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1. Can We Commit Future Managers to Honesty?

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Julie Rosaz, and Jason F. Shogren
Subjects: commitment, lying, In-group bias, managers, honesty, Oath, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: In a competitive business environment, dishonesty can pay. Self-interested executives and managers can have incentive to shade the truth for personal gain. In response, the business community has considered how to commit these executives and managers to a higher ethical standard. The MBA Oath and the Dutch Bankers Oath are examples of such a commitment device. The question we test herein is whether the oath can be used as an effective form of ethics management for future executives/managers—who for our experiment we recruited from a leading French business school—by actually improving their honesty. Using a classic Sender-Receiver strategic game experiment, we reinforce professional identity by pre-selecting the group to which Receivers belong. This allows us to determine whether taking the oath deters lying among future managers. Our results suggest “yes and no.” We observe that these future executives/managers who took a solemn honesty oath as a Sender were (a) significantly more likely to tell the truth when the lie was detrimental to the Receiver, but (b) were not more likely to tell the truth when the lie was mutually beneficial to both the Sender and Receiver. A joint product of our design is our ability to measure in-group bias in lying behavior in our population of subjects (comparing behavior of subjects in the same and different business schools). The experiment provides clear evidence of a lack of such bias.
Published: 2021
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2. How laws affect the perception of norms: Empirical evidence from the lockdown.

Author: Roberto Galbiati, Emeric Henry, Nicolas Jacquemet, and Max Lobeck
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Laws not only affect behavior due to changes in material payoffs, but they may also change the perception individuals have of social norms, either by shifting them directly or by providing information on these norms. Using detailed daily survey data and exploiting the introduction of lockdown measures in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis, we provide causal evidence that the law drastically changed the perception of the norms regarding social distancing behaviors. We show that this effect of laws on perceived norms is mostly driven by an informational channel and that the intervention made perceptions of social norms converge to the actual prevalent norm.
Published: 2021
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3. Correction: Do truth-telling oaths improve honesty in crowd-working?

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Alexander G James, Stéphane Luchini, James J Murphy, and Jason F Shogren
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244958.].
Published: 2021
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4. Do truth-telling oaths improve honesty in crowd-working?

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Alexander G James, Stéphane Luchini, James J Murphy, and Jason F Shogren
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: This study explores whether an oath to honesty can reduce both shirking and lying among crowd-sourced internet workers. Using a classic coin-flip experiment, we first confirm that a substantial majority of Mechanical Turk workers both shirk and lie when reporting the number of heads flipped. We then demonstrate that lying can be reduced by first asking each worker to swear voluntarily on his or her honor to tell the truth in subsequent economic decisions. Even in this online, purely anonymous environment, the oath significantly reduced the percent of subjects telling "big" lies (by roughly 27%), but did not affect shirking. We also explore whether a truth-telling oath can be used as a screening device if implemented after decisions have been made. Conditional on flipping response, MTurk shirkers and workers who lied were significantly less likely to agree to an ex-post honesty oath. Our results suggest oaths may help elicit more truthful behavior, even in online crowd-sourced environments.
Published: 2021
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5. Fluid intelligence and cognitive reflection in a strategic environment: evidence from dominance-solvable games

Author: Nobuyuki HANAKI, Nicolas Jacquemet, Stephane Luchini, and Adam Zylbersztejn
Subjects: experiment, cognitive skills, CRT, Dominance solvability, Raven's test, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: Dominance solvability is one of the most straightforward solution concepts in game theory. It is based on two principles: dominance (according to which players always use their dominant strategy) and iterated dominance (according to which players always act as if others apply the principle of dominance). However, existing experimental evidence questions the empirical accuracy of dominance solvability. In this study, we study the relationships between the key facets of dominance solvability and two cognitive skills, cognitive reflection and fluid intelligence. We provide evidence that the behaviors in accordance with dominance and one-step iterated dominance are both predicted by one's fluid intelligence rather than cognitive reflection. Individual cognitive skills, however, only explain a small fraction of the observed failure of dominance solvability. The accuracy of theoretical predictions on strategic decision making thus not only depends on individual cognitive characteristics, but also, perhaps more importantly, on the decision making environment itself.
Published: 2016
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6. Commitment to the truth creates trust in market exchange: Experimental evidence.

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Jason F. Shogren, and Adam Zylbersztejn
Published: 2024
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7. Truth Telling Under Oath.

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Julie Rosaz, and Jason F. Shogren
Published: 2019
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8. Using or hiding private information? An experimental study of zero-sum repeated games with incomplete information.

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet and Frédéric Koessler
Published: 2013
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9. Leveraging the Honor Code : Public Goods Contributions under Oath

Author: Jérôme Hergueux, Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Jason F. Shogren, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-GESS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Wyoming (UW), Attractivity grant (University of Strasbourg), Chair 'Économie Publique et Développement Durable' (Aix-Marseille University), ANR-17-EURE-0001,PGSE,Ecole d'Economie de Paris(2017), ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0020,AMSE (EUR),Aix-Marseille School of Economics(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Departement of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, WorkingPublic good game, 05 social sciences, Truth Keywords: Public good game, Reciprocity, Social Preference, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Truth-telling oath, Cooperation, 0502 economics and business, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C72 - Noncooperative Games, 050207 economics, Social preferences, 050205 econometrics, Public goods
Abstract: International audience; Public good games are at the core of many environmental challenges. In such social dilemmas, a large share of people endorse the norm of reciprocity. A growing literature complements this finding with the observation that many players exhibit a self-serving bias in reciprocation: “weak reciprocators” increase their contributions as a function of the effort level of the other players, but less than proportionally. In this paper, we build upon a growing literature on truth-telling to argue that weak reciprocity might be best conceived not as a preference, but rather as a symptom of an internal trade-off at the player level between (i) the truthful revelation of their private reciprocal preference, and (ii) the economic incentives they face (which foster free-riding). In truth-telling experiments, many players misrepresent private information when this is to their material benefit, but to a significantly lesser extent than what would be expected based on the profit-maximizing strategy. We apply this behavioral insight to strategic situations, and test whether the preference revelation properties of the classic voluntary contribution game can be improved by offering players the possibility to sign a classic truth-telling oath. Our results suggest that the honesty oath helps increase cooperation (by 33% in our experiment). Subjects under oath contribute in a way which is more consistent with (i) the contribution they expect from the other players and (ii) their normative views about the right contribution level. As a result, the distribution of social types elicited under oath differs from the one observed in the baseline: some free-riders, and many weak reciprocators, now behave as pure reciprocators.
Published: 2022
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10. How Laws Affect the Perception of Norms: Empirical Evidence from the Lockdown

Author: Emeric Henry, Nicolas Jacquemet, Max Lobeck, Roberto Galbiati, Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Viral Diseases, Social Sciences, Surveys, Social Policy, expressive function, Social Distancing, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Governments, Medical Conditions, Law Enforcement, Theoretical Ecology, Sociology, 050602 political science & public administration, Social Norms, Medicine and Health Sciences, misperception, 050207 economics, Empirical evidence, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Social distance, I12, 05 social sciences, Law enforcement, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0506 political science, Infectious Diseases, Research Design, Quarantine, Medicine, Psychology, Research Article, Infectious Disease Control, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Political Science, Context (language use), Public Policy, K1, Affect (psychology), Research and Analysis Methods, Perception, 0502 economics and business, ddc:330, Humans, Social Behavior, Survey Research, SARS-CoV-2, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, COVID-19, Covid 19, United Kingdom, Law, I18 laws, Survey data collection, Law and Legal Sciences, Norm (social), Criminal Justice System, norms
Abstract: International audience; Laws not only affect behavior due to changes in material payoffs, but they may also change the perception individuals have of social norms, either by shifting them directly or by providing information on these norms. Using detailed daily survey data and exploiting the introduction of lockdown measures in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis, we provide causal evidence that the law drastically changed the perception of the norms regarding social distancing behaviors. We show that this effect of laws on perceived norms is mostly driven by an informational channel and that the intervention made perceptions of social norms converge to the actual prevalent norm.
Published: 2021
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11. Does voting on tax fund destination imply a direct democracy effect?

