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Breast self-examination (BSE) is a breast examination carried out by the woman herself every month regularly. BSE as a step for early detection of breast cancer is highly recommended for women, especially those aged 40 years and over, because the higher the age, the greater the risk of developing breast cancer. This activity aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes and carry out health promotion about BSE to the pilgrim women of the Baitul Chair Mosque, Teluk Bayur, Padang. 11 women of the society attended this activity. The level of knowledge and attitudes regarding BSE was assessed using a simple questionnaire consisting of five questions regarding knowledge and attitudes, respectively. The survey resulted in no history of breast cancer or family history of breast cancer; as many as 81.8% of mothers had never received information about BSE before. The level of knowledge showed that 63.6% of mothers have good knowledge and a good attitude about BSE, 55.5%. Health behaviour, knowledge and attitudes must be improved, including health promotion. Health promotion as one of the driving factors can increase the knowledge and attitudes that will manifest in BSE actions for early detection of breast cancer.

Latar Belakang: Timbal adalah logam berat beracun yang mudah ditemui di lingkungan. Timbal menyebabkan stres oksidatif pada berbagai jaringan dan organ tubuh, termasuk kelenjar tiroid. Kerusakan akibat stres oksidatif akan dikompensasi oleh tubuh dengan antioksidan, salah satunya adalah yodium. Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian larutan yodium terhadap gambaran histopatologi kelenjar tiroid tikus yang diinduksi dengan timbal asetat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 18 ekor tikus rattus norvegicus yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberi pakan standar, kontrol positif yang diberi pakan standar dan timbal asetat 100mg/L, serta kelompok perlakuan yang diberi pakar standar, timbal asetat 100mg/L, dan larutan yodium 12,5mg selama 19 hari. Pada hari ke 20 tikus dimatikan dan dilakukan pengambilan organ tiroid untuk dibuatkan preparat dengan pulasan hematoxylin eosin. Preparat dibaca menggunakan mikroskop, dilihat kerusakannya, dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan pada kelompok kontrol negatif sel-sel terlihat normal, pada kontrol positif sel mengalami kerusakan disertai infiltrasi sel radang, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan terjadi penurunan jumlah kerusakan dan sel radang secara signifikan. Pada hasil analisis data didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna tiap kelompok penelitian dengan nilai p

Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 telah merubah cara pembelajaran di semua perguruan tinggi, termasuk pendidikan kedokteran, yakni dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran motivasi belajar mahasiswa tahap sarjana di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas selama pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling, didapatkan sampel sebanyak 309 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa angkatan 2017, 2018, dan 2019. Motivasi belajar diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Hasil pengukuran disajikan dengan skala kategorik, yaitu motivasi tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil: Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa 79% mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tinggi dan tidak ditemukan mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar rendah. Angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar tertinggi pada saat pandemi, yaitu sebesar 88,9% diantara angkatan mahasiswa aktif lainnya. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Andalas memiliki tingkat motivasi belajar sedang dan tinggi selama pandemi COVID-19, serta mahasiswa angkatan 2019 memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi terbesar, yakni sebesar 88,9%.

Inflammatory cytokines have a role in triggering cell signals in colorectal cancer. They increase signaling pathways into cells via the Janus kinase pathway (JAK) - signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) -suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCs) JAK-STAT. SOCs2 protein is a cytoplasmic protein that can inhibit activation of JAK-STAT pathway so that it prevents cascade of signals into the nucleus. This protein is thought to have decreased in adenocarcinoma colorectal. Objectives: To reveal the expression of SOCs2 protein in 37 paraffin block samples in Anatomy Pathology Department Medical Faculty Andalas University. Methods: Data were taken from medical records and histopathology was assessed by HE. SOCs2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using SOCs2 polyclonal antibody (bs-1896R). Cytoplasmic expression was counted using Image J software. Results: The average of age was 56.57 years, 21 samples (55.8%) were male, depth of invasion was mostly in the tunica muscularis (T3), and 7 cases of malignancy (18.9%) were poorly differentiated. SOCs2 expression was 5 cases (13.5%). Conclusion: There was SOCs2 expression in a small proportion of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Keywords: SOCs2 protein, cytoplasmic inhibitor, JAK-STAT, cell signaling

