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1. COPD-Related Modification to the Airway Epithelium Permits Intracellular Residence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and May Be Potentiated by Macrolide Arrest of Autophagy

Author: Poh WP, Kicic A, Lester SE, Nguyen PT, Bakaletz LO, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, and Roscioli E
Subjects: antibiotic resistance, azithromycin, intracellular bacteria, macrolide, xenophagy, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Wee-Peng Poh,1 Anthony Kicic,1– 5 Susan E Lester,6 Phan T Nguyen,7,8 Lauren O Bakaletz,9 Paul N Reynolds,7,8 Sandra Hodge,7,8 Eugene Roscioli7,8 1Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; 2Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Western Australia, Australia; 3School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; 4Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; 5Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; 6Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia; 7Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; 8Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; 9Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USACorrespondence: Eugene RoscioliAdelaide Health and Medical Science Building, Corner of North Terrace and George St, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, AustraliaTel +61 8 8313 7088Email Eugene.Roscioli@adelaide.edu.auIntroduction: COPD is an inflammatory airway pathology associated with recurrent infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) that is not effectively managed by macrolide antibiotic therapy. We hypothesised that NTHi is able to reside intracellularly within COPD-derived airway epithelial cells (AEC), and that the factors contained in cigarette smoke when coupled with exposure to erythromycin or azithromycin arrest autophagy, the principle mechanism responsible for clearing intracellular bacteria (called “xenophagy”).Methods: Cultures of bronchial airway epithelial cells derived from control and COPD participants were differentiated at an air–liquid interface and exposed to macrolide antibiotics, 10% cigarette smoke-extract (CSE) and NTHi. Markers of autophagic flux and intracellular NTHi were assessed using Western blot analysis and transmission electron microscopy.Results: AEC treated with macrolide antibiotics or 10% CSE exhibited a block in autophagic flux as evidenced by a concomitant increase in LC3-II and Sequestosome abundance (vs control; both P < 0.01). While control AEC showed no clear evidence of intracellular NTHi, COPD-derived cultures exhibited abundant NTHi within the cytoplasm. Further, intracellular NTHi that were encapsulated within vesicles propagated from the apical epithelial layer to the basal cell layer.Discussion: Taken together, our findings indicate that COPD, cigarette smoke and macrolide antibiotics potentiate the susceptibility to persistent intracellular NTHi. A major mechanism for this is arresting normal autophagic flux in airway epithelial cells. Hence, structural modifications that mitigate this off-target effect of macrolides have significant potential to clear intracellular NTHi and thereby reduce the influence of this pathogen in the airways afflicted by COPD.Keywords: antibiotic resistance, azithromycin, intracellular bacteria, macrolide, xenophagy
Published: 2020

2. Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway

Author: Nguyen PT Huynh, Catherine C Gloss, Jeremiah Lorentz, Ruhang Tang, Jonathan M Brunger, Audrey McAlinden, Bo Zhang, and Farshid Guilak
Subjects: mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, RNF144A-AS1, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in musculoskeletal development, disease, and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the novel lncRNA GRASLND (originally named RNF144A-AS1) as a regulator of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. GRASLND, a primate-specific lncRNA, is upregulated during MSC chondrogenesis and appears to act directly downstream of SOX9, but not TGF-β3. We showed that the silencing of GRASLND resulted in lower accumulation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix in a pellet assay, while GRASLND overexpression – either via transgene ectopic expression or by endogenous activation via CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 – significantly enhanced cartilage matrix production. GRASLND acts to inhibit IFN-γ by binding to EIF2AK2, and we further demonstrated that GRASLND exhibits a protective effect in engineered cartilage against interferon type II. Our results indicate an important role of GRASLND in regulating stem cell chondrogenesis, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
Published: 2020
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3. A majority rule approach for region-of-interest-guided streamline fiber tractography

Author: Colon-Perez, LM, Triplett, W, Bohsali, A, Corti, M, Nguyen, PT, Patten, C, Mareci, TH, and Price, CC
Subjects: Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional Laterality, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Observer Variation, Pyramidal Tracts, Reproducibility of Results, White Matter, Semi-manual segmentation, Tractography, Cortico-spinal tract, Majority rules ROI, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract: Hand-drawn gray matter regions of interest (ROI) are often used to guide the estimation of white matter tractography, obtained from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI), in healthy and in patient populations. However, such ROIs are vulnerable to rater bias of the individual segmenting the ROIs, scan variability, and individual differences in neuroanatomy. In this report, a "majority rule" approach is introduced for ROI segmentation used to guide streamline tractography in white matter structures. DWI of one healthy participant was acquired in ten separate sessions using a 3 T scanner over the course of a month. Four raters identified ROIs within the left hemisphere [Cerebral Peduncle (CPED); Internal Capsule (IC); Hand Portion of the Motor Cortex, or Hand Bump, (HB)] using a group-established standard operating procedure for ROI definition to guide the estimation of streamline tracts within the corticospinal tract (CST). Each rater traced the ROIs twice for each scan session. The overlap of each rater's two ROIs was used to define a representative ROI for each rater. These ROIs were combined to create a "majority rules" ROI, in which the rule requires that each voxel is selected by at least three of four raters. Reproducibility for ROIs and CST segmentations were analyzed with the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Intra-rater reliability for each ROI was high (DSCs ≥ 0.83). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to adequate (DSC range 0.54-0.75; lowest for IC). Using intersected majority rules ROIs, the resulting CST showed improved overlap (DSC = 0.82) in the estimated streamline tracks for the ten sessions. Despite high intra-rater reliability, there was lower inter-rater reliability consistent with the expectation of rater bias. Employing the majority rules method improved reliability in the overlap of the CST.
Published: 2016

4. Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022-2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Vollset, SE, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd Al Magied, AHA, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelkader, A, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdi, P, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Absalan, A, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Addolorato, G, Adekanmbi, V, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adha, R, Adhikary, RK, Adnani, QES, Adzigbli, LA, Afrashteh, F, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agbozo, F, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahlstrom, AJ, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, SA, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Akrami, AE, Akter, E, Al Awaidy, S, Al Hasan, SM, Al Mosa, AS, Al Ta'ani, O, Al Zaabi, OAM, Alahdab, F, Alajlani, MM, Al-Ajlouni, Y, Alalalmeh, SO, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, T, Alam, Z, Al-Amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albakri, A, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alemohammad, SY, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, I, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, SSS, Ali, VE, Ali, W, Al-Ibraheem, A, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alqutaibi, AY, Alrawashdeh, A, Alrousan, SM, Al-Sabah, SK, Alsabri, MA, Altaany, Z, Al-Tammemi, AB, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Al-Wardat, MS, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Alyahya, MS, Alzoubi, KH, Al-Zyoud, W, Amani, R, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, MH, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Andrews, EA, Anil, A, Anil, S, Anoushiravani, A, Antony, CM, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, BS, Anvari, S, Anyasodor, AE, Appiah, F, Aquilano, M, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafa, EA, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Ardekani, A, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Aremu, A, Ariffin, H, Arkew, M, Armani, K, Artamonov, AA, Arumugam, A, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashbaugh, C, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awad, H, Awotidebe, AW, Ayatollahi, H, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azeez, FK, Azevedo, RMS, Badar, M, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, M, Bagheri, N, Bai, R, Baker, JL, Bako, AT, Balakrishnan, S, Balcha, WF, Baltatu, OC, Barchitta, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Barteit, S, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Bauckneht, M, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Behnoush, AH, Behzadi, P, Beiranvand, M, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bemanalizadeh, M, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Beyene, KA, Beyene, MG, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, R, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhattacharjee, NV, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhuiyan, MA, Bisignano, C, Biswas, B, Bjorge, T, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Hashemi, MB, Basara, BB, Borhany, H, Bosoka, SA, Carvajal, AB, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Boxe, C, Boyko, EJ, Brady, OJ, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Brenner, H, Brown, CS, Browne, AJ, Brugha, T, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Barsbay, MC, Calina, D, Campos, LA, Cao, S, Capodici, A, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castelpietra, G, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenko, E, Cerin, E, Chadban, SJ, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, S, Chalek, J, Chan, JSK, Chandika, RM, Chandy, S, Charan, J, Chaudhary, AA, Chaurasia, A, Chen, A-T, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Chen, S, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, DY, Cho, WCS, Choi, D-W, Chong, B, Chong, CL, Chopra, H, Chu, D-T, Chung, E, Chutiyami, M, Clayton, JT, Cogen, RM, Cohen, AJ, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Connolly, JT, Cooper, EEK, Cortese, S, Cruz-Martins, N, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalton, BE, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Delgado-Enciso, I, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, HD, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhingra, S, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Do, THP, Do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Doegah, PT, Dohare, S, Dong, W, D'Oria, M, Doshi, R, Dowou, RK, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dushpanova, A, Dutta, S, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Kalan, ME, Edinur, HA, Efendi, F, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed, I, Elamin, O, Elemam, NM, ElGohary, GMT, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, OAA, Elmoselhi, AB, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Eltahir, ME, Emeto, TI, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Esmaeili, Z, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fagbule, OF, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faro, A, Fasihi, K, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Fazylov, T, Feigin, VL, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, N, Firew, BS, Fischer, F, Fitriana, I, Flavel, J, Flor, LS, Folayan, MO, Foley, KM, Fonzo, M, Force, LM, Foschi, M, Freitas, A, Fridayani, NKY, Fukutaki, KG, Furtado, JM, Fux, B, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gallus, S, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Gautam, RK, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Getacher, L, Getahun, GKA, Gething, PW, Ghadimi, DJ, Ghadirian, F, Ghafarian, S, Ghailan, KY, Ghasemi, M, Dabaghi, GG, Ghazy, RM, Ghoba, S, Gholami, E, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Vajargah, PG, Ghotbi, E, Gil, AU, Gill, TK, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Gobolos, L, Goldust, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guicciardi, S, Guimaraes, RA, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VK, Haakenstad, A, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafiz, A, Haghmorad, D, Haile, D, Ali, AH, Ali, HA, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, ES, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Abdullah, KH, Hamdy, NM, Hamoudi, R, Hanifi, N, Hankey, GJ, Haq, ZA, Haque, MR, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, SMM, Hasanian, M, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, A, Haubold, J, Hay, SI, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, M, Hemmati, M, Henson, CA, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Heydari, M, Hezam, K, Hidayana, I, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultstrom, M, Hundie, TG, Hunt, AJ, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussain, MA, Hussein, NR, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Iftikhar, PM, Ikiroma, AI, Ikwegbue, PC, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Isa, MA, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iyamu, IO, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jafarinia, M, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Mani, DRJ, Jamil, S, Jamora, RDG, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jiang, H, Jokar, M, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Jurisson, M, Vaishali, K, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kalankesh, LR, Kalra, S, Kamath, A, Kamath, R, Kamireddy, A, Kanaan, M, Kanchan, T, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Kansal, SK, Karim, A, Karkhah, S, Kashoo, FZ, Kasraei, H, Kassel, MB, Katikireddi, SV, Kauppila, JH, Kaur, H, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kebede, F, Kendal, ES, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khademvatan, S, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, A, Khalid, N, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, F, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khatib, MN, Kashani, HRK, Kheirallah, KA, Khokhar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosla, AA, Khosravi, M, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kifle, ZD, Kim, G, Kim, JS, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knibbs, LD, Knudsen, AKS, Kochhar, S, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Korzh, O, Krishan, K, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Bicer, BK, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kujan, O, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, H, Kumar, N, Kumar, R, Kumar, V, Kundu, A, Kusuma, D, Kyei-Arthur, F, Kyto, V, Kyu, HH, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Lahariya, C, Lai, DTC, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lam, J, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Levesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lawlor, HR, Le, H-H, Le, LKD, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Le, TDT, Leasher, JL, Lee, DW, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, S-W, Lee, SW, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, M-C, Libra, M, Ligade, VS, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Limenh, LW, Lindholm, D, Lindstedt, PA, Listl, S, Liu, G, Liu, S, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Lopez-Bueno, R, Lopez-Gil, JF, Loreche, AM, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Luo, L, Lusk, JB, Lv, L, Amin, HIM, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madureira-Carvalho, AM, Abd El Razek, HM, Maghazachi, AA, Prasad, DRM, Mahalleh, M, Mahasha, PW, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudvand, G, Makama, M, Rad, EM, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malta, DC, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, MH, Mansouri, P, Mansouri, V, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Marasini, BP, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Mardi, P, Marjani, A, Moghadam, HM, Arnedo, CAM, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Marzo, RR, Masoudi, S, Mathangasinghe, Y, Mathioudakis, AG, Mathur, M, Mathur, N, Matozinhos, FP, Mattumpuram, J, Maude, RJ, Maugeri, A, Mayeli, M, Mazidi, M, Mazzotti, A, McGrath, JJ, Mckee, M, McKowen, ALW, McPhail, MA, McPhail, SM, Mehmood, A, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehravar, S, Meto, TM, Melese, EB, Mendez-Lopez, MAM, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mensah, GA, Mensah, LG, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Mhlanga, A, Mhlanga, L, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, de Sa, ACMGN, Miller, TR, Minh, LHN, Mirahmadi, A, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, R, Mitchell, PB, Mittal, C, Moberg, ME, Fard, AM, Mohajelin, S, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohamed, AI, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammad, AM, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Momani, SM, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moni, MA, Montazeri, F, Ghalibaf, AM, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Mosser, JF, Mossialos, E, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mousavi, P, Mrejen, M, Mubarik, S, Mueller, UO, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musallam, KM, Musina, A-M, Mustafa, G, Myung, W, Nafei, A, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, P, Naik, GR, Naik, G, Nainu, F, Najdaghi, S, Ansari, NN, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Nargus, S, Davani, DN, Nascimento, BR, Nascimento, GG, Naser, AY, Nashwan, AJ, Natto, ZS, Nauman, J, Navaratna, SNK, Naveed, M, Nawsherwan, Nayak, BP, Nayak, VC, Negash, H, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nejjari, C, Nematollahi, S, Netsere, HB, Ng, M, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, AH, Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, 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Stoian, AMP, Parikh, RR, Park, E-K, Park, S, Parsons, N, Parthasarathi, A, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, Patel, J, Pathan, AR, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Pease, SA, Peden, AE, Pedersini, P, Pensato, U, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, P, Pereira, M, Pereira, MO, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Perna, S, Pesudovs, K, Petermann-Rocha, FE, Pham, HT, Philip, AK, Phillips, MR, Pigeolet, M, Piradov, MA, Pisoni, E, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polibin, RV, Poluru, R, Ponkilainen, VT, Popovic, DS, Postma, MJ, Pour-Rashidi, A, Prabhu, D, Prada, SI, Pradhan, J, Pradhan, PMS, Prashant, A, Prates, EJS, Priscilla, T, Purnobasuki, H, Purohit, BM, Puvvula, J, Qasim, NH, Qattea, I, Qazi, AS, Qian, G, Rad, MR, Radhakrishnan, V, Shahraki, HR, Rafferty, Q, Raggi, A, Raggi, C, Raheem, N, Rahim, F, Rahim, MJ, Rahimibarghani, S, Rahman, MMMR, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahman, T, Rahmani, AM, Rahmanian, M, Rahmanian, N, Rahmati, R, Rahmawaty, S, Raimondo, D, Raja, A, Rajput, P, Ramadan, M, Ramasamy, SK, Ramazanu, 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Watson, S, Weaver, MR, Weerakoon, KG, Weintraub, RG, Weldetinsaa, HLL, Wells, KM, Wen, YF, Westerman, R, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, DP, Widowati, E, Wojewodzic, MW, Woldeyes, DH, Wolf, AW, Wolfe, CDA, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, F, Wu, J, Wu, Z, Hanson, SW, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Yadav, R, Yamagishi, K, Yang, D, Yano, Y, Yarahmadi, A, Nia, IY, Ye, P, Yesodharan, R, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yigzaw, ZA, Yin, D, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yu, EA, Yu, Y, Yuan, C-W, Yusuf, H, Zafar, U, Zafari, N, Zahid, MH, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X-JG, Zhao, Y, Zhao, Z, Zhong, C, Zhou, B, Zhou, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, B, Zhumagaliuly, A, Zielinska, M, Zoghi, G, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Smith, AE, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. METHODS: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects m
Published: 2024

5. The lncRNA and miRNA regulatory axis in HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancers

Author: Sais, D, Hill, M, Deutsch, F, Nguyen, PT, Gay, V, Tran, N, Sais, D, Hill, M, Deutsch, F, Nguyen, PT, Gay, V, and Tran, N
Published: 2024

6. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Moradi, Y, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Abouzid, M, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Moraga, P, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Aboye, GB, Bhat, AN, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Morawska, L, Bhatti, R, Bhuiyan, MA, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Abreu, LG, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Biswas, RK, Moreira, RS, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boakye, H, Bockarie, MJ, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Abualruz, H, Bogale, EK, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Morovatdar, N, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Boppana, SH, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Abubakar, B, Bourne, R, Boxe, C, Morrison, SD, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brar, A, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Brown, CS, Morze, J, Browne, AJ, Brunoni, AR, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Mosaddeghi Heris, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cagney, J, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Mossialos, E, Aburuz, S, Cao, C, Cao, F, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Motappa, R, Carvalho, F, Abu-Zaid, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Alemayohu, MA, Ali, BA, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Adane, MM, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chakraborty, S, Mougin, V, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandan, JS, Addo, IY, Chandika, RM, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Mousavi, P, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Addolorato, G, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, 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GS, Azizi, H, Abegaz, TM, Azzam, AY, Backhaus, IL, Mondello, S, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Bagga, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bai, R, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Baig, AA, Moni, MA, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, PC, Banke-Thomas, A, Abiodun, O, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Bansal, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Moore, CE, Abiso, TL, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Batchu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Moradi, M, Baune, BT, Aboagye, RG, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, A, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Abolhassani, H, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, and Bennitt, FB
Published: 2024

7. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, KL, Aali, A, Ababneh, HS, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M-A, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, DM, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, SS, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, GB, Abreu, LG, Abrha, WA, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, MMK, Adal, TG, Adamu, AA, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, AV, Adetunji, CO, Adetunji, JB, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adeyinka, DA, Adeyomoye, OI, Admass, BAA, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Afolabi, AA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, FD, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, AM, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MS, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, SA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, EM, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, MA, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, SM, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, SO, Alalwan, TA, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, RM, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, AlBataineh, MT, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Aldawsari, KA, Aldhaleei, WA, Aldridge, RW, Alema, HB, Alemayohu, MA, Alemi, S, Alemu, YM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhabib, KF, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Al-Hanawi, MK, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, SSS, Alicandro, G, Alif, SM, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, AA, Aljasir, MAM, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, SAA, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, JS, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, AY, Al-Sabah, SK, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Altirkawi, KA, Aluh, DO, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, 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Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhardwaj, PV, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, BD, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boampong, MS, Bobirca, AV, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bogale, KA, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, EJ, Brady, OJ, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, 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M, Spearman, S, Sreeramareddy, CT, Srivastava, VK, Stanaway, JD, Stanikzai, MH, Stark, BA, Starnes, JR, Starodubova, AV, Stein, C, Stein, DJ, Steinbeis, F, Steiner, C, Steinmetz, JD, Steiropoulos, P, Stevanović, A, Stockfelt, L, Stokes, MA, Stortecky, S, Subramaniyan, V, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sultana, A, Sun, HZ, Sun, J, Sundström, J, Sunkersing, D, Sunnerhagen, KS, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Szeto, MD, Szócska, M, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabish, M, TADAKAMADLA, J, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taiba, J, Takahashi, K, Talaat, IM, Talukder, A, Tampa, M, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tandukar, S, Tang, H, Tang, HK, Tarigan, IU, Tariku, MK, Tariqujjaman, M, Tarkang, EE, Tavakoli Oliaee, R, Tavangar, SM, Taveira, N, Tefera, YM, Temsah, M-H, Temsah, RMH, Teramoto, M, Tesler, R, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Thakur, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Tharwat, S, Thayakaran, R, 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Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Waqas, M, Ward, P, Wassie, EG, Watson, S, Watson, SLW, Weerakoon, KG, Wei, MY, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Westerman, R, Whisnant, JL, Wiangkham, T, Wickramasinghe, DP, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilandika, A, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wilson, S, Wojewodzic, MW, Woldegebreal, DH, Wolf, AW, Wolfe, CDA, Wondimagegene, YA, Wong, YJ, Wongsin, U, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Wu, F, Wu, X, Wu, Z, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xie, Y, Xu, S, Xu, W-D, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yang, D, Yang, L, Yano, Y, Yao, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Ye, P, Yehualashet, SS, Yesiltepe, M, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yi, S, Yigezu, A, Yiğit, A, Yiğit, V, Yip, P, Yismaw, MB, Yismaw, Y, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuh, FH, Zadey, S, Zadnik, V, Zafari, N, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zaman, SB, Zamora, N, Zand, R, Zangiabadian, M, Zar, HJ, Zare, I, Zarrintan, A, Zeariya, MGM, Zeinali, Z, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, H, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Zhu, B, Zhu, L, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zitoun, OA, Zoladl, M, Zou, Z, Zuhlke, LJ, Zumla, A, Zweck, E, Zyoud, SH, Wool, EE, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

