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1. A social–ecological geography of southern Canadian lakes

Author

Andréanne Dupont, Morgan Botrel, Nicolas Fortin St-Gelais, Timothée Poisot, and Roxane Maranger

Subjects
lakes, Canada, ecosystem services, nitrogen, chloride, anthropogenic pressure, Education, Science
Abstract

Anthropogenic pressures, including urban and agricultural expansion, can negatively influence a lake's capacity to provide aquatic ecosystem services (ES). However, identifying lakes most at risk of losing their ES (i.e., higher vulnerability) requires integrating information on lake ecological state, global change threats, and ES use. Here, we provide a social–ecological framework that combines these features within a regional context by evaluating the ecological state of 659 lakes across Canada. Using the deviation of impacted lakes from reference ones, we identified much higher total nitrogen and chloride concentrations as the main indicators of an altered lake ecological state in all regions identified. Lake ecological state was mapped using an additive colour model along with regional scores of threat levels and recreational ES use. Urban and agriculturally developed areas were linked to higher lake vulnerability and ES loss. Lakes in Southern Ontario were most concerning, being highly altered, under threat, and heavily used. Lakes near coastal urban centers were altered and used, but less threatened, whereas those in the Prairies were altered and threatened, but less used. Our novel framework provides the first social–ecological geography of Canadian lakes, and is a promising tool to assess lake state and vulnerability at scales relevant for management.

Published
2023
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2. Succession of protistan functional traits is influenced by bloom timing

Author

Bérangère Péquin, Richard LaBrie, Nicolas Fortin St-Gelais, and Roxane Maranger

Subjects
protists, biogeography, phenology, functional diversity, days before peak chlorophyll, Labrador Sea, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Surface ocean eukaryotic phytoplankton biogeography can be determined as chlorophyll-a using remote sensing techniques yet evaluating its community composition remains limited. Given our ability to track site-specific chlorophyll-a concentration, we tested which factors influenced protistan functional trait distribution, and whether the distributions can be inferred from bloom succession. Here we surveyed the Labrador Sea during spring over three consecutive years, sequenced 18S data over 15 stations and collected satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration from March to July for each year. We evaluated changes in distribution of taxonomic composition as well as the functional traits of protistan size, trophic strategy (defined as phototrophy, phagotrophy, and mixotrophy as capable of both), motility and dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylsulfoniopropionate production by building a functional trait database after an extensive literature review. More variability in the biogeography of protistan functional traits was explained across water masses, and among years than taxonomic composition and patterns in trait variability were more apparent when site-specific timing of peak chlorophyll-a was considered. We found that reconstructing bloom phenology using days before peak (DBP) chlorophyll explained a significant amount of variability in functional trait community structure that was previously attributed to water masses or years, suggesting that spatial and interannual variations can be explained by the sampling moment during succession. Approximately 30 days prior to peak, mixotrophy as a trophic strategy was replaced by phototrophic protists of typically larger size classes. Our work suggests DBP influences protistan community trait succession that could inform biogeochemical models, and likely acts a proxy for the onset of stratification.

Published
2022
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3. Horizon scan of conservation issues for inland waters in Canada

Author

Perez-Jvostov, Felipe, Sutherland, William J., Barrett, Rowan D.H., Brown, Catherine A., Cardille, Jeffrey A., Cooke, Steven J., Cristescu, Melania E., St-Gelais, Nicolas Fortin, Fussmann, Gregor F., Griffiths, Katherine, Hendry, Andrew P., Lapointe, Nicolas W.R., Nyboer, Elizabeth A., Pentland, Ralph L., Reid, Andrea J., Ricciardi, Anthony, Sunday, Jennifer M., and Gregory-Eaves, Irene

Subjects
Biological diversity conservation, Earth sciences, McGill University
Abstract

Horizon scanning is a systematic approach increasingly used to explore emerging trends, issues, opportunities, and threats in conservation. We present the results from one such exercise aimed at identifying emerging issues that could have important scientific, social, technological, and managerial implications for the conservation of inland waters in Canada in the proximate future. We recognized six opportunities and nine challenges, for which we provide research implications and policy options, such that scientists, policy makers, and the Canadian society as a whole can prepare for a potential growth in each of the topic areas we identified. The issues spanned a broad range of topics, from recognizing the opportunities and challenges of community-enabled science and the need to consider the legal rights of nature, to the likely increase of pharmaceuticals in wastewater due to an aging population. These issues represent a first baseline that could help decision makers identify and prioritize efforts while simultaneously stimulate new research avenues. We hope our horizon scan will pave the way for similar exercises related to the conservation of biodiversity in Canada. L'analyse prospective est une approche systematique de plus en plus utilisee pour explorer les nouvelles tendances, questions, occasions et menaces dans le domaine de la conservation. Nous presentons les resultats d'un de ces exercices visant a cerner les questions emergentes qui pourraient etre importantes des points de vue scientifique, social, technologique et de la gestion relativement a la conservation des eaux interieures au Canada, pour l'avenir rapproche. Nous relevons six occasions a saisir et neuf defis, dont nous abordons les repercussions sur la recherche et les possibilites d'action qu'ils presentent, afin que les scientifiques, les decideurs et l'ensemble de la societe canadienne puissent se preparer en vue d'une croissance potentielle dans chacun des domaines cernes. Ces questions couvrent un vaste eventail de sujets allant de la reconnaissance des occasions et defis de la science facilitee par la collectivite et la necessite de prendre en compte les droits de la nature en vertu de la loi, a l'augmentation probable des produits pharmaceutiques dans les eaux usees en raison du vieillissement de la population. Ces questions representent un premier etat de reference qui pourrait aider les decideurs a cerner et prioriser les efforts tout en stimulant de nouvelles avenues de recherche. Nous esperons que cette analyse prospective ouvrira la voie a des exercices semblables concernant la conservation de la biodiversite au Canada. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Rivers, lakes, springs, and other inland waters (i.e., all surface waters contained within lands; FAO 2008) are often classified among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet (Dudgeon et [...]

