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Lepthyphantes sardosus (sic!); Roewer 1942: 554. Examined material. Italy: Sardegna, Ulassai, Ogliastra (Nuoro province), Grutta de Su Marmuri [Su Marmuri cave] (0055 Sa / NU), 843 m, 21 Feb 2022, Isaia & Nicolosi leg., 1♂ (neotype, here designated: MSNG), 1♀, 1♂ and 3♀♀ (MI 3466), 1 ♂ and 1♀ (MCSNB 47697). Type locality. Italy, Sardegna, Ulassai, Ogliastra (Nuoro province), Grutta de Su Marmuri. New diagnosis The sinuous, horsefish-shaped embolus of the male with dentigerous protrusions on its proximal part (ppe in Fig. 1), the well-developed tripartite structure of the scapus (proscape, middle part, and distal part with lateral lobes and stretcher, Figs 6-8) as well as the leg formula of chaetotaxy lead to the transfer of this species to the genus Tenuiphantes. Males are distinguished from other species of Lepthyphantes sensu lato by observing the male pedipalp in external lateral (Fig. 1) and ventral (Fig. 2) view, by the club-shaped “lamella characteristica” (lc, Fig. 3), the terminal apophysis divided in two lobes (lta in Figs 1-2), the lack of teeth on the paracymbium (pc, Fig. 4), the presence of 3-4 spine-shaped teeth on the proximal part of the embolus (ppe, Figs 1-2). Females are diagnosed by the roughly rectangular proscape (ps, Fig. 6) with curved edges, wider than long, indented midway at its base and highly protruding in lateral view (Fig. 8). Description of the male neotype Overall size and leg length small. Prosoma 0.984 long, 0.852 wide, light-yellowish. Cephalic region not elevated with a few bristles interspersed among the eyes (Fig. 5). Clypeus 0.162 long, slightly indented under the eyes, then convex, with one bristle just below the head region. Eyes normally developed, with pigment and black margins (Fig. 5). AME smallest. PLE, PME and ALE slightly similar in diameter. ALE and PLE contiguous. PLE–PME distance: 0.049, ALE–AME distance: 0.045, PME–PME distance: 0.056. Eye diameters: AME: 0.041, PME: 0.071, ALE: 0.076, PLE: 0.059. Sternum heart-shaped, yellowish with blackish shades and darker margin. At high magnification a fine pattern of irregular circles is visible. Chelicerae 0.409 long, light brownish, with 18-20 lateral stridulatory ridges and armed with three teeth on the anterior margin of the chelicera: two of them almost contiguous, bigger in size and reaching the fang almost midway and the third smaller on the proximal part of the cheliceral margin (Fig. 5). On the posterior margin, three-four very small teeth are visible, grouped on the central part of the cheliceral margin. Legs uniformly light yellowish. Leg I: femur 1.63, patella 0.31, tibia 1.67, metatarsus 1.68, tarsus 1.02, TLL 6.31; leg II: femur 1.58, patella 0.29, tibia 1.40, metatarsus 1.54, tarsus 0.93, TLL 5.74; leg III: femur 1.28, patella 0.26, tibia 1.24, metatarsus 1.19, tarsus 0.75, TLL 4.72; leg IV: femur 1.22, patella 0.23, tibia 1.17, metatarsus 1.18, tarsus 0.70, TLL 4.5. Abdomen 1.45 long, 0.994 wide; grey, generally darker than the prosoma, in some specimens very pale, lighter than the prosoma. Palp: femur 0.438, patella 0.115, tibia 0.171, cymbium 0.437. Cymbium faintly convex (cy, Fig. 1), when seen from above the internal margin is regular and the external one bears two faint lobes in its proximal half. Paracymbium U-shaped in lateral view (pc, Fig. 4), unarmed and bearing some hairs on the proximal part (ppc, Fig. 4), apical part gradually narrowed anteriorly (apc, Fig. 4), distal suprategular apophysis directed upwards (dsa, Fig. 1), with a sharp end. Embolus sinuous, horsefish-shaped, its proximal part bearing three-four stout spine-like teeth (ppe, Figs 1-2), thumb well-developed. “Lamella characteristica” club-shaped (lc in Fig. 3), terminal apophysis strongly sclerotized, divided in two lobes (lta, Figs 1-2). Description of the female (paratype from Su Marmuri cave) Similar in most features to male. Prosoma 0.954 long, 0.803 wide. Clypeus 0.162. Eyes normally developed, with pigment and black margins. AME smallest. PLE, PME and ALE slightly similar in diameter. ALE and PLE contiguous. PLE–PME distance: 0.066, ALE–AME distance: 0.060, PME–PME distance: 0.065. Eye diameters: AME: 0.045, PME: 0.061, ALE: 0.067, PLE: 0.061. Chelicerae 0.413 long. Leg I: femur 1.89, patella 0.307, tibia 1.76, metatarsus 1.60, tarsus 1.03, TLL 6.587; leg II: femur 1.82, patella 0.295, tibia 1.62, metatarsus 1.55, tarsus 0.870, TLL 6.155; leg III: femur 1.45, patella 0.284, tibia 1.48, metatarsus 1.56, tarsus 0.732, TLL 5.506; leg IV: femur 1.44, patella 0.280, tibia 1.52, metatarsus 1.41, tarsus 