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Despite the availability of studies on e-learning management system (eLMS) using information system models, its theoretical foundations have not yet captured social constructs that are peculiar to developing countries including Nigeria. This study was undertaken with the aim of investigating factors that could influence eLMS adoption in higher education. Drawing upon the Social Learning Theory (SLT), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and two other variables which are Technology Culturation and Power (electricity), an empirical based model was developed to identify predictors of eLMS. The study used Smart Partial LeastSquare-Structured Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the pattern of inter-correlation among the SLT and UTAUT constructs. The survey method of research was used by administering questionnaires to undergraduate students of 3 selected private universities in Ogun state, Nigeria with a sample size of 472. The results show that Attitude, Social Influence and Technology Culturation are strong determining factors of intention to adopt eLMS, while Performance Expectancy and Power do not significantly influence the Behavioural Intention to adopt eLMS. More so, Performance Expectancy and Behavioural Intention have positive influence on student grades. The results of this study will provide theoretical information on the intention to adopt eLMS and should be of interest to both researchers and education administrators in terms of planning and decision making.

The mortality rate of infants under the age of five is still relatively high in many sub-Sahara African countries like Nigeria. Immunization remains the most crucial and cost-effective public health intervention scheme for protecting children in this region from vaccine-preventable diseases. Immunization, however, is only effective if the nursing mothers keep strict appointment schedules. To this effect, information technology can be leveraged to help in this regard. This paper thus implements a web-based immunization schedule reminder for postnatal service delivery. In order to realize the system, a component-based development approach was used to extend an existing electronic medical record to include the immunization schedule reminder. The resulting system is able to reduce child mortality by reducing the rate of missed appointment schedules. Keywords and phrases: immunization, child mortality, schedule reminder, postnatal service delivery.

The paper is geared towards implementing a type of block predictor-corrector mode capable of integratinggeneral second order ordinary differential equations using variable step size. This technique will be carried out on nonstiff problems. The mode which emanated from Milne’s estimate has many computation advantages such as changing and designing a suitable step size, correcting to convergence, error control/minimization with better accuracy compare to other methods with fixed step size. Moreover, the approach will adopt the estimates of the principal local truncation error on a pair of explicit (predictor) and implicit (corrector) Adams family which are implemented in P(CE) m mode. Numerical examples are given to examine the efficiency of the method and compared with subsisting methods.

This study examined the effects of economic inequality on the academic achievement of the African-American males. African-American males are disproportionately poor, many living below the poverty line. The neighborhoods African-American males live in have few resources for learning which fosters low academic achievement. Predictions were made that African- American males in poor families will have lower academic achievement than white males and that African-American males who live in impoverished neighborhood environments attend blighted schools which affect their academic achievement. Regression analyses yielded results showing poverty as statistically significant; however poverty alone was not the only predictor on the outcome of academic achievement. The research findings of this study evoke the need for further research into the decline of academic achievement among African-American males. Policy recommendations for the alleviation of the problem circumscribe the problem of school finance at the local, state, and federal level.

The increasing technological advancement and usage of Internet has continued to evolve the emergence of proficient health care delivery systems across the globe. Consequently, the concern of data security of patient’s information remains foremost in health management system. It is an undisputable fact that the way record of patient is organized influences how a patient will be taking care of. Patient records that are misrepresented or not well stored have a negative consequence of erroneous prescription. Biometrics authentication as used in security and privacy of health care system is evolving due to advances in technology. This study focused on how to preserve patient records with biometrics identification in health management systems. The main functionalities of the design and implementation of the system were achieved with Unified Modeling Language and Visual Basic.Net. The client application provides access to patient records implemented with Microsoft Access. A dual authentication technique using pin and biometrics was utilized for the purpose of securing the system.

Policing system in Nigeria, a country of about 160 million people is in a state of degradation, criminal offences such as theft, bribery, armed robbery, assassinations and corruption are highly enormous. At the centre of this transformation is the electronic policing (E-policing) system, which is an emerging Internet technology. E-policing practiced by many law enforcement organizations around the globe to improve law enforcement services provided to the community. The use of Internet technology and electronic-based systems seeks an infrastructure with initial costs that are high and fast application development. This paper is focused on designing and developing an E-policing system to track and control crime rate in Nigeria, and also presents a framework based on technology towards alleviating barriers of manual policing and provisions of how cloud computing principles and Internet technology could be adapted to Nigeria Police Force (NPF) present and future expectations.