Published
2020
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4. Strategic Noise Mapping in France to 2023: Coupling a national database with the open-source model NoiseModelling

Author

Pierre Aumond, Sophie Cariou, Olivier Chiello, David Ecotière, Adrien Le Bellec, Damien Maltete, Claire Marconot, Nicolas Fortin, Sylvain Palominos, Gwendall Petit, and Judicaël Picaut

Abstract

The Environmental Noise Directive (END) requires the realization of strategic noise maps, every 5 years, in order to evaluate the noise impact of roads, railways, airports and the main industries on the inhabitants. To achieve round 4 for major roads and major railways, France has decided to create a national database called PlaMADE, which gathers all the necessary input data (traffic, building, population, relief...) in a unique format, a COVADIS GeoStandard. On the basis of these data, and using the open-source noise propagation calculation tool NoiseModelling, all the indicators and maps have been produced for the first time in an automatic way at a national scale. This paper presents the technical and methodological details of the coupling between the PlaMADE database and the NoiseModelling tool.

Published
2023

5. Collaborative noise data collected from smartphones

Author

Erwan Bocher, Gwendall Petit, Judicaël Picaut, Nicolas Fortin, and Gwenaël Guillaume

Subjects
Noise, GIS, SDI, OGC, Crowdsourcing, VGI, Smartphones, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Noise stands for an important human health and environmental issue. Indeed, noise causes annoyance and fatigue, interferes with communication and sleep, damages hearing and entails cardiovascular problems (WHO, 2011) [1]. From an environmental point of view, noise implies a lessening of both the richness and abundance of the animal species, an alteration of the communication, which can threaten the reproduction and predation, etc. (Newport et al., 2014; Shannon et al., 2014) [2,3]. Consequently, effects related to environmental noise result in a huge cost for society, with 2.2 billion euros in France, for example, for the year 2013 (Bourges and Diel, 2015) [4]. In this context, the reduction of noise in the environment is a burning issue, which requires, firstly, carrying out an evaluation of noise in the environment, and secondly, to establish action plans to reduce noise annoyance. With the development of the concept of participatory measurement, and considering the extremely large number of people equipped with a smartphone while being "in mobility", the use of smartphones is potentially a relevant solution to realize a large-scale environmental noise evaluation. The data presented hereinafter are collected from the Android NoiseCapture application and shared from the OnoMap Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). The NoiseCapture approach consists in measuring noise along a path, and then to share data with the community. This approach has been developed within the framework of the European ENERGIC-OD project, which aims at deploying a set of Virtual Hubs (VH) to share heterogeneous data with third parties, in respect with the European INSPIRE, and at developing new and original services that can be useful for the community. The noise data that are acquired by volunteers around the world (citizen observations), are organized in three files, containing the path of measures (a set of points), standardized noise indicators, noise description and other useful variables (GPS accuracy, speed…). These data can be very relevant later to propose an environmental noise evaluation, through simple or complex treatments.

Published
2017
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10. A social–ecological geography of southern Canadian lakes

Author

Dupont, Andréanne, Botrel, Morgan, St-Gelais, Nicolas Fortin, Poisot, Timothée, and Maranger, Roxane

Abstract

Anthropogenic pressures, including urban and agricultural expansion, can negatively influence a lake's capacity to provide aquatic ecosystem services (ES). However, identifying lakes most at risk of losing their ES (i.e., higher vulnerability) requires integrating information on lake ecological state, global change threats, and ES use. Here, we provide a social–ecological framework that combines these features within a regional context by evaluating the ecological state of 659 lakes across Canada. Using the deviation of impacted lakes from reference ones, we identified much higher total nitrogen and chloride concentrations as the main indicators of an altered lake ecological state in all regions identified. Lake ecological state was mapped using an additive colour model along with regional scores of threat levels and recreational ES use. Urban and agriculturally developed areas were linked to higher lake vulnerability and ES loss. Lakes in Southern Ontario were most concerning, being highly altered, under threat, and heavily used. Lakes near coastal urban centers were altered and used, but less threatened, whereas those in the Prairies were altered and threatened, but less used. Our novel framework provides the first social–ecological geography of Canadian lakes, and is a promising tool to assess lake state and vulnerability at scales relevant for management.

Published
2023
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11. Exploiting data from the NoiseCapture application for environmental noise measurements with a smartphone

Author

Judicaël Picaut, Gwendall Petit, Erwan Bocher, Pierre Aumond, and Nicolas Fortin

Subjects
Computer science, Real-time computing, Environmental noise
Abstract

NoiseCapture is a smartphone application initially developed as part of a participative approach for environmental noise mapping. After more than 3 years, the database produced from all over the world contributions is considerable (more than 77k contributors, nearly 300k tracks representing about 72 million 1-second measurements, in nearly 200 countries). Beyond the initial objective, other uses of the application have emerged: individually by users for their own needs, by associations of people in charge of the fight against noise pollution, within the framework of educational activities, by researchers for the realization of their own research, by communities to address the subject of noise pollution. As these new applications emerged, the development team of NoiseCapture was led to extend the possibilities of exploitation of these data. Thus, in this paper, we present different possibilities for a user to perform his own data analysis, namely: a local export of data from the smartphone, access to raw data and pre-processed data from the NoiseCapture server, access to formatted GIS layers from OGC standard service. All these methods are enabled thanks to the open source ecosystem, such as Python libraries, R software suite and GIS tools.

Published
2021

14. Deep ocean microbial communities produce more stable dissolved organic matter through the succession of rare prokaryotes

Author

Richard LaBrie, Bérangère Péquin, Nicolas Fortin St-Gelais, Igor Yashayaev, Jennifer Cherrier, Yves Gélinas, François Guillemette, David C. Podgorski, Robert G. M. Spencer, Luc Tremblay, and Roxane Maranger

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Abstract

The microbial carbon pump (MCP) hypothesis suggests that successive transformation of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by prokaryotes produces refractory DOC (RDOC) and contributes to the long-term stability of the deep ocean DOC reservoir. We tested the MCP by exposing surface water from a deep convective region of the ocean to epipelagic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic prokaryotic communities and tracked changes in dissolved organic matter concentration, composition, and prokaryotic taxa over time. Prokaryotic taxa from the deep ocean were more efficient at consuming DOC and producing RDOC as evidenced by greater abundance of highly oxygenated molecules and fluorescent components associated with recalcitrant molecules. This first empirical evidence of the MCP in natural waters shows that carbon sequestration is more efficient in deeper waters and suggests that the higher diversity of prokaryotes from the rare biosphere holds a greater metabolic potential in creating these stable dissolved organic compounds.