0.769, TLL 5.419. Abdomen 1.69 long, 1.03 wide. Palp: femur 0.363, patella 0.133, tibia 0.235, tarsus 0.439. Epigynal plate forming a roughly rectangular proscape with curved edges (ps, Figs 6-7), wider than long, indented midway at its base. Lateral plates visible in dorsal view (ll, Fig. 7) only faintly visible in ventral view (ll, Fig. 6). Scape arched in lateral view (Fig. 8), covering entirely the inner part of the epigyne (“languette interne” according to Fage 1919); stretcher tongue-shaped (St, Figs 6-7), short, bearing a pitted knob at its end, clearly visible in ventral view. Fertilisation ducts sclerotized. Spination (based on all material examined) Femur I with one prolateral spine; femur II, III and IV with no spines. Patella I-IV with one dorsal spine. Tibia I with two dorsal, one prolateral, and one retrolateral spines; tibia II with one dorsal, and one prolateral and one retrolateral spines; tibia III and IV with one dorsal and one retrolateral spines. Metatarsus I–IV with one dorsal spine. Position of TmI: 0.16. Trichobothrium on Mt IV absent. Taxonomical remarks In the original description, Gozo (1908) assigned the newly described species to the genus Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866. In lack of males, the diagnosis was based on the morphology of the epigyne, having a characteristic margin of the “ margine del tubercolo sporgente ” (presumably the margin of the proscapus) and by the presence of one spine on femur I. The genus assignation was based on the characters provided by Simon’s (Simon 1884) description of Lepthyphantes (Gozo 1908: 119: “ Infine la mia sàrdoa è sicuramente una Leptyphantes, secondo la descrizione del Simon, perchè presenta esattamente i caratteri del genere” [Finally, my sàrdoa is certainly a Lepthyphantes, according to Simon’s description, because it shows exactly the feature of the genus]). The occurrence of males at the type locality together with females allowed to pair the two sexes. Moreover, the match is confirmed by morphological characters shared by males and females, such as chaetotaxy, cheliceral teeth, stridulatory ridges, abdominal pattern and ocular pattern. Saaristo & Tanasevitch (1993, 1996) reclassified the genus Lepthyphantes using a typological approach, examining the morphology of the genital organs, especially males. As a result, most of the European species of Lepthyphantes were transferred or assigned to new genera. On the other hand, given the lack of males, L. sardous was not transferred to any of the newly created genera. Our finding of the unknown male now allows the placement of this species within the genus Tenuiphantes Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996. According to the original description, the genus includes small Linyphiids, having in males a sinuous embolus with a dentigerous protrusion on its proximal part (Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996). Such character is clearly visible in our case (Figs 1-2). Moreover, other details given in the genus description such as chaetotaxy, unmodified cymbium and relatively large paracymbium do match our case. According to the morphology of the male genitalia, T. sardous n. comb. is similar to T. alacris (Blackwall, 1853) and T. cristatus (Menge, 1866), showing a similar club-shaped “lamella characteristica” but lacking teeth on the paracymbium. The female is close to T. flavipes (Blackwall, 1854), with a rounded proscape covering the whole median part of the scape. Ecology and distribution Specimens of T. sardous n. comb. have been collected on the cave ground, among rocks in areas mostly covered with guano. At the collection localities, the cave has an almost constant temperature of ~8°C (Cossu 2022, personal communication). In lack of noticeable troglomorphic traits and in accordance with Mammola et al. (2018), we regard the species as troglophile – not a troglobiont as reported by Lana et al. (2016). Interestingly, despite the eyes being normally developed in all specimens (Fig. 5), the abdomen of the specimens collected in the deepest sector of the cave is paler compared to the others. As far as the distribution is concerned, the species is currently known exclusively for the type locality. However, the troglophile habitus and the general lack of arachnological prospections in Sardinian caves suggest a wider distribution on the island. The Su Marmuri cave is located at 874 m a.s.l. on Tisiddu Mountain (Ulassai, Nuoro province). A huge sinkhole, evidence of an ancient water drainage, gives access to a large, mostly horizontal, underground tunnel (Figs 9-10). The difference