An Electronic Medical Record System is an electronic record management tool that helps to manage the flow of patient files within a hospital, as well as improving the efficiency of the patient lifecycle and optimization of the record retrieval process. There seems to be a relationship between delayed access to a healthcare service and mortality rate. The problem of managing patient time, quick access to records, patient workflow coordination, ineffective retrieval of records, and depleting storage spaces for already digitized files are some of the issues this work seeks to address. This project is implemented in two parts. The first part deals with the design and implementation of an automated records system. The second part deals with the utilization of better storage capabilities, more flexible scalability, and access to gold standard security for the application, talking about cloud technology. The implementation requirement includes the use of client-side tools and server-side scripting languages, as well as a hosting platform. The client-side tools include HTML, CSS, Javascript, and jquery. PHP was used as the server-side scripting while MySQL served as the database. The application is hosted on Heroku Cloud Platform. The proposed system addresses the aforementioned problems.

Crime and criminal activities have impacted negatively on the socioeconomic development of Nigeria over the years. As a result, life and property of citizens are threatened continually. Putting in place a secured and fear-free environment is thus a critical role of any government. In recent times, Information and Communication Technologies are being leveraged to overcome this challenge. In particular, the advent of Internet of things shows great potential in this regard. Therefore, this study proposes a framework of Internet of things and Big Data technologies to track and monitor crime and criminalities real-time online in order to reduce crime rate in Nigeria. A prototype of the framework is also developed.

Access to standard and economical health care delivery, availability of significant health information are viewed as some of the most functional public health interventions in present-day history. Despite that, current information obtained from the WHO regarding Nigeria’s health condition shows that the average existence expectancy is at 54 years and maternal mortality at 608 per 100,000 live births as a result of poor health care services. Several aspects of health informatics have been applied to solve these challenges such as the transformation of records from manual to electronic. Among these are the telemedicine and socialized healthcare, which have been barely adopted in developing nations. This work thus proposes an architectural framework for a cloud-supported socialized healthcare system. In order to achieve this; a web-based application software was designed and implemented through the use of cloud computing technology platforms and server side scripting tools. This study proves that socialized healthcare will really go a long way in defeating barriers of viable human access and delivery., peer-reviewed

Newborns are fragile and have a high risk of dying within the first 28 days of their life, therefore they require quality care from conception. This research aims at implementing a mobile pediatric diagnostic system for the rural settlers in Nigeria, reducing childhood mortality and providing an alternative pediatric professional. 581 records classified with naive Bayes and decision-stump-tree classifier gave a higher accuracy level for naive Bayes. A decision-support system is developed to aid health workers in rural areas in providing quality health service for children below six, which will provide low-cost medical service and contribute to reducing childhood mortality.

Cloud computing is a broad paradigm that has influence across major fields of human endeavour. The unique services it offers makes organisations curious about understanding the cloud and its likely benefits. The cloud offers services such as custom built applications deployed on remote systems and ready to use platforms which reduce the efforts needed to develop and deploy applications for cloud users. In addition to these, there are other services such as storage and infrastructural resources which the cloud also avails to its users. These services are usually provided to users on a pay-per-use bases, thus necessitating the need to have documented agreements in place to ensure a smooth relationship between the providers and the users. These documented agreements are referred to as Service Level Agreements (SLAs). SLAs detail the terms, conditions and service expectation of the users from their service provider in terms of availability, redundancy, uptime, cost and penalties for violations. These ensures users' confidence in the services being offered. In this paper, the state of the art with respect to cloud SLAs is presented. The paper seeks to answer questions related of what the current trends and developments in terms of cloud SLA are and it does so by means of a review of existing literature available. This paper therefore is a survey of cloud SLAs, their issues and developmental challenges. It provides a guide for future research and is expected to benefit prospective cloud users and cloud providers alike.

The challenges faced by networks nowadays can be solved to a great extent by the application of accurate network traffic classification. Internet network traffic classification is responsible for associating network traffic with the application generating them and helps in the area of network monitoring, Quality of Service management, among other. Traditional methods of traffic classification including port-based, payload-load based, host-based, behavior-based exhibit a number of limitations that range from high computational cost to inability to access encrypted packets for the purpose of classification. Machine learning techniques based on statistical properties are now being employed to overcome the limitations of existing techniques. However, the high number of features of flows that serve as input to the learning machine poses a great challenge that requires the application of a pre-processing stage known as feature selection. Too many irrelevant and redundant features affect predictive accuracy and performance of the learning machine. This work analyses experimentally, the effect of a collection of ranking-basedfilter feature selection methods on a multi-class dataset for traffic classification. In the first stage, the proposed Top-N criterionis applied to the feature sets obtained, while in the second stage we generate for each Top-N set of features a new dataset which is applied as input to a set of four machine learning algorithms (classifiers).Experimental results show the viability of our model as a tool for selecting the optimal subset of features which when applied, lead to improvement of accuracy and performance of the traffic classification process.

