PTC-like nuclear alterations, all the atypical solid nodules related to HT showed markers related to PTC and without SCNs. Conclusions: Increasing the number of SCNs, as well as PTC-like nuclear alterations of main cells in SCNs and follicular epithelial changes were co-expressed CK19 and HBME-1. Therefore, the need for HT management should be considered.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been identified as a molecular target for breast cancer therapy, such as Trastuzumab (Herceptin®). This has been shown to improve patient survival substantially. The current study is aiming to locally produce an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (named Trastuzumab) which has an equivalent biological properties in comparison with the original version, Herceptin®). In silico design and construction of recombinant vectors, as well as the establishment of transfected cell lines with high expression of Trastuzumab were performed. Based on the protein sequences obtained from the Drugbank, the DNA sequences encoding for the light chain (Tras-Lc) and heavy chain (Tras-Hc) of Trastuzumab were optimized and integrated into pNanogen-Hygro and pNanogen-Puro vectors, respectively. The Neon Transfection System was used to co-transfect the pNanogen-Tras-Lc-Hygro and pNanogen-Tras-Hc-Puro constructs into CHO cells. Different co-transfected single-cell-colonies selected on media supplemented with hygromycin and puromycin were used for ELISA and SDS-PAGE assays to identify the CHO cell lines which highly express Trastuzumab. Based on the present results, 30μg of both constructs were suitable for DNA co-transfection. After 07 days of culture, the highest amount of Trastuzumab (561 µg/ml) was obtained from the H06LD68 cell line.

In this work, we study the generation of a negative refractive index based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Rb four-level N-type atomic gas medium. We derive analytic expressions for the relative permittivity and relative permeability of the medium according to the parameters of the probe, pump, and signal laser fields. We then investigate the variation of the real parts of the relative permittivity and relative permeability with respect to the intensity and frequency of the pump and signal laser fields. In the presence of the pump laser beam, the medium becomes transparent to the probe laser beam even in the resonant region. At the same time, the real parts of the relative permittivity and relative permeability are simultaneously negative (i.e., the medium exhibits a negative refractive index) in the EIT spectral domain. In the presence of the signal laser beam, the EIT effect occurs over two different frequency domains of the probe beam, so a negative refractive index is also generated in these two frequency domains. The investigation of the real parts of the relative permittivity and relative permeability with intensity and frequency of the pump and signal laser fields allowed us to find the laser parameters for the appearance of the negative refractive index, which can be useful for experimental observations.

Ca2Al2SiO7 (CAS) doped with Eu3+ and Dy3+ was successfully synthesised with the solid-phase reaction method, in which the sample was sintered at 1,280 °C for one hour. The energy-transfer phenomenon from Dy3+ to Eu3+ was observed in the CAS matrix. The optimal doping concentration of Dy3+ and Eu3+ is 1.5 and 1% mol. In addition, the energy-transfer mechanism, CIE colour coordinate, and CCT colour temperature of CAS/Dy3+/Eu3+ were also presented and discussed.

In this work, a nanocomposite based on nickel ferrite/activated carbon (NiF/AC) was used to modify a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the quantification of theophylline (TPL) in pharmaceutical tablets. The synthesized materials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy-elemental mapping and surface area analysis via the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the electrocatalytic properties of the NiF/AC-GCE toward the oxidation of TPL. The dependence of the electrochemical response on the scan rate and pH was also investigated, and the working parameters were optimized. The linear range of the established electrochemical biosensor was from 0.5 to 5 μ M (R ^2 = 0.997), with a detection limit of 0.21 μ M. The present method was tested using three pharmaceutical formulation standard samples with good accuracy and acceptable recovery. Thus, it is a promising candidate for the determination of TPL in pharmaceutical formulations.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction can address climate change and energy short-age. Homogenous photocatalysis converted CO2 to value chemicals have a straightforward procedure synthesis and CO2 conversion mechanism. Rhenium complexes based on pyridyl-triazole work as efficient catalysts for CO2 reduction at room conditions and under visible light. Photo-catalytic measurements show Re(bpy-COOH) possesses the highest catalytic CO2 conversion activity, whereas Re(Hpytr) is the lowest catalytic activity. These complexes posses the high product selectively, which produce two gases CO and H2 with high CO selectively. CO selectivity of Re(bpy-COOH), Re(Hphtr), and Re(Hpytr) are determined by 99.0, 97.9 and 92.8, respectively. TONCO reaches the highest value at 100 min are 5.46, 1.56, and 0.51 for Re(bpy-COOH), Re(Hphtr), and Re(Hpytr), respectively. This study explore the new property as photocatalysts active for CO2 reduction of these complexes with high CO selectively.