in height from the entrance to the sinkhole is approximately 35 m, and the length of the tunnel is about 900 m (Cossu et al. 2022). Su Marmuri cave is a remarkable geoheritage site and a hotspot for the conservation of cave-dwelling fauna, hosting a large winter colony of about 27.000 individuals of the common bent-wing bat Miniopterus schreibersi (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae), and several endemic species of subterranean arthropods such as the beetle Ovobathysciola gestroi, the chilopod Lithobius doderoi (see Graffiti 2009). The cave opened to tourism in the mid-1950s and through the years has become an important tourist attraction, with approximately 15.000 tourists/year visiting the cave from May to October. In light of the biological and geological characteristics of the cave and the concurrent pressure of tourism, an environmental monitoring program of Su Marmuri cave started in 2021, in the framework of the research project of national relevance “Showcave”. Data shows how the presence of tourists in the cave during summer does not alter the cave microclimate (Cinus et al. 2021; Cossu et al. 2022). Moreover, tourist facilities inside the cave do not seem to have any significant effect on the cave ground that could potentially alter the species habitat. In general terms, the current management of the cave as a tourist attraction does not seem to have negative effects on the survival of this endemic species. Acknowledgements – We are thankful to Antonello Cossu and to Daniela Cinus of CNR-IBE Sassari for organizing the trip to Su Marmuri cave and for assisting us in our Sardinian expedition. A special thanks goes to Antonello Cossu for providing data and suggestions about cave microclimate. Thanks to Cesare Pilia and the staff of Su Marmuri cave for his great and friendly hospitality at Su Bullicciu Restaurant. We are grateful to Andrei Tanasevitch for providing advice on genus assignment and for revising anatomical descriptions and illustrations. Alessandro Infuso was supported by the grant “Spider Conservation in Italy ” (33/2022, University of Torino). The expedition to Su Marmuri cave and the above mentioned grant were funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research in the frame of the PRIN SHOWCAVE “A multidisciplinary research project to study, classify and mitigate the environmental impact in tourist caves” – code 2017HTXT2R (PI: Marco Isaia)., Published as part of Isaia, Marco & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2023, Notes on the Sardinian endemic Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Araneae: Linyphiidae), pp. 31-36 in Fragmenta entomologica 55 (1) on pages 32-36, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/1509, http://zenodo.org/record/8148348, {"references":["Roewer C. F. 1942. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. 1. Band (Mesothelae, Orthognatha, Labidognatha: Dysderaeformia, Scytodiformia, Pholciformia, Zodariiformia, Hersiliaeformia, Argyopiformia). Natura, Buchhandlung fur Naturkunde und exakte Wissenschaften Paul Budy, Bremen, 1040 pp.","Gozo A. 1908. Gli Aracnidi di caverne italiane. Bollettino della Societa entomologica italiana, 38: 109 - 139.","Simon E. 1884. Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquieme, deux- ieme et troisieme partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 180 - 885, 27 Pl.","Saaristo M. I., Tanasevitch A. V. 1993. Notes on the systematics of the spider genus Lepthyphantes Menge (Aranei Linyphiidae Micronetinae). Arthropoda Selecta, 2 (2): 55 - 61.","Saaristo M. I., Tanasevitch A. V. 1996. Redelimitation of the sub- family Micronetinae Hull, 1920 and the genus Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866 with descriptions of some new genera (Aranei, Linyphiidae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Mediz- inischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 83: 163 - 186.","Cossu Q. A., Cinus D., Isaia M., Piano E., Duce P. Environmental monitoring of Su Marmuri cave (Ulassai), a preliminary pic- ture. Proceedings of the Congresso SGI-SIMP 2022 (19 - 21 September 2022), Torino, Italy, p. 552.","Mammola S., Cardoso P., Ribera C., Pavlek M., Isaia M. 2018. A synthesis on cave dwelling spiders in Europe. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 56 (3), 301 - 316.","Cinus D., Cossu Q. A., Arca A., Ventura A., Ferrara R., Isaia M., Piano E. & Duce P. (2021). Environmental monitoring of touristic caves in Sardinia. Proceedings of the XXX Congres- so della Societa Italiana di Ecologia (25 - 27 October 2021), Lecce, Italy, p. 127."]}