8. Computational design of peptides to target Nav1.7 channel with high potency and selectivity for the treatment of pain

Author: Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, HM, Wagner, KM, Stewart, R, Singh, V, Thapa, P, Tuan Ton, A, Kondo, RP, Ghetti, A, Pennington, MW, Hammock, B, Griffith, TN, Sack, JT, Wulff, H, Yarov-Yarovoy, V, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, HM, Wagner, KM, Stewart, R, Singh, V, Thapa, P, Tuan Ton, A, Kondo, RP, Ghetti, A, Pennington, MW, Hammock, B, Griffith, TN, Sack, JT, Wulff, H, and Yarov-Yarovoy, V
Published: 2023

9. Clinical algorithm reduces antibiotic use among children presenting with respiratory symptoms to hospital in central Vietnam

Author: Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Huynh, LT, Graham, SM, Marais, BJ, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Huynh, LT, Graham, SM, and Marais, BJ
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and utility of a pragmatic clinical algorithm to guide rational antibiotic use in children presenting with respiratory infection. METHODS: The effect of an algorithm to guide the management of young (< 5 years) children presenting with respiratory symptoms to the Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children, Vietnam, was evaluated in a before-after intervention analysis. The main outcome was reduction in antibiotic use, with monitoring of potential harm resulting from reduced antibiotic use. The intervention comprised a single training session of physicians in the use of an algorithm informed by local evidence; developed during a previous prospective observational study. The evaluation was performed one month after the training. RESULTS: Of the 1290 children evaluated before the intervention, 102 (7.9%) were admitted to hospital and 556/1188 (46.8%) were sent home with antibiotics. Due to COVID-19, only 166 children were evaluated after the intervention of whom 14 (8.4%) were admitted to hospital and 54/152 (35.5%) were sent home with antibiotics. Antibiotic use was reduced (from 46.8% to 35.5%; p = 0.009) after clinician training, but adequate comparison was compromised. The reduction was most pronounced in children with wheeze or runny nose and no fever, or a normal chest radiograph, where antibiotic use declined from 46.7% to 28.8% (p < 0.0001). The frequency of repeat presentation to hospital was similar between the two study periods (141/1188; 11.9% before and 10/152; 6.6% after; p = 0.10). No child represented with serious disease after being sent home without antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a reduction in antibiotic use in young children with a respiratory infection after physician training in the use of a simple evidence-based management algorithm. However, the study was severely impacted by COVID-19 restrictions, requiring further evaluation to confirm the observed effect.
Published: 2023

10. Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases:findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Author: Jin, YZ, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Carvalho, AF, Choi, S, Chou, TC, Dey, S, Fathi, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, VB, Hassan, A, Khan, M, Khan, MA, Kisa, A, Kundu, S, Lám, J, Le, TTT, Lee, M, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Li, W, Lim, SS, Liu, XF, Lo, CH, Malik, AA, Menezes, RG, Nangia, V, Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, HQ, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, VT, Pereira, MO, Rahman, MA, Rodrigues, M, Saleh, MA, Sharma, M, Sheikh, A, Siddig, EE, Singh, H, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Sun, J, Tan, KK, Vo, DC, Willekens, B, Yang, L, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Zaidi, SS, Zhang, C, Zhao, HQ, Jin, YZ, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, A, Carvalho, AF, Choi, S, Chou, TC, Dey, S, Fathi, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, VB, Hassan, A, Khan, M, Khan, MA, Kisa, A, Kundu, S, Lám, J, Le, TTT, Lee, M, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Li, W, Lim, SS, Liu, XF, Lo, CH, Malik, AA, Menezes, RG, Nangia, V, Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, HQ, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, VT, Pereira, MO, Rahman, MA, Rodrigues, M, Saleh, MA, Sharma, M, Sheikh, A, Siddig, EE, Singh, H, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Sun, J, Tan, KK, Vo, DC, Willekens, B, Yang, L, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Zaidi, SS, Zhang, C, and Zhao, HQ
Abstract: Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrat
Published: 2023

11. Application of forward osmosis membrane technology in nutrient recovery and water reuse

Author: Nguyen, HT, Nguyen, NC, Chen, SS, Ngo, HH, Bui, XT, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, HT, Nguyen, NC, Chen, SS, Ngo, HH, Bui, XT, and Nguyen, PT
Abstract: In recent years, global fertilizer demand has been rising quickly and resource supply may be depleted by the end of the 21st century. Hence, a number of physicochemical and biological processes have been implemented to recover nutrients from wastewater and sludge; nevertheless, these processes consume more chemicals and energy, leading to the emission of greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, forward osmosis (FO)-based technology has been largely discovered to simultaneously recover water and enrich nutrients from wastewater with low membrane fouling and low energy consumption. In hybrid FO-based systems, the FO membrane is used to concentrate nutrients from wastewater while chemical precipitation is encouraged for recovering nutrients in the form of struvite or other membrane technologies used to separate a diluted draw solution. However, this technology still has some limitations, such as concentration polarization, membrane fouling in long-term FO operation, high reverse salt flux from the draw solution, which need to be handled before making it more practical. This book chapter focuses on the mechanism of the FO process, the key factors affecting the FO performance, the recent advanced hybrid FO-based system for nutrient recovery and water reuse, and future research directions.
Published: 2023

12. Phase I clinical trial of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (cytoimplant) delivered by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

Author: Chang, KJ, Nguyen, PT, Thompson, JA, Kurosaki, TT, Casey, LR, Leung, EC, and Granger, GA
Subjects: Lymphocytes, Humans, Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Hyperbilirubinemia, Immunologic Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Endosonography, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Neoplasm Staging, Remission Induction, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation, Homologous, Injections, Intralesional, Karnofsky Performance Status, Survival Rate, Follow-Up Studies, Feasibility Studies, Needles, Safety, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Female, Male, pancreatic neoplasms, adenocarcinoma, drug therapy, antineoplastic agents, immunotherapy, survival analysis, adult, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Transplantation, Homologous, Injections, Intralesional, and over, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract: BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, there are no other published clinical studies that have employed either systemic or local biologic response modifiers in the treatment of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (cytoimplant) delivered by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle injection (FNI) in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsEight patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were enrolled: 4 patients in Stage II, 3 in Stage III, and 1 in Stage IV. Cytoimplants were delivered locally into the tumor using a novel EUS-guided FNI technique. Escalating doses of 3, 6, or 9 billion cells were implanted into the pancreatic tumor by a single EUS-guided FNI. Toxicity (modified National Cancer Institute criteria) was assessed at Day 1, Week 1, and Months 1 and 3. Clinical endpoints included Karnofsky performance status (KPS), CA 19-9, tumor response (computed tomography and/or EUS), and survival with follow-up examinations and imaging tests on months 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24.ResultsThere were no bone marrow, hemorrhagic, infectious, renal, cardiac, or pulmonary toxicities. There were 3 transient Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicities, and 3 patients had transient episodes of hyperbilirubinemia that were reversed by replacement of biliary stents. Seven of 8 patients (86%) experienced low grade fever that responded to acetaminophen, and all fever was resolved within the first 4 weeks. There were no procedure-related complications. There were 2 partial responses and 1 minor response, with a median survival of 13.2 months.ConclusionsA single injection of cytoimplant immunotherapy by EUS-guided FNI appears to be feasible and is not associated with substantial toxicity.
Published: 2000

13. Blended Motor-Sensory Nerve Bundles on Diffused Tensor Imaging: Evidence of Brain Plasticity in a Patient with 36-year Sequelae from Encephalitis

Author: Lam, K, Nguyen, PT, Anh, LV, Lien, T, Lam, K, Nguyen, PT, Anh, LV, and Lien, T
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain plasticity refers to the extraordinary ability of the brain to modify its structure and function following changes within the body or in the external environment. However, it is not easy to find it on non-invasive imaging modality. CASE REPORT: In this article, we report the case of a 36-year-old male patient with sequelae of encephalitis. The patient had general epilepsy with multiple hospital admissions. MRI 3.0 Tesla showed his cerebral hemispheres were asymmetrical both morphologically and tractographically; there was a scar at the right temporo-occipital region, and an atrophy of the right temporal lobe, hippocampus and pontine. DTI reconstruction showed asymmetrical cortico-spinal and thalamo-cortical tracts with posterior thalamo-cortical tract was partly damaged by the scar. Blended motor-sensory nerve bundles were observed only on the left side of the patient’s brain but not on the right or healthy subjects. DTI quantification showed the lower line number, lower FA and higher ADC in the patient compared to healthy subjects and within the patient with decreased functionality on the side of the scar. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive DTI with 3D image reconstruction on the patient showed evidence of brain plasticity appeared on cortico-spinal and thalamo-cortical tracts and can inform diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Published: 2022

14. Comparison of actionable events detected in cancer genomes by whole-genome sequencing, in silico whole-exome and mutation panels