Several phylogenetic studies have revealed that Murraya s. lat. is not monophyletic, suggesting that it should be split into two genera, namely Murraya s. str. and Bergera J.Koenig ex L. Here, the genus Bergera is comprehensively revised based on molecular and morphological data. The genus consists of 11 species in total, including all species previously placed in Murraya sect. Bergera and an additional species previously placed in Murraya sect. Murraya. Ten new combinations are proposed, namely Bergera alternifolia (Kurz) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. crenulata (Turcz.) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. euchrestifolia (Hayata) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. glabra (Guillemin) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. kwangsiensis (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. macrophylla (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. microphylla (Merr. & Chun) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. siamensis (Craib) F.J.Mou comb. nov., B. stenocarpa (Drake) F.J.Mou comb. nov., and B. tetramera (C.C.Huang) F.J.Mou comb. nov. An identification key of the 11 species and morphological descriptions are provided, as well as illustrations of diagnostic characteristics. Phylogenetic relationships of the species in Bergera are discussed.

To track vital signs on the wrist, a wearable system, named WrisTee, has been developed for remote health monitoring. Using three optical sensors with four light sources, WrisTee allows users to measure 12 photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals at three locations on the radial artery. Two types of PPG signals with opposite polarities were discovered and designated as in-phase and invert-phase signals. We provided a unified viewpoint regarding their differences based on the Beer $-$ Lambert law, and showed that both signals can be used for heart monitoring using data analyzed from a selected subject. Using reflective pulse-transition time (R-PTT) and the standard deviation of R-PTT ($\sigma _{R\text{-}PTT}$), we proposed a method for selecting the optimal wavelength to achieve the best quality signal, thus minimizing storage requirements, power resources, and computational costs. We conducted an experiment on ten subjects to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. Our results demonstrated that WrisTee is capable of finding the optimal positions and wavelengths for monitoring vital signs. To automatically detect the PPG phases, six machine learning (ML) models were explored to assess their accuracy for PPG-phase classification. The experimental results show that a convolutional neural network can be the best candidate for phase classification. Hence, it can be integrated into WrisTee for noninvasive health monitoring such as heart rate, heart rate variability, or blood pressure. Our work paves a new direction in bio-signal medical researches by adopting in-phase and invert-phase PPGs for healthcare monitoring.

A green synthetic approach to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the stem extract of Piper chaudocanum for highly sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg2+ with a low limit of detection of 23 nM and easy colorimetric read-out has been reported. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The morphology and structure of the as-synthesized AgNPs were examined using SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD and FT-IR analyses. The XRD and TEM results confirm the formation of AgNPs with an average particle size of 8–12 nm. The TLC, CC and HPLC revealed that four main compounds, pentacosanoic acid (1), piperine (2), β-sitosterol (3), and campesterol glucoside (4), isolated from P. chaudocanum extract act as reducing and stabilizing agents for AgNP formation, and piperine plays a vital role in green synthesis. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by ESI MS, FTIR, and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data analysis. This approach is an efficient, green, cost-effective, eco-friendly and promising technique for synthesizing AgNPs with applications in the colorimetric detection of Hg2+ and antibacterial activity.