Nicolosi, Giuseppe, Giachino, Pier Mauro, Magrini, Paolo, Sabella, Giorgio, Isaia, Marco (2023): Distribution and bioclimatic suitability of Duvalius hartigi, subterranean beetle from the lava caves of Mount Etna (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae). Fragmenta entomologica 55 (1): 37-44, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/1510, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11630-8

Isaia, Marco, Nicolosi, Giuseppe (2023): Notes on the Sardinian endemic Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Fragmenta entomologica 55 (1): 31-36, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/1509, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/PO.23.00107

ODINIIDAE This is a small family of species in the Palaearctic. The larvae of some species develop in burrows in trees (Alnus, Betula, Malus, Populus, Quercus and Salix) attacked usually by the larvae of beetles of the families Cerambycidae and Curculionidae (Scolytinae). Other species are associated with fungi. Only three species of this family are known from Italy., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Aulacigaster falcata Papp, 1997 Material examined: 2♂, 3♀, Sicily, Enna, Agira, 37° 38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. The family and species are new records for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Periscelis annulata (Fallén, 1813) Material examined: 5♂, 6♀, Sicily, Enna, Agira, 37°38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. Known from north Italy. The family and species are new records for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Four families with five species of acalyptrate Diptera are recorded for the first time from Sicily: Aulacigastridae [Aulacigaster falcata Papp, A. leucopeza (Meigen)], Odiniidae [Odinia trinotata Robineau-Desvoidy], Periscelididae [Periscelis annulata (Fallén)] and Carnidae [Meoneura freta Collin]. In six families that were previously known from Sicily, an additional nine new species records are given. The lists of species of Meoneura Rondani of Italy and of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy (Ulidiidae) of Sicily are updated., Fragmenta entomologica, Vol. 54 No. 1 (2022)

Asteia (Subanarista) mahunkai Papp, 1979 Material examined: 2♀, Sicily, Noto, Vendicari, coastal marsh and dunes, 10.vi.1999, M.J. Ebejer New record for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Silba fumosa (Egger, 1862) Material examined: 2♀, Sicily, Etna, Rifugio Citelli, Betula wood, 1700m, 12.vi.1999, M.J. Ebejer. New record for Sicily ., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

CARNIDAE This family was very poorly known from the whole of Italy until quite recently. The checklist (Canzoneri et al. 1995) lists only one species of Meoneura Rondani, 1856. The paper by Stuke & Barták (2019) adds more species and the new record from Sicily brings the total number of the known Italian species of Meoneura to 13. A few more species can be expected from Sicily. The biology of this family includes larvae developing as ectoparasites of birds, development in dung and in compost.