Author: Ramarao-Milne, P, Kondrashova, O, Patch, A-M, Nones, K, Koufariotis, LT, Newell, F, Addala, V, Lakis, V, Holmes, O, Leonard, C, Wood, S, Xu, Q, Mukhopadhyay, P, Naeini, MM, Steinfort, D, Williamson, JP, Bint, M, Pahoff, C, Nguyen, PT, Twaddell, S, Arnold, D, Grainge, C, Basirzadeh, F, Fielding, D, Dalley, AJ, Chittoory, H, Simpson, PT, Aoude, LG, Bonazzi, VF, Patel, K, Barbour, AP, Fennell, DA, Robinson, BW, Creaney, J, Hollway, G, Pearson, JV, Waddell, N, Ramarao-Milne, P, Kondrashova, O, Patch, A-M, Nones, K, Koufariotis, LT, Newell, F, Addala, V, Lakis, V, Holmes, O, Leonard, C, Wood, S, Xu, Q, Mukhopadhyay, P, Naeini, MM, Steinfort, D, Williamson, JP, Bint, M, Pahoff, C, Nguyen, PT, Twaddell, S, Arnold, D, Grainge, C, Basirzadeh, F, Fielding, D, Dalley, AJ, Chittoory, H, Simpson, PT, Aoude, LG, Bonazzi, VF, Patel, K, Barbour, AP, Fennell, DA, Robinson, BW, Creaney, J, Hollway, G, Pearson, JV, and Waddell, N
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing is used in cancer research to identify somatic and germline mutations, which can predict sensitivity or resistance to therapies, and may be a useful tool to reveal drug repurposing opportunities between tumour types. Multigene panels are used in clinical practice for detecting targetable mutations. However, the value of clinical whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for cancer care is less defined, specifically as the majority of variants found using these technologies are of uncertain significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used the Cancer Genome Interpreter and WGS in 726 tumours spanning 10 cancer types to identify drug repurposing opportunities. We compare the ability of WGS to detect actionable variants, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) by using in silico down-sampled data to mimic WES, a comprehensive sequencing panel and a hotspot mutation panel. RESULTS: We reveal drug repurposing opportunities as numerous biomarkers are shared across many solid tumour types. Comprehensive panels identify the majority of approved actionable mutations, with WGS detecting more candidate actionable mutations for biomarkers currently in clinical trials. Moreover, estimated values for TMB and MSI vary when calculated from WGS, WES and panel data, and are dependent on whether all mutations or only non-synonymous mutations were used. Our results suggest that TMB and MSI thresholds should not only be tumour-dependent, but also be sequencing platform-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large opportunity to repurpose cancer drugs, and these data suggest that comprehensive sequencing is an invaluable source of information to guide clinical decisions by facilitating precision medicine and may provide a wealth of information for future studies. Furthermore, the sequencing and analysis approach used to estimate TMB may have clinical implications if a hard threshold is used to indicate which pati
Published: 2022

15. PILOT: Synergy between Text Processing and Neural Networks to Detect Self-Admitted Technical Debt

Author: Di Salle, A, Rota, A, Nguyen, P, Di Ruscio, D, Arcelli Fontana, F, Sala, I, Nguyen, PT, Arcelli Fontana, Francesca, Di Salle, A, Rota, A, Nguyen, P, Di Ruscio, D, Arcelli Fontana, F, Sala, I, Nguyen, PT, and Arcelli Fontana, Francesca
Abstract: During the development phase, software programmers usually introduce code that contains issues intentionally left for additional treatment. To allow for future fixing, they mark such code using textual comments, resulting in Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Detecting SATD contained in source code has become crucial in the development cycle since it helps program-mers locate issues that need to be solved, thus improving code quality. We introduce PILOT, a technical debt detector built on top of a combination of different natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques. First, the semantic among SATD comments is captured using feature extraction steps. Then, neural network algorithms are applied to classify comments, represented as vectors. We built a PILOT prototype with a feed-forward neural network and evaluated it using real-world datasets as proof of concept. The empirical evaluation shows that PILOT obtains an encouraging performance and outperforms a well-established baseline. We anticipate that our tool will come in handy, as once being embedded in the IDE, it can help developers recognize SATD manifested in their code, allowing them to conveniently identify and fix issues.
Published: 2022

16. Safe performance of diagnostic bronchoscopy/EBUS during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Author: Steinfort, DP, Herth, FJF, Irving, LB, Nguyen, PT, Steinfort, DP, Herth, FJF, Irving, LB, and Nguyen, PT
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unprecedented in our professional lives and much effort and resources will be devoted to care of patients (and HCW) affected by this illness. We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non-COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID-19.
Published: 2020

17. Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway

Author: Huynh, Nguyen PT, primary, Gloss, Catherine C, additional, Lorentz, Jeremiah, additional, Tang, Ruhang, additional, Brunger, Jonathan M, additional, McAlinden, Audrey, additional, Zhang, Bo, additional, and Guilak, Farshid, additional
Published: 2020
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18. Author response: Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway

Author: Huynh, Nguyen PT, primary, Gloss, Catherine C, additional, Lorentz, Jeremiah, additional, Tang, Ruhang, additional, Brunger, Jonathan M, additional, McAlinden, Audrey, additional, Zhang, Bo, additional, and Guilak, Farshid, additional
Published: 2020
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19. Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium onto layered double hydroxides-based adsorbents: A systematic in-depth review

Author: Tran, HN, Nguyen, DT, Le, GT, Tomul, F, Lima, EC, Woo, SH, Sarmah, AK, Nguyen, HQ, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, DD, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S, Vo, DVN, and Chao, HP
Subjects: Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
Abstract: © 2019 Elsevier B.V. An attempt has been made in this review to provide some insights into the possible adsorption mechanisms of hexavalent chromium onto layered double hydroxides-based adsorbents by critically examining the past and present literature. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanomaterials are typical dual-electronic adsorbents because they exhibit positively charged external surfaces and abundant interlayer anions. A high positive zeta potential value indicates that LDH has a high affinity to Cr(VI) anions in solution through electrostatic attraction. The host interlayer anions (i.e., Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, and CO32−) provide a high anion exchange capacity (53–520 meq/100 g) which is expected to have an excellent exchangeable capacity to Cr(VI) oxyanions in water. Regarding the adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism, when Cr(VI) anions make contact with the electron-donor groups in the LDH, they are partly reduced to Cr(III) cations. The reduced Cr(III) cations are then adsorbed by LDH via numerous interactions, such as isomorphic substitution and complexation. Nonetheless, the adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism is greatly dependent on: (1) the nature of divalent and trivalent salts utilized in LDH preparation, and the types of interlayer anions (i.e., guest intercalated organic anions), and (3) the adsorption experiment conditions. The low Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of LDH (1.80–179 m2/g) suggests that pore filling played an insignificant role in Cr(VI) adsorption. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of LDH (Qomax) toward Cr(VI) was significantly affected by the natures of used inorganic salts and synthetic methods of LDH. The Qomax values range from 16.3 mg/g to 726 mg/g. Almost all adsorption processes of Cr(VI) by LDH-based adsorbent occur spontaneously (ΔG° 0) and increase the randomness (ΔS° >0) in the system. Thus, LDH has much potential as a promising material that can effectively remove anion pollutants, especially Cr(VI) anions in industrial wastewater.
Published: 2019

20. Year in review 2017: Interventional pulmonology, lung cancer, pleural disease and respiratory infections

Author: Yarmus, L, Nguyen, PT, Montemayor, K, Jennings, M, Bade, B, Shafiq, M, Silvestri, G, Steinfort, D, Yarmus, L, Nguyen, PT, Montemayor, K, Jennings, M, Bade, B, Shafiq, M, Silvestri, G, and Steinfort, D
Published: 2018

21. Gain-of-function mutation of a voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 associated with peripheral pain and impaired limb development

Author: Tanaka, BS, Nguyen, PT, Zhou, EY, Yang, Y, Yarov-Yarovoy, V, Dib-Hajj, SD, and Waxman, SG
Abstract: Dominant mutations in voltage-gated sodium channelNav1.7 cause inherited erythromelalgia, a debilitating pain disorder characterized by severe burning pain and redness of the distal extremities. Nav1.7 is preferentially expressed within peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons. Here, we describe a novel Nav1.7 mutation in an 11-year-old male with underdevelopment of the limbs, recurrent attacks of burning pain with erythema, and swelling in his feet and hands. Frequency and duration of the episodes gradually increased with age, and relief by cooling became less effective. The patient's sister had short stature and reported similar complaints of erythema and burning pain, but with less intensity. Genetic analysis revealed a novel missense mutation in Nav1.7 (2567G>C; p.Gly856Arg) in both siblings. The G856R mutation, located within the DII/S4-S5 linker of the channel, substitutes a highly conserved non-polar glycine by a positively charged arginine. Voltage-clamp analysis of G856R currents revealed that the mutation hyperpolarized (-11.2 mV) voltage dependence of activation and slowed deactivation but did not affect fast inactivation, compared with wildtype channels. A mutation of Gly-856 to aspartic acid was previouslyfoundin a family with limb painandlimb underdevelopment, and its functional assessment showed hyperpolarized activation, depolarized fast inactivation, and increased ramp current. Structural modeling using the Rosetta computational modeling suite provided structural clues to the divergent effects of the substitution of Gly-856 by arginine and aspartic acid. Although the proexcitatory changes in gating properties of G856R contribute to the pathophysiology of inherited erythromelalgia, the link to limb underdevelopment is not well understood.
Published: 2017