Background Canine circovirus is reported in dogs in many countries, including the USA, China and Thailand. It has been detected in healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and vasculitis. It comprises five genotypes and is frequently found as a coinfection with canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Aim To characterize canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating with CPV-2 in Vietnam. Method PCR assessment of 81 CPV-2-positive fecal samples from Vietnamese diarrheic dogs up to seven months of age for other viral enteric pathogens, including canine bocavirus, canine adenovirus, paramyxovirus, canine coronavirus, porcine circovirus-3 and canine circovirus. In addition, eight selected full genome sequences of Vietnamese canine circovirus were analyzed and used for phylogeny. Results In total 19.8% of samples were found to be positive for canine circovirus. Phylogeny revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus strains were clustered in two different genotypes (genotype-1 and -3). The genetic diversity among Vietnamese canine circovirus was 86.0–87.2%. The nucleotide discrepancy among both genotypes altered the deduced amino acid sequence in 14 and ten residues of the replicase and capsid proteins, respectively. Genetic recombination analysis revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus-6 strain has the American and Chinese canine circovirus as its major and minor parents, respectively. Only a single dog revealed triple detections of CPV-2c, Canine circovirus and canine adenovirus (1.2%). Conclusion The co-circulation of two different genotypes of canine circovirus and CPV-2c in dogs in Vietnam has been illustrated. Clinical relevance The mortality rate with CPV-2 only (22%) doubled in dogs with canine circovirus and CPV-2 co-infection.

Thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam đã từng trải qua những biến động lớn tại một số thời điểm, mà có thể gọi đó là “bong bóng chứng khoán”. Đặc biệt, trong hai năm 2020-2021, mặc dù dịch COVID-19 diễn biến khá phức tạp nhưng thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam lại có những tăng trưởng vượt bậc, tuy nhiên hệ lụy của nó là một lần nữa nguy cơ bong bóng lại đang tiềm ẩn. Các dữ liệu liên quan đến thị trường trong các giai đoạn bong bóng trước đó và đặc biệt giai đoạn 2020-2022 đã được sử dụng để nhận diện sự tồn tại của bong bóng chứng khoán. Bằng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính, dựa theo các điều kiện hình thành, nguyên nhân dẫn tới bong bóng trước đó cũng như việc mô tả, so sánh điều kiện hiện tại của nền kinh tế cũng như thị trường chứng khoán, tác giả nhận thấy hiện tượng “bong bóng” đã và đang hình thành cho giai đoạn 2020-2022. Kết quả nghiên cứu là nguồn tham khảo cho các nhà đầu tư cũng như cung cấp các thông tin hữu ích để các nhà đầu tư có thể phản ứng trước các biến chuyển của thị trường.

Background Smoking among adolescents in schools is a major global public health concern. There is limited evidence regarding prevalence and associated factors in Vietnam. Objective To compare the prevalence of smoking and associated factors among in-school adolescents aged 13–17 years in Vietnam between 2013 and 2019. Methods Data were collected from two rounds of the national representative Vietnam Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2013 (n = 3,331) and 2019 (n = 7,690). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents. Results There was a significant reduction in the prevalence of current smoking (water pipes and cigarettes) from 5.4% (95% CI: 4.0–7.2) in 2013 to 2.8% (95% CI: 2.2–3.6) in 2019. In 2019, 2.6% of the in-school adolescents reported having used electronic cigarette products 30 days prior to the survey. Factors associated with a significantly higher likelihood of current smoking status included gender, loneliness, suicidal ideation, sexual activity, truancy, and alcohol consumption. Similar patterns were observed for e-cigarettes. Conclusion Smoking among in-school adolescents in Vietnam decreased between 2013 and 2019. Follow-up studies are needed to further investigate causal factors so that future policies and communication programmes can be more effectively targeted to reduce smoking in adolescents.

Discovering high-utility itemsets from a transaction database is one of the important tasks in High-Utility Itemset Mining (HUIM). The discovered high-utility itemsets (HUIs) must meet a user-defined given minimum utility threshold. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem efficiently. However, they focused on exploring and discovering the set of HUIs. This research proposes a more generalized approach to mine HUIs using any user-specified correlated measure, named the General Method for Correlated High-utility itemset Mining (GMCHM). This proposed approach has the ability to discover HUIs that are highly correlated, based on the all_confidence and bond measures (and 38 other correlated measures). Evaluations were carried out on the standard datasets for HUIM, such as Accidents, BMS_utility and Connect. The results proved the high effectiveness of GMCHM in terms of running time, memory usage and the number of scanned candidates.