Cloud computing is a composite paradigm that provides crucial services to individuals and organisations over networked infrastructure at a cost. The Cloud provides custom built applications, made available by a CSP to customers. Several customers can access an instance of one application. The Cloud also affords an avenue for customers to build their own application in a language compatible with a CSP and subsequently deploy that application on the Cloud. In addition, massive scalable storage and computing devices are available on the Cloud. A customers expects optimum services whenever and wherever it is required. Hence, system failure on the part of a CSP must not affect the services being provided to the customer. This paper examines present trends in the area of Cloud ownership reliability and provides a guide for future research. The paper aims to answer the following question: what is the current trend and development in Cloud ownership reliability? In addition, analysis was done on existing work published in journals, conferences, white papers and those published in reputable magazines, to answer the question raised. The expected result is the identification of trends in Cloud ownership and reliability which will be of benefit to prospective Cloud users and service providers alike.

Open source products/projects targeting the same or similar applications are common nowadays. This makes choosing a tricky task. Quality is one factor that can be considered when choosing among similar open source solutions. In order to measure quality in software, quality models can be used. Open source quality models emerged due to the inability of traditional quality models to measure unique features (such as community) of open source software. The aim of the paper therefore is to examine the characteristic features, unique strengths, and limitations of existing open source quality models. In addition, we compare the models based on some selected attributes.

To achieve global competitiveness, governments in developing countries are evolving and implementing information technology policies, to enable their countries participate in the current ICT revolution. One barrier to attaining the education objectives of the policies is inadequate national ICT infrastructure and services. The inadequacy of ICT infrastructure and services is attributed to inadequate government funding, which in turn becomes difficult for education institutions to own and use sophisticated ICT facilities. In spite of inadequate funding, the gap can be reduced if education institutions in developing countries have access to ICT infrastructures available in developed countries. A technology platform that makes this possible is cloud computing. The design for national cloud computing model is proposed in this paper. This model is envisioned as a good strategy for achieving the education-related objectives of the Nigeria's national IT policy. By this model, the government would be responsible for providing high-end computing infrastructure and e- education services to educational institutions in the country. This model will provide affordable access to technologies for e-education, enabling more collaboration, and better education outcomes in developing countries.

In an emergency, a prompt response can save the lives of victims. This statement generates an imperative issue in emergency medical services (EMS). Designing a system that brings simplicity in locating emergency scenes is a step towards improving response time. This paper therefore implemented and evaluated the performance of an SMS-based emergency geolocation notification system with emphasis on its SMS delivery time and the system’s geolocation and dispatch time. Using the RAS metrics recommended by IEEE for evaluation, the designed system was found to be efficient and effective as its reliability stood within 62.7% to 70.0% while its availability stood at 99% with a downtime of 3.65 days/year.

SummaryBackground: E-Health has attracted growing interests globally. The relative lack of facilities, skills, funds and information on existing e-Health initiatives has affected progress on e-Health in Africa.Objectives: To review publicly available literature on e-Health in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) towards providing information on existing and ongoing e-Health initiatives in the region.Methods: Searches of relevant literature were conducted on Medline, EMBASE and Global Health, with search dates set from 1990 to 2016. We included studies on e-Health initiatives (prototypes, designs, or completed projects) targeting population groups in sSA.Results: Our search returned 2322 hits, with 26 studies retained. Included studies were conducted in 14 countries across the four sub-regions in sSA (Central, East, South and West) and spreading over a 12-year period, 2002-2014. Six types of e-Health interventions were reported, with 17 studies (65%) based on telemedicine, followed by mHealth with 5 studies (19%). Other e-Health types include expert system, electronic medical records, e-mails, and online health module. Specific medical specialties covered include dermatology (19%), pathology (12%) and radiology (8%). Successes were ‘widely reported’ (representing 50% overall acceptance or positive feedbacks in a study) in 10 studies (38%). The prominent challenges reported were technical problems, poor internet and connectivity, participants’ selection biases, contextual issues, and lack of funds.Conclusion: E-Health is evolving in sSA, but with poorly published evidence. While we call for more quality research in the region, it is also important that population-wide policies and on-going e-Health initiatives are contex- tually feasible, acceptable, and sustainable.