Published
2022

15. NoiseCapture smartphone application as pedagogical support for education and public awareness

Author

Gwenaël Guillaume, Pierre Aumond, Erwan Bocher, Arnaud Can, David Écotière, Nicolas Fortin, Cédric Foy, Benoit Gauvreau, Gwendall Petit, and Judicaël Picaut

Subjects
Schools, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Adolescent, Humans, Acoustics, Smartphone, Noise, Mobile Applications
Abstract

Teaching science subjects such as acoustics to youth or the general public can be facilitated by illustrating physical phenomena or scientific issues using fun experiences. A few years ago, our team developed a smartphone application named NoiseCapture with the aim of offering to anyone the opportunity to measure their sound environment and to share their geolocated measurements with the community in order to build a collective noise map. Since then, NoiseCapture team members have experimented with numerous interventions in schools or scientific events for the general public based on the app to explain not only societal and environmental issues related to noise but also to teach acoustic notions and to address technical and scientific topics associated with sound measurement. This paper describes some of the interventions implemented, in particular, in a school context through training courses given to middle school and university students, as well as teachers of secondary school, that focused on basic knowledge of buildings and environmental acoustics, on the practice of acoustic measurement, and on noise mapping. Some examples of interventions with the general public are also presented that were mostly integrated into scientific events.

Published
2022

16. DEUFRABASE: A Simple Tool for the Evaluation of the Noise Impact of Pavements in Typical Road Geometries

Author

Michel Bérengier, Judicaël Picaut, Bettina Pahl, Denis Duhamel, Benoit Gauvreau, Markus Auerbach, Peter Gusia, and Nicolas Fortin

Subjects
traffic noise, road pavement, noise impact evaluation, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Traffic noise is considered by people as one of the most important sources of environmental discomfort. A way to limit the traffic noise is to reduce the noise emission, for example, by using specific low noise pavements, particularly in suburban areas. However, in real situations, it can be difficult to evaluate the impact of a given pavement, because it depends, for example, on the road geometry, the meteorological conditions, or the distance of the receiver position. Finally it can be difficult to select the most appropriate pavement for a given noise reduction objective. In this paper, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the noise impact of a pavement, in typical road geometries and environmental conditions. The proposed approach uses two databases, the first one based on measurements of emission spectra of road vehicles on several typical pavements, the second one made of pre-calculations of noise propagation for typical road configurations. Finally, the method is implemented in an interactive web tool, called DEUFRABASE, which allows one to obtain a fast estimation of the L Aeq (1 h or 24 h) and L den noise levels for various pavements and road configurations, as functions of the traffic flow and composition. By comparing the method with measurements, it is showed that the tool, although based on a restricted number of pavements and on several simplifications, can predict the noise impact of typical road configurations, with an acceptable error, most often less than 2 dB.

Published
2019
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17. A Smartphone-Based Crowd-Sourced Database for Environmental Noise Assessment

Author

Judicaël Picaut, Nicolas Fortin, Gwendall Petit, Ayoub Boumchich, Erwan Bocher, and Pierre Aumond

Subjects
Exploit, Computer science, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), data analysis, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Article, Consistency (database systems), crowd-sourcing, 0103 physical sciences, Humans, Quality (business), Environmental noise, environmental noise, smartphone application, 010301 acoustics, media_common, Protocol (science), Noise measurement, Database, 010401 analytical chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 0104 chemical sciences, Noise, Sound, Calibration, Crowdsourcing, Medicine, Smartphone, computer
Abstract

Noise is a major source of pollution with a strong impact on health. Noise assessment is therefore a very important issue to reduce its impact on humans. To overcome the limitations of the classical method of noise assessment (such as simulation tools or noise observatories), alternative approaches have been developed, among which is collaborative noise measurement via a smartphone. Following this approach, the NoiseCapture application was proposed, in an open science framework, providing free access to a considerable amount of information and offering interesting perspectives of spatial and temporal noise analysis for the scientific community. After more than 3 years of operation, the amount of collected data is considerable. Its exploitation for a sound environment analysis, however, requires one to consider the intrinsic limits of each collected information, defined, for example, by the very nature of the data, the measurement protocol, the technical performance of the smartphone, the absence of calibration, the presence of anomalies in the collected data, etc. The purpose of this article is thus to provide enough information, in terms of quality, consistency, and completeness of the data, so that everyone can exploit the database, in full control.

Published
2021

18. Polyphonic training set synthesis improves self-supervised urban sound classification

Author

Félix Gontier, Vincent Lostanlen, Jean-François Petiot, Nicolas Fortin, Catherine Lavandier, Mathieu Lagrange, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Gustave Eiffel, Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine, ANR-16-CE22-0012,CENSE,Caractérisation des environnements sonores urbains : vers une approche globale associant données libres, mesures et modélisations(2016), Lagrange, Mathieu, and Caractérisation des environnements sonores urbains : vers une approche globale associant données libres, mesures et modélisations - - CENSE2016 - ANR-16-CE22-0012 - AAPG2016 - VALID

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Inpainting, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Task (project management), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010301 acoustics, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Machine listening, Ground truth, [INFO.INFO-MM] Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Data curation, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Acoustics, [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Conjunction (grammar), Sound, Face (geometry), Spectrogram, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Machine listening systems for environmental acoustic monitoring face a shortage of expert annotations to be used as training data. To circumvent this issue, the emerging paradigm of self-supervised learning proposes to pre-train audio classifiers on a task whose ground truth is trivially available. Alternatively, training set synthesis consists in annotating a small corpus of acoustic events of interest which are then automatically mixed at random to form a larger corpus of polyphonic scenes. Prior studies have considered these two paradigms in isolation, but rarely ever in conjunction. Furthermore, the impact of data curation in training set synthesis remains unclear. To fill this gap in research, this article proposes a two-stage approach. In the self-supervised stage, we formulate a pretext task (Audio2Vec skip-gram inpainting) on unlabeled spectrograms from an acoustic sensor network. Then, in the supervised stage, we formulate a downstream task of multilabel urban sound classification on synthetic scenes. We find that training set synthesis benefits more to overall performance than self-supervised learning. Interestingly, the geographical origin of the acoustic events in training set synthesis appears to have a decisive impact.