Background and Objectives: Identification of pnemococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance provides helpful information for the use of suitable vaccines and antibiotics; however, very limited data is available on these issues in Vietnam. The present study aimed to find the serotype distribution and drug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at a province in centre Vietnam. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 clinical pnemococcal strains isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at the Nghe An province, Vietnam between Nov 2019 and Mar 2021. All strains were identified using conventional microbiological method, VITEK® 2 Compact system, specific PCR and sequencing. The serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pnemococcal strains were determined using the multiplex PCR assays and VITEK® 2 Compact system. Results: The results showed that, eight different pneumococcal serotypes were identified. The most common serotypes were 19F (67.46%), followed by 23F (10.32%), 19A (9.52%), 6A/B (3.17%), 15A (2.38%), 9V (3.17%), 11A (1.59%) and 14 (0.80%), respectively. More than half of the pneumococcal strains were non-susceptible to penicillin. The resistance rate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were 41.3% and 50.8%. The percentage of pneumococci strains resistant to clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracyclin, and clindamycin were more than 93% of all strains. All pneumococcal serotypes were highly resistant to clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, and clindamycin. Conclusion: Our findings showed high antibiotic resistance rates of the strains causing pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly macrolide resistance, among unvaccinated children.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001781.].

Even though the colonial authorities tried to use education as a political tool to serve their ruling purposes, the francophone education system was an important bridge between Vietnam’s traditional Confucian education and mankind’s modern one. One of the greatest achievements of the francophone education system in Vietnam was the training of a modern westernized intelligentsia different from traditional Confucian intellectuals. Although the Soviet and other socialist educational models later replaced the francophone education system, the cornerstones of all existing modern educational models of Vietnam have originated from the very first settlements of the francophone education in the Far East Country. The fundamental elements of the francophone education therefore play an important role in the integration and development of the Vietnamese education into the modern world education system. The modernization of the Vietnamese education system in the colonial period under the decisive influences of the francophone model could, to some extent, be seen as a historical resolution to modernity of Vietnam’s schools in the circumstances of the East-West dispute that nearly all Asian countries experienced in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Received: 19 May 2022 Accepted: 18 July 2022

Since the electric charge in the standard model is theoretically not quantized, we may have a variant of it, called dark charge. Similar to the electric charge, the dark charge neither commutes nor closes algebraically with SU(2)L. The condition of algebraic closure leads to a novel gauge extension, SU(2)L⊗U(1)Y⊗U(1)N, where Y and N determine the electric and dark charges, respectively, apart from the color group. We argue that the existence of the dark charge, thus N, leads to novel scenarios of multi-component dark matter, in general. The dark matter stability is determined by a residual (or dark charge) gauge symmetry isomorphic to an even Zk discrete group, where k is specified dependent on the value of the neutrino dark charge. This residual symmetry divides the standard model particles into distinct classes, which possibly accommodate dark matter, but each dark matter candidate cannot decay due to the color and electric charge conservation. We analyze in detail three specific models according to k=2,4,6 and determine the simplest dark matter candidates. For small U(1)N coupling, the two-component dark matter scenarios implied by the dark charge successfully explain the dark matter relic density and the recent XENON1T excess, as well as the beam dump, neutrino scattering, and astrophysical bounds. Otherwise, for large U(1)N coupling, we have multi-WIMPs coexisted beyond the weak scale.

To form tissue networks, animal cells migrate and interact through proteins protruding from their plasma membranes. Plant cells can do neither, yet plants form vein networks. How plants do so is unclear, but veins are thought to form by the coordinated action of the polar transport and signal transduction of the plant hormone auxin. However, plants inhibited in both pathways still form veins. Patterning of vascular cells into veins is instead prevented in mutants lacking the function of the GNOM (GN) regulator of auxin transport and signaling, suggesting the existence of at least one more GN-dependent vein-patterning pathway. Here we show that in Arabidopsis such a pathway depends on the movement of auxin or an auxin-dependent signal through plasmodesmata (PDs) intercellular channels. PD permeability is high where veins are forming, lowers between veins and nonvascular tissues, but remains high between vein cells. Impaired ability to regulate PD aperture leads to defects in auxin transport and signaling, ultimately leading to vein patterning defects that are enhanced by inhibition of auxin transport or signaling. GN controls PD aperture regulation, and simultaneous inhibition of auxin signaling, auxin transport, and regulated PD aperture phenocopies null gn mutants. Therefore, veins are patterned by the coordinated action of three GN-dependent pathways: auxin signaling, polar auxin transport, and movement of auxin or an auxin-dependent signal through PDs. Such a mechanism of tissue network formation is unprecedented in multicellular organisms. How do plants form vein networks, in the absence of cellular migration or direct cell-cell interaction? This study shows that a GNOM-dependent combination of polar auxin transport, auxin signal transduction, and movement of an auxin signal through plasmodesmata patterns leaf vascular cells into veins.