To estimate the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths for all road users and among different road user groups in Africa.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, websites of African road safety agencies and organizations for registry- and population-based studies and reports on road traffic injury and death estimates in Africa, published between 1980 and 2015. Available data for all road users and by road user group were extracted and analysed. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and estimated pooled rates of road traffic injuries and deaths.We identified 39 studies from 15 African countries. The estimated pooled rate for road traffic injury was 65.2 per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval, CI: 60.8-69.5) and the death rate was 16.6 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 15.2-18.0). Road traffic injury rates increased from 40.7 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 92.9 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015, while death rates decreased from 19.9 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 9.3 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015. The highest road traffic death rate was among motorized four-wheeler occupants at 5.9 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 4.4-7.4), closely followed by pedestrians at 3.4 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 2.5-4.2).The burden of road traffic injury and death is high in Africa. Since registry-based reports underestimate the burden, a systematic collation of road traffic injury and death data is needed to determine the true burden.Estimer l'incidence des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route pour toute la population des usagers et pour les différents groupes d'usagers de la route, en Afrique.Nous avons fait des recherches dans MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar et sur des sites Internet d'organisations et d'agences de sécurité routière africaines, pour trouver des rapports et des études réalisées en population ou à partir de registres, concernant l'estimation des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route en Afrique, publiés entre 1980 et 2015. Les données obtenues pour l'ensemble des usagers de la route et pour chaque groupe d'usagers ont été extraites et analysées. Nous avons effectué une méta-analyse à effets aléatoires et avons estimé les taux combinés des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route.Nous avons identifié 39 études, de 15 pays africains. Le taux combiné de traumatismes dus à des accidents de la route a été estimé à 65,2 pour 100 000 habitants (intervalle de confiance -IC- de 95%: 60,8–69,5) et le taux de décès a été estimé à 16,6 pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95%: 15,2-18,0). Le taux de traumatismes dus à des accidents de la route a augmenté de 40,7 pour 100 000 habitants dans les années 1990 à 92,2 pour 100 000 habitants pour la période entre 2010 et 2015, tandis que le taux de décès est passé de 19,9 pour 100 000 habitants dans les années 1990 à 9,3 pour 100 000 habitants entre 2010 et 2015. Le taux le plus élevé de tués sur les routes correspond aux occupants de véhicules motorisés à quatre roues, avec 5,9 victimes de la route pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95 %: 4,4–7,4), suivis de près par les piétons, avec 3,4 décès pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95%: 2,5-4,2).L'incidence des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route est élevée en Afrique. Étant donné que les rapports fondés sur des registres sous-estiment les chiffres réels, il est nécessaire de procéder à un enregistrement systématique des données sur les traumatismes et les décès dus à des accidents de la route pour pouvoir déterminer leur véritable incidence.Estimar la tasa de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico para todos los usuarios de las carreteras y entre los distintos grupos de usuarios de las carreteras en África.Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar y sitios web de agencias y organizaciones de seguridad vial africanas para encontrar estudios e informes basados en la población y en los registros sobre estimaciones de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico en África publicados entre 1980 y 2015. Se extrajeron y analizaron los datos disponibles para todos los usuarios de las carreteras y por grupo de usuarios de las carreteras. Se realizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se estimaron tasas agrupadas de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico.Se identificaron 39 estudios de 15 países africanos. La tasa agrupada estimada de traumatismos por accidentes de tráfico fue de 65,2 por cada 100 000 habitantes (intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 60,8–69,5) y la tasa de muertes fue de 16,6 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 15,2–18,0). Las tasas de traumatismos por accidentes de tráfico aumentaron de 40,7 por cada 100 000 habitantes en la década de 1990 a 92,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes entre 2010 y 2015, mientras que las tasas de muertes se redujeron de 19,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes en la década de 1990 a 9,3 por cada 100 000 habitantes entre 2010 y 2015. La mayor tasa de muertes por accidentes de tráfico se encontró entre los ocupantes de vehículos motorizados de cuatro ruedas, con un 5,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 4,4–7,4), seguida muy de cerca por los peatones, con un 3,4 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 2,5–4,2).En África, la tasa de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico es alta. Puesto que los informes basados en registros infravaloran dicha tasa, es necesario un cotejo sistemático de datos de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico para determinar la tasa real.تقدير عبء الإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور فيما يتعلق بمستخدمي الطرق في مجملهم وضمن المجموعات المختلفة لمستخدمي الطرق في أفريقيا.بحثنا في قواعد معطيات MEDLINE، وEMBASE، وGlobal Health، وGoogle Scholar، والمواقع الإلكترونية للهيئات المعنية بالحفاظ على السلامة على الطرق عن الدراسات القائمة على السجلات وقطاع السكان وكذلك التقارير التي تناولت تقديرات للإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور في أفريقيا والتي تم نشرها في الفترة بين عامي 1980 و2015. وتم استخلاص وتحليل البيانات المتاحة فيما يتعلق بمستخدمي الطرق في مجملهم والمصنفة حسب مجموعة مستخدمي الطرق. استخدمنا نموذج الآثار العشوائية للتحليل التلوي وقدّرنا المعدلات المجمعة للإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور.حددنا 39 دراسة مستمدة من 15 دولة أفريقية. وبلغ المعدل المجمع للإصابات الناجمة عن حوادث المرور حسب التقديرات 65.2 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 10,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95%: 60.8 – 69.5) وبلغ معدل الوفيات 16.6 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها ‏95%: 15.2–18.0). وارتفعت معدلات الإصابة الناجمة عن حوادث الطرق من 40.7 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في التسعينيات من القرن العشرين لتصل إلى 92.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في الفترة بين 2010 و2015، بينما انخفضت معدلات الوفاة من 19.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في التسعينيات من القرن العشرين لتبلغ 9.3 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في الفترة بين عامي 2010 و2015. وكان أعلى معدل للوفيات الناجمة عن حوادث المرور لمستخدمي المركبات ذات الأربع عجلات المزودة بمحرك، حيث بلغ 5.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95‏%: 4.4 – 7.4)، ويليهم بفارق صغير المشاة بمعدل يبلغ 3.4 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95‏%: 2.5–4.2).إن عبء الإصابة وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث الطرق مرتفع في أفريقيا. ونظرًا للدور الذي تلعبه التقارير القائمة على السجلات في خفض تقديرات العبء عن معدلاتها الحقيقية، فإن الأمر يقتضي تجميع البيانات المتعلقة بالإصابة وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور ومقارنتها بطريقة منهجية لتحديد العبء الحقيقي.旨在为非洲所有的道路用户以及不同道路用户人群评估道路交通伤害和死亡的负担。.我们检索了联机医学文献分析和检索系统 (MEDLINE)、荷兰医学文摘数据库 (EMBASE)、全球健康 (Global Health)、谷歌学术 (Google Scholar) 和非洲道路安全机构和组织的网站，收集了 1980 年至 2015 年期间发布的关于非洲道路交通伤害和死亡估计的基于登记信息和人群的研究和报告。同时，摘取了针对所有道路用户以及道路用户人群提供的现有数据，并对其进行了分析。我们开展了随机效应元分析，并且评估了道路交通伤害和死亡的总发生率。.我们从 15 个非洲国家确定了 39 项研究。 道路交通伤害的总发生率预计为每 10 万人中 65.2 例（95% 置信区间，CI： 60.8–69.5）死亡率为每 10 万人中 16.6 例（95% CI：15.2–18.0）。与 20 世纪 90 年代相比，在 2010 年至 2015 年期间，道路交通伤害率从每 10 万人中 40.7 例上升到每 10 万人中 92.9 例，同期，死亡率从每 10 万人中 19.9 例减少到每 10 万人中 9.3 例。道路交通死亡发生率最高的人群是四轮机动车车主，为每 10 万人中 5.9 例 (95% CI: 4.4–7.4)，紧随其后的是行人，为每 10 万人中 3.4 例 (95% CI: 2.5–4.2)。.非洲道路交通事故和伤亡负担很重。由于基于登记信息的报告会低估负担程度，因此需要对道路交通伤害和死亡数据进行系统整理，以确定真实的负担程度。.Оценить бремя травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий для всех участников дорожного движения и для различных групп участников дорожного движения в Африке.Был выполнен поиск в базах данных MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, системе Google Scholar, на веб-сайтах африканских учреждений по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения и организаций на предмет реестровых и популяционных исследований травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Африке и отчетов по ним, опубликованных в период между 1980 и 2015 годами. Доступные данные по всем участникам дорожного движения и по их отдельным группам были извлечены и проанализированы. С помощью метаанализа с использованием модели случайных эффектов были рассчитаны объединенные показатели травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий.Было выявлено 39 исследований из 15 стран Африки. Объединенный расчетный показатель дорожно-транспортного травматизма составил 65,2 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й доверительный интервал, ДИ: 60,8–69,5), а показатель смертности составил 16,6 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 15,2–18,0). Показатели травматизма в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий увеличились с 40,7 случая на 100 000 жителей в 1990-х годах до 92,9 случая на 100 000 жителей в период с 2010 по 2015 год, а показатели смертности снизились с 19,9 случая на 100 000 жителей в 1990-х годах до 9,3 случая на 100 000 жителей в период с 2010 по 2015 год. Наибольший показатель смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий наблюдался среди пассажиров моторных четырехколесных транспортных средств и составлял 5,9 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 4,4–7,4); ненамного меньший показатель наблюдался среди пешеходов и составлял 3,4 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 2,5–4,2).В Африке существует высокое бремя травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий. Поскольку показатели бремени, полученные в результате реестровых исследований, занижены, для определения истинного бремени требуется систематизация данных по травматизму и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий.