Published
2021

20. Method for in situ acoustic calibration of smartphone-based sound measurement applications

Author

Nicolas Fortin, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Enrique Suárez, Pierre Aumond, Arnaud Can, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Almería (UAL), Universidad Autonoma de Chile, and Universidad Austral de Chile

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Offset (computer science), Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Noise measurement, Computer science, Real-time computing, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Noise emission, Robustness (computer science), 0103 physical sciences, Measuring instrument, Potential source, Sound level meter, Noise level, 010301 acoustics
Abstract

Participatory measurement of environmental sound levels has gained interest in recent years. The calibration of measuring instruments is currently the main technical limitation. It is often the responsibility of the users and can be a potential source of error or add costs to the measurement protocol. In this article, a calibration protocol is proposed, based on the low variability of the average noise emission of individual vehicles. The advantage of this protocol for the user is that it does not require specific equipment, i.e. reference sound source or device, or special knowledge in acoustics. The method consists in measuring the noise level of a few vehicles as they pass through at different measuring points. The measured levels are compared to the levels expected by a numerical model, the difference serving as an offset for subsequent measurements. The robustness of the protocol is first tested over a large experimental campaign, and it turns out that measuring the passage of 15 vehicles at 3 different locations limits the error to −1.8 ± 1.0 dB(A). Then, the protocol is tested in real conditions with a set of 8 smartphones. The comparison with a class 1 sound level meter on 6 control points shows an average error on all phones of −0.6 ± 1.2 dB(A).

Published
2020

21. An open-science crowdsourcing approach for producing community noise maps using smartphones

Author

Erwan Bocher, Gwenaël Guillaume, Pierre Aumond, Nicolas Fortin, Judicaël Picaut, Gwendall Petit, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CID_DECIDE, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Open science, Environmental Engineering, Source code, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE, TELEPHONE MOBILE, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Crowdsourcing, 01 natural sciences, 021108 energy, Environmental noise, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, media_common, CROWDSOURCING, Spatial data infrastructure, SMARTPHONE, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], business.industry, Building and Construction, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, GIS, Data science, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Noise, OPEN SCIENCE, BRUIT, Global Positioning System, COMMUNITY MAP, business, Raw data
Abstract

International audience; An alternative method is proposed for the assessment of the noise environment, on the basis of a crowdsourcing approach. For this purpose, a smartphone application and a spatial data infrastructure have been specifically developed in order to collect physical data (noise indicators, GPS positions, etc.) and perceptual data (pleasantness), without territorial limits, of the sound environment. As the project is developed within an Open Science framework, all source codes, methodologies, tools and raw data are freely available, and if necessary, can be duplicated for any specific use. In particular, the collected data can be used by the scientific community, cities, associations, or any institution, which would like to develop new tools for the evaluation and representation of sound environments. In this paper, all the methodological and technical issues are detailed, and a first analysis of the collected data is proposed.

Published
2019

22. Noise Mapping based on OpenStreetMap data

Author

Erwan Bocher, Gwenael Guillaume, Sébastien Guyon, Nicolas Fortin, Pierre Aumond, and Cadic, Ifsttar

Subjects
OPEN STREET MAP, [SPI.ACOU] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], ACOUSTIQUE, DONNEES OUVERTES, OPEN SOURCE, CARTOGRAPHIE
Abstract

Noise mapping relies on numerous input data concerning the territory, such as transport infrastructure and related trac, buildings, land topography and use, or population distribution to determine the end-of-chain exposed population. Access to these data and their manual formatting can be time-consumming for the operators in charge of the production these maps and potentially error-prone. Nowadays, these data are mainly provided by the state services and sometimes unavailable. In recent years, other data sources have emerged in the form of open data. OpenStreetMap (OSM) has become one of the major project of free editable map over the world that relies on a wide community of contributors. The present work aims at investigating the use of OSM data for noise mapping purposes. Maps produced using ?usual? and OSM data are compared in terms of deviation in the estimated exposed population.

Published
2019

23. Modeling the inhomogeneous reverberant sound field within the acoustic diffusion model: A statistical approach

Author

Christian Prax, Vincent Valeau, Anas Sakout, Nicolas Fortin, Cédric Foy, Judicaël Picaut, Laboratoire d'Etude des Phénomènes de Transfert Appliqués aux Bâtiments (LEPTAB), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Acoustique, Aérodynamique, Turbulence (2AT ), Département Fluides, Thermique et Combustion (FTC), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Aménagement, Mobilités et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-Communauté Université Paris-Est-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale (IFSTTAR/AME/LAE), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), and ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers

Subjects
Absorption (acoustics), ROOM ACOUSTICS, Diffusion equation, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Acoustics, SPATIAL ANALYSIS, ACOUSTIC WAVES, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 0103 physical sciences, Acoustic wave equation, Diffusion (business), 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, ONDE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Acoustic source localization, Acoustic wave, Room acoustics, Sound intensity, MODELISATION, DIFFUSION, Computer Science::Sound, ACOUSTIC MODELING, ACOUSTIQUE
Abstract

Acoustics'2017, BOSTON, ETATS-UNIS, 25-/06/2017 - 29/06/2017; In room acoustics, starting from the sound particle concept, it is now well established that the reverberant field can be modeled from a diffusion equation function of the acoustic density and a gradient equation function of the acoustic intensity. The main works on the development of an acoustic diffusion model have highlighted the major role of a coefficient of the model, the so-called diffusion coefficient. Indeed, the main phenomena influencing the reverberant sound field can be modeled by proposing an appropriate expression of this diffusion coefficient. The work presented here deals with the modeling of inhomogeneous reverberant sound fields induced by geometric disproportions, and investigates, in particular, the case of long rooms. Previously, the ability of the acoustic diffusion to model adequately the spatial variations of the sound field along the room has been demonstrated by considering a diffusion coefficient that is spatially dependent. We propose here to extend this work by determining an empirical law of the diffusion coefficient, depending on both the scattering and absorption coefficients of the walls of the room. The approach proposed here is statistical and is based on the least squares method. Several linear models are proposed, for which a rigorous statistical analysis makes it possible to assess their relevance.