22. Impacts of Dams and Global Warming on Fish Biodiversity in the Indo-Burma Hotspot

Author: Suvarnaraksha, A, Tanaka, K, Grudpan, J, Grudpan, C, Watanabe, K, Dudgeon, D, Kano, Y, Thach, P, Tran, DD, Yamashita, T, Utsugi, K, Doi, H, Shimatani, Y, Shibukawa, K, Samejima, H, Sato, T, Praxaysonbath, B, Nguyen, PT, Musikasinthorn, P, Magtoon, W, and Nam, S
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Biodiversity, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Fresh Water, Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Environmental protection, lcsh:Science, Asia, Southeastern, Hydropower, Climatology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Fishes, Agriculture, Freshwater Fish, Vertebrates, Algorithms, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecological Metrics, Fish Biology, Climate Change, Fisheries, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Rivers, Fish Physiology, Animals, Animal Physiology, Computer Simulation, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Global warming, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Environments, Species Diversity, Bodies of Water, Vertebrate Physiology, Threatened species, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Species richness, business, Zoology, Power Plants, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil-fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for example, dams constrain range adjustments by fishes that might compensate for warming temperatures. Evaluation of their combined or synergistic effects is thus essential for adequate assessment of the consequences of planned water-resource developments. We made projections of the responses of 363 fish species within the Indo-Burma global biodiversity hotspot to the separate and joint impacts of dams and global warming. The hotspot encompasses the Lower Mekong Basin, which is the world's largest freshwater capture fishery. Projections for 81 dam-building scenarios revealed progressive impacts upon projected species richness, habitable area, and the proportion of threatened species as generating capacity increased. Projections from 126 global-warming scenarios included a rise in species richness, a reduction in habitable area, and an increase in the proportion of threatened species; however, there was substantial variation in the extent of these changes among warming projections. Projections from scenarios that combined the effects of dams and global warming were derived either by simply adding the two threats, or by combining them in a synergistic manner that took account of the likelihood that habitat shifts under global warming would be constrained by river fragmentation. Impacts on fish diversity under the synergistic projections were 10-20% higher than those attributable to additive scenarios, and were exacerbated as generating capacity increased-particularly if CO2 emissions remained high. The impacts of dams, especially those on river mainstreams, are likely to be greater, more predictable and more immediately pressing for fishes than the consequences of global warming. Limits upon dam construction should therefore be a priority action for conserving fish biodiversity in the Indo-Burma hotspot. This would minimize synergistic impacts attributable to dams plus global warming, and help ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services represented by the Lower Mekong fishery.
Published: 2016

23. Protocol of the Australasian Malignant Pleural Effusion-2 (AMPLE-2) trial: A multicentre randomised study of aggressive versus symptom-guided drainage via indwelling pleural catheters

Author: Azzopardi, M, Thomas, R, Muruganandan, S, Lam, DCL, Garske, LA, Kwan, BCH, Rashid Ali, MRS, Nguyen, PT, Yap, E, Horwood, FC, Ritchie, AJ, Bint, M, Tobin, CL, Shrestha, R, Piccolo, F, De Chaneet, CC, Creaney, J, Newton, RU, Hendrie, D, Murray, K, Read, CA, Feller-Kopman, D, Maskell, NA, Gary Lee, YC, Azzopardi, M, Thomas, R, Muruganandan, S, Lam, DCL, Garske, LA, Kwan, BCH, Rashid Ali, MRS, Nguyen, PT, Yap, E, Horwood, FC, Ritchie, AJ, Bint, M, Tobin, CL, Shrestha, R, Piccolo, F, De Chaneet, CC, Creaney, J, Newton, RU, Hendrie, D, Murray, K, Read, CA, Feller-Kopman, D, Maskell, NA, and Gary Lee, YC
Abstract: Introduction Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) can complicate most cancers, causing dyspnoea and impairing quality of life (QoL). Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) are a novel management approach allowing ambulatory fluid drainage and are increasingly used as an alternative to pleurodesis. IPC drainage approaches vary greatly between centres. Some advocate aggressive (usually daily) removal of fluid to provide best symptom control and chance of spontaneous pleurodesis. Daily drainages however demand considerably more resources and may increase risks of complications. Others believe that MPE care is palliative and drainage should be performed only when patients become symptomatic (often weekly to monthly). Identifying the best drainage approach will optimise patient care and healthcare resource utilisation. Methods and analysis A multicentre, open-label randomised trial. Patients with MPE will be randomised 1:1 to daily or symptom-guided drainage regimes after IPC insertion. Patient allocation to groups will be stratified for the cancer type (mesothelioma vs others), performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status 0-1 vs ≥2), presence of trapped lung (vs not) and prior pleurodesis (vs not). The primary outcome is the mean daily dyspnoea score, measured by a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) over the first 60 days. Secondary outcomes include benefits on physical activity levels, rate of spontaneous pleurodesis, complications, hospital admission days, healthcare costs and QoL measures. Enrolment of 86 participants will detect a mean difference of VAS score of 14 mm between the treatment arms (5% significance, 90% power) assuming a common between-group SD of 18.9 mm and a 10% lost to follow-up rate. Ethics and dissemination The Sir Charles Gairdner Group Human Research Ethics Committee has approved the study (number 2015-043). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number ACTRN126150
Published: 2016

24. Increasing Innovation and Flexibility in Social Service Delivery. Report Back to Australian Industry

Author: Considine, M, O'Sullivan, SB, Nguyen, PT, F, Considine, M, O'Sullivan, SB, Nguyen, PT, and F
Published: 2013

25. Preneoplastic Endobronchial Lesions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients – Multiple Lesions Persist While Single Regress.

Author: Nguyen, PT, primary and Fielding, DI, additional
Published: 2009
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26. EUS-guided brachytherapy.

Author: Lah JJ, Kuo JV, Chang KJ, and Nguyen PT
Published: 2005
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27. Input allocative efficiencies for operation and maintenance of rural piped water supply systems in highland areas of Vietnam

Author: Dinh, DV, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Carrard, N, Nguyen, NM, Au, TNH, Dinh, DV, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Carrard, N, Nguyen, NM, and Au, TNH
Abstract: Strengthening the functioning of existing rural piped water supply systems is a critical strategy for ensuring household water security, particularly in water-scarce contexts. Improving operation and maintenance (O&M) of the systems is an important area of focus, commonly plagued by poor reliability and functionality over time. From an economic perspective, there is an opportunity to optimise O&M input efficiencies as a foundation for improved management. This paper presented challenges and opportunities to optimise O&M input efficiencies based on an analysis of water supply systems in Vietnam’s highland areas characterised by mountainous terrain and water scarcity. The analysis focused on state-based agencies for O&M given their mandate for restoring the inefficient systems and identified input norms for guidance on how to optimise O&M activities. We applied an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) model under constant returns to scale assumption to estimate technical, economic and allocative efficiencies. The results identified efficiency levels of 90%, 30% and 33% respectively. The study suggests a 10% reduction in general input amounts and identified efficient input target values reveal potential reduction rates for technical labour (12%), electricity (12%), as well as the technical and economic norms of technical labour (0.86 person- day∙(100 m3)–1 water sold) and electricity (0.53 kWh∙m–3 water sold). The policy implications for O&M state-based agencies include the adoption of input-based contracting mechanisms, while the government is encouraged to approve water tariffs and provide compensation based on input items to promote water service supply as a public good in water- scarce and challenging areas.

28. Input allocative efficiencies for operation and maintenance of rural piped water supply systems in highland areas of Vietnam

Author: Dinh, DV, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Carrard, N, Nguyen, NM, Au, TNH, Dinh, DV, Nguyen, PT, Nguyen, TT, Carrard, N, Nguyen, NM, and Au, TNH
Abstract: Strengthening the functioning of existing rural piped water supply systems is a critical strategy for ensuring household water security, particularly in water-scarce contexts. Improving operation and maintenance (O&M) of the systems is an important area of focus, commonly plagued by poor reliability and functionality over time. From an economic perspective, there is an opportunity to optimise O&M input efficiencies as a foundation for improved management. This paper presented challenges and opportunities to optimise O&M input efficiencies based on an analysis of water supply systems in Vietnam’s highland areas characterised by mountainous terrain and water scarcity. The analysis focused on state-based agencies for O&M given their mandate for restoring the inefficient systems and identified input norms for guidance on how to optimise O&M activities. We applied an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) model under constant returns to scale assumption to estimate technical, economic and allocative efficiencies. The results identified efficiency levels of 90%, 30% and 33% respectively. The study suggests a 10% reduction in general input amounts and identified efficient input target values reveal potential reduction rates for technical labour (12%), electricity (12%), as well as the technical and economic norms of technical labour (0.86 person- day∙(100 m3)–1 water sold) and electricity (0.53 kWh∙m–3 water sold). The policy implications for O&M state-based agencies include the adoption of input-based contracting mechanisms, while the government is encouraged to approve water tariffs and provide compensation based on input items to promote water service supply as a public good in water- scarce and challenging areas.

29. Inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression induced by collagen-coated and uncoated polypropylene meshes in a rat model.

Author: Pierce LM, Asarias JR, Nguyen PT, Mings JR, and Gehrich AP
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare the influence of collagen-coated vs uncoated polypropylene meshes on the expression of genes critical for wound healing. STUDY DESIGN: In 54 rats, abdominal wall defects were created, repaired by polypropylene sutures, and covered by an overlay of coated polypropylene (n = 20), uncoated polypropylene (n = 18), or no mesh (n = 16). Explants were harvested 7 or 90 days after repair and divided for histological, immunohistochemical, and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) analyses. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction arrays were used to profile the expression of 84 genes at the tissue-mesh interface. RESULTS: One week after implantation, coated mesh elicited a slightly greater inflammatory response and increased mRNA expression of 4 proinflammatory cytokines compared with uncoated mesh. Both materials, however, induced a comparable expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases relative to suture repair 90 days after implantation. CONCLUSION: Collagen-coated polypropylene mesh induces elevated inflammatory cytokine expression compared with uncoated mesh early in the healing process, but the response to both meshes is similar 90 days after implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011

30. Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells.