Background Many open source software (OSS) quality assessment models are proposed and available in the literature. However, there is little or no adoption of these models in practice. In order to guide the formulation of newer models so they can be acceptable by practitioners, there is need for clear discrimination of the existing models based on their specific properties. Based on this, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic literature review to investigate the properties of the existing OSS quality assessment models by classifying them with respect to their quality characteristics, the methodology they use for assessment, and their domain of application so as to guide the formulation and development of newer models. Searches in IEEE Xplore, ACM, Science Direct, Springer and Google Search is performed so as to retrieve all relevant primary studies in this regard. Journal and conference papers between the year 2003 and 2015 were considered since the first known OSS quality model emerged in 2003. Results A total of 19 OSS quality assessment model papers were selected. To select these models we have developed assessment criteria to evaluate the quality of the existing studies. Quality assessment models are classified into five categories based on the quality characteristics they possess namely: single-attribute, rounded category, community-only attribute, non-community attribute as well as the non-quality in use models. Our study reflects that software selection based on hierarchical structures is found to be the most popular selection method in the existing OSS quality assessment models. Furthermore, we found that majority (47%) of the existing models do not specify any domain of application. Conclusions In conclusion, our study will be a valuable contribution to the community and helps the quality assessment model developers in formulating newer models and also to the practitioners (software evaluators) in selecting suitable OSS in the midst of alternatives.