Published
2017

24. NoiseCapture : une démarche Open Science pour la production collaborative de cartes de bruit à l'aide de smartphones

Author

Judicaël Picaut, Nicolas Fortin, Pierre Aumond, Erwan Bocher, Gwendall Petit, Gwenaël Guillaume, Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale (IFSTTAR/AME/LAE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CID_DECIDE, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ENERGIC-OD, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale ( IFSTTAR/AME/LAE ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Est ( Cerema Direction Est ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement ( Cerema ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], SMARTPHONE, CARTOGRAPHIE SONORE, [ SPI.ACOU ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], NIVEAU SONORE, APPROCHE COLLABORATIVE, CARTOGRAPHIE
Abstract

Le projet NoiseCapture s'inscrit dans une démarche globale Open Science (appelée Noise-Planet) portée par l'Ifsttar et le CNRS, pour le développement d'outils pour l'évaluation de l'environnement sonore. Ce projet s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la mise en oeuvre d'une approche collaborative pour la production de données avec des smartphones afin, à terme, de proposer une méthode alternative d'évaluation de l'environnement sonore. À cet effet, une application Android et une infrastructure de données spatiales ont été développées spécifiquement. L'ensemble permet aujourd'hui de collecter des données physiques (mesures acoustiques, positions GPS...) et perceptives (agrément de l'environnement sonore), sans limite de territoire, tout en respectant la vie privée des contributeurs. Les données collectées sont librement accessibles, notamment par la communauté scientifique qui souhaiterait développer de nouveaux outils pour l'évaluation et la représentation des environnements sonores. En particulier, l'un des enjeux sera d'extraire de ces données -d'une qualité moindre compte-tenu de l'approche mise en oeuvre et des limitations métrologiques des smartphones-, des informations pertinentes pour la gestion de l'environnement sonore.

Published
2017

25. Optimized transmission line matrix model implementation for graphics processing units computing in built-up environment

Author

Nicolas Fortin and Gwenaël Guillaume

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Computation, Process (computing), Graphics processing unit, Building and Construction, Computer Science Applications, Domain (software engineering), Computational science, Transmission line, Data exchange, Modeling and Simulation, Architecture, General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, Graphics, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The increase in computational capabilities has made time-domain methods applicable for long-range sound propagation modelling. However, such approaches remain very demanding in terms of computational resources. Most current computers are supplied with a powerful device which is still little exploited: the graphics processing unit (GPU). The paper describes an implementation of a transmission line matrix model which allows parallel calculations on heterogeneous systems. A voxelization algorithm used to generate the computational domain is presented. A splitting process is also expounded which makes feasible performing huge domains simulations by accurately dividing the computational domain into subdomains. Each subdomain is enlarged by introducing extra cells containing neighbours subdomains data in order to run several computational iterations on a graphic device without data exchange with the system memory. The influence of the ghost layer depth and the speeding up of computation time with GPU are then i...

Published
2013

26. Noise mapping based on participative measurements

Author

Nicolas Fortin, Gwendall Petit, Benoit Gauvreau, Erwan Bocher, Arnaud Can, Gwenaël Guillaume, Judicaël Picaut, Sylvain Palominos, Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Université d'Angers (UA)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Département Aménagement, Mobilités et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-Communauté Université Paris-Est-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: ENERGIC-OD, Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale (IFSTTAR/AME/LAE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), RP1-C15022, ENERGIC OD, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
TELEPHONE, participatory measurement, citizen sensing, Geospatial analysis, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, Interoperability, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, DETECTION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, MESURE, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, HOMME, Environmental noise, CARTOGRAPHIE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Communication, Spatial data infrastructure, SMARTPHONE, Participatory sensing, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Data science, smartphones, Urban Studies, BRUIT, noise mapping, Noise, Mobile phone, ACOUSTIQUE, Web service, business, computer, outsourced processes
Abstract

The high temporal and spatial granularities recommended by the European regulation for the purpose of environmental noise mapping leads to consider new alternatives to simulations for reaching such information. While more and more European cities deploy urban environmental observatories, the ceaseless rising number of citizens equipped with both a geographical positioning system and environmental sensors through their smartphones legitimates the design of outsourced systems that promote citizen participatory sensing. In this context, the OnoM@p system aims at offering a framework for capitalizing on crowd noise data recorded by inexperienced individuals by means of an especially designed mobile phone application. The system fully rests upon open source tools and interoperability standards defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium. Moreover, the implementation of the Spatial Data Infrastructure principle enables to break up as services the various business modules for acquiring, analysing and mapping sound levels. The proposed architecture rests on outsourced processes able to filter outlier sensors and untrustworthy data, to cross- reference geolocalised noise measurements with both geographical and statistical data in order to provide higherlevel indicators, and to map the collected and processed data based on web services.

Published
2016

27. How does γ-irradiation affect the properties of a microfiltration membrane constituted of two polymers with different radiolytic behavior?

Author

Laurent Bonneviot, Belén Albela, Daniel Portinha, Jean-Yves Sanchez, Nicolas Fortin, Etienne Fleury, Sophie Rouif, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires (IMP-LMM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie - UMR5182 (LC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Organic membrane, Mechanical properties, 02 engineering and technology, Poly(vinylidene fluoride), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Electron spin resonance, Polymer chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Porosity, Inert gas, chemistry.chemical_classification, Radiation, γ-irradiation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Microporous material, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polyamide-66, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Membrane, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Permeability (electromagnetism), Radiolysis, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The objective of this work is to present the behavior of a fluorinated microporous membrane composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) mechanically reinforced by a polyamide-66 (PA-66) fabric under γ-irradiation with dose ranging between 0 and 100 kGy, in inert atmosphere and at room temperature. Particular attention was paid to the evolution of mechanical properties, the surface morphology and pores size distribution of this membrane, in order to study the filtration capacity and selectivity with increasing radiation dose. Moreover, the repartition of the generated radicals onto the two components of the membrane was achieved by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Two different regimes are observed depending on the dose range, and a correlation between the mechanical behavior of the membrane and the evolution of the concentration of the radicals in the PA fabric is observed. Globally, the porosity of the surface membrane does not vary whatever the dose may be, but the mechanical properties of the membrane as well as the permeability are strongly affected, even for low radiation dose such as 10 kGy. These results are related to chain scissions on the PA fabric, which occurred preferentially, compared to cross-linking, in the investigated dose range.