SCIOMYZIDAE The Sciomyzidae is a well-known family whose larvae are predators/parasitoids of terrestrial and freshwater molluscs. The Italian fauna was comprehensively studied and documented by Rivosecchi (1992) who recorded twenty species from Sicily.

PIOPHILIDAE The only species previously known from Sicily is the cosmopolitan Piophila casei (Linnaeus, 1758). Both species recorded below are widespread in Europe and both are known from mainland Italy. Piophilidae species are late stage carrion feeders as larvae.

ULIDIIDAE A family of very diverse species all of which develop in decomposing organic matter, often of plant origin. Many are attracted to dung of various animal origin. Since the publication of the checklist (Belcari et al. 1995) and a comprehensive study of this family by Rivosecchi (1995), two papers (Kameneva 2007; Morgulis et al. 2013) added new records and one new species to the previously listed single species of Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from Sicily. The list is brought up to date below and a genus and species new for Sicily is added. Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ghilianii Rondani, 1869 rivosecchii Merz, 2001 sicula Morgulis, Freidberg & Kameneva, 2013 tristis (Meigen, 1826), Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054, {"references":["Rivosecchi L. 1995. Contributo alla conoscenza degli otitidi ital- iani (Diptera, Acalyptera, Otitidae). Bollettino dell'Associ- azione Romana di Entomologia, 49 (3 - 4) (1994): 75 - 117.","Kameneva E. P. 2007. A new species of Herina (Diptera, Ulidii- dae) from Switzerland, with a key to European species and notes on nomenclature and distribution. Vestnikzoologii, 41 (5): 405 - 421.","Morgulis E., Freidberg A., Kameneva E. P. 2013. Two new spe- cies of Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from the Mediterranean region, with key to species groups. Zootaxa, 3696 (4): 461 - 470. Doi: https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.4.4"]}

Aulacigaster leucopeza (Meigen, 1830) Material examined: 5♂, 2♀, Sicily, Enna, Agira, 37° 38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14. viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. Known from north Italy. The family and species are new records for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Protopiophila latipes (Meigen, 1838) Material examined: 1♀, Sicily, Enna,Agira, 37°38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. Known from south Italy. New record for Sicily ., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Prochyliza nigrimana (Meigen, 1826) Material examined: 1♀, Sicily, Etna, Monte Spagnolo, 1200m, woodland of Acer, Castanea and Pinus, 6.vi.1999, M.J. Ebejer. New record for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Palloptera ustulata Fallén, 1820 Material examined: 3♂, 1♀, Sicily, Etna, Monte Spagnolo, 1200m, woodland of Acer, Castanea and Pinus, 6.vi.1999, M.J. Ebejer. Swept from the leaves of lower branches of trees, this is a very common and widespread European species. New record for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Palloptera muliebris (Harris, 1780) Material examined: 1♂, 1♀, Sicily, Etna, Bronte, Monte Minardo, 345m, 11.vi.1999, M.J. Ebejer. This species was swept from the leaves on the lower branches of oak trees. It is a common species in Europe and Italy. New record for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

AULACIGASTRIDAE This family, known from the north of Italy, has a few species in all zoogeographic regions. Only three are found in Europe and all are associated with woodland, particularly forests of Quercus where the larvae develop in exuding sap from the tree trunks. These flies are also occasionally attracted to carrion. Carles-Tolrá & Garcia Rojo (2015) collected three species in Spain using beef liver., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054, {"references":["Carles-Tolra M., Garcia Rojo A. M. 2015. Three aulacigastrid species collected by a trap baited with beef liver. A family from forensic entomology? Boletin de la Sociedad Ento- mologica Aragonesa (S. E. A.), 56: 218 - 220."]}

Odinia trinotata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Material examined: 2♂, 1♀, Sicily, Enna, Agira, 37°38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. This species is associated with oak trees. The family and species are new records for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

Myennis octopunctata (Coquebert, 1798) Material examined: 3♂, 3♀, Sicily, Enna, Agira, 37°38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. Widespread in Italy and known from Sardinia. New record for Sicily., Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on pages 103-104, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054

LONCHAEIDAE Some species have saproxylic larvae, others develop in decomposing vegetable matter and manure. Only three of the 23 species known from Italy have been recorded from Sicily. The species listed below is widespread in Europe and common around the Mediterranean.