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is rated the second most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer deaths among men globally. Reports show that African men suffer disproportionately from PCa compared to men from other parts of the world. It is still quite difficult to accurately describe the burden of PCa in Africa due to poor cancer registration systems. We systematically reviewed the literature on prostate cancer in Africa and provided a continent-wide incidence rate of PCa based on available data in the region. Methods A systematic literature search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health from January 1980 to June 2015 was conducted, with additional search of Google Scholar, International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and WHO African region websites, for studies that estimated incidence rate of PCa in any African location. Having assessed quality and consistency across selected studies, we extracted incidence rates of PCa and conducted a random effects meta-analysis. Results Our search returned 9766 records, with 40 studies spreading across 16 African countries meeting our selection criteria. We estimated a pooled PCa incidence rate of 22.0 (95% CI: 19.93–23.97) per 100,000 population, and also reported a median incidence rate of 19.5 per 100,000 population. We observed an increasing trend in PCa incidence with advancing age, and over the main years covered. Conclusion Effective cancer registration and extensive research are vital to appropriately quantifying PCa burden in Africa. We hope our findings may further assist at identifying relevant gaps, and contribute to improving knowledge, research, and interventions targeted at prostate cancer in Africa.

The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model has been widely used in explaining and assessing technology adoption in diverse contexts. However, it does not have Technology Culturation as one of the constructs. This variable constitutes a prevailing challenge in the developing world that could affect the adoption of technology in higher institutions of learning. The concept of Technology Culturation which is a critical factor for the adoption of e-learning tools and facilities in higher institutions of learning will be analytically examined in this study. The concept of Technology Culturation says that individuals who had prior exposure to relative technologies like cable satellites, television, video games, etc. are already tuned in their minds or acculturated to the use of technology; this concept assumes that this can affect an individual’s acceptance of other ICTs or other advanced technologies subsequently. This paper would therefore attempt to explore the extension of UTAUT by integrating Technology Culturation construct into the model that can be used in explaining or/and assessing the adoption of e-learning tools in higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. To this end, secondary sources of data such as Text Books, Journals, Magazines and the Internet will be used for this study. The conceptual framework should be of interest to both researchers and education administrators/stakeholders in developing nations in terms of planning and policy making.