Published
2012

28. Glucose monitoring using a polymer brush modified polypropylene hollow fiber-based hydraulic flow sensor

Author

Harm-Anton Klok and Nicolas Fortin

Subjects
Silicon, Materials science, Surface Properties, phenylboronic acid, Polymer brush, polymer brushes, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Polypropylenes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymethacrylic Acids, Polymer chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, General Materials Science, Fiber, Phenylboronic acid, glucose sensor, chemistry.chemical_classification, Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, Quartz crystal microbalance, Polymer, Electrochemical Techniques, Boronic Acids, Glucose binding, Glucose, Methacrylic acid, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques, hydraulic permeability, Porosity
Abstract

Tight regulation of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients requires durable and robust continuous glucose sensing schemes. This manuscript reports the fabrication of ultrathin, phenylboronic acid (PBA) functionalized polymer brushes that swell upon glucose binding and which were integrated as the sensing interface in a new polypropylene hollow fiber (PPHF)-based hydraulic flow glucose sensor prototype. The polymer brushes were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of sodium methacrylate followed by postpolymerization modification with 3-aminophenyl boronic acid. In a first series of experiments, the glucose-response of PBA-functionalized poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes grafted from planar silicon surfaces was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. The QCM-D experiments revealed a more or less linear change of the frequency shift for glucose concentrations up to similar to 10 mM and demonstrated that glucose binding was completely reversible for up to seven switching cycles. The AFM experiments indicated that glucose binding was accompanied by an increase in the film thickness of the PBA functionalized PMAA brushes. The PBA functionalized PMAA brushes were subsequently grafted from the surface of PPHF membranes. The hydraulic permeability of these porous fibers depends on the thickness and swelling of the PMAA brush coating. PBA functionalized brush-coated PPHFs showed a decrease in flux upon exposure to glucose, which is consistent with swelling of the brush coating. Because they avoid the use of enzymes and do not rely on an electrochemical transduction scheme, these PPHF-based hydraulic flow sensors could represent an interesting alternative class of continuous glucose sensors.

Published
2015

29. Accounting for the effect of diffuse reflections and fittings within street canyons, on the sound propagation predicted by ray tracing codes

Author

Arnaud Can, Nicolas Fortin, Judicaël Picaut, Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale (IFSTTAR/AME/LAE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), and Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, Diffusion (acoustics), Critical distance, REFLEXION DIFFUSE, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Point source, Acoustics, Sound particle, PROPAGATION, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, 0103 physical sciences, Sound pressure, 010301 acoustics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], business.industry, TRACAGE, SON, Ray tracing (physics), ANALYSE DE REGRESSION, PROPAGATION DU SON, ACOUSTIQUE, REFLEXION, business, Sound speed gradient, Acoustic attenuation
Abstract

Diffusion on building facades and fittings within a street can significantly affect sound propagation in urban areas. These phenomena are however not reproduced by the widespread outdoor sound propagation models that are based on ray codes algorithms, because their modeling would induce increased computational costs. In this paper, a set of 32 175 simulations is achieved with a sound particle tracing code to quantify the errors made when neglecting acoustic diffusion within street canyons, according to the street geometry (width, height, distance between the point source and the receiver), the acoustical properties of the street (diffusion and absorption coefficient of the facades, absorption coefficient of the ground), and the acoustical properties of the fittings (mean free path and average absorption coefficient), in the case of a receiver height of 1.5 m. The diffuse reflections can lead to reduction of 2 dB to an increase of 4 dB of sound pressure levels in the absence of fittings, and can lead to an increase of 10 dB of sound pressure levels in the presence of fittings, for the most unfavorable configurations. The influence of the acoustical parameters and the influence of the street geometry on sound attenuation are closely linked to each other. Moreover, acoustic diffusion results in an overall sound level increase if one considers a linear point source distribution. Finally, regressions are proposed that estimate the impact of diffusive reflections and street fittings on sound propagation as a function of the input parameters. These regressions can now be advantageously used to refine sound levels estimations within street canyons, when using classical outdoor sound propagation models, in the range of the parameters tested.

Published
2015

30. A German-French acoustic road pavement database: DEUFRABASE latest version

Author

Michel Berengier, Judicaël Picaut, Antoine Beguere, Marie-Agnès Pallas, and Nicolas Fortin

Subjects
German, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Database, Computer science, language, Single vehicle, computer.software_genre, computer, language.human_language, Acoustic attenuation
Abstract

The aim of this database developed during two DEUFRAKO (German/French cooperation) projects is to provide a tool to predict in a large number of predefined situations, the impact of road pavements on Lden estimation for realistic configurations in terms of geometry, traffic composition and propagation effects. The method implemented is based on (i) the standardized light and heavy vehicles LAmax measured according to ISO pass-by method, (ii) on the relationship between this LAmax and the single vehicle LAeq calculated on a 1-hour time period, (iii) on the excess sound attenuation between two receivers, one located in the road vicinity (7.50 m-1.20 m) and the other in farfield and (iv), on an average daily traffic distribution. In 2008, a first version of the database was implemented and uploaded on the German partner’s website. More recently, the database structure has been redesigned to easily add new configurations of topography, traffic and pavements. New indicators, representative for instance of urba...

Published
2017

31. Noise mapping based on participative measurements with a smartphone

Author

Nicolas Fortin, Gwenaël Guillaume, Gwendall Petit, Benoit Gauvreau, Erwan Bocher, Arnaud Can, Pierre Aumond, Sylvain Palominos, Judicaël Picaut, Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale (IFSTTAR/AME/LAE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Lab-STICC_CNRS_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Acoustical Society of America through AIP Publishing LLC, ANR-16-CE22-0012,CENSE,Caractérisation des environnements sonores urbains : vers une approche globale associant données libres, mesures et modélisations(2016), Laboratoire d'Acoustique Environnementale ( IFSTTAR/AME/LAE ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) ( Lab-STICC ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale ( UMRAE ), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement ( Cerema )

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, Data management, Population, Noise propagation, Context (language use), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Acoustic noise generation, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 0103 physical sciences, education, Environmental noise, 010301 acoustics, 010302 applied physics, education.field_of_study, business.industry, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Time measurement, Interoperability, Data science, Noise, 13. Climate action, Key (cryptography), Data mining, business, computer
Abstract

International audience; Because noise is a major pollution leading to non-negligible socio-economical impacts, many national regulations aim at reducing the population noise exposure. Within the context of the European directive 2002/49/EC, a special attention is paid to the evaluation of the existing noise environment. Nowadays, this assessment is addressed based on simulated noise maps, which however present some limitations due to the simplification of noise generation and propagation phenomena. Smartphone participative measurements are alternatively being developed, offering the high temporal and spatial granularities recommended by the EU directive. However, the existing approaches often lack a quantification of the produced noise maps accuracy, and are rarely user-oriented. In this context, within the framework of the EU project ENERGIC-OD, a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI “OnoMap”) has been developed to manage smartphones measurements using a dedicated Android application (“NoiseCapture”) and to produce relevant noise maps. In the present communication, this infrastructure is detailed, with a specific attention to the following major key points: data management and qualification from its production to its dissemination, use of standards for data interoperability, optimization of noise measurements, production of 24h noise maps based on measurements distributed over a day, integration of a confidence index on the produced data.