Meoneura freta Collin, 1937 Material examined: 1♂, Sicily, Enna,Agira, 37°38ʹ44.32ʹʹN 14°29ʹ44.58ʹʹE, beer trap, 07–14.viii.2019, G. Nicolosi. The family and species are new records for Sicily. The checklist of the thus far known Italian Meoneura is updated here: Meoneura Rondani, 1856 alpina Hennig, 1948 atoma Papp, 1981 baechli Stuke & Barták, 2019 exigu a Collin, 1930 flavifacies Collin, 1930 flavifrons Papp, 1981 freta Collin, 1937 glaberrima Becker, 1907 helvetica Papp, 1997 joedaltoni Stuke & Barták, 2019 obscurella (Fallén, 1823) occulta Stuke, 2015 pseudoflavifacies Papp, 1997, Published as part of Ebejer, Martin J. & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2022, New records of acalyptrate Diptera from Sicily (Brachycera, Muscomorpha: Asteiidae, Aulacigastridae, Carnidae, Lonchaeidae, Odiniidae, Pallopteridae, Periscelididae, Piophilidae, Sciomyzidae, Ulidiidae), pp. 101-104 in Fragmenta entomologica 54 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.13133/2284-4880/766, http://zenodo.org/record/8148054, {"references":["Stuke J. - H., Bartak M. 2019. Records of Carnidae from the col- lection of Miroslav Bartak (Diptera: Carnidae), with descrip- tion of five new species. Zootaxa, 4567 (2): 326 - 346. Doi: https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4567.2.6"]}