Background. Brain edema is swelling in the brain due to excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. This condition is triggered by a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to heart damage or isoproterenol administraion. A decrease in CBF results in brain edema which triggers damage to neuron cells. This study uses isoproterenol to induce brain edema. This damage is prevented by giving ramipril with the aim of improving cardiac and brain perfusion. Objective. To see the effect of giving ramipril to the microscopic assessment of mouses brain neuron cells with brain edema which was induced by isoproterenol. Methods. This research is an experimental study which was used 21 experimental animals which were divided into 3 groups (K-, K +, and P). The treatment group (P) was given ramipril at a dose of 3 mg/KgBW for 7 days. On the 8th and 9th day K+ and P groups were injected by isoproterenol 85 mg/KgBW to induce brain edema through AMI. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U Test (MWUT). Results. The average number of neuron cell damage in the K -, K +, and P group, respectively, 6.2, 26.3 and 17.33. Significant differences were obtained for each group with a value of p = 0.001 (p

Indonesia is facing increased consumption of calorie-dense foods, such as fast food, among its society. Changes in diet and physical activities towards unhealthy ones can result in an imbalanced lifestyle, leading to various consequences, including hyperlipidemia. Pregnant women experience significant increases in plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Excessive cholesterol levels in pregnant women will result in the formation of fat in the liver. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high-fat diet to pregnant Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the histopathological features of the liver. A true experimental with post test only control group design was applied in this study, which was conducted from August 2020 to November 2021. Fourteen (14) pregnant female rats were divided into two groups. The first group of rats was fed with a high-fat diet, while the second group, which was the control group, was given a standard diet. The high-fat diet used was 3 mL/rat/day beef brain. After the rats delivered their litters, the rats’ livers were retrieved, then examined histopathologically under a microscope. This research was conducted from No fatty liver was identified in the control group or the treatment group. Hence, a high-fat diet does not affect the liver histopathological features in pregnant Wistar rats.

Background. Brain edema is excessive accumulation of fluid in the intracranial or extracellular space of the brain. It can be caused by head trauma, brain tumors, hypoxia, metabolic disorders, or acute hypertension. Acute myocardial infraction is damage to the myocard that occurs due to lack oxygen. When acute myocardial infarction occurs, there will be disruption of blood flow in the form of stasis which allows emboli and decreased Cardiac Output which will cause a decrease in Cerebral Blood Flow. There will be a state of ischemia and hypoxia so that the hemostatic mechanism is disturbed which will trigger brain edema. Objective. This research was conducted to see the effect of giving ramipril to histopathological of the brain of wistar rat with brain edema. Methods. This research is an experimental study. We used 32 animals which were divided into 4 groups (K-, K +, P1, and P2). P1 was given 3 mg/kgBW ramipril for 7 consecutive days. P2 was given 4 mg/kgBW ramipril for 7 consecutive days. On days 8 and 9, P1, P2, and K+ induced isoproterenol 85 mg/kgBW for 2 consecutive days to induce brain edema through the mechanism of acute myocardial infarction. Data analysis was performed using One Way Anova test and Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Results. The mean area of ​​brain edema in the K-, K +, P1, and P2 groups respectively were 20.76%, 34.69%, 22.70%, and 21.90%. Conclusion. There was a significant effect of giving ramipril to histopathological of the brain of wistar rat with brain edema