Author: Antoine Malézieux, Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] (CEREN), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) (BSB), Financial support from the Conseil Régional de Lorraine, the Tax Administration Research Centre and theNational Research Agency (program Investissements d’Avenir, ANR-10–LABX-93-0 and ANR-17-EURE-0001), aregratefully acknowledged., ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), ANR-17-EURE-0001,PGSE,Ecole d'Economie de Paris(2017), Conseil Régional de Lorraine, Tax Administration Research Centre, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Direct democracy effect, media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Compliance (psychology), Tax revenue, Voting, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, 050207 economics, health care economics and organizations, 050205 econometrics, media_common, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue, Public economics, 05 social sciences, Direct democracy, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Preference, Democracy, Commitment, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, Business, Tax evasion game, Law, Finance, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
Abstract: International audience; Does giving taxpayers a voice over the destination of tax revenues lead to more honest income declarations? Previous experiments have shown that giving participants the opportunity to select the organization that receives their tax funds tends to increase tax compliance. The aim of this paper is to assess whether this increase in compliance is induced by the sole fact of giving subjects a choice—a “direct democracy effect”. To that aim, we ask participants to a tax evasion game to choose, in a collective or individual choice setting, between two very similar organizations which provide the same social (ecological) benefits. We elicit compliance for both organizations before the choice is made so as to control for the counter-factual compliance decision. We find that democracy does not increase compliance, and even observe a slight negative effect—in particular for women. Our results confirm the existence of a commitment effect of democracy, leading to favor more the selected organization when it was actively chosen. The commitment effect of democracy is however not enough to overcome the decrease in the level of compliance. Thanks to response times data, we show that prior choice on similar options as compared to a purely random selection weakens the preference for honesty. One important field application of our results is that democracy in tax spending must offer real choices to tax payers to improve compliance.
Published: 2021
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12. Labour supply, service intensity, and contracts: Theory and evidence on physicians

Author: Bruce Shearer, Bernard Fortin, Nicolas Jacquemet, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Service Intensity, Labour Supply, 0502 economics and business, Remuneration, Economics, Salary, Discrete Choice Models, 050207 economics, media_common, Service (business), Discrete choice, 050208 finance, 05 social sciences, Mixed Remuneration Contract, Practice Patterns of Physicians, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 3. Good health, Fee-for-Service Contract, Incentive, Labour supply, 8. Economic growth, Welfare, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Panel data
Abstract: International audience; Based on linked administrative and survey panel data, we analyze the labour supply behaviour of physicians who could adopt either a standard fee-for-service contract or a mixed remuneration (MR) contract. Under MR, physicians received a per diem and a reduced fee for services provided. We present estimates of a structural discrete choice model that incorporates service intensity (services provided per hour) and contract choice into a labour supply framework. We use our estimates to predict (ex ante) the effects of contracts on physician behaviour and welfare, as measured by average equivalent variations. The supply of services is reduced under a MR contract, suggesting incentives matter. Hours spent seeing patients is less sensitive to incentives than the supply of services. Our results suggest that a reform forcing all physicians to adopt the MR system would have substantially larger effects on physician behaviour than were measured under the observed reform. A pure salary (per diem) reform would sharply reduce services but would increase time spent seeing patients.
Published: 2021
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13. Introduction

Author: Giuseppe Attanasi, Agnès Festré, and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: Honesty, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychology, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Scientific misconduct, Humanities, media_common
Published: 2019
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14. Language skills and homophilous hiring discrimination: Evidence from gender and racially differentiated applications

Author: Anthony Edo, Constantine Yannelis, Nicolas Jacquemet, Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales (CEPII), Centre d'analyse stratégique, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Stanford University - Department of Economics, Stanford University, and We are grateful to the CEPREMAP for financial support. Nicolas Jacquemet acknowledges the Institut Universitaire de France for its support. Constantine Yannelis thanks the Alexander S. Onassis foundation for generous support.
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search, 050204 development studies, media_common.quotation_subject, Ethnic group, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J7 - Labor Discrimination/J.J7.J71 - Discrimination, Racism, Homophily, 0502 economics and business, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants • Non-labor Discrimination, 050207 economics, 10. No inequality, Association (psychology), Gender discrimination, media_common, 05 social sciences, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Test (assessment), Ethnic identification, Correspondence testing, 8. Economic growth, Psychology, Ethnic homophily, Inclusion (education), Social psychology, Statistical discrimination, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Racial discrimination
Abstract: This paper investigates the importance of ethnic homophily in the hiring discrimination process, and provides a novel test for statistical discrimination. Our evidence comes from a correspondence test performed in France, in which we use three different kinds of ethnic identification: French sounding names, North African sounding names, and "foreign" sounding names with no clear ethnic association. Within both male and female groups, we show that all non-French applicants are equally discriminated against when compared to French applicants. This indicates that racial discrimination in employment is directed against members of non-majority ethnic groups, and highlights the importance of favoritism for in-group members. Moreover we find direct evidence of homophily: recruiters with European names are more likely to call back French named applicants and female recruiters are more likely to call back women. The paper also directly tests for statistical discrimination by adding a signal related to language skill ability in all resumes sent to half the job offers. Although the signal inclusion significantly impacts the discrimination experienced by non-French females, it is much weaker for male minorities.
Published: 2019
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15. Lying and Shirking Under Oath v1

Author: James J. Murphy, Alexander James, Jason F. Shogren, Stéphane Luchini, and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: Oath, Honesty, media_common.quotation_subject, Honor, Experimental economics, Psychology, Social psychology, Lying, media_common
Abstract: This study explores whether an oath to honesty can reduce both shirking and lying among crowd-sourced internet workers. Using a classic coin-ip experiment, we rst show that a substantial majority of Mechanical Turk workers both shirk and lie when reporting the number of heads ipped. We then demonstrate lying can be reduced by rst asking each worker to swear voluntarily on his or her honor to tell the truth in subsequent economic decisions. The oath, however, did not reduce shirking as measured by time- at-coin-ip-task, although it did increase the time they spent answering a demographic survey. Conditional on response, MTurk shirkers and liars were less likely to agree to an ex post honesty oath. Our results suggest oaths may help elicit more truthful behavior in on-line crowd-sourced environments.
Published: 2020
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16. Who’ll stop lying under oath? Empirical evidence from tax evasion games

Author: Jason F. Shogren, Stéphane Luchini, Antoine Malézieux, Nicolas Jacquemet, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] (CEREN), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) (BSB), University of Wyoming (UW), University of Alaska-Anchorage, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung (WZB), Tax Administration Research Centre (TARC), Region Grand-Est, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tax Administration Research Centre, University of Exeter (TARC), The authors thank the Conseil Régional de Lorraine for its financial support., Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Exeter, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Declaration, oath, Tax evasion, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Compliance (psychology), honesty, Consistency (negotiation), JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H27 - Other Sources of Revenue, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Empirical evidence, 050205 econometrics, Law and economics, media_common, Commitment device, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance, Oath, 05 social sciences, commitment, part-time Lying, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Lying, Finance
Abstract: International audience; Using two earned income/tax declaration experimental designs we show that only partial liars are affected by a truth-telling oath, a non-price commitment device. Under oath, we see no change in the number of chronic liars and fewer partial liars. Rather than smoothly increasing their compliance, we also observe that partial liars who respond to the oath, respond by becoming fully honest under oath. Based on both response times data and the consistency of subjects when several compliance decisions are made in a row, we show that partial lying arises as the result of weak preferences towards profitable honesty. The oath only transforms people with weak preferences for lying into being committed to the truth.
Published: 2020
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17. Do truth-telling oaths improve honesty in crowd-working?