Tychobythinus inopinatus Sabella, Costanzo and Nicolosi, sp. nov. (Figs. 6���16) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40039BFF-19D6-4966-B466-9D31DA9FEC5F Type material. Holotype: ITALY: Sicily Region: Syracuse, Monello Cave, 22.X.2019, trap 17, 1 ♂, G. Nicolosi leg. (DBUC). Paratypes (all 17 specimens in DBUC): ITALY: Sicily Region: 1 ♀, same data of holotype; 1 ♀, same data of holotype, but trap 8; 1 ♀, same data of holotype, but trap 10; 1 ♂, same data of holotype, but trap 12; 1 ♀, same data of holotype, but trap 16; 1 ♀, same locality, 31. VII.2019, trap 10, G. Nicolosi leg.; 2 ♀♀, same data, but trap 12; 1 ♀, same locality, 22.VIII.2019, trap 12, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1 ♀, same locality, 05.IX.2019, trap 12, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1 ♀, same locality, 19.IX.2019, trap 17, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1 ♀, same locality, 07.X.2019, trap 10, G. Nicolosi leg.; 1 ♀, same data, but trap 17; 1 ♀, same locality, 07.XI.2019, trap 10, G. Nicolosi leg.; 3 ♀♀, same locality, 05.XII.2019, trap 10, G. Nicolosi leg. Description. Male (Fig. 6): Length 1.30���1.35 mm, apterous and anophthalmous. Pale brown or brown with lighter antennae, palpi, and legs. Pubescence consists of long and flattened setae (length: 0.07���0.08 mm) on head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen, other suberect shorter setae (length: 0.03���0.04 mm) on antennae, and legs, and thin fluff on apical segment of maxillary palpi. Head (Fig 8) wider (0.30 mm) than long (0.24 mm) narrower than pronotum. Frontal lobe wider (0.175 mm) than long (0.08 mm) with subparallel, protruding and sharp sides; antennal tubercle protruding. Frons between antennal tubercles with large median sulcus reaching anterior edge of vertexal foveae. Median clypeal carina welldefined, equally visible in dorsal as well as lateral view, extending to ocular region. Tempora rounded, convex occipital region traversed by median longitudinal sulcus, extending to posterior edge of vertexal foveae, these last wide and well-impressed. Gular region (Figs 10���11) behind labium with deep and broad impression margined pos- teriorly by transverse ridge projecting and laterally recurved backwards on each side of head. This ridge with long and acute median process, process projecting ventrally and ending with a bifid tuft of setae on the tips. Base of median process enlarged posteriorly in an oval impression, at base with two long and sturdy median bristles. Antennae 0.65���0.66 mm long, scape more than 4 times longer (0.19���0.20 mm) than wide (0.045 mm), narrowed and flattened with sharp medial margin on basal third, wider at middle. Pedicel ovoid, slightly asymmetric, about 1.5 times longer than wide, about as wide as scape, and wider than funicular segments. Antennomere III distinctly longer than wide and narrowed at base; antennomeres IV and V about as long as wide, antennomeres VI���VII wider than long, antennomeres VI shorter and closer than VII; antennomeres VIII wider than long, and wider than VII. Antennal club consisting of last three antennomeres which are widening progressively from IX to XI. Antennomeres IX and X distinctly wider than long, antennomere XI distinctly longer than wide and twice as long as combined length of antennomeres IX and X. Maxillary palpi (Fig. 13) with palpomere IIs elongate and gradually expanded from base to apex, their surface covered by 8-10 tubercles. Palpomeres III slightly longer than wide, surface with 4���6 tubercles; last palpomere about 5 times as long (0.29 mm) as wide (0.055 mm), widest at basal third, lateral margin distinctly curved and sinuate at middle. Pronotum wider (0.31 mm) than long (0.295 mm), widest near middle, anteriorly narrowed with convergent sides, posteriorly very slightly narrowed with rounded and subparallel sides very flattened laterally. Dorsal surface shiny with some sparse and faint punctures. Two well-impressed antebasal lateral foveae linked by wide antebasal sulcus. Tegument between pronotal posterior margin and antebasal sulcus rough, makeing it difficult to see small median antebasal fovea. Metaventrite distinctly raised at middle, its surface with dense and large punctures, with median sulcus beginning from its posterior margin and extending to just posterior to mesocoxal cavities. Base of mesocoxal cavities with pubescent lateral mesosternal fovea on each side. Elytra distinctly wider (0.57 mm) than long (0.52 mm), convex, sides slightly rounded from base to the apex, widest near middle. Humeral calli strongly reduced. Dorsal surface shiny with only some superficial punctures. Each elytron with two basal foveae, subhumeral fovea well-defined. Both marginal and sutural striae reaching to about elytral apices, discal striae lacking. Abdomen normally shaped without species-specific characters. Legs relatively long and thin. Protrochanters with 1���2 tubercles on ventral surface, protibiae slightly flattened and sinuate at distal third, protarsomere II slightly dilated. Meso- and metatrochanters simple; femora simple, mesotibiae slightly enlarged and sinuate for distal third, length of metatibiae: 0.45���0.46 mm, slightly enlarged and sinuate for distal third. Aedeagus (Fig. 14) 0.325���0.33 mm long, ovoid with relatively short parameres, parameres convergent and with narrow apex, each bearing two subapical setae. Internal sac (Figs 14���15) with