The higher education landscape in developing countries is faced with many challenges, one of which is high faculty to student ratio. An obvious implication of this is compromise on the quality of classroom engagement. The distractions caused by the not conducive learning space and instructors’ inability to elucidate correct feedbacks from students usually lead to poor learning outcomes. Feedback mechanisms that are unobtrusive and efficient in processing large data in real-time are needful to measure quality learning experience in such large classroom settings. With the latest impact of penetration and adoption of internet and mobile technologies in most developing counties, wearable technology is a feasible solution to manage and monitor classroom involvement; as real time student feedback can be integrated in the design and delivery of instruction in and out of the classroom. In this paper, we present state of the art of wearable technology and explored the opportunities of wearable technology in the higher education. Specifically, we presented scenarios in which wearable technology can be employed to understand and analyze physiological signals and emotional responses from learners in real-time; the end result of which would increase the quality of classroom engagement, inspire new pedagogy, drive new trends in peer-to-peer collaborations, and increase the learning outcomes. Moreover, we identified some challenges that may hinder this development such as: inconclusive user studies of wearable technology in developing countries and inadequate infrastructure. Finally, we make appropriate recommendations on how these challenges can be surmounted

Quite a number of open source software quality models exist today. These models emerged as a result of the need to measure quality in open source software, which is quite unlike closed source, or proprietary software. ISO 9126 standard forms the basis from which most of these models derive. However, ISO 9126 standard has been replaced by ISO 25010. Therefore, as research endeavors progress towards evolving the "silver bullet" open source software quality model, it is the aim of this paper to evaluate existing open source software quality models against the ISO 25010 standard. The findings from this study reveal a candidate model (from among the existing models) that can be leveraged in deriving a generic open source software quality model.

West Africa is currently plagued with Ebola Viral Disease (EVD) and other minor epidemic diseases which has led to major economic meltdown and high mortality rate in countries like Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia as a result of immigration, emigration, foreign trade and investment, bilateral, poor health care issues amidst others. Harmonized EVD related data can help identify individuals who are at risk of contracting the terminal disease and at the same time controlling the outbreak which will in turn lower cost of health care across West Africa. This paper presents the significance, framework as well as an implementation plan and design for using Big Data Technologies (BDT) as an aid to prevent and control EVD in West Africa and the provision of how the principles of cloud computing could be applied to present and impending expectations of the West African Health sector.

Pervasive computing is an advanced computing paradigm which makes computing available everywhere and anywhere. It allows users to interact with computers. Such computers can exist in different forms such as laptops, tablets, a pair of glasses (wearable computers) and clothes or wearable fabrics that are sensor-embedded. It is essential to explore the different applications of pervasive computing to learning in classroom environments, in order to foster learning and promote well-being among students. One of the problems currently confronting some developing countries is a lack of adequate facilities to support proper learning in classroom environments. This has had a negative impact on the performance of students at various levels of educational learning. In this paper, a review of current trends, future trends and applications of pervasive computing was explored, particularly with respect to classroom learning environments, and a generic model of pervasive computing technology was proposed for adoption in classroom learning environments of developing countries, particularly the Nigerian tertiary institution’s classroom learning environment.

Many open source web applications exist today and universities also find them useful. For instance, universities now manage most of their research output by storing them in their respective institutional repositories. These repositories are often built as open source web applications and known as repository software. Several of these exist but three popular ones include: DSpace, EPrints and Greenstone (DEG). These three are open source and built by different institutions. Considering their increasing adoption and usage by universities today, it would be useful to have a model that can compare between the quality of two or more web applications and suggest the better option to an institution intending to adopt one. This paper therefore proposes a model for measuring quality in open source web applications (focusing on repository software) by adapting existing quality models. The proposed model is used to measure quality in DEG. The proposed model is validated through real data and the results presented and discussed. Overall, the model rated DSpace as the better option.