Author: Jason F. Shogren, James J. Murphy, Alexander James, Stéphane Luchini, Nicolas Jacquemet, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Alaska [Anchorage], Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wyoming (UW), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-17-EURE-0001,PGSE,Ecole d'Economie de Paris(2017)
Subjects: Male, Economics, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C93 - Field Experiments, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs/J.J3.J30 - General, Social Sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Surveys, Honesty, Cultural Anthropology, Time Measurement, Sociology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Psychology, 050207 economics, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, Oath, Measurement, Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Experimental economics, Middle Aged, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Religion, Research Design, Mechanical Turk, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Crowdsourcing, The Internet, Female, Affect (linguistics), Social psychology, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design, Research Article, Employment, Adult, Deception, Experimental Economics, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Equipment, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor/J.J2.J20 - General, Solemn Oath, Research and Analysis Methods, Truth Disclosure, 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, Codes of Ethics, 0502 economics and business, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Shirking, Aged, Communication Equipment, Behavior, Survey Research, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, Labor Markets, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J4 - Particular Labor Markets/J.J4.J40 - General, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice/D.D9.D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice • Life Cycle Models and Saving, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C90 - General, Honor, Labor Economics, Anthropology, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology • Computer Programs/C.C8.C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data • Data Access, Lying, Cell Phones, business
Abstract: International audience; This study explores whether an oath to honesty can reduce both shirking and lying among crowd-sourced internet workers. Using a classic coin-flip experiment, we first confirm that a substantial majority of Mechanical Turk workers both shirk and lie when reporting the number of heads flipped. We then demonstrate that lying can be reduced by first asking each worker to swear voluntarily on his or her honor to tell the truth in subsequent economic decisions. Even in this online, purely anonymous environment, the oath significantly reduced the percent of subjects telling “big” lies (by roughly 27%), but did not affect shirking. We also explore whether a truth-telling oath can be used as a screening device if implemented after decisions have been made. Conditional on flipping response, MTurk shirkers and workers who lied were significantly less likely to agree to an ex-post honesty oath. Our results suggest oaths may help elicit more truthful behavior, even in online crowd-sourced environments
Published: 2020
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18. Les enseignements de l'économie comportementale

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Antoine Malezieux, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] (CEREN), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) (BSB), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Laboratoire d'Expérimentation en Sciences Sociales et Analyse des Comportements (LESSAC)
Subjects: Aspect psychologique, Economie politique, Fraude fiscale, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Lutte contre
Abstract: International audience; L’évasion fiscale est un sujet qui se dérobe aux outils de l’analyse économique traditionnelle. D’une part, comme toute activité illégale, l’évasion fiscale échappe à l’observation du chercheur en même temps qu’elle se dissimule aux autorités : l’analyse empirique de son ampleur, de ses déterminants et de la manière dont différents dispositifs l’affectent est nécessairement très limitée. D’autre part, sur le plan théorique, l’application simple du calcul coût-bénéfice auquel est supposé se livrer le contribuable « rationnel » conduit à un paradoxe : contrairement à une idée largement répandue, les bénéfices de l’évasion fiscale sont tellement élevés, et le risque de sanction est tellement faible, que l’on peut s’étonner qu’elle soit aussi peu pratiquée dans l’ensemble des économies développées. Plutôt que l’évasion fiscale, c’est donc la « soumission fiscale » qui en constitue le pendant, la disposition à payer l’impôt, qu’il convient d’expliquer pour en comprendre les déterminants.Le double défi que posent les décisions d’évasion fiscale à l’analyse économique n’a pu être relevé que très récemment, grâce à l’émergence, au cours des vingt dernières années, d’une nouvelle approche, l’économie comportementale, qui s’appuie sur la psychologie pour mieux comprendre les comportements économiques ; et, conjointement, d’une nouvelle méthode, l’économie expérimentale, qui permet d’étudier empiriquement les comportements économiques sur lesquels il est difficile de collecter des données convaincantes.Cet opuscule rend compte des résultats de ces travaux et présente un panorama des outils de politique fiscale qui s’en dégagent.
Published: 2020

19. Dynamic effects of enforcement on cooperation

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Emeric Henry, Roberto Galbiati, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: social values, Social Sciences, cooperation, Social value orientations, Laws, Affect (psychology), Experiment, persistence of institutions, 0502 economics and business, Indirect reciprocity, 050207 economics, Enforcement, 050205 econometrics, Prisoner's dilemma, learning, Multidisciplinary, Public economics, 05 social sciences, Institutional spillover, experiments, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, repeated games, Cooperation, Incentive, Work (electrical), Repeated game, spillovers, Business, Laboratory experiment
Abstract: International audience; In situations where social payoffs are not aligned with private incentives, enforcement with fines can be a way to sustain cooperation. In this paper we show, by the means of a lab experiment , that past fines can have an effect on current behavior even when no longer in force. We document two mechanisms: a) past fines affect directly individuals' future propensity to cooperate; b) when fines for non cooperation are in place in the past, individuals experience higher levels of cooperation from partners and, consistent with indirect reciprocity motives, are in turn nicer towards others once these fines have been removed. This second mechanism is empirically prevalent and, in contrast with the first, induces a snowball effect of past enforcement. Our results can inform the design of costly enforcement policies.
Published: 2018
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20. How Laws Affect the Perception of Norms: Empirical Evidence from the Lockdown

Author: Roberto Galbiati, Emeric Henry, Nicolas Jacquemet, and Max Lobeck
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Social distance, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, Law, Survey data collection, Context (language use), Empirical evidence, Affect (psychology), Psychology, Expressive function, media_common
Abstract: Laws not only affect behavior due to changes in material payoffs, but they may also change the perception individuals have of societal norms, either by shifting them directly or by providing information on these norms. Using detailed daily survey data and exploiting the introduction of lockdown measures in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 health crisis, we provide causal evidence that the law drastically changed the perception of the norms regarding social distancing behaviors. We show this effect of laws on perceived norms is mostly driven by an informational channel.
Published: 2020
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21. Causal Inference and Impact Evaluation

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Denis Fougère, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire sociologique du changement (OSC), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques [Sciences Po] (LIEPP), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), CEPR, Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This project is supported by the Agence nationale de la recherche (National Research Agency ‑ ANR) and the French Government under the LIEPP Labex, ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), Observatoire sociologique du changement (Sciences Po, CNRS) (OSC), and Laboratoire interdisciplinaire d'évaluation des politiques publiques (Sciences Po) (LIEPP)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science, Computer science, Impact evaluation, JEL Classification C1 - C2 - C3 - C54, causal effects, evaluation methods, causal inference, Causal effects, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), impact evaluation method, 0502 economics and business, Evaluation methods, False positive paradox, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C2 - Single Equation Models • Single Variables, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 05 social sciences, Causal effect, Statistical model, Replicate, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models • Multiple Variables, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Data science, Causal inference, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General, 050203 business & management, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C5 - Econometric Modeling/C.C5.C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
Abstract: This paper describes, in a non‑technical way, the main impact evaluation methods, both experimental and quasi‑experimental, and the statistical model underlying them. In the first part, we provide a brief survey of the papers making use of those methods that have been published by the journal Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics over the past fifteen years. In the second part, some of the most important methodological advances to have recently been put forward in this field of research are presented. To finish, we focus not only on the need to pay particular attention to the accuracy of the estimated effects, but also on the requirement to replicate evaluations, carried out by experimentation or quasi‑experimentation, in order to distinguish false positives from proven effects., Fougère Denis, Jacquemet Nicolas. Causal Inference and Impact Evaluation. In: Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, n°510-512, Special Issue 50th Anniversary. pp. 181-200.
Published: 2019
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22. Précis d'Économie Expérimentale