Kadar kolesterol berlebihan dalam tubuh akan mengakibatkan penumpukan lemak di hepar. Salah satu alternatif obat tradisional yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol adalah tanaman seledri. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa fraksi air herba seledri dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada keadaan hiperkolesterol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pemberian jus seledri terhadap gambaran mikroskopis hepar yang diinduksi diet hiperkolesterol pada tikus percobaan. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan desain post test control group. Sampel berjumlah 25 ekor tikus yang terdiri atas 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, perlakuan 1, perlakuan 2 dan perlakuan 3. Masing-masing perlakuan diberikan diet hiperkolesterol yang dibuat dari minyak babi sebanyak 2 gram dan kuning telur puyuh rebus 1 gram selama 14 hari. Selanjutnya diberikan jus seledri dengan dosis masing-masing kelompok perlakuan yaitu 0,72ml/200gBB; 1,44ml/200gBB; dan 2,16ml/200gBB yang diberikan dua kali sehari selama 14 hari berikutnya. Histopatologi hepar tikus diamati dengan menghitung jumlah sel yang mengalami perlemakan. Analisis data menggunakan uji one way Anova terhadap semua kelompok. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan terjadi perubahan jumlah sel berlemak yang bermakna secara statistik antara kelompok kontrol dengan ketiga kelompok perlakuan dengan nilai p

Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis atau penyakit kecacingan adalah istilah yang merujuk kepada sekelompok penyakit akibat infeksi cacing Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH). Manusia dapat terinfeksi apabila tertelan telur STH yang infektif. Jalur masuk telur STH salah satunya melalui sayur selada (Lactuca sativa) yang dimakan mentah. Sayur selada (Lactuca sativa) ditanam pada tanah yang lembab, gembur dan diberi pupuk kandang bahkan disiram dengan air septic tank dan air limbah ternak agar dapat tumbuh optimal. Proses ini memungkinkkan kontaminasi telur STH pada sayuran selada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi telur STH pada sayuran selada (Lactuca sativa) yang dijual oleh pedagang makanan di sepanjang Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif dengan teknik pemeriksaan sedimentasi. Sampel diambil dari seluruh pedagang makanan yang menjual selada di sepanjang Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Kota Padang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengambilan selama tiga minggu. Hasil pemeriksaan sampel selada dinyatakan positif sebanyak 38, 1%, dengan kontaminasi terbanyak disebabkan oleh telur Ascaris sp 34, 1% lalu telur Trichuris sp dan cacing tambang masing-masing 1,58 %. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat kontaminasi telur STH pada sayuran selada yang dijual oleh pedagang makanan di sepanjang Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Kota Padang.

Kadar albumin serum yang rendah pada penderita stroke iskemik akut dikaitkan dengan perburukan status fungsional, yang mungkin akan mempengaruhi lama rawatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara albumin dan lama rawatan pada pasien stroke iskemik akut. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional menggunakan disain potong lintang (cross sectional). Subjek penelitian adalah pasien stroke iskemik akut yang dirawat di bangsal penyakit saraf RS. DR. M. Djamil Padang selama bulan Maret sampai September 2015 dengan onset kurang dari 24 jam yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kadar albumin serum diukur dalam 24 jam pertama rawatan. Kadar albumin serum, derajat stroke, komplikasi dan faktor risiko merupakan variabel yang akan dianalisis dan lama rawatan. Hubungan antar variabel diuji dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil dianggap bermakna secara statistik apabila nilai p

Kanker kolorektal merupakan keganasan pada kolon dan rektum, penyebab morbiditas danmortalitas ketiga terbanyak diantara keganasan lainnya. Penelitian ekspresi HER2 pada kankerkolorektal memiliki rentang yang cukup jauh yaitu 0-83% dan belum pernah dipublikasi dilndonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai ekspresi HER2 pada kanker kolorektal. Studicross-secfiona/ dilakukan terhadap 51 sediaan blok parafin kanker kolorektal rentang tahunJanuari 2011-Desember 2012 di Departemen Patologi Anatorni RS Cipto MangunkusumoJakarta. Penilaian karakteristik sampel diambil dari rekam medis dan penilaian histopatologidari sediaan HE pasien kanker kolorektal. Pulasan imunohistokimia HER2 menggunakanantibodipoliklonalantiHER2(DAKO). Rata-rata usia penderita adalah 57.8t13.54tahun,58.8%penderita adalah laki-laki dan 41.2o/o perempuan. Semua sediaan adalah adenokarsinomakolorektal. Ekspresi HER2 positif ditemukan sebanyak 5(9.8%) kasus.AbstractColorectal cancer is a neoplasia of colon and rectum ,and also the 3rd leading cause ofmorbidity and mortality among men and women in the world. HER2 expression has controversialresults ranging from 0-83% and never been pubiished in lndonesia. This research aims tostudy HER2 expression in colorectal cancer. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 51 casesof colorectal cancer from January 2011 until December 2012 in Pathology Department ofCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Patient characteristic was reviewed from medical record andhistopathologic was evaluated from HE slides. lmunohistochemistry staining used anti HER2polyclonal antibody frorn DAKO. Mean age was 57.8113.54 years, 58.8% were males and41.2o4 were females. Positive HER2 was 5 cases (9.8%).