Author: Pariser, Daphne N., Hilt, Zachary T., Ture, Sara K., Blick-Nitko, Sara K., Looney, Mark R., Cleary, Simon J., Roman-Pagan, Estheany, Saunders 2nd, Jerry, Georas, Steve N., Veazey, Janelle, Madere, Ferralita, Santos, Laura Tesoro, Arne, Allison, Huynh, Nguyen Pt, Livada, Alison C., Guerrero-Martin, Selena M., Lyons, Claire, Metcalf-Pate, Kelly A., McGrath, Kathleen E., and Palis, James
Subjects: *MEGAKARYOCYTES, *LUNGS, *BACTERIAL proteins, *CELLS, *RNA sequencing
Abstract: Although platelets are the cellular mediators of thrombosis, they are also immune cells. Platelets interact both directly and indirectly with immune cells, impacting their activation and differentiation, as well as all phases of the immune response. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are the cell source of circulating platelets, and until recently Mks were typically only considered bone marrow-resident (BM-resident) cells. However, platelet-producing Mks also reside in the lung, and lung Mks express greater levels of immune molecules compared with BM Mks. We therefore sought to define the immune functions of lung Mks. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of BM and lung myeloid-enriched cells, we found that lung Mks, which we term MkL, had gene expression patterns that are similar to antigen-presenting cells. This was confirmed using imaging and conventional flow cytometry. The immune phenotype of Mks was plastic and driven by the tissue immune environment, as evidenced by BM Mks having an MkL-like phenotype under the influence of pathogen receptor challenge and lung-associated immune molecules, such as IL-33. Our in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MkL internalized and processed both antigenic proteins and bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, MkL induced CD4+ T cell activation in an MHC II-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. These data indicated that MkL had key immune regulatory roles dictated in part by the tissue environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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31. Sensory acceptability, quality and purchase intent of potato chips with reduced salt (NaCl) concentrations

Author: Torrico, Damir, Nguyen, PT, Li, T, Mena, B, Gonzalez Viejo, C, Fuentes, S, and Dunshea, FR
Published: 2019
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32. Isolation and Enumeration of the Bacillus cereus Group Using a Chromogenic Substrate that Targets Phosphatidylcholine Phospholipase C Activity.

Author: Nguyen PT and Restaino L
Subjects: Type C Phospholipases metabolism, Food Microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, Humans, Bacillus cereus enzymology, Bacillus cereus isolation & purification
Abstract: The Bacillus cereus group is comprised of diverse yet closely related species that are ubiquitous in nature. These Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria are commonly isolated as potential pathogens in environmental and food samples, and they are also beneficially used in industrial applications such as probiotics or agricultural pesticides. Although phylogenetic and genomic analyses identified eight formally recognized species within the Bacillus cereus group, only five members are currently acknowledged using standardized isolation procedures. Therefore, current enumeration procedures may be inadequate and inaccurate in determining the clinical importance of the B. cereus group and their prevalence in food and environmental sources. In this investigation, the R & F® Bacillus cereus Group Chromogenic Plating Medium (BCG) was developed to target the enzyme phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C (PC-PLC) found widely distributed among the B. cereus group species. The performance evaluations of the plating medium demonstrated a 100% plating productivity ratio, inclusivity, and exclusivity when compared with Trypto Soy Agar (TSA). B. cereus group species, including B. anthracis, B. cereus sensu stricto (s.s.), B. cytotoxicus, B. pseudomycoides, B. mycoides, B. thuringiensis, B. toyonensis, B. weidmannii, and B. weihenstephanensis, formed turquoise-colored colonies on the BCG agar, indicating PC-PLC activity after 24-28 h of incubation at the selected optimal temperature of 35 °C. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between BCG and TSA when enumerating B. cereus s.s. and B. cytotoxicus artificially inoculated in whey protein powder and ultra-high temperature milk after long-term storage., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 R & F Products, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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33. Genome wide association studies are enriched for interacting genes.

Author: Nguyen PT, Coetzee SG, Silacheva I, and Hazelett DJ
Abstract: Background : With recent advances in single cell technology, high-throughput methods provide unique insight into disease mechanisms and more importantly, cell type origin. Here, we used multi-omics data to understand how genetic variants from genome-wide association studies influence development of disease. We show in principle how to use genetic algorithms with normal, matching pairs of single-nucleus RNA- and ATAC-seq, genome annotations, and protein-protein interaction data to describe the genes and cell types collectively and their contribution to increased risk. Results : We used genetic algorithms to measure fitness of gene-cell set proposals against a series of objective functions that capture data and annotations. The highest information objective function captured protein-protein interactions. We observed significantly greater fitness scores and subgraph sizes in foreground vs. matching sets of control variants. Furthermore, our model reliably identified known targets and ligand-receptor pairs, consistent with prior studies. Conclusions : Our findings suggested that application of genetic algorithms to association studies can generate a coherent cellular model of risk from a set of susceptibility variants. Further, we showed, using breast cancer as an example, that such variants have a greater number of physical interactions than expected due to chance.
Published: 2024
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34. Highly adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and E. coli inactivation using amino acid tryptophan modified nano-gibbsite.

Author: Pham TD, Nguyen PT, Phan TMN, Dinh TD, Tran TMH, Nguyen MK, Hoang TH, and Srivastav AL
Subjects: Adsorption, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Water Purification methods, Escherichia coli drug effects, Ciprofloxacin chemistry, Tryptophan chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
Abstract: Adsorption of essential amino acid, Tryptophan (Tryp) on synthesized gibbsite nanoparticles and their applications in eliminating of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CFX) and bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in aqueous solution. Nano-gibbsite which was successfully fabricated, was characterized by XRD, TEM-SAED, FT-IR, SEM-EDX and zeta potential measurements. The selected parameters for Tryp adsorption on nano-gibbsite to form biomaterial, Tryp/gibbsite were pH 11, gibbsite dosage 20 mg/mL and 1400 mg/L Tryp. The optimum conditions for CFX removal using Tryp/gibbsite were adsorption time 60 min, pH 5, and 20 mg/mL Tryp/gibbsite dosage. The CFX removal significantly raised from 63 to 90% when using Tryp/gibbsite. The Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models achieved the best fits for CFX adsorption isotherm and kinetic on Tryp/gibbsite, respectively. The amount of CFX increased with increasing ionic strength, suggesting that both electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions were important. After four reused time, CFX removal was greater than 66%, demonstrating that Tryp/gibbsite is reusable with high performance in removing CFX. The application in bacterial activity in term of E. coli reached greater than 98% that was the best material for bacteria inactivation. The present study reveals that Tryp/gibbsite is an excellent bio-material for removing CFX and E. coli., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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35. The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its Contacts: Emerging Roles in Axon Development, Neurotransmission, and Degeneration.

Author: Kuijpers M, Nguyen PT, and Haucke V
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Nerve Degeneration pathology, Nerve Degeneration physiopathology, Neurons physiology, Neurons metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum physiology, Axons physiology, Axons metabolism, Synaptic Transmission physiology
Abstract: The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of a dynamic, tubular network that extends all the way from the soma into dendrites, axons, and synapses. This morphology gives rise to an enormous membrane surface area that, through the presence of tethering proteins, lipid transfer proteins, and ion channels, plays critical roles in local calcium regulation, membrane dynamics, and the supply of ions and lipids to other organelles. Here, we summarize recent advances that highlight the various roles of the neuronal ER in axonal growth, repair, and presynaptic function. We review the variety of contact sites between the ER and other axonal organelles and describe their influence on neurodevelopment and neurotransmission., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Published: 2024
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36. Performance of somatic structural variant calling in lung cancer using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology.

Author: Liu L, Zhang J, Wood S, Newell F, Leonard C, Koufariotis LT, Nones K, Dalley AJ, Chittoory H, Bashirzadeh F, Son JH, Steinfort D, Williamson JP, Bint M, Pahoff C, Nguyen PT, Twaddell S, Arnold D, Grainge C, Simpson PT, Fielding D, Waddell N, and Pearson JV
Subjects: Humans, Mutation, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods, Whole Genome Sequencing methods, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Nanopore Sequencing methods
Abstract: Background: Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Somatic mutations, including large structural variants, are important biomarkers in lung cancer for selecting targeted therapy. Genomic studies in lung cancer have been conducted using short-read sequencing. Emerging long-read sequencing technologies are a promising alternative to study somatic structural variants, however there is no current consensus on how to process data and call somatic events. In this study, we preformed whole genome sequencing of lung cancer and matched non-tumour samples using long and short read sequencing to comprehensively benchmark three sequence aligners and seven structural variant callers comprised of generic callers (SVIM, Sniffles2, DELLY in generic mode and cuteSV) and somatic callers (Severus, SAVANA, nanomonsv and DELLY in somatic modes)., Results: Different combinations of aligners and variant callers influenced somatic structural variant detection. The choice of caller had a significant influence on somatic structural variant detection in terms of variant type, size, sensitivity, and accuracy. The performance of each variant caller was assessed by comparing to somatic structural variants identified by short-read sequencing. When compared to somatic structural variants detected with short-read sequencing, more events were detected with long-read sequencing. The mean recall of somatic variant events identified by long-read sequencing was higher for the somatic callers (72%) than generic callers (53%). Among the somatic callers when using the minimap2 aligner, SAVANA and Severus achieved the highest recall at 79.5% and 79.25% respectively, followed by nanomonsv with a recall of 72.5%., Conclusion: Long-read sequencing can identify somatic structural variants in clincal samples. The longer reads have the potential to improve our understanding of cancer development and inform personalized cancer treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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37. Converting the Amyloidogenic Islet Amyloid Polypeptide into a Potent Nonaggregating Peptide Ligand by Side Chain-to-Side Chain Macrocyclization.

Author: Babych M, Garelja ML, Nguyen PT, Hay DL, and Bourgault S
Subjects: Humans, Cyclization, Ligands, Amyloid chemistry, Amyloid metabolism, Cycloaddition Reaction, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide chemistry, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide metabolism
Abstract: The islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), also known as amylin, is a hormone playing key physiological roles. However, its aggregation and deposition in the pancreatic islets are associated with type 2 diabetes. While this peptide adopts mainly a random coil structure in solution, its secondary conformational conversion into α-helix represents a critical step for receptor activation and contributes to amyloid formation and associated cytotoxicity. Considering the large conformational landscape and high amyloidogenicity of the peptide, as well as the complexity of the self-assembly process, it is challenging to delineate the delicate interplay between helical folding, peptide aggregation, and receptor activation. In the present study, we probed the roles of helical folding on the function-toxicity duality of IAPP by restricting its conformational ensemble through side chain-to-side chain stapling via azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Intramolecular macrocyclization ( i ; i + 4) constrained IAPP into α-helix and inhibited its aggregation into amyloid fibrils. These helical derivatives slowed down the self-assembly of unmodified IAPP. Site-specific macrocyclization modulated the capacity of IAPP to perturb lipid bilayers and cell plasma membrane and reduced, or even fully inhibited, the cytotoxicity associated with aggregation. Furthermore, the α-helical IAPP analogs showed moderate to high potency toward cognate G protein-coupled receptors. Overall, these results indicate that macrocyclization represents a promising strategy to protect an amyloidogenic peptide hormone from aggregation and associated toxicity, while maintaining high receptor activity.
Published: 2024
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38. Advances in Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Present and Future Applications.