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Fabrice Le Lec, Olivier L'Haridon, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale (ANTHROPO-LAB), Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Malherbet Franck, Alquier Pierre, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Expérimentale (ANTHROPO LAB), Experiments, Technology, Human Interactions, Care & Society (ETHICS EA 7446), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Institut Catholique de Lille (ICL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Ce Précis propose un panorama des méthodes expérimentales utilisées en sciences économiques. Ces méthodes ont été développées afin d’observer les comportements adoptés par les « agents économiques » dans des situations qui répliquent celles auxquelles s’intéresse l’économiste ; mais dans un environnement contrôlé. Sur cette base, les outils présentés dans ce précis permettent de tester les prédictions et le contenu empirique de la théorie économique, de faire émerger de nouveaux faits stylisés sur le fonctionnement de situations mal comprises par la théorie, ou encore d’informer l’élaboration des politiques publiques. Cette large palette d’objectifs explique que ces méthodes soient devenues très courantes en économie appliquée, et que leur usage se soit diffusé au-delà de l’économie à des domaines tels que le marketing, la gestion ou encore le management.L’ouvrage présente un traitement détaillé des principaux outils disponibles pour mesurer différents aspects des comportements économiques : les décisions individuelles dans le certain et dans l’incertain, les choix intertemporels, les interactions stratégiques, les préférences sociales et les mécanismes d’allocation de ressources. L’ouvrage présente également les critères méthodologiques qui permettent d’évaluer la pertinence théorique et empirique des données récoltées à partir de ces outils.
Published: 2019

23. Referenda Under Oath

Author: Jason F. Shogren, Alexander James, Stéphane Luchini, Nicolas Jacquemet, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Departement of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming (UW), ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement Economy and Finance, University of Wyoming, and University of Oxford
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Dichotomous Choice Mechanism, Hypothetical bias, Oath, Preference revelation, Dichotomous Choice Mechanism,Hypothetical bias,Oath,Preference revelation, Voting, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, media_common, Law and economics, Valuation (finance), 05 social sciences, Public good, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics, Incentive compatibility, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Null hypothesis, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
Abstract: International audience; Herein we explore whether a solemn oath can eliminate hypothetical bias in a voting referenda, a popular elicitation mechanism promoted in non-market valuation exercises for its incentive compatibility properties. First, we reject the null hypothesis that a hypothetical bias does not exist. Second, we observe that people who sign an oath are significantly less likely to vote for the public good in a hypothetical referenda. We complement this evidence with a self-reported measure of honesty which confirms that the oath increases truthfulness in answers. This result opens interesting avenues for improving the elicitation of preferences in the lab and beyond.
Published: 2016
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24. A psychometric investigation of the personality traits underlying individual tax morale

Author: Stéphane Luchini, Antoine Malézieux, Nicolas Jacquemet, Jason F. Shogren, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter Business School, Departement Economy and Finance, University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming (UW), Conseil Régional de Lorraine, Conseil Regional de Lorraine, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Exeter
Subjects: psychometrics, Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, tax evasion, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Shame, 050109 social psychology, Context (language use), Empathy, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Compliance (psychology), 0502 economics and business, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050207 economics, Big Five personality traits, media_common, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance, 05 social sciences, Rational choice theory, morality, Morality, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Preference, personality traits, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents/H.H3.H31 - Household, Psychology, Social psychology, tax morale
Abstract: Why do people pay taxes? Rational choice theory has fallen short in answering this question. Another explanation, called “tax morale”, has been promoted. Tax morale captures the behavioral idea that non-monetary preferences (like norm-submission, moral emotions and moral judgments) might be better determinants of tax compliance than monetary trade-offs. Herein we report on two lab experiments designed to assess whether norm-submission, moral emotions (e.g. affective empathy, cognitive empathy, propensity to feel guilt and shame) or moral judgments (e.g. ethics principles, integrity, and moralization of everyday life) can help explain compliance behavior. Although we find statistically significant correlations of tax compliance behavior with empathy and shame, the economic significance of these correlations are low–—more than 80% of the variability in compliance remains unexplained. These results suggest that tax authorities should focus on the institutional context, rather than individual preference characteristics, to handle tax evasion.
Published: 2019
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25. Designing an Experiment: Internal-Validity Issues

Author: Olivier l'Haridon and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: Computer science, Internal validity, Reliability engineering
Published: 2018
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26. A Laboratory Experiment: Overview

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet and Olivier l'Haridon
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Systems engineering, Laboratory experiment, business
Published: 2018
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27. The Need for Experimental Methods in Economic Science

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet and Olivier l'Haridon
Subjects: Economic science, Management science, Economics, Experimental methods
Published: 2018
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28. The Econometrics of Experimental Data

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet and Olivier l'Haridon
Subjects: Econometrics, Experimental data, Mathematics
Published: 2018
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29. More Accurate Theory and Better Public Policies: the Contributions of Experimental Economics

Author: Olivier l'Haridon and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: Public economics, Economics, Public policy, Experimental economics
Published: 2018
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30. Conducting an Experiment

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet and Olivier l'Haridon
Published: 2018
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31. The External Validity of Experimental Results

Author: Olivier l'Haridon and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: External validity, Control theory, Mathematics
Published: 2018
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32. The Need for Controlled Experiments in Empirical Economics

Author: Olivier l'Haridon and Nicolas Jacquemet
Published: 2018
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33. Experimental Economics. Method and Applications

Author: Olivier L'Haridon, Nicolas Jacquemet, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030503 health policy & services, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Over the past two decades, experimental economics has moved from a fringe activity to become a standard tool for empirical research. With experimental economics now regarded as part of the basic tool-kit for applied economics, this book demonstrates how controlled experiments can be a useful in providing evidence relevant to economic research. Professors Jacquemet and L'Haridon take the standard model in applied econometrics as a basis to the methodology of controlled experiments. Methodological discussions are illustrated with standard experimental results. This book provides future experimental practitioners with the means to construct experiments that fit their research question, and new comers with an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of controlled experiments. Graduate students and academic researchers working in the field of experimental economics will be able to learn how to undertake, understand and criticise empirical research based on lab experiments, and refer to specific experiments, results or designs completed with case study applications.
Published: 2018
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34. Mise en place d'une expérience avec le grand public : entre recherche, vulgarisation et pédagogie

