1. Monitoring and evaluation of spatially managed areas: A generic framework for implementation of ecosystem based marine management and its application
- Author
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Nicklas Wijkmark, Carlo Pipitone, Norbert Dankers, Sylvaine Giakoumi, Tomás Vega Fernández, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Ángel Borja, Jan van Dalfsen, Remment ter Hofstede, Kate R. Johnson, Thomas Kirk Sørensen, Robbert Jak, Sandra Vöge, Mike Dujin, Stelios Katsanevakis, Vassiliki Vassilopoulou, Magda Vincx, Peter J.S. Jones, Steven Degraer, Vanessa Stelzenmüller, Anke Weber, Leyla Knittweis, Giovanni D’Anna, Fabio Badalamenti, Frank Thomsen, Patricia Breen, Fabio Fiorentino, Tammy Stamford, Julia Carlstöm, Zacharoula Kyriazi, Wanfei Qiu, Ibon Galparsoro, Marijn Rabaut, Joanna Piwowarczyk, and Michele Gristina
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,IE - Innovation & Environment ,Process management ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Risk analysis ,Buildings and Infrastructure ,Spatially explicit tools ,01 natural sciences ,Built Environment ,uncertainty ,Adaptive management ,Built environment ,General Environmental Science ,sea use management ,Environmental resource management ,Stakeholder ,management effectiveness ,conservation ,methodological approach ,fisheries management ,strategies ,operational objectives ,objectives ,Fisheries management ,marine spatial planning ,Economics and Econometrics ,adaptive management ,risk analysis ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Management effectiveness ,habitats ,Ecosystemen ,spatially explicit tools ,14. Life underwater ,Society ,Operational objectives ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Marine ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Marine spatial planning ,Monitoring and evaluation ,BSS - Behavioural and Societal Sciences ,indicators ,Data access ,Vis ,13. Climate action ,Earth and Environmental Sciences ,business ,offshore waters ,Law - Abstract
This study introduces a framework for the monitoring and evaluation of spatially managed areas (SMAs), which is currently being tested by nine European case studies. The framework provides guidance on the selection, mapping, and assessment of ecosystem components and human pressures, the evaluation of management effectiveness and potential adaptations to management. Moreover, it provides a structured approach with advice on spatially explicit tools for practical tasks like the assessment of cumulative impacts of human pressures or pressure-state relationships. The case studies revealed emerging challenges, such as the lack of operational objectives within SMAs, particularly for transnational cases, data access, and stakeholder involvement. Furthermore, the emerging challenges of integrating the framework assessment using scientific information with a structured governance research analysis based mainly on qualitative information are addressed. The lessons learned will provide a better insight into the full range of methods and approaches required to support the implementation of the ecosystem approach to marine spatial management in Europe and elsewhere. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2013
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