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Panax stipuleanatus Tsai is a type of medicinal plant within north-west Vietnam. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity of naturally distributed populations classified by habitat for this species. Genetic diversity at the species level was moderate (HeT = 0.254; PPBT = 96.02%). Genetic diversity was not equal in two populations. The result showed higher population genetic diversity in the Lao Cai region (HeBX = 0.266; PPBBX = 91.48%) as compared to those located in Lai Chau region (HeHT = 0.235; PPBHT = 84.66%). The interpopulation gene differentiation was small (GSTP = 0.03) with the genetic distance among populations was DP = 0.0103. Gene flow within populations was as high as Nm = 7.36.

Background Bigfin squid is one of the economically important seafood resources in Vietnam's fisheries and the waters around Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands are two major fishing grounds where this species has been actively exploited. The start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) and CAAT box--derived polymorphism (CBDP) techniques were used to generate DNA fingerprinting data to analyze the genetic diversity, variation, and structure of the two populations in the waters surrounding Phu Quoc and Con Dao islands together with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence data. Results Con Dao population possessed a higher diversity [expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.2254, Shannon index (I) = 0.3459, percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) = 80.14%, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0.0336, haplotype diversity (h) = 0.910 with 16 haplotypes] than Phu Quoc population (He = 0.1854, I = 0.2873, PPB = 70.38%, π = 0.0246, h = 0.838 with 14 haplotypes). The genetic diversity at species level in the investigated region was at level of He = 0.2169, I = 0.3399, PPB = 86.41, π = 0.0289, and h = 0.892 with 24 haplotypes. Based on DNA fingerprinting data, the pairwise genetic similarity coefficients among individuals of the Con Dao population were lower (average of 0.7977) than the Phu Quoc population (average of 0.8316). Based on mitochondrial COI data, the pairwise genetic distances among individuals of the Con Dao population were higher (average of 0.0361) than the Phu Quoc population (average of 0.0263). Gene differentiation (GST) between two investigated populations was 0.0316 and 0.0310 leading to the genetic distance was 0.0573 and 0.0213 and the gene flow between them was Nm = 8.2209 and 11.4700 migrants per generation among populations based on DNA fingerprinting and based on COI gene sequence data, respectively. Genetic variation within individuals of both populations (WP) played the key role in total genetic variation at species level in surveyed region. Conclusions For the bigfin reef squid species in the surveyed region, the Con Dao population had the higher genetic diversity than the Phu Quoc population, between them existed a low to moderate genetic differentiation and a genetic exchange via gene flow. The DNA fingerprinting data better revealed the genetic differentiation between the two surveyed populations while the mitochondrial COI gene sequence data could show the phylogenetic relationship among the surveyed individuals and the other from the sea regions in Southeast Asia. Based on the results obtained, fisheries management strategies are suggested toward the conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we investigated in vitro propagation and cultivated Anoectochilus lylei Rolfe ex Downies at ex vitro condition, which is one of the valuable herbal plants and has been proved to be good for human health. The results showed that, MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA gave the best on in vitro shoot regeneration after 60 days of culture, with 5.70 shoots/explant, shoot height of 3.72 cm. MS medium containing 0 – 2 mg/l NAA was found to be the most suitable for in vitro root regeneration after 30 days of culture, root regeneration rate of 100%. Substrate of 90% coconut fiber powder combination with 10% rice husk was the best substrate for acclimatization of the plantlet after 60 days of cultivation, with plant height of 7.00 cm, root length of 4.74 cm, survival rate of 100%. For the cultivation of Anoectochilus lylei, after 120 days of cultivation, the result showed that, the plants which were used with Nitrophoska® Foliar of 2 g/l (plant height of 11.00 cm, root length of 7.60 cm, fresh weight of 1.81 g/plant, survival rate of 100%) were better than Nitrophoska® Foliar of 1 g/l (plant height of 9.80 cm, root length of 6.70 cm, fresh weight of 1.64 g/plant, survival rate of 100%).

It has been demonstrated that the difference of macro-elements concentrations effect various on callus culture in vitro of Panax vietnamensis. The callus growths were the greatest in the medium supplemented with from 0.5 to 1.0- strength KNO3 and CaCl2, and 1.0-strength NH4H2PO4 and MgSO4. Moreover, the strategy of medium replenishment was helpful for cell suspension growth. And the maximum cell suspension growth was achieved with feeding of the 1/4MS at the end of 3rd.

Huyện Đức Trọng có điều kiên tự nhiên và đất đai phù hợp đề phát triển cây dứa cayenne. Các thí nghiệm được tiến hành trên các loại phân bón phosphate chậm tan bao gồm apatit Lào Cai, Gafsa, Ferphos, Roc-3 để duy trì chất lượng đất trồng cây dứa trong ba năm. Phối hợp kali chlorua và amonium sulfate với phân bón phosphate để nhằm đánh giá năng lực của pH, RC, phốt pho, kali và biến đổi nitơ trên đất. Kết quả cho thấy pH và EC giảm dần, tổng số và hàm lượng nitơ hòa tan tăng nhẹ, hàng lượng kali giảm dần hàng năm, hàm lượng photpho được duy trì ổn định trong các thí nghiệm GAF, APA, TSP.

Hạt trà mi hoa vàng (Camellia dilishsinensis) và trà mi hoa đỏ (Camellia priquetiana) 10, 20, 30, 60 và 90 ngày tuổi được khử trùng hai lần bằng dung dịch calcium hypochlorite 5% trong thời gian 10 phút và cấy trên môi trường ½ MS khoáng đa lượng bổ sung 30 g/l đường, 8g/l agar, 1 g/l than hoạt tính và 1 mg/l BA. Sau 30 ngày nuôi cây, hạt trà my 30 ngày tuổi cho tỷ lệ nảy mầm cao nhất. Các chồi này mầm từ hạt được cắt đốt và cấy trên môi trường WPM bổ sung 30 g/l đường, 8 g/l agar, 1 g/l than hoạt tính và tổ hợp chất điều hòa sinh trưởng 2 mg/l BA và 0.2 mg/l NAA. Sau 60 ngày nuôi cây, giống trà mi hoa đỏ cho số chồi cao hơn gấp 4 lần giống trà mi hoa vàng.

Root of Codonopsis javanica Blume is one of the most popular herbal medicines which support immunity and stress resistant. Organic nutrients and cytokinin play an important role during Codonopsis javanica Blume axillary shoot proliferation. In this study, we examined the effects of different types of media, sucrose concentrations, the amount of coconut milk, and BA (6-benzylamino purine) concentration on axillary shoot in vitro. The results indicated that 1/2MS media induced the best form of shoot after 30 days culture. Results also showed that the concentration of sucrose 4% (w/v) positive effect on growth of shoot. Axillary bud break was initiated most efficiently on modified 1/2MS media enriched with 0.5mg/l BA as buds multiplier is 3.70. The medium supplemented with 2mg/l Kinetin helps plants strong with buds multiplier is 3.26. These initial results as a basis for further research on Codonopsis javanica Blume to the supply of raw materials for pharmaceutical industry in short term, high yield, regardless of the nature, and reduce price.