Author: Fabrice Le Lec, Eva Raiber, Marianne Lefebvre, Angela Sutan, Cesar Mantilla, Emmanuel Peterle, Jean-Christian Tisserand, Serge Blondel, Mélody Leplat, Francois Cochard, Astrid Hopfensitz, Cécile Bazart, Alexandrine Bornier, Julie Rosaz, Emmanuel Petit, Joëlle Brouard, Nicolas Jacquemet, Guillaume Péron, Marc Willinger, Youenn Loheac, Fabio Galeotti, Guillermo Mateu, Anne Rozan, Alexandre Flage, Mohamed Ali Bchir, Xavier Hollandts, Adam Zylbersztejn, Nathalie Chappe, Marie Claire Villeval, Mihaela Bonescu, Hayyan Alia, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brest business school (BBS), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) (BSB), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management (GRANEM), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kedge Business School (CRCGM et IFGE), Kedge Business School (Kedge BS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Économie Industrielle et Économie Comportementale, Centre de recherche en économie et management ( CREM ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -France Business School ( FBS ), France Business School-France Business School, Brest business school ( BBS ), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) ( BSB ), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée ( LAMETA ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg ( ENGEES ), Groupe de Recherche ANgevin en Economie et Management ( Granem ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique ( GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Kedge Business School ( CRCGM et IFGE ), Kedge Business School, Toulouse School of Economics ( TSE ), Toulouse School of Economics, Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne ( CES ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ), Université d'Angers ( UA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), and Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Event (relativity), 05 social sciences, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C93 - Field Experiments, Library science, 050109 social psychology, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 050105 experimental psychology, Replication (computing), expérience, Popular education, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A11 - Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists, JEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C93 - Field Experiments, pédagogie, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, JEL : A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A11 - Role of Economics • Role of Economists • Market for Economists, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, grand public, vulgarisation
Abstract: International audience; We present the implementation of an economic experiment conducted simultaneously in 11 French cities, with over 2700 participants, during four uninterrupted hours, during a popular-science event held in September 2015. Our goal is both to provide a roadmap for a possible replication and to discuss how the discipline can invest in new fields (science popularization, popular education, public communication).; Nous présentons la mise en place d'une expérience lors d'un évènement grand public national, de manière simultanée dans 11 villes françaises, en septembre 2015. L’expérience a impliqué plus de 2700 participants et a duré quatre heures ininterrompues. L’objectif de cet article est à la fois de fournir une feuille de route pour une éventuelle réplication et de penser à la manière dont la discipline peut investir des terrains nouveaux (vulgarisation, pédagogie populaire, communication grand public).
Published: 2017
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35. Développements récents de l'économie comportementale et expérimentale : Introduction

Author: Fabrice Le Lec, Nicolas Jacquemet, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050206 economic theory, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; La méthode expérimentale a profondément influencé les développements récents de la sciencé economique. L'utilisation d'expériences, et son caractère quasi-systématiquè a partir des années 1990, a permis de développer uné evaluation empiriquè a la fois des hypothèses sur lesquelles repose l'analyse théorique (par exemple : combien d'acteurs sont nécessaires nécessairesà donner du sensàsensà la notion d'atomicité, qui se traduit empiriquement par des agents qui se comportent comme preneurs de prix ? Quel horizon temporel réplique la notion de jeu infiniment répété, dont la conséquence essentielle est de rendre les décisions contemporaines indépendantes desévénementsdesévénements futurs ?), mais aussi des prédictions de modèles spécifiques (l'´ equilibre offre-demande sur un marché, la formation des prix et l'allocation d'un bien dans le cadre d'une enchère). L'´ economie expérimentale a ainsi mis enévidenceenévidence la pertinence et la validité de certaines approches théoriques, malgré des hypothèses souvent très fortes sur les comportements individuels et sociaux, mais aussi leurs limites dans un certain nombre d'autres situations. Les deux lauréats du " Prix Nobel d'´ economie " (ou Prix de la Banque deSù ede en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel) dont la distinction fut explicitement motivée par leurs contributions expérimentales, illustrent parfaitement cette tension : les travaux de Vernon Smith montrent que, pour certaines institutions d'´ echanges bien définies, les marchés fonctionnent demanì ere très cohérente avec la théorie de la concurrence pure et parfaite, alors même que la plupart des hypothèses sous-jacentesàjacentesà cette théorie sont, au mieux, modérément satisfaites. A contrario, Daniel Kahneman, co-lauréat la même année, reçoit le prix pour la mise enévidenceenévidence de biais cognitifs et d'une tendance des individusàindividusà s'´ ecarter des canons de la rationalité mis en avant dans les modèles microéconomiques. Sur la base de cette tension et en lien trèstrèsétroit avec l'´ economie expérimentale, s'est développé un nouveau champ de recherche, l'´ economie comportementale, dont l'objectif est d'enrichir et amender l'approche théorique des décisions individuelles et sociales sur la base de régularités psy-chologiques. Il s'agit d'incorporer aux modèles canoniques les motivations non-monétaires et les inclinations moinségo¨ıstesmoinségo¨moinségo¨ıstes des individus, ou les raccourcis cognitifs sur lesquels ils peuvent se fonder, pour prendre leurs décisions ou encore d'´ eventuelles incohérences de com-portement. Les résultats de l'´ economie expérimentale, du moins les plus robustes et les plus souvent répliqués, ne font plusgù ere l'objet de débat au sein de la discipline, et l'approche comportementale s'est quantàquantà elle progressivement diffuséè a tous les champs de l'analyséanalysé economique.
Published: 2017
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36. Spillovers, Persistence and Learning: Institutions and the Dynamics of Cooperation

Author: Roberto Galbiati, Emeric Henry, Nicolas Jacquemet, Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Persistence (psychology), Labour economics, social values, cooperation, Social value orientations, Affect (psychology), Laws, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D0 - General/D.D0.D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact, 0502 economics and business, persistence of institutions, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, JEL: P - Economic Systems/P.P1 - Capitalist Systems/P.P1.P16 - Political Economy, 050207 economics, Enforcement, JEL: K - Law and Economics/K.K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior/K.K4.K49 - Other, 050205 econometrics, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games • Evolutionary Games • Repeated Games, learning, 05 social sciences, JEL: Z - Other Special Topics/Z.Z1 - Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology, experiments, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, repeated games, Differential learning, Dynamics (music), Repeated game, spillovers, Business
Abstract: We study how cooperation-enforcing institutions dynamically affect values and behavior using a lab experiment designed to create individual specific histories of past institutional exposure. We show that the effect of past institutions is mostly due to " indirect " behavioral spillovers: facing penalties in the past increases partners' cooperation in the past, which in turn positively affects ones' own current behavior. We demonstrate that such indirect spillovers induce persistent effects of institutions. However, for interactions that occur early on, we find a negative effect of past enforcement due to differential learning under different enforcement institutions.
Published: 2017

37. Household labour supply and the marriage market in the UK, 1991-2008

Author: Jean-Marc Robin, Marion Goussé, Nicolas Jacquemet, Département d'Economique, Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'économie (Sciences Po) (ECON), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Economics, University College London, University College of London [London] (UCL), ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), European Project: 269693,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100407,WASP(2011), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Assortative matching, Wage, jel:D83, jel:C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C78 - Bargaining Theory • Matching Theory, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory/C.C7.C78 - Bargaining Theory • Matching Theory, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, Homophily, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J12 - Marriage • Marital Dissolution • Family Structure • Domestic Abuse, jel:J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J1 - Demographic Economics/J.J1.J12 - Marriage • Marital Dissolution • Family Structure • Domestic Abuse, jel:J22, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Marriage market, Production (economics), 050207 economics, Collective labour supply, 050205 econometrics, media_common, assortative matching, Sorting, 05 social sciences, Structural estimation, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor/J.J2.J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply, jel:C78, collective labour supply, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, jel:J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor/J.J2.J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply, British Household Panel Survey, Search-matching, jel:J12, Labour supply, jel:D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D83 - Search • Learning • Information and Knowledge • Communication • Belief • Unawareness, 8. Economic growth, Marital status, sorting, structural estimation
Abstract: International audience We document changes in labour supply, wage and education by gender and marital status using the British Household Panel Survey, 1991-2008, and seek to disentangle the main channels behind these changes. To this end, we use a version of Goussé, Jacquemet, and Robin (2016)'s search-matching model of the marriage market with labour supply, which does not use information on home production time inputs. We derive conditions under which the model is identified. We estimate different parameters for each year. This allows us to quantify how much of the changes in labour supply, wage and education by gender and marital status depends on changes in the preferences for leisure of men and women and how much depends on changes in homophily.
Published: 2017
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38. Engagement et incitations : comportements économiques sous serment