Author: Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Nguyen PT, Le-Buanec H, Rabetafika HN, and Razafindralambo HL
Subjects: Humans, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Animals, Polysaccharides, Bacterial chemistry
Abstract: Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are receiving growing interest today, owing to their diversity in chemical structure and source, multiple functions, and immense potential applications in many food and non-food industries. Their health-promoting benefits for humans deserve particular attention because of their various biological activities and physiological functions. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of microbial EPSs, covering (1) their chemical and biochemical diversity, including composition, biosynthesis, and bacterial sources belonging mainly to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or probiotics; (2) their technological and analytical aspects, especially their production mode and characterization; (3) their biological and physiological aspects based on their activities and functions; and (4) their current and future uses in medical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly for their prebiotic, anticancer, and immunobiotic properties, as well as their applications in other industrial and agricultural sectors.
Published: 2024
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39. Effectiveness and implementation of decentralized, community- and primary care-based strategies in promoting hepatitis B testing uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Kim TV, Pham TND, Phan P, Le MHN, Le Q, Nguyen PT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen DX, Trang B, Cao C, Gurakar A, Hoffmann CJ, and Dao DY
Abstract: Background: Expanding chronic hepatitis B (CHB) testing through effective implementation strategies in primary- and community-care setting is crucial for elimination. Our study aimed to determine the effectiveness of all available strategies in the literature and evaluate their specifications and implementation outcomes, thereby informing future programming and policymaking., Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023455781), searching Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases up to June 05, 2024, for randomized controlled trials investigating primary- and community-care-based implementation strategies to promote CHB testing. Studies were screened against a priori eligibility criteria, and their data were extracted using a standardized protocol if included. ROB-2 was used to assess the risk of bias. Implementation strategies' components were characterized using the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework. Random-effect models were applied to pool the effectiveness estimate by strategy. Mixed-effect meta-regression was employed to investigate if effectiveness varied by the number of strategy's BCW components., Findings: 7146 unique records were identified. 25 studies were eligible for the review, contributing 130,598 participants. 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No studies were conducted in low-and-middle-income countries. Implementation outcomes were reported in only ten studies (40%). Community-based strategies included lay health workers-led education (Pooled Risk Difference = 27.9% [95% Confidence Interval = 3.4-52.4], I 2 = 99.3%) or crowdsourced education on social media (3.1% [-2.2 to 8.4], 0.0%). Primary care-based strategies consisted of electronic alert system (8.4% [3.7-13.1], 95.0%) and healthcare providers-led education (HCPs, 62.5% [53.1-71.9], 27.5%). The number of BCW-framework-driven strategy components showed a significant dose-response relationship with effectiveness., Interpretation: HCPs-led education stands out, and more enriched multicomponent strategies had better effectiveness. Future implementation strategies should consider critical contextual factors and policies to achieve a sustainable impact towards hepatitis B elimination targets., Funding: Tran Dolch Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA., Competing Interests: DYD has received financial support from Mai Dolch for the Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Vietnam at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; research grants from the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Gilead Sciences, Fujifilm Medical Systems, and Roche Diagnostics International Ltd.; honoraria and travel support from BMJ Best Practices, Fujifilm Medical Systems, Roche Diagnostics International Ltd., and Techno Orbits; and equipment and materials from Fujifilm Medical Systems and Roche Diagnostics International Ltd. DYD has also served on Data Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) or advisory boards for IQVIA. HN has received payment from A. Menarini Singapore Pte. Ltd. for a presentation on the economic evaluation of tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B in Vietnam; financial support from VinHealth for the economic evaluation of tenofovir alafenamide in Vietnam; and financial support from Mahidol University for evaluating strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). PN has received financial support from VinHealth for the economic evaluation of tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B in Vietnam. All other authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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40. A phase II trial examining the safety and preliminary efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for people living with multiple sclerosis.

Author: Stevens N, Ezegbe C, Fuh-Ngwa V, Makowiecki K, Zarghami A, Nguyen PT, Sansom J, Smith K, Laslett LL, Denham M, Cullen CL, Barnett MH, Hinder MR, Breslin M, Young KM, and Taylor BV
Subjects: Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Male, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Time Factors, Disability Evaluation, Quality of Life, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation adverse effects, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition and the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. MS pathogenesis leads to the death of oligodendrocytes, demyelination, and progressive central nervous system neurodegeneration. Endogenous remyelination occurs in people with MS (PwMS) but is insufficient to repair the damage. Our preclinical studies in mice indicate that endogenous remyelination can be supported by the delivery of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Our phase I trial concluded that 20 sessions of rTMS, delivered over 5 weeks, are safe and feasible for PwMS. This phase II trial aims to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rTMS for PwMS., Methods: Participants must be aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with MS by a neurologist, stable and relapse free for 6 months, have an Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between 1.5 and 6 (inclusive), willing to travel to a study site every weekday for 4 consecutive weeks, and able to provide informed consent and access the internet. Participants from multiple centres will be randomised 2:1 (rTMS to sham) stratified by sex. The intervention will be delivered with a Magstim Rapid2 stimulator device and circular 90-mm coil or MagVenture MagPro stimulator device with C100 circular coil, positioned to stimulate a broad area including frontal and parietal cortices. For the rTMS group, pulse intensity will be set at 18% (MagVenture) or 25% (Magstim) of maximum stimulator output (MSO), and rTMS applied as intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) (~ 3 min per side; 600 pulses). For the sham group, the procedure will be the same, but the intensity is set at 0%. Each participant will attend 20 intervention sessions over a maximum of 5 weeks. Outcome measures include MS Functional Composite Score (primary), Fatigue Severity Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Quality of Life, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/Numeric Rating Scale and adverse events (secondary) and advanced MRI metrics (tertiary). Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after completing the intervention., Discussion: This study will determine if rTMS can improve functional outcomes or other MS symptoms and determine whether rTMS has the potential to promote remyelination in PwMS., Trial Registration: Registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, 20 January 2022; ACTRN12622000064707., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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41. The lncRNA and miRNA regulatory axis in HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancers.

Author: Sais D, Hill M, Deutsch F, Nguyen PT, Gay V, and Tran N
Abstract: The global rise of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 necessitates a deeper understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our study utilised RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify and analyse differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in HPV16-positive OPC, and to elucidate the interplay within the lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network. We revealed 1929 DE lncRNAs and identified a significant expression shift in 37 of these, suggesting a regulatory 'sponge' function for miRNAs that modulate cellular processes. Notably, the lncRNA Linc00911 exhibited decreased expression in HPV16-positive OPC, a change directly attributable to HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 as confirmed by RT-qPCR in cell lines and patient samples. Our comprehensive analysis presents an expansive landscape of ncRNA-mRNA interactions, offering a resource for the ongoing pursuit of elucidating the molecular underpinnings of HPV-driven OPC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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42. An artificial intelligence accelerated virtual screening platform for drug discovery.

Author: Zhou G, Rusnac DV, Park H, Canzani D, Nguyen HM, Stewart L, Bush MF, Nguyen PT, Wulff H, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Zheng N, and DiMaio F
Subjects: Humans, NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel metabolism, NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel chemistry, Protein Binding, Crystallography, X-Ray, Ligands, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries pharmacology, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, Drug Discovery methods, Molecular Docking Simulation, Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Structure-based virtual screening is a key tool in early drug discovery, with growing interest in the screening of multi-billion chemical compound libraries. However, the success of virtual screening crucially depends on the accuracy of the binding pose and binding affinity predicted by computational docking. Here we develop a highly accurate structure-based virtual screen method, RosettaVS, for predicting docking poses and binding affinities. Our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on a wide range of benchmarks, partially due to our ability to model receptor flexibility. We incorporate this into a new open-source artificial intelligence accelerated virtual screening platform for drug discovery. Using this platform, we screen multi-billion compound libraries against two unrelated targets, a ubiquitin ligase target KLHDC2 and the human voltage-gated sodium channel Na V 1.7. For both targets, we discover hit compounds, including seven hits (14% hit rate) to KLHDC2 and four hits (44% hit rate) to Na V 1.7, all with single digit micromolar binding affinities. Screening in both cases is completed in less than seven days. Finally, a high resolution X-ray crystallographic structure validates the predicted docking pose for the KLHDC2 ligand complex, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method in lead discovery., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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43. Harnessing graph state resources for robust quantum magnetometry under noise.

Author: Nguyen PT, Le TK, Nguyen HQ, and Ho LB
Abstract: Precise measurement of magnetic fields is essential for various applications, such as fundamental physics, space exploration, and biophysics. Although recent progress in quantum engineering has assisted in creating advanced quantum magnetometers, there are still ongoing challenges in improving their efficiency and noise resistance. This study focuses on using symmetric graph state resources for quantum magnetometry to enhance measurement precision by analyzing the estimation theory under time-homogeneous and time-inhomogeneous noise models. The results show a significant improvement in estimating both single and multiple Larmor frequencies. In single Larmor frequency estimation, the quantum Fisher information spans a spectrum from the standard quantum limit to the Heisenberg limit within a periodic range of the Larmor frequency, and in the case of multiple Larmor frequencies, it can exceed the standard quantum limit for both noisy cases. This study highlights the potential of graph state-based methods for improving magnetic field measurements under noisy environments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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44. Comprehensive analysis of distinct circadian clock subtypes of adult diffuse glioma and their associations with clinicopathological, genetic, and epigenetic profiles.