Objectives: Limited data exist about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the training and clinical practice of young doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on paediatric gastroenterologists in training posts during the first wave of the European COVID pandemic., Methods: All Young members of European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) (YE) members received a multiple-choice questionnaire concerning the impact (if any) on their clinical practice, mental health, quality of care provided and fellowship/training experience. The survey was conducted between May 22, 2020 and June 10, 2020., Results: Of the 144 responders (40% of YE members), 85% (n = 123) reported an impact of COVID-19. Ninety-six percent reported an impact on their clinical practice, including more virtual patient consultation (n = 91), underutilization of ambulatory care (n = 113) and reduced or lack of planned admissions (n = 75). Endoscopy restrictions to semi-urgent or emergency cases were reported in 82 and lack of medical equipment/drugs (n = 47) were also reported.Reported adverse mental health issues included poor concentration, increased stress levels, an impact on family life in 62% and a reduced quality of care in 45%; this was more often reported in doctors from Southern Europe (54%) than in those from other geographical areas.Seventy-seven percent reported an impact on the content of their fellowship, including lack of participation in national/international meetings, withdrawn research time and limited mentoring., Conclusions: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to affect the clinical practice, training and mental health of YE members. Adaptations of training programmes and targeted strategies to improve the clinical practice of young practitioners are needed and proposed in this manuscript., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.)

Trichobezoars are masses of ingested hair, usually the individual's own hair, that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach. When extending into the small intestine, this is termed "Rapunzel syndrome." Removal has traditionally been by laparotomy; however, successful endoscopic removal has also been described. We report the case of a 9-year-old-girl with undiagnosed coeliac disease and Rapunzel syndrome who underwent endoscopic removal of a large trichobezoar, which was followed by unexpected multiple perforations of the small bowel and stomach. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) and snare electrocautery were employed during endoscopy to remove the trichobezoar piecemeal, and approximately 70% was removed without any clear signs of damage to the mucosa. It was discovered subsequently that about 20 of her dolls were found without hair. On investigating the composition of a specific doll hair from the manufacturer, it was discovered that it could be hazardous if burned. It was, therefore, hypothesized that a constellation of factors had conspired to lead to perforation, that is, the potentially hazardous gas produced from the electrical energy applied to the synthetic hair and possible mucosal damage by the physical abrasion of this hair. A review of the literature on endoscopic attempts to remove trichobezoars irrespective of the result reveals a success rate of 30.7%.

Aim: To evaluate how correct is made the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children, comparing the adults scoring systems - the 1999 revised scoring system by International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group and the 2007 Simplified Scoring System. The inaccuracies in diagnosis have been analysed., Methods: The two scoring systems have been applied for 28 children with AIH pre-treatment and 28 with Hepatitis B infection - matched by sex and age, all diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 in an emergency children's hospital in Bucharest, Romania. They were retrospectively followed throughout the period assessed., Results: Autoimmune hepatitis was present in 85.7% cases according to the 1999 revised score, respectively, 57.0% as per the 2007 simplified score. The 2007 simplified score led to false negative results when AIH was associated with another autoimmune disease (p = 0.009). Patients who did not undergo liver biopsy were associated with a downgraded diagnosis by the 2007 simplified score (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: There is a need for a scoring system tailored to children's characteristics. Two compulsory components of the future score might be liver biopsy and associated autoimmune disorders. The existing scores could be used in children with consideration, preferably both at once and together with liver biopsy for increased accuracy., (©2019 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)