two long apophyses converging to apices with numerous spines. Female (Fig. 7): Similar to male, length 1.30���1.35 mm, head (Fig. 9) slightly wider (0.25���0.26 mm) than long (0.23���0.24 mm), gular region unmodified, slightly convex. Antennae (Fig. 12) a little shorter (length: 0.63-0.64 mm) and with sligthly thinner antennomeres than in male; surface of palpomere II covered by 10���14 tubercles, anterior sides of pronotum narrower than in male. Metaventrite lacking median impression; legs with protibiae, tarsomere II of protarsi, and metatibiae unmodified. Telisternite as in Fig. 16. Discussion. Tychobythinus inopinatus sp. nov. differs from all other congeneric species by its aedeagal and exoskeletal features. It shares affinities with Tychobythinus villasmundi Sabella, Amore, Nicolosi, 2019, however it differs from the latter in numerous characters: antennal scape more than 4 times longer than wide (less than 4 times longer than wide for T. villasmundi); last palpomere about 5 times longer than wide, with lateral margin distinctly curved and sinuate at middle (about 4 times longer than wide with lateral margin slightly curved and sinuate at middle for T. villasmundi), different shape of gular ridge of male (cfr. Figs 10���11 with Figs 8���9 in Sabella et al. 2019), aedeagus with different apical morphology of the parameres, which are not narrowed in T. inopinatus sp. nov., and are distinctly narrowed in T. villasmundi (cfr. Fig. 14 with Fig. 12 in Sabella et al. 2019), and differences of the internal sac (cfr. Figs 14���15 with Fig. 12 in Sabella et al. 2019). Like T. villasmundi, T. inopinatus sp. nov. shares affinities to the congeneric species from North Africa which belong to two distinct groups (Sabella et al. 2014). However, they do not represent, with certainty, two homogeneous phyletic lineages because their external morphology is closely related to their different levels of adaptation to endogean life. The aedeagus of T. inopinatus sp. nov. is comparable to the species belonging to the Tychobythinus algiricus group (Sabella et al. 2014; Chiasmatobythus sensu Jeannel 1956), due to their troglobitic adaptations. T. inopinatus sp. nov. is externally close to the species belonging to the Tychobythinus theryi group (Sabella et al. 2013; Anopsibythus sensu Jeannel 1956). Among the material examined we also found a female collected in Monello Cave, 06.VI.2019, trap 13, G. Nicolosi leg. (DBUC), with only 10 antennomeres, and with antennomere VI distinctly longer than wide, which is probably derived from the fusion of antennomers VI and VII. This specimen has been excluded from the type series. Finally, it seems interesting to underline that the previous research conducted inside Monello Cave in 1991 (Caruso 1995), which used the same collection techniques, did not produce any specimens of the new species. On the contrary, our investigation that began on 11 January 2019 and is still in progress allowed us to collect, in addition to the species relieved in the previous study, 18 specimens (2 males and 16 females) of the new species of Tychobythinus in various areas of the cave, but only during the period from August to December 2019. This fact could be explained considering that the ecological conditions inside the cave have improved signifi- cantly in the last thirty years, probably in relation to the implemented strict conservation measures, but the factors driving this change certainly deserve further study (with a careful comparison of the environmental data emerged from the study conducted in 1991 and in 2019), which however goes beyond the purpose of this article. A simpler explanation can be provided by the different sampling periods for the two research programs: research in 1991 covered the period January���July, while our research program, still in progress, covered the entire year of 2019, with collection of the new species happening between August and December, a period not covered by the previous research program., Published as part of Sabella, Giorgio, Costanzo, Salvatore & Nicolosi, Giuseppe, 2020, Tychobythinus inopinatus, a new troglobitic species from Sicily (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae), pp. 273-281 in Zootaxa 4779 (2) on pages 276-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/3833583, {"references":["Sabella, G., Amore, E. & Nicolosi, G. (2019) A new troglobitic Tychobythinus from Sicily (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). Zootaxa, 4567 (2), 379 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4567.2.10","Sabella, G., Viglianisi, F. M., D'Urso, V. & Nouira, S. (2014) A review of the Tychobythinus algiricus species group from North Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). Zootaxa, 3893 (4), 579 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3893.4.7","Jeannel, R. (1956) Les Pselaphides de l'Afrique du Nord. Essai de biogeographie berbere. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, New Series, Serie A, Zoologie, 14, 1 - 233.","Sabella, G., D'Urso, V., Nouira, S., Souissi, R. & Besuchet, C. (2013) A review of Tychobythinus theryi species group with description of a new species from Algeria (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). Zootaxa, 3701 (1), 63 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3701.1.5","Caruso, D. (1995) La fauna della Grotta Monello. Atti e Memorie dell'Ente Fauna Siciliana, 2, 87 - 121."]}