Author: Stéphane Luchini, Nicolas Jacquemet, Antoine Malézieux, Robert-Vincent Joule, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), ANR-10-LABX-0093/10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics - Labex Ouvrir la Science Economique(2011), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nicolas Jacquemet tient à remercier l'Institut Universitaire de France pour son soutien financier. Les auteurs remercient le Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur pour son soutien financier.
Subjects: Engagement, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Sous l’impulsion, notamment, de l’essor de l’économie expérimentale, la littérature récente a mis en évidence un large éventail de situations dans lesquelles les incitations monétaires échouent à orienter les comportements dans le sens désiré. Ce constat conduit à rechercher des mécanismes institutionnels alternatifs, capables de se substituer aux incitations monétaires. Cet article propose une revue des travaux s’inspirant de la psychologie sociale de l’engagement afin de développer des mécanismes non monétaires susceptibles d’affecter les comportements. Ces travaux étudient une procédure d’engagement particulière : un serment à dire la vérité. Cette procédure a été appliquée avec succès (1) au problème du biais hypothétique dans la révélation des préférences pour les biens non marchands, (2) aux défauts de coordination, et (3) à la propension à dire la vérité. Pris ensemble, ces travaux confirment la capacité de mécanismes d’engagement à guider l’élaboration d’institutions non monétaires capables d’orienter efficacement les comportements économiques.
Published: 2016
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39. 2. Discriminations à l'embauche : quelle ampleur, quelles solutions ?

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: 060201 languages & linguistics, 0602 languages and literature, 060301 applied ethics, 06 humanities and the arts, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion
Abstract: La discrimination a l’embauche est aujourd’hui bien comprise, grâce aux travaux qui en mesurent l’ampleur et les causes a partir d’envois controles de candidatures fictives. Ces resultats confirment que la discrimination constitue un handicap majeur pour les candidats issus de l’immigration : pres de 40 % de chances en moins d’etre convoques a un entretien d’embauche. Mais loin de refleter une simple defiance a l’egard des individus issus de l’immigration, ces discriminations s’expliquent aussi largement par la difficulte pour un employeur a anticiper les caracteristiques d’un candidat issu d’un groupe different du sien. Ces resultats ouvrent la voie a des nouveaux instruments de lutte contre les discriminations, qui consistent a ameliorer l’information disponible sur les competences du candidat.
Published: 2013
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40. L'apport de l'économie expérimentale dans l'élaboration des politiques publiques

Author: Samuel Ferey, Yannick Gabuthy, Nicolas Jacquemet, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) (CRESE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ce travail a bénéficié d'une aide de l'Etat gérée par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche au titre du programme ' Investissements d'avenir ' portant la référence ANR-10-LABX-93-01. This work was supported by the French National Research Agency, through the program Investissements d'Avenir, ANR-10--LABX-93-01., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée ( BETA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC ( CRESE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Paris School of Economics ( PSE ), and Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) (CRESE)
Subjects: Evaluation des politiques publiques,economie expérimentale,paternalisme libéral, economie expérimentale, Evaluation des politiques publiques, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, 050207 economics, paternalisme libéral, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 050205 econometrics, General Environmental Science
Abstract: National audience; La capacité des expériences en laboratoire à inspirer l'élaboration et l'évaluation des politiques publiques a été reconnue très tôt dans l'histoire de son développement (Roth, 1988). Ce n'est que très récemment, pourtant, que cette question a émergé avec force dans les discussions académiques, notamment sous l'impulsion des travaux consacrés au paternalisme libéral. Cette doctrine d'élaboration des politiques publiques s'attache à redéfinir les principes libéraux de choix libres et décentralisés à la lumière des développements de l'économie comportementale - qui identifient les limites cognitives des choix rationnels. Nous proposons une introduction et un survol de ce courant de pensée, ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'exemples des conclusions de politique publique sur lesquelles il débouche. Nous confrontons ces arguments et ces conclusions à ceux d'une seconde branche de la littérature, qui s'efforce de restaurer les conditions d'un choix libre et éclairé à travers le développement d'institutions qui permettent aux individus de dépasser ces limites cognitives ; et/ou d'identifier les sources institutionnelles de ces limites de la rationalité, de manière à en circonscrire les effets. Nous concluons cette présentation par une discussion des complémentarités entre ces deux approches qui, bien que diamétralement opposées, fournissent une grille de lecture des liens qu'entretiennent l'économie comportementale et l'élaboration des politiques publiques.
Published: 2013
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41. Économie expérimentale : comportements individuels, stratégiques et sociaux - Introduction

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Olivier l'Haridon, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050602 political science & public administration, Economie expérimentale, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0506 political science
Abstract: International audience; Les vingt-cinq dernières années ont vu se populariser un renouveau des méthodes empiriques dans de nombreux domaines de l'analyse économique. Parmi celles-ci une place de plus en plus importante a été accordée à l'emploi de méthodes expérimentales, notamment comme outil empirique privilégié d'étude des nouvelles perspectives offertes par l'économie comportementale. L'élargissement des méthodes empiriques qui a suivi ce mouvement, l'accumulation de nombre de résultats significatifs a conduit l'Actualité Economique à proposer un panorama de cette littérature, non seulement pour en présenter les prémisses et en tirer un bilan intermédiaire mais également pour en présenter les perspectives. Au sens strict, les méthodes d'économie expérimentale emploient les principes de la méthode expérimentale, inspirée des sciences naturelles, pour évaluer les prédictions des modèles économiques en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur les comportements individuels. Les piliers sur lesquels s'appuie cette méthode sont traditionnellement au nombre de trois. Le premier pilier est constitué par le contrôle de l'environnement dans lequel se font les choix individuels. Dans une expérience de laboratoire, le chercheur essayer de contrôler le plus possible le contexte dans lequel les agents économiques prennent leurs décisions, afin d'isoler l'effet d'un traitement particulier. Typiquement, la méthode expérimentale permet de spécifier de manière fine et précise les institutions d'échanges et la forme des interactions sociales, les modes de présentation des choix et les échelles de réponse afin de contrôler au mieux l'environnement de choix. Le deuxième pilier est le contrôle de l'assignation aléatoire des participants dans différents traitements. Ce deuxième pilier est fondamental pour l'identification des effets de traitements et l'évaluation empirique sous-jacente qui en est espérée. Le troisième pilier, le plus contesté, repose sur la présence d'incitations monétaires assurant que les choix effectués en laboratoire sont associés à de réelles conséquences économiques.
Published: 2016
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42. Armouring of well cement in H2S–CO2 saturated brine by calcite coating – Experiments and numerical modelling