Fucoxanthin extracted and purified from Vietnamese Sargassum oligocystum Montagne, 1845 exhibits various biological activities. In this study, the ability of fucoxanthin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the antioxidant activities, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Fucoxanthin isolated from Vietnamese S. oligocystum showed no cytotoxic effects; moreover, it exhibited AChE inhibitory activity (with an IC50 value of 130.12 ± 6.65 μg mL−1) and antioxidant activity (with an IC50 value of 3.42 ± 0.15 mg mL−1). At concentrations of 50 and 100 µg mL−1, fucoxanthin provided protection against amyloid β-protein fragment 25–35-induced neurotoxicity in a C6 neuronal cell line, and the survival of C6 cells was higher than 81.01% and 80.98%, respectively, compared to the control group (59%). Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity and quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the neuroprotective effect of fucoxanthin resulted from regulation of the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GPx) and ER pathways (caspase-3 and Bax), as well as the promotion of expression of genes involved in PI3K/Akt signaling (GSK-3β), autophagy (p62 and ATG5), and the biosynthesis of ACh (VAChT and ChAT). Therefore, fucoxanthin extracted from the seaweed S. oligocystum in Vietnam is a potential feedstock source for the production of health foods that exert neuroprotective effects.

Nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI)/Fe2.85Ni0.15O4 (PFN) were successfully prepared using the co-precipitation method combined with an in-situ polymerization process. The FN and PFN nanocatalysts were characterized using various methods for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The XRD, Raman, TEM, and DTA-DTG analyses suggest that the FN nanoparticles (NPs) were effectively coated by PANI and that there were interactions between FN and PANI. Magnetic measurements indicated that PFN nanocomposites exhibited good superparamagnetic behavior and high saturation magnetization (39.5–57.6 emu/g), which are suitable for separating photocatalysts from solution for reuse. Adsorption-desorption analysis showed that the specific surface area of PFN was higher than that of FN. The UV-vis absorption spectra of FN and PFN nanocomposites exhibited strong absorption of visible light, attributed to the doping of Ni, which resulted in the reduction of the band-gap energy (Eg) of Fe3O4 to 2.4 eV. PFN nanocomposites with different mass ratios of PANI demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity compared to FN NPs. Furthermore, it was observed that PFN with a 10% mass ratio of PANI exhibited the highest RhB degradation efficiency, achieving a rate of approximately 98% after 300 min of irradiation. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of the PFN nanocomposites on RhB were discussed. PFN photocatalysts with good photocatalytic activity, inexpensive materials, and easy preparation could be potential candidates for wastewater purification applications.

Glycosmis stenocarpa is a species of shrub found in the Northern provinces of Vietnam. Its roots contain different carbazolic derivatives, mainly Murrayafoline A (Mu-A), which exhibits valuable biological activities. In this study, we performed an extraction of Mu-A from the roots of G. stenocarpa and optimized this process using response surface methodology (RSM) according to a central composite design, with three independent parameters including extraction time (min), extraction temperature (°C), and solvent/material ratio (mL/g). Two dependent variables were the Mu-A content (mg/g raw materials) and extraction efficiency (%). The optimal conditions to extract Mu-A were found to be as follows: extraction temperature, 67°C; extraction time, 165 min; and solvent/material ratio, 5:1. Under these conditions, the Mu-A content and extraction efficiency were 38.94 ± 1.31 mg/g raw materials and 34.98 ± 1.18%, respectively. Mu-A exhibited antiproliferation and antitumor-promoting activity against the HepG-2 cell line. The present optimization work of Mu-A extraction from G. stenocarpa roots contributed to the attempt of designing a large-scale extraction process for the compound and further exploitation of its potential in vivo applications.