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1. Efficient wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaics with homogeneous halogen-phase distribution

Author

Rui Wang, Xiaoyu Liu, Shan Yan, Ni Meng, Xinmin Zhao, Yu Chen, Hongxiang Li, Saif M. H. Qaid, Shaopeng Yang, Mingjian Yuan, and Tingwei He

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are employed as top cells of tandem cells to break through the theoretical limits of single-junction photovoltaic devices. However, WBG PSCs exhibit severe open-circuit voltage (V oc) loss with increasing bromine content. Herein, inhomogeneous halogen-phase distribution is pointed out to be the reason, which hinders efficient extraction of carriers. We thus propose to form homogeneous halogen-phase distribution to address the issue. With the help of density functional theory, we construct a double-layer structure (D-2P) based on 2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid molecules to provide nucleation sites for perovskite crystallization. Homogeneous perovskite phase is achieved through bottom-up templated crystallization of halogen component. The efficient carrier extraction reduces the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, resulting in a high V oc of 1.32 V. As a result, D-2P-treated device (1.75 eV) achieves a record power conversion efficiency of 20.80% (certified 20.70%), which is the highest value reported for WBG (more than 1.74 eV) PSCs.

Published
2024
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2. Issues of the international image of Russia in the modern world

Author

A. Yermekbayev, D. Akimbek, and Ni Meng

Subjects
International relations, JZ2-6530, Comparative law. International uniform law, K520-5582
Abstract

The image of the country and its perception in the world is one of the most important directions in the politics of modern states. Modern Russia is a country with a controversial image, and today serious debates are raging around this issue in the scientific community. In this article, we will consider issues related to the perception of the image of Russia in the post-bipolar period. Russia, which has a rich history and geopolitical ambitions, is perceived ambiguously today, for some it is an aggressor country, a patron of undemocratic regimes, and for others it is a state that can challenge the hegemony of the United States. The modern image of the country is based on the basis that the Soviet Union formed. As Joseph Nye once noted, the image was associated with victory in World War II, space exploration, and achievements in sports. Modern attacks on Russia are connected with these issues, an active campaign is being conducted to reassess the results of the Second World War, monuments to Soviet soldiers are being demolished in Eastern Europe, their graves are being desecrated, Russia is being accused of using doping in sports, and the anthem was banned at the Olympic Games. Key words: Russia, Soft power, image, perception, propaganda, Crimea, Putin, regime.

Published
2021

3. A novel control strategy to neutralize heat source within solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) under variable solar power conditions

Author

Liang, Zhaojian, Chen, Shanlin, Ni, Meng, Wang, Jingyi, and Li, Mengying

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The integration of a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) with a photovoltaic (PV) system presents a viable method for storing variable solar energy through the production of green hydrogen. To ensure the SOEC's safety and longevity amidst dramatic fluctuations in solar power, control strategies are needed to limit the temperature gradients and rates of temperature change within the SOEC. Recognizing that the reactant supply influences the current, a novel control strategy is developed to modulate heat generation in the SOEC by adjusting the fuel flow rate. The effectiveness of this strategy is assessed through numerical simulations conducted on a coupled PV-SOEC system using actual solar irradiance data, recorded at two-second intervals, to account for rapid changes in solar exposure. The results indicate that conventional control strategies, which increase airflow rates, are inadequate in effectively suppressing the rate of temperature variation in scenarios of drastic solar power changes. In contrast, our proposed strategy demonstrates successful management of the SOEC's heat generation, thereby reducing the temperature gradient and rate of variation within the SOEC to below 5 K/cm and 1 K/min, respectively.

Published
2023
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46. Continuum scale modelling and complementary experimentation of solid oxide cells

Author

Beale, Steven B, Andersson, Martin, Boigues-Muñoz, Carlos, Frandsen, Henrik L, Lin, Zijing, McPhail, Stephen J, Ni, Meng, Sundén, Bengt, Weber, André, and Weber, Adam Z

Subjects
Bioengineering, Affordable and Clean Energy, Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering, Energy
Abstract

Solid oxide cells are an exciting technology for energy conversion. Fuel cells, based on solid oxide technology, convert hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels into electrical energy, with potential applications in stationary power generation. Conversely, solid oxide electrolysers convert electricity into chemical energy, thereby offering the potential to store energy from transient resources, such as wind turbines and other renewable technologies. For solid oxide cells to displace conventional energy conversion devices in the marketplace, reliability must be improved, product lifecycles extended, and unit costs reduced. Mathematical models can provide qualitative and quantitative insight into physical phenomena and performance, over a range of length and time scales. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a summary of the state-of-the art of solid oxide cell models. These range from: simple methods based on lumped parameters with little or no kinetics to detailed, time-dependent, three-dimensional solutions for electric field potentials, complex chemical kinetics and fully-comprehensive equations of motion based on effective transport properties. Many mathematical models have, in the past, been based on inaccurate property values obtained from the literature, as well as over-simplistic schemes to compute effective values. It is important to be aware of the underlying experimental methods available to parameterise mathematical models, as well as validate results. In this article, state-of-the-art techniques for measuring kinetic, electric and transport properties are also described. Methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy allow for fundamental physicochemical parameters to be obtained. In addition, effective properties may be obtained using micro-scale computer simulations based on digital reconstruction obtained from X-ray tomography/focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy, as well as percolation theory. The cornerstone of model validation, namely the polarisation or current-voltage diagram, provides necessary, but insufficient information to substantiate the reliability of detailed model calculations. The results of physical experiments which precisely mimic the details of model conditions are scarce, and it is fair to say there is a gap between the two activities. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the current state-of-the art of solid oxide analysis techniques, in a tutorial fashion, not only numerical and but also experimental, and to emphasise the cross-linkages between techniques.