Author: Vincent Lagneau, Jacques Pironon, Jérémie Saint-Marc, Nicolas Jacquemet, Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques (G2R), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF), and TOTAL FINA ELF
Subjects: Calcite, Cement, Water flow, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Carbonation, Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Porosimetry, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, chemistry.chemical_compound, Brine, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Caprock, Calcium silicate, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The active acid gas (H 2 S–CO 2 mixture) injection operations in North America provide practical experience for the operators in charge of industrial scale CO 2 geological storage sites. Potential leakage via wells and their environmental impacts make well construction durability an issue for efficiency/safety of gas geological storage. In such operations, the well cement is in contact with reservoir brines and the injected gas, meaning that gas–water–solid chemical reactions may change the physical properties of the cement and its ability to confine the gas downhole. The cement-forming Calcium silicate hydrates carbonation (by CO 2 ) and ferrite sulfidation (by H 2 S) reactions are expected. The main objective of this study is to determine their consequences on cement mineralogy and transfer ability. Fifteen and 60 days duration batch experiments were performed in which well cement bars were immersed in brine itself caped by a H 2 S–CO 2 phase at 500 bar–120 °C. Scanning electron microscopy including observations/analyses and elemental mapping, mineralogical mapping by micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and water porosimetry were used to characterize the aged cement. Speciation by micro-Raman spectroscopy of brine trapped within synthetic fluid inclusions were also performed. The expected calcium silicate hydrates carbonation and ferrite sulfidation reactions were evidenced. Furthermore, armouring of the cement through the fast creation of a non-porous calcite coating, global porosity decrease of the cement (clogging) and mineral assemblage conservation were demonstrated. The low W/R ratio of the experimental system (allowing the cement to buffer the interstitial and external solution pH at basic values) and mixed species diffusion and chemical reactions are proposed to explain these features. This interpretation is confirmed by reactive transport modelling performed with the HYTEC code. The observed cement armouring, clogging and mineral assemblage conservation suggest that the tested cement has improved transfer properties in the experimental conditions. This work suggests that in both acid gas and CO 2 geological storage, clogging of cement or at least mineral assemblage conservation and slowing of carbonation progress could occur in near-well zones where slight water flow occurs e.g. in the vicinity of caprock shales.
Published: 2012
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43. Marie Claire Villeval, lauréate du Prix de la Revue économique 2018

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract: Etant donne l’impressionnante recherche interdisciplinaire que tu as menee au cours des annees et ton implication constante dans la communaute academique francaise, c’est avec grand plaisir que je te remets le Prix de la Revue economique 2018 au nom de l’Association Revue economique. Les raisons de ce choix sont fortement liees a l’ADN de la revue elle-meme. Pour ceux et celles qui ne connaissent pas en detail ses objectifs et son histoire, la Revue economique est une revue scientifique creee en 1950 dans le but de promouvoir la recherche quantitative au sein de la communaute francophone. En tant que telle, on pourrait decrire la Revue economique comme l’Econometrica francaise… Il y a cependant une grande difference (au moins) entre Econometrica et la Revue economique.
Published: 2019
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44. Safety criteria for CO2 geological storage: Determination workflow and application in the context of the Paris Basin

Author: Olivier Bouc, Marie Gastine, Dominique Guyonnet, Nicolas Jacquemet, Frédéric Wertz, Chan Quang Vong, Didier Dubois, Hubert Fabriol, Gaël Bellenfant, Jeremy Rohmer, Sandrine Grataloup, and Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux
Subjects: Risk, Engineering, Operations research, SIMPLE (military communications protocol), business.industry, CO2 geological storage, Uncertainty, Context (language use), Identification (information), Operator (computer programming), Workflow, Energy(all), Risk analysis (engineering), Order (exchange), Greenhouse gas, Safety, Risk assessment, business, Assessment method
Abstract: For carbon dioxide capture and storage to make an effective contribution in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a large number of storage sites will be required. Safety will have to be demonstrated for each of these sites. We present in this paper a simple and flexible framework to assess safety of a CO 2 storage site in a time-efficient manner. It includes the identification by an expert panel of the relevant risk scenarios. Their evaluation privileges analytical or semi-analytical modelling with conservative assumptions. Uncertainty is managed in order to thoroughly represent and propagate the nature of information relative to the site properties. We illustrate the application of this framework with a case study in the context of the Paris Basin. The workflow described is not a complete risk assessment framework, but it constitutes a useful tool for an operator at an early stage of a project or to iteratively screen safety issues, or for a regulating authority to review the safety conditions of a project.
Published: 2011
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45. Intrusion of CO2 and impurities in a freshwater aquifer — Impact evaluation by reactive transport modelling

Author: Rohmer Jérémy, Chan Quang Vong, Julie Lions, Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux, Nicolas Jacquemet, and Olivier Bouc
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Carbonation, Environmental engineering, Aquifer, Environmental impacts, Contamination, Modelling tools, chemistry.chemical_compound, Energy(all), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, CO2 storage, Carbon capture and storage, Drinking water, Environmental science, Water quality, Nitrite, Dissolution, Groundwater, Impurities
Abstract: Contamination of fresh groundwater is one of the environmental issues of Carbon Capture and Storage. We simulate with the reactive transport code TOUGHREACT the intrusion of CO 2 + impurities from oxycombustion capture in a freshwater aquifer model based on a glauconitic sandstone aquifer. We choose an unfavorable scenario where the contaminant gas presents maximal contents in SO x , NO x and O 2 . Water quality changes after a 10 years intrusion are exposed. French quality standards in pH, Fe, Mn and sulphates concentrations for drinking water are reminded in the results for reference. Acidification and carbonation of water induces Fe- and Mn-bearing minerals dissolution that increases the concentration of these metals in water. Contamination by sulphates is due to the SO 2 oxidation by O 2 , both of these components being carried by the contaminant gas. The vertical extent of contamination is enhanced by both the upward migration of gaseous CO 2 and downward migration of dense carbonated water. The presence of SO 2 and NO in the contaminant gas, even in very low concentrations, induces a negative local pH shift of 1 unit by comparison with a pure- CO 2 contaminant gas. This pH shift has consequences on Fe and Mn release amplitude. The code does not allow realistic modelling of the fate of NO x in the aquifer. But we hypothesize this component to be oxidized by O 2 into nitrite or nitrates (health-significant substances) that persist into the aquifer. Perspectives are addressed.
Published: 2011
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46. Reactive transport modeling for impact assessment of a CO2 intrusion on trace elements mobility within fresh groundwater and its natural attenuation for potential remediation

Author: Julie Lions, Géraldine Picot-Colbeaux, Chan Quang Vong, Olivier Bouc, Jeremy Rohmer, and Nicolas Jacquemet
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Groundwater flow, Environmental remediation, Modeling tools, Aquifer, Soil science, Environmental impacts, Plume, Energy(all), Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Groundwater discharge, Clay minerals, Dissolution, Groundwater, CO2 Storage, Freshwater aquifer
Abstract: A leakage of CO2 from a geological storage site into an aquifer exploited for human use could raise concerns about potential changes of groundwater quality. We use the reactive transport code TOUGH2-ECO2N/TOUGHREACT in order to apprehend the possible geochemical mechanisms that could affect a freshwater aquifer. Our aquifer model is based on the mineralogical and geochemical features of an existing glauconitic-sandstone aquifer, to which trace elements bearing minerals are added in average proportions found in similar mineralogies. The code computes kinetic precipitation/dissolution processes. 2D sensitivity tests on: i) intrusion position (at the ceiling and at the floor) of pure CO2- ii) intrusion rates - iii) natural groundwater flow, were performed, exhibiting several dynamics. Dissolution of CO2 decreases the pH to 5.0 and leads to dissolution of trace elements bearing minerals, enriching the waters in trace elements including Cd, Pb, Zn. Their concentrations may locally exceed quality parameters. Gaseous CO2 migrates upwards and water enriched in dissolved CO2 moves downwards due to the density gradient. The geometric impact extends and the total amounts of mobilized health-significant-elements increase with increasing intrusion rates. Groundwater flow may have an impact on these parameters too. An interruption of the CO2 stream is immediately followed with decreasing tendencies of these parameters. A 3D test at an intrusion rate of 0.1 g/s/m2 during 1 year shows that, at this rate, the initial shape of the plume is much more extended horizontally than vertically. A strong limitation of the model is currently that sorption processes on clay minerals as well as on oxy-hydroxydes have not been taken into account, which most certainly means that our computations are conservative, as these mechanisms could strongly and quickly inhibit the mobilization of traces that would follow acidification and dissolution processes.
Published: 2011
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47. CO2 streams containing associated components—A review of the thermodynamic and geochemical properties and assessment of some reactive transport codes