With the proliferation of learning resources on the Web, finding suitable content (using telephone) has become a rigorous task for voice-based online learners to achieve better performance. The problem with Finding Content Suitability (FCS) with voice E-Learning applications is more complex when the sight-impaired learner is involved. Existing voice-enabled applications in the domain of E-Learning lack the attributes of adaptive and reusable learning objects to be able to address the FCS problem. This study provides a Voice-enabled Framework for Recommender and Adaptation (VeFRA) Systems in E-learning and an implementation of a system based on the framework with dual user interfaces – voice and Web. A usability study was carried out in a visually impaired and non-visually impaired school using the International Standard Organization’s (ISO) 9241-11 specification to determine the level of effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction. The result of the usability evaluation reveals that the prototype application developed for the school has “Good Usability” rating of 4.13 out of 5 scale. This shows that the application will not only complement existing mobile and Web-based learning systems, but will be of immense benefit to users, based on the system’s capacity for taking autonomous decisions that are capable of adapting to the needs of both visually impaired and non-visually impaired learners.

Background Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is currently ranked eighth among the leading causes of deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Yet, effective population-wide preventive measures targeting risks in the region are still largely unavailable. We aimed to review population-wide and individual-level interventions addressing risk factors of IHD among adults in sSA. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and AJOL was conducted to identify studies focusing on population-wide and individual-level interventions targeting risks of IHD among adults in sSA. We conducted a detailed synthesis of basic findings of selected studies. Results A total of 2311 studies were identified, with only 9 studies meeting our selection criteria. 3 broad interventions were identified: dietary modifications, physical activity and community-based health promotion measures on tobacco and alcohol cessation. 3 studies reported significant reduction in blood pressure (BP), and another study reported statistically significant reduction in mean total cholesterol. Other outcome measures observed ranged from mild to no reduction in BP, blood glucose, body mass index and total cholesterol, respectively. Conclusions We cannot specify with all certainty contextually feasible interventions that can be effective in modifying IHD risk factors in population groups across sSA. We recommend more research on IHD, particularly on the understanding of the burden, geared towards developing and/or strengthening preventive and treatment interventions for the disease in sSA.

Government establishments are most times highly involved in different reorganization programs. The processes in e-Government are diversified and complex, hence the need for an appropriate training and learning strategy for governmental employees. Changing business processes and organizational structures always mean that the personnel have to be familiar with the changed procedures. Consequently, the employees need to be trained to develop capacity for new responsibilities. Existing methods of learning and training do not make provision for certain category of employees such as the visually impaired. They do not provide an alternative learning platform for government of employees that are not physically challenged. Many studies have demonstrated the value of several learning platforms, including mobile learning (m-Learning) but with the problems of access barriers and streamlined participation of most learners. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a voice-based e-Learning system, also known as voice-learning (v-Learning) as a variant of the m-Learning with particular relevance for the visually and mobility impaired learners. V-Learning makes possible ubiquitous learning in e-Government and provides additional capacity and speed of response to help facilitate change. Cost reduction is also achieved and there is no shortage of teachers.

This paper analyzes whether there exists a causal relationship between parental educational attainment and student outcomes or success. The research was carried out on 260 students, teachers and parents from six randomly selected secondary schools in three local government areas of Ogun state, Nigeria. The Junior Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations (JSSCE) performance were used as variables for measuring school outcomes while less than bachelor's degree as well as bachelor's degree or its equivalent to PhD were used to measure parental educational attainment. Two null hypotheses were developed and Chi square statistics was used to analyse its findings. Parental education attainment was discovered to have a significant and fundamental effect on school outcomes.

The concept of governance and leadership are intertwined. Good governance and leadership is critical for the achievement of results. It is often said that no country can develop beyond the level of its leadership. The predicament of Nigeria in terms of underdevelopment and corruption can be adduced to the problem of leadership and governance. Nigeria needs committed leaders who will govern with integrity and doggedly influence its human and natural resources toward the actualization of sustainable national development. This paper is descriptive; it looks at the place of leadership and good governance in the actualization of overall national development in Nigeria. Transformational leadership theoryand contingency theory of leadership viewpoints are examined vis a vis diverse impediments to national development in Nigeria, as vital to feasible and substantial national development; The paper recommends that; The leaders who govern should be made accountable by publicly declaring what they have been able to achieve in terms of performance as well as how much was expended in every sector on a yearly basis; Auditors with integrity should be made to verify their claims in order to ascertain the genuineness of the claims; Corrupt leaders should be brought to book and made to face necessary and lawful penalties without fear or favour; and elections made free and fair and not rigged. When citizens are allowed to choose their leaders, leaders would in turn have a sense of responsibility that they owe the people good governance.