Published
2021

47. Biallelic variants in HPDL cause pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Author

Wiessner, Manuela, Maroofian, Reza, Ni, Meng-Yuan, Pedroni, Andrea, Müller, Juliane S, Stucka, Rolf, Beetz, Christian, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Santorelli, Filippo M, Alfares, Ahmed A, Zhu, Changlian, Uhrova Meszarosova, Anna, Alehabib, Elham, Bakhtiari, Somayeh, Janecke, Andreas R, Otero, Maria Gabriela, Chen, Jin Yun Helen, Peterson, James T, Strom, Tim M, De Jonghe, Peter, Deconinck, Tine, De Ridder, Willem, De Winter, Jonathan, Pasquariello, Rossella, Ricca, Ivana, Alfadhel, Majid, van de Warrenburg, Bart P, Portier, Ruben, Bergmann, Carsten, Ghasemi Firouzabadi, Saghar, Jin, Sheng Chih, Bilguvar, Kaya, Hamed, Sherifa, Abdelhameed, Mohammed, Haridy, Nourelhoda A, Maqbool, Shazia, Rahman, Fatima, Anwar, Najwa, Carmichael, Jenny, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Wood, Nick W, Tran Mau-Them, Frederic, Haack, Tobias, Di Rocco, Maja, Ceccherini, Isabella, Iacomino, Michele, Zara, Federico, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Rusmini, Marta, Xu, Yiran, Wang, Yinghong, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Koh, Kishin, Nan, Haitian, Ishiura, Hiroyuki, Tsuji, Shoji, Lambert, Laëtitia, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Lacaze, Elodie, Küpper, Hanna, Dredge, David, Skraban, Cara, Goldstein, Amy, Willis, Mary JH, Grand, Katheryn, Graham, John M, Lewis, Richard A, Millan, Francisca, Duman, Özgür, Dündar, Nihal, Uyanik, Gökhan, Schöls, Ludger, Nürnberg, Peter, Nürnberg, Gudrun, Catala Bordes, Andrea, Seeman, Pavel, Kuchar, Martin, Darvish, Hossein, Rebelo, Adriana, Bouçanova, Filipa, Medard, Jean-Jacques, Chrast, Roman, Auer-Grumbach, Michaela, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Shamseldin, Hanan, Al Tala, Saeed, Rezazadeh Varaghchi, Jamileh, Najafi, Maryam, Deschner, Selina, Gläser, Dieter, Hüttel, Wolfgang, Kruer, Michael C, Kamsteeg, Erik-Jan, Takiyama, Yoshihisa, Züchner, Stephan, Baets, Jonathan, Synofzik, Matthis, Schüle, Rebecca, and Horvath, Rita

Subjects
Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Genetics, Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mutation, Oxygenases, Pedigree, Rats, Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary, Zebrafish, hereditary spastic paraplegia, HSP, autosomal recessive, mitochondrial disorder, HPDL, Genomics England Research Consortium, PREPARE network, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL) is a putative iron-containing non-heme oxygenase of unknown specificity and biological significance. We report 25 families containing 34 individuals with neurological disease associated with biallelic HPDL variants. Phenotypes ranged from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spasticity and global developmental delays, sometimes complicated by episodes of neurological and respiratory decompensation. Variants included bona fide pathogenic truncating changes, although most were missense substitutions. Functionality of variants could not be determined directly as the enzymatic specificity of HPDL is unknown; however, when HPDL missense substitutions were introduced into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, an HPDL orthologue), they impaired the ability of HPPD to convert 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. Moreover, three additional sets of experiments provided evidence for a role of HPDL in the nervous system and further supported its link to neurological disease: (i) HPDL was expressed in the nervous system and expression increased during neural differentiation; (ii) knockdown of zebrafish hpdl led to abnormal motor behaviour, replicating aspects of the human disease; and (iii) HPDL localized to mitochondria, consistent with mitochondrial disease that is often associated with neurological manifestations. Our findings suggest that biallelic HPDL variants cause a syndrome varying from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spastic tetraplegia associated with global developmental delays.

Published
2021

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