Author: Pascal Audigane, V. Lachet, Jinying Yan, Y. Le Gallo, Nicolas Jacquemet, Mohamed Azaroual, A. Estublier, and I. von Dalwigk
Subjects: CO2ReMoVe, review, Equation of state, Chemistry, business.industry, European research, Thermal power station, Thermodynamics, Experimental data, STREAMS, Gas mixtures, Set (abstract data type), Solubility, Energy(all), Geochemical reactions, Reactive transport codes, Process engineering, business, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract: Modelling of the impact on storage of “ CO2-associated components” has rarely been addressed so far. This review, performed within the European research project CO2ReMoVe, exposes a selection of CO2 streams compositions coming from thermal power plants emissions and those injected in pilot sites part of the CO2ReMoVe project. It highlights the lack of data coming from laboratory experiments to describe properly the physical properties of some relevant gas mixtures. The geochemical impact of only 2 components (SO2 and H2S) is evidenced by some geochemical studies. Concerning the numerical modelling, four reactive transport codes (PHREEQC, SCALE2000, TOUGHREACT and COORES) were assessed. Actual limitations lie mainly in the capacity of calculating the physical properties of the whole set of gases (CO2–O2–SO2–N2–Ar–NOx–H2S–COS–CO–H2–HCl–NH3–CH4–C2H6–H2O). The new data acquired within on-going French projects will complete the knowledge of such complex gas mixtures behaviour.
Published: 2009
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48. Policy Analysis in Health-Services Market: Accounting for Quality and Quantity

Author: Bernard FORTIN, Nicolas JACQUEMET, and Bruce SHEARER
Abstract: We provide a theoretical and empirical framework for evaluating the effects of policy reforms on physician labor supply. We argue that any policy evaluation must account for both the quality and the quantity of services provided. The introduction of quality into the analysis has implications for both the theoretical and empirical analysis of labor supply, and consequently policy evaluation. In particular, endogenous quality choices introduce non-linearities into the budget constraint since the marginal return to an hour of work depends on the quality of services provided. We illustrate by considering a particular example: the recent reform in compensation contracts for specialist physicians in the province of Quebec (Canada). Prior to 1999, most Quebec specialist physicians were paid fee-for-service contracts; they received a piece rate for each clinical service provided. In 1999, the government introduced a mixed remuneration system, under which physicians received a base (half-daily or daily) wage, independent of services provided, and a reduced fee-for-service. Moreover, the government allowed physicians to choose their contract. We derive theoretical results for the effect of the reform on the quantity and quality of services supplied by analyzing "local" prices and virtual income. We propose discretizing the choice set as an empirical approach to policy evaluation in the presence of non-linear budget constraints.
Published: 2008

49. Is tax evasion a personality trait? An empirical evaluation of psychological determinants of 'tax morale'

Author: Jason F. Shogren, Nicolas Jacquemet, Stéphane Luchini, Antoine Malézieux, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming (UW), Les auteurs tiennent à remercier tout particulièrement le Conseil Régional de Lorraine pour son concours financier., ANR-10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics(2010), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), ANR-10-LABX-0093/10-LABX-0093,OSE,Opening economics - Labex Ouvrir la Science Economique(2011), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance, Évasion fiscale, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, traits de personalité, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, 0502 economics and business, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050207 economics, Evasion fiscale, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Traits de personnalité
Abstract: International audience; Malgré un intérêt croissant pour les déterminants non-monétaires des comportements fiscaux (tax morale), la littérature récente apporte peu d'éléments empiriques sur le lien entre les caractéristiques de personnalité reliées à la moralité et la propension à l'évasion fiscale. Or de telles mesures sont nécessaires pour comprendre les canaux de transmission des dispositifs de lutte contre l'évasion fiscale. Pour pallier cette lacune, le présent article rend compte d'une expérience en laboratoire permettant d'observer à la fois les comportements de déclaration de revenu des participants et des mesures psychologiques issues de la littérature en psychométrie : soumission à la norme, empathie affective et cognitive, et propension à ressentir la honte et la culpabilité. Ces mesures sont combinées à l'aide d'une analyse en composantes principales afin d'en extraire les facteurs indépendants. Nos résultats montrent que la décision de frauder comme son intensité sont fortement liées à l'empathie affective, l'empathie cognitive et la dimension publique de la moralité (mesurée par la soumission à la norme et la propension à la honte). La propension à ressentir la culpabilité, en revanche, est sans effet. Surtout, le pouvoir explicatif global de ces mesures de moralité individuelles est relativement faible. Ce résultat remet en cause l'hypothèse d'une moralité fiscale intrinsèque, et met l'accent sur l'importance du contexte institutionnel pour comprendre les comportements d'évasion.; Despite an increasing interest in the non-monetary determinants of tax behaviors (also known as tax morale), the recent literature offers few empirical elements on the link between moral personality characters and tax evasion propensity. However, such measures are necessary to understand the transmission channels of policies targeted at fighting against tax evasion. To fill this gap, this paper reports a lab experiment allowing to observe participants' behaviors of income declaration and psychological measures from the psychometric literature: norm-submission, affective empathy, cognitive empathy, propensity to feel guilt and shame. These measures are combined through a Principal Component Analysis to extract independent factors. Results show that the decision to evade as well as its intensity are very highly related to affective empathy, cognitive empathy and public dimension of morality (measured by norm submission and propensity to feel shame). The propensity to feel guiltiness is, however, without significant effects. More importantly, the explanatory power of these individual morality measures is rather weak. This result challenges the assumption of an intrinsical tax morale and highlights the importance of the institutional context to understand evasion behaviors.
Published: 2016
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50. Marriage, Labor Supply, and Home Production: A Longitudinal Microeconomic Analysis of Marriage, Intra-Household Bargaining and Time Use Using the BHPS, 1991-2008

Author: Nicolas Jacquemet, Marion Goussé, and Jean-Marc Robin
Subjects: Labour economics, Willingness to pay, media_common.quotation_subject, Marriage market, Economics, Intra-household bargaining, Wage, Production (economics), Marital status, Family values, Panel data, media_common
Abstract: We extend the search-matching model of the marriage market of Shimer and Smith (2000) to allow for labor supply, home production, match-specific shocks and endogenous divorce. We study nonparametric identification using panel data on marital status, education, family values, wages, and market and non market hours, and we develop a semiparametric estimator. We estimate how much sorting results from time use specialization or homophilic preferences. We estimate how equilibrium marriage formation affects the wage elasticities of market and non market hours. We estimate individuals’ willingness to pay for marriage and quantify the redistributive effect of intra-household resource sharing.
Published: 2016
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