Author: Le MK, Tran NQV, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TA, Nakao A, and Kondo T
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic genetics, Aged, Cohort Studies, Glioma genetics, Glioma pathology, Glioma metabolism, Brain Neoplasms genetics, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Circadian Clocks genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic
Abstract: The circadian clock (CC) has biological and clinical implications in gliomas. Most studies focused on CC effects on the tumor microenvironment and the application of chronotherapy. The present study focused on CC gene expression patterns and intracellular oncogenic activities. Glioma gene expression data were collected from The Human Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 666 patients from TCGA-GBM and TCGA-LGG projects and included important clinicopathological variables. The entire cohort was subjected to clustering analysis and divided into CC1 and CC2 subtypes based on statistical, biological, and clinical criteria. CC2 gliomas showed higher expression of BMAL1 and CRY1 and lower expression of CRY2 and PER2 (adjusted P < .001). CC2 gliomas had q higher activity of cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and many oncogenic signals (P < .001). The CC2 subtype contained a higher proportion of glioblastomas (P < .001) and had a worse prognosis (P < .001). Stratified Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox analyses illustrated that the CC subtype is an independent prognostic factor to clinicopathological characteristics (P < .001), genetic aberrations (P = .006), and biological processes (P < .001). Thus, this study shows statistical evidence of CC subtypes and their biological, and clinicopathological significance in adult gliomas., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Association of Neuropathologists, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2024
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45. A consultation and work-up diagnosis protocol for a multicancer early detection test: a case series study.

Author: Dang Nguyen LH, Tieu BL, Nguyen TT, Ha NP, Huong Nguyen GT, Hanh Nguyen TH, Le VH, Bui VQ, Nguyen LH, Pham NH, Phan TH, Nguyen HT, Tran VS, Bui CV, Vo VK, Nhan Nguyen PT, Phuoc Dang HH, Pham VD, Cao VT, Phan NM, Nguyen VT, Quyen Le TL, Luong TL, Phuong Doan TK, Phan CD, Nguyen TX, Pham NT, Nguyen BT, Thuy Pham TT, Le HL, Truong CT, Jasmine TX, Le MC, Phan VB, Truong QB, Ly Tran TH, Huynh MT, Tran TQ, Nguyen ST, Tran V, Tran VK, Nguyen HN, Phan TV, Do TT, Truong DK, Giang H, Nguyen HN, Phan MD, Tran LS, Tang HS, and Nguyen DS
Abstract: The emergence of multicancer early detection (MCED) tests holds promise for improving early cancer detection and public health outcomes. However, positive MCED test results require confirmation through recommended cancer diagnostic imaging modalities. To address these challenges, we have developed a consultation and work-up protocol for definitive diagnostic results post MCED testing, named SPOT-MAS. Developed through circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and in line with professional guidelines and advisory board consensus, this protocol standardizes information to aid general practitioners in accessing, interpreting and managing SPOT-MAS results. Clinical effectiveness is demonstrated through a series of identified cancer cases. Our research indicates that the protocol could empower healthcare professionals to confidently interpret circulating tumor DNA test results for 5 common types of cancer, thereby facilitating the clinical integration of MCED tests.
Published: 2024
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46. Structural modeling of ion channels using AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold2, and ESMFold.

Author: Nguyen PT, Harris BJ, Mateos DL, González AH, Murray AM, and Yarov-Yarovoy V
Subjects: Humans, Potassium, Calcium, Ion Channels
Abstract: Ion channels play key roles in human physiology and are important targets in drug discovery. The atomic-scale structures of ion channels provide invaluable insights into a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and modulation. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning-based computational methods, such as AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold have transformed research in protein structure prediction and design. We review the application of AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold to structural modeling of ion channels using representative voltage-gated ion channels, including human voltage-gated sodium (Na V ) channel - Na V 1.8, human voltage-gated calcium (Ca V ) channel - Ca V 1.1, and human voltage-gated potassium (K V ) channel - K V 1.3. We compared AlphaFold, RoseTTAFold, and ESMFold structural models of Na V 1.8, Ca V 1.1, and K V 1.3 with corresponding cryo-EM structures to assess details of their similarities and differences. Our findings shed light on the strengths and limitations of the current state-of-the-art deep learning-based computational methods for modeling ion channel structures, offering valuable insights to guide their future applications for ion channel research.
Published: 2024
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47. Rhizosphere bacterial exopolysaccharides: composition, biosynthesis, and their potential applications.

Author: Pham TT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TT, Pham MN, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Huynh TN, and Nguyen HT
Subjects: Bacteria metabolism, Polysaccharides, Bacterial biosynthesis, Polysaccharides, Bacterial metabolism, Rhizosphere, Soil Microbiology
Abstract: Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are biopolymers of carbohydrates, often released from cells into the extracellular environment. Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, EPS finds applications in various industrial sectors. However, the need for alternative EPS has grown over the past few decades as lactic acid bacteria's (LAB) low-yield EPS is unable to meet the demand. In this case, rhizosphere bacteria with the diverse communities in soil leading to variations in composition and structure, are recognized as a potential source of EPS applicable in various industries. In addition, media components and cultivation conditions have an impact on EPS production, which ultimately affects the quantity, structure, and biological functions of the EPS. Therefore, scientists are currently working on manipulating bacterial EPS by developing cultures and applying abiotic and biotic stresses, so that better production of exopolysaccharides can be attained. This review highlights the composition, biosynthesis, and effects of environmental factors on EPS production along with the potential applications in different fields of industry. Ultimately, an overview of potential future paths and tactics for improving EPS implementation and commercialization is pointed out., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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48. Different Biocompatibility and Radioprotective Activity of Squid Melanin Nanoparticles on Human Stromal Cells.

Author: Nguyen LT, Do XH, Pham HB, Duy-Thanh D, Than UTT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen VB, Le DS, Nguyen DT, Kieu KT, Nguyen PT, Vu MD, Tran NT, Nguyen TL, Nghiem LTH, Nguyen TD, Nguyen NTH, and Hoang NM
Abstract: Squid ink melanin nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been demonstrated to have a number of bioactivities; however, their biocompatibility has been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of this NP on stromal cells, including human fibroblasts (hFBs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs), and human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and on the development of zebrafish embryos under normal X-ray irradiation conditions. The NPs showed high biocompatibility with low cytotoxicity, no cell senescence induction, and no effect on cell migration in hFBs or cell differentiation in UCMSCs. Nonetheless, this compound prevented cell movement in UCMSCs and significantly suppressed tube formation in hUVECs at a dose of 25 μg/mL. The NPs successfully penetrated the hUVECs but not the other two stromal cell types. The expression levels of functional genes involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, antioxidant activity, and radiation sensitivity were altered in NPs subjected to hUVECs but were not affected in hFBs and UCMSCs. Melanin NPs significantly rescued cell viability and gene expression in irradiated hFBs and UCMSCs but not in hUVECs. In vivo treatments of zebrafish embryos showed that melanin NPs were nontoxic whether alone or under X-ray irradiation. These findings suggested that nanosized squid ink melanin had biocompatibility with selective stromal cells and was safe for early development., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Published: 2024
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49. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances remyelination by newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes in the cuprizone model of toxic demyelination.

Author: Nguyen PT, Makowiecki K, Lewis TS, Fortune AJ, Clutterbuck M, Reale LA, Taylor BV, Rodger J, Cullen CL, and Young KM
Subjects: Animals, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Cortex pathology, Motor Cortex metabolism, Cell Survival, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Multiple Sclerosis pathology, Cuprizone, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods, Oligodendroglia metabolism, Remyelination, Demyelinating Diseases therapy, Demyelinating Diseases chemically induced, Demyelinating Diseases pathology, Myelin Sheath metabolism
Abstract: In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes (OLs) can contribute to remyelination, however, current therapies are unable to enhance or sustain endogenous repair. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI-rTMS), delivered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), increases the survival and maturation of newborn OLs in the healthy adult mouse cortex, but it is unclear whether LI-rTMS can promote remyelination. To examine this possibility, we fluorescently labelled oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs; Pdgfrα-CreER transgenic mice) or mature OLs (Plp-CreER transgenic mice) in the adult mouse brain and traced the fate of each cell population over time. Daily sessions of iTBS (600 pulses; 120 mT), delivered during cuprizone (CPZ) feeding, did not alter new or pre-existing OL survival but increased the number of myelin internodes elaborated by new OLs in the primary motor cortex (M1). This resulted in each new M1 OL producing ~ 471 µm more myelin. When LI-rTMS was delivered after CPZ withdrawal (during remyelination), it significantly increased the length of the internodes elaborated by new M1 and callosal OLs, increased the number of surviving OLs that supported internodes in the corpus callosum (CC), and increased the proportion of axons that were myelinated. The ability of LI-rTMS to modify cortical neuronal activity and the behaviour of new and surviving OLs, suggests that it may be a suitable adjunct intervention to enhance remyelination in people with MS., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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50. The Relationship of Preterm and Small for Gestational Age with Child Cognition During School-Age Years.

Author: Nguyen PT, Nguyen PH, Tran LM, Khuong LQ, Van Nguyen S, Young MF, DiGirolamo A, and Ramakrishnan U
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Child, Child Development, Vietnam, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Cognition, Infant, Premature
Abstract: Background: Children born preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of poor cognitive outcomes, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs)., Objectives: This study aimed to examine the cognitive and academic deficits during the school-age years in children born preterm or SGA compared with those in children born term adequate for gestational age (AGA) in rural Vietnam., Methods: Children born to women in a preconception micronutrient supplementation trial in Vietnam were classified into 3 groups: preterm AGA (n =138), term SGA (n =169), and term AGA (n = 1134). Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, measuring 4 domains [verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI) scores] and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) at 6-7 and 10-11 y. Academic achievement was assessed with mathematic and language tests. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models were used to analyze differences in cognitive function and academic achievement at 6-7 and 10-11 y by birth phenotypes., Results: Compared with term AGA children, those born SGA had lower cognitive scores at both 6-7 y (VCI, -2.3; PRI, -3.7; PSI -2.1; and FSIQ, -2.9) and 10-11 y (VCI, -3.7; PRI, -3.5; WMI, -2.7; PSI, -1.9; and FSIQ, -3.9). Children born SGA also had poorer academic achievement with lower language (5.3) and mathematic (2.5) scores. Adjustments for maternal factors and home environment attenuated the associations, but the differences in VCI, PRI, FSIQ, and language at 10-11 y remained significant. There were no differences in cognitive function and academic achievement between children born preterm and AGA., Conclusions: Our findings highlight the enduring association of birth phenotype on cognitive functioning and academic achievement during the school years, despite adjustments for maternal education and family environment. Further research is needed to implement effective interventions to improve birth outcomes and optimize child health and development in LMICs. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01665378 (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01665378)., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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