Published
2017

33. Environmental impact assessment of urban mobility plan : a methodology including socio-economic consequences

Author

Jacques Fialaire, Thomas Leduc, Gwendall Petit, Sylvie Leveaux, Valérie Lépicier, Bernard Bourges, Julie Bulteau, Arnaud Rebours, Nicolas Fortin, Abdelhamid Abidi, Jean–Sébastien Broc, Patricia Herbez, Anne Freneau, Patrice G. Mestayer, Nathalie Gourlot, Pierre Yves Fadet, Guillaume Faburel, Jacques Bougnol, Dorothée Brécard, Mireille Chiron, Robert Joumard, Judicaël Picaut, Yannick Le Pen, Michel André, Jean–Pierre Orfeuil, Frédéric Penven, Bernard Fritsch, Erwan Bocher, Laboratoire de mécanique des fluides (LMF), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Infrastructures et Mobilité (LCPC/IM), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Droit et changement social (DCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Transport et Environnement (INRETS/LTE), Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville (IRSTV), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Techniques de l'Equipement de l'Ouest, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique (LEMNA), FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'études techniques de l'équipement Ouest (CETE Ouest), Avant création Cerema, Centre de recherche méthodologique d'architecture (CERMA), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Air Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Ambiances architecturales et urbaines (AAU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Département Aménagement, Mobilités et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-Communauté Université Paris-Est-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Espaces Géographiques et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Sébastien Rauch, Gregory M. Morrison, ANR-08-VILL-0005,Eval-PDU,Évaluation des impacts environnementaux d'un PDU et de leurs conséquences socio-économiques : développements méthodologiques et tests sur le PDU de Nantes Métropole(2008), Cadic, Ifsttar, Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Engineering, PLAN, DEPLACEMENT URBAIN, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sample (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), EVALUATION, 11. Sustainability, Environmental impact assessment, IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL, Emission inventory, Air quality index, business.industry, Déplacement urbain, Environmental resource management, 021107 urban & regional planning, Energy consumption, Environmental economics, MODELISATION, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Econometric model, 13. Climate action, Modélisation, Greenhouse gas, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, business
Abstract

International audience; The project objective is to develop an optimized methodology to assess the environmental impacts of urban mobility plans (UMP, in French PDU), taking into account their social and economic consequences. The main proposed methodology is based on a systemic approach: multi factor (air quality, noise, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission) numerical simulations with a chain of physically-based models, based on alternative and comparative scenarios. The social and economic consequences of these alternative simulations are assessed by means of econometric models. Two alternative approaches are explored: (i) the use of composite environmental indicators to correlate the sources to the impacts, especially health impacts, and (ii) the analysis of sample surveys on what makes inhabitants’ quality of life, well-being and territorial satisfaction and on citizens’ behavioral changes linked to transport offer changes.

Published
2010

34. Urban mobility plan environmental impacts assessment: a methodology including socio-economic consequences - The Eval-PDU project

Author

Mestayer, P., Abdelhamid Abidi, Michel André, Erwan Bocher, Jacques Bougnol, Bernard Bourges, Dorothée Brécard, Jean-Sébastien Broc, Julie Bulteau, Mireille Chiron, Pierre-Yves Fadet, Guillaume Faburel, Jacques Fialaire, Nicolas Fortin, Annie Freneau, Bernard Fritsch, Nathalie Gourlot, Patricia Herbez, Robert Joumard, Thomas Leduc, Yannick Le Pen, Valérie Lépicier, Sylvie Leveaux, Jean-Pierre Orfeuil, Frédéric Penven, Gwendall Petit, Judicaël Picaut, Arnaud Rebours, Laboratoire de mécanique des fluides (LMF), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Droit et changement social (DCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville (IRSTV), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Transport et Environnement (INRETS/LTE), Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), CETE de l'OUEST, CETE de l'Ouest, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique (LEMNA), FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (INRETS), Centre de recherche Espace, Transport, Environnement et Institutions locales (CRETEIL), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre d'études techniques de l'équipement Ouest (CETE Ouest), Avant création Cerema, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CETE de l(OUEST, Centre de Recherche en Méthodologie d'Architecture (UMR CNRS 1563), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'urbanisme de Paris (IUP), Air pays de Loire, Ville de Nantes, Division Entretien, Sécurité et Acoustique des Routes (LCPC/ESAR), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Cadic, Ifsttar, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques (UFR DSP), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre de recherche méthodologique d'architecture (CERMA), Ambiances architecturales et urbaines (AAU), and École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Plan de déplacement urbain, Mobilité, MOBILITE, PLAN DE DEPLACEMENT URBAIN, QUALITE DE VIE, Qualité de vie, SOCIO-ECONOMIE DES TRANSPORTS, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ENVIRONNEMENT, Socio-économie des transports, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; The project objective is to develop an optimized methodology to assess the environmental impacts of urban mobility plans (UMP, in French PDU), taking into account their social and economic consequences. The main proposed methodology is based on a systemic approach: multi-factor (air quality, noise, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission) numerical simulations with a chain of physically-based models, based on alternative and comparative scenarios. The social and economic consequences of these alternative simulations are assessed by means of econometric models. Two alternative approaches are explored: (i) the use of composite environmental indicators to correlate the sources to the impacts, especially health impacts, and (ii) the analysis of sample surveys on what makes inhabitants' quality of life, well-being and territorial satisfaction and on citizens' behavioral changes linked to transport offer changes.

Published
2010

35. Conception d'outils logiciels d'aide à la décision appliqués au cycle de vie des anodes d'une aluminerie

Author

Nicolas Fortin

Abstract

Les decideurs d'aujourd'hui sont constamment confrontes a des problematiques semistructurees, pour lesquelles il n'existe aucune methode de resolution reconnue. A ce titre, la modelisation et simulation de systemes est frequemment utilisee pour supporter les gestionnaires. Les modeles issus de cette methode, s'averent des outils d'aide a la decision, puisqu'ils permettent de simuler des scenarios de production alternatifs. L'objectif principal de ce travail de recherche est de demontrer comment modeliser et simuler efficacement un systeme industriel, dont le fonctionnement repose sur des connaissances de natures diverses. Pour ce faire, nous allons mettre a profit des methodes d'intelligence artificielles, notamment les systemes experts, afin de representer cette connaissance. Dans un premier temps, la demarche empruntee consiste a effectuer une revue de la litterature, en expliquant entre autre, le lien entre des concepts tels la modelisation, simulation et la prise de decision. Nous discutons egalement de l'intelligence artificielle, plus particulierement, du role et du fonctionnement de coquilles de developpements de systemes experts basees sur l'algorithme de Rete et ce, dans un contexte de support a la decision. Ensuite, nous appliquons notre methode a un systeme industriel reel, a savoir le cycle de vie des anodes d'une aluminerie. Nous discutons des forces et faiblesses de notre approche. Il est notamment question de l'integration de la coquille de systeme expert Jess au sein du modele. Nous decrivons aussi le type de probleme qui convient d'avantage a notre approche. Finalement, nous effectuons la validation du modele, afin de demontrer que notre methode s'avere viable. Nous realisons aussi quelques experiences a partir de scenarios de production alternatifs. Nous discutons de l'impact de ces scenarios sur certaines mesures de performance du systeme.

Published
2008

36. An Overview of Public Consultation Mechanisms Developed to Address the Ethical and Social Issues Raised by Biotechnology

Author

Marie Hirtle, Thérèse Leroux, and Louis-Nicolas Fortin

Subjects
Order (exchange), business.industry, Process (engineering), Political science, Consensus conference, Commercial law, Public consultation, Public relations, Social issues, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

Biotechnology, whether applied to plants, animals, or humans is a rapidly expanding industry. Citizens, often organized in groups or organizations, wish to express their views and even to participate in the decision-making process that authorized to the marketing of new biotechnology derived products. In order to allow participation of the public in the debate on the ethical and social issues raised by biotechnology, it is important to select appropriate consultation mechanisms. Much may be learned from the experiences and mechanisms used in various countries.

Published
1998

37. Biodegradable Polycarbonate-b-polypeptide and Polyester-b-polypeptide Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Nanoparticle Formation Towards Biomaterials.

Author

Maude Le Hellaye, Nicolas Fortin, Julien Guilloteau, Alain Soum, Sebastien Lecommandoux, and Sophie M. Guillaume

Subjects
*RING-opening polymerization, *CHEMICAL reactions, *PROTEIN crosslinking, *COPOLYMERS
Abstract

The amino poly(trimethylene carbonate)-NH t-Boc (PTMC-NH t-Boc) and poly(ε-caprolactone)-NH t-Boc (PCL-NH t-Boc) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of TMC or CL and subsequently deprotected into the corresponding PTMC-NH 2and PCL-NH 2. These functional homopolymers were used as macroinitiators for the ROP of γ-benzyl- l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (BLG), consequently, giving the respective diblock copolymers PTMC- b-PBLG and PCL- b-PBLG in almost quantitative yields. The (co)polymers have been characterized by NMR and SEC analyses. DSC and IR studies confirmed the block structure of the copolymers and highlighted a phase separation between the rigid peptide (α-helix conformation) and the more flexible polyester segments. The self-assembly and the degradation behaviors of the copolymers depended on the nature of the polyester block and on the copolymer composition. Nanoparticles obtained from PBLG block copolymers were twice smaller ( RH< 100 nm) than those formed from PTMC and PCL homopolymers. Finally, their enzymatic degradation revealed that PTMC nanoparticles degraded faster than those made of PCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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38. Impact of whole wheat flour and its milling fractions on the cecal fermentations and the plasma and liver lipids in rats.

Author

Adam A, Lopez HW, Tressol JC, Leuillet M, Demigné C, and Rémésy C

Subjects
Animals, Cecum microbiology, Cholesterol blood, Fermentation, Flour, Liver metabolism, Male, Particle Size, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Anticholesteremic Agents therapeutic use, Cecum metabolism, Food Handling methods, Hypercholesterolemia diet therapy, Lipid Metabolism, Triticum chemistry
Abstract

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering potency of the different milling fractions of whole wheat flour, by investigating the effects of these wheat fractions (white flour, whole flour, and bran) on digestive fermentations and lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Compared to the control, which was fiber-free, the different cereal fractions did not affect the daily food intake or weight gain. The white flour and whole flour diets markedly enlarged the cecum and elicited acidic fermentations (pH approximately 6.2), whereas bran was less effective. It appears that white flour rather promoted propionate-rich fermentations (+62%), whereas bran favored butyrate-rich fermentations (+178%). White flour or bran did not significantly affect total steroid excretion, but whole flour was effective (+41%). Both white flour and whole flour decreased cholesterol in the d < 1.040 fraction, but only whole flour significantly lowered cholesterolemia. However, all the cereal diets significantly decreased liver lipids, whole flour being the most potent (-54%). In conclusion, the totality of the wheat grain is important for cholesterol- and triglyceride-lowering effects, and the splitting up of the grain alters its health effects.

Published
2002
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39. [Multiple jejunal strictures caused by gastric heterotopia].

Author

Houissa-Vuong S, Martin B, Lascar G, and Vuong PN

Subjects
Abdominal Pain etiology, Adult, Biopsy, Choristoma pathology, Chronic Disease, Colonic Diseases, Functional pathology, Constriction, Pathologic, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Jejunal Diseases pathology, Male, Choristoma complications, Choristoma surgery, Colonic Diseases, Functional complications, Colonic Diseases, Functional surgery, Jejunal Diseases complications, Jejunal Diseases surgery, Stomach
Abstract

A case of gastric heterotopia was discovered incidentally on a jejunal resection specimen in a 42-year-old patient operated for Koenig's syndrome present for 10 years. This anomaly was responsible for seven chronic ulcers with strictures at multiple levels. Gastric heterotopia, especially in the jejunum, is a rare anomaly, except in intestinal duplications and Meckel's diverticulum. The various complications are a direct result of the activity of the gastric glands: hemorrhage, Helicobacter pylori enteritis, perforation, chronic ulcer and obstructive syndrome; malignant adenocarcinomatous degeneration has also been reported